Substances

that are harmful to the human respiratory system

Substances Sources Effects
Tar Cigarette smoke - Cause lung cancer and
Nicotine bronchitis
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide Smoke from motor vehicle - Lack of oxygen can cause
dizziness, headaches and
fatigue
Sulphur dioxide Smoke from factory - Irritate the air passage
Nitrogen dioxide - Cause cough, difficulty in
breathing and asthma
Haze, dust Open burning, forest fire - Irritate the respiratory
Pollen Plants that spread pollen through wind system
- Cause asthma

Respiratory diseases and their symptoms
1. Asthma
2. Bronchitis
3. Emphysema
4. Lung cancer

Adaptations in the animal respiratory system (Moist, thin, large surface area)
1. Amphibians (Moist outer skin)
2. Fish (Gills)
3. Insects (Trachea)

Osmosis – the process of movement of water molecules from high water concentration region
to low water concentration region

During the day At night or on a hot day
- Guard cells become turgid and - Guard cells become flaccid and
curved straight
- Stoma opens - Stoma is closed