AN ASSIGNMENT ON “Drilling and Well Logging”

Course title: GS 407

SUBMITTED BY

MD. HABIZAR RAHMAN

EXAM ROLL:150349

CLASS ROLL:2296

REG. NO:37538

SESSION:2015-16

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES

JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIVERSITY
SAVAR, DHAKA-1342
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1.Content of well planning:

1.Well Planning

1.1Objective

1.2Well-Type Classification

1.3Formation Pressure

1.4Planning Costs

1.5Overview of the Planning Process

2.Data Collection

2.1Offset-Well Selection

2.2Data Sources

2.3Bit Records

2.4Mud Records

2.5IADC Reports

2.6Scout Tickets

2.7Mud-Logging Records

2.8Log Headers

2.9Production History

2.10Seismic Studies

3.Casing Setting-Depth Selection

3.1Types of Casing and Tubing

3.2Setting-Depth Design Procedures

4.Hole-Geometry Selection

4.1General Design Procedures

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4.2Size-Selection Problems

4.3Casing- and Bit-Size Selection

4.4Standard Bit/Casing Combinations

5.Preparation of Authority for Expenditures(AFE)

5.1Projected Drilling Time

5.2Time Categories

5.3Time Considerations

5.4Cost Categories

5.5Tangible and Intangible Costs

5.6Location Preparation

5.7Drilling Rig and Tools

5.8Drilling Fluids

5.9Rental Equipment

5.10Cementing

5.11Support Services

5.12Transportation

5.13Supervision and Administration

5.14Tubulars

5.15Wellhead Equipment

5.16Completion Equipment

2. Gas effect on Density Porosity

Density Porosity is Higher than actual porosity, because in the calculation we typically don’t
account for the fluid density change. In other words, we assume the fluid density is 1 (or
completely liquid filled) even though with gas that value is lower, which causes the
calculated porosity to be too high
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Gas effect on Neutron Porosity

The relationship between neutron-log porosity and the true porosity in clean formations are
valid when either water or oil fills the pores as the two fluids have essentially the same
hydrogen index.

However, gas having a very low density, has a very low hydrogen index compared to water.
Whenever pores are filled with gas rather than oil or water, neutron porosity will be lowered.

This occurs because there is less concentration of hydrogen in gas compared to oil or water.

A lowering of neutron porosity by gas is called gas effect.

Moreover, on the neutron-density combination gas stands out very distinctly, giving a large
negative separation.

Figure 1: Gas effect

3.Sources Rock Evaluation using Sonic log

The velocity of the common sedimentary rocks is rarely diagnostic of lithology: there is too
much variation within each rock type and too much overlap between types (Table).

However, such is the natural occurrence that high velocities are more likely to be associated
with carbonates, intermediate velocities with sands, sandy shales and low velocities with
shales.

Figure 2: Source rock evaluation using sonic log

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Sources Rock Evaluation using density log

The presence of organic matter in shales lowers their density. The normal average matrix
density of a mixture of clay minerals is about 2.7 g/cm3, while organic matter has densities
between 0.50 g/cm3 to 1.8 g/cm3. The presence of organic matter therefore has a marked
effect on the overall shale bulk density.

This organic matter effect on the density log can be quantified, as was very early recognized,
so that the log can be used to evaluate source
rocks. Traditionally, to do this the relationship
between organic content and the density log is
normalized using sample analyses.

Difficulties arise when the organic matter is

mixed with a high density mineral (pyrite),
since the high density of the pyrite masks the
effect of the low density organic matter.

The density log has long been used in coal

logging as an indicator of the ash content of
the coal beds. Figure 3: Sources Rock Evaluation using density log

Sources Rock Evaluation using Resistivity log

The resistivity log may be used both qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate source
rocks.
The effect of a source rock on the resistivity log depends on the maturity of the organic
matter: it has little effect when immature, but causes a large increase when it is mature (Fig.).

Figure 4: Sources Rock Evaluation using Resistivity log