SECTION 1

THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

PMBOK®
6th Edition
Project VS Operations
 A project is a temporary endeavor designed to produce a
unique product, service or result with a defined beginning
and end (usually time-constrained, and often constrained
by funding or staffing) undertaken to meet unique goals
and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change
or added value.
 The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast
with business as usual (or operations), which are
repetitive, permanent, or semi-permanent functional
activities to produce products or services. In practice,
the management of such distinct production approaches
requires the development of distinct technical skills and
management strategies. (Wikipedia)
Introduction
 What is PMBOK Guide?
PMBOK Guide is a recognized standard for the
project management profession.

 What is a standard?
A standard is a formal document that describes
established norms, methods, processes, and practices.

 How did it evolve?

The knowledge contained in this standard evolved from the
recognized good practices of project management practitioners
who contributed to the development of this standard.
Introduction
PMBOK Guide Layout
Chapter 01 & 02
 Provides an introduction to key concepts in the project
management field.
Chapter 03
 Is the standard for project management.

 Its summarizes the processes, inputs, and outputs that are

considered good practices on most projects most of the time.
Chapter 04 – 12
 Are the guide to the project management body of knowledge.

 They expand on the information in the standard by describing the

inputs and outputs as well as tools and techniques used in
managing projects.
Introduction

 The PMBOK Guide provides guidelines for managing

individual projects.

 The PMBOK Guide

 defines project management and related concepts, and

 describes the project management life cycle and the related

processes
1.1 Purpose of the PMBOK Guide

 The increasing acceptance of project management indicates that

the application of appropriate knowledge, processes, skills, tools,
and techniques can have a significant impact on project success.

 The PMBOK Guide identifies that subset of the

project management body of knowledge [which is]
“generally recognized” as “good practice”.
1.1 Purpose of the PMBOK Guide

What does “generally recognized” mean?

It means the knowledge and practices described
are applicable to most projects most of the time, and
there is consensus about their value and usefulness.

What does “good practice” mean?

It means there is general agreement that
the application of these skills, tools, and techniques
can enhance the chances of success
over a wide range of projects.
1.1 Purpose of the PMBOK Guide

Good practice does not mean that the knowledge described

should always be applied uniformly to all projects.

The organization and/or project management team is responsible

for determining what is appropriate for any given project.
1.1 Purpose of the PMBOK Guide
Common Vocabulary
The PMBOK Guide also provides and promotes a common vocabulary
within the project management profession for discussing, writing, and
applying project management concepts.

Such a standard vocabulary is an essential element of a professional

discipline

Foundational Project Management Reference

The Project Management Institute (PMI) views this standard as a
foundational project management reference for its professional
development programs and certifications
Purpose of the PMBOK Guide
PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
In addition to
the standards that establish guidelines for
project management processes, tools, and techniques,
the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
guides practitioners of the profession of project management
and
describes the expectations practitioners have of themselves
and others.
What is a Project
1.2 What is a project?

 The end is reached when

 the project’s objectives have been achieved or

 when the project is terminated because its objectives will not

or cannot be met, or
 when the need for the project no longer exists.
1.2 What is a project?
Definition – Misconceptions:
 Temporary does not necessarily mean short in duration.

 Temporary does not generally apply to out put of the project (the
product, service, or result created by the project); most projects are
undertaken to create a lasting outcome. [and lasting impact.]

Definition: “create”:
 A product that can be either a component of another item or an
end item in itself,
 A capability to perform a service (e.g., a business function that
supports production or distribution), or
 A result such as an outcome or document (e.g., a research
project that develops knowledge that can be used to determine
whether a trend is present or a new process will benefit society).
1.2 What is a project?
Definition – “unique”
Every project creates a unique product, service, or result.

Although repetitive elements may be present in some project

deliverables, this repetition does not change the fundamental
uniqueness of the project work.

 An ongoing work effort is generally a repetitive process because it

follows an organization’s existing procedures.
1.2 What is a project?
Differences from routine repetitive work
In contrast, because of the unique nature of projects, there may be
uncertainties about the products, services, or results that the
project creates.

Project tasks can be new to a project team, which necessitates

more dedicated planning than other routine work.

In addition, projects are undertaken at all organizational levels.

A project can involve a single person, a single organizational unit, or

multiple organizational units.
Examples of Projects?
▪ Examples of projects include but not limited to:
✔ Developing a new pharmaceutical compound for market,
✔ Merging two organizations,
✔ Exploring for Oil or Gas in a region, and
✔ Conducting research to develop a new manufacturing process
▪ The temporary nature of projects indicates that a project has a
definite beginning and end.
1.2 What is a project?
Examples of Projects
Examples of projects include, but are not limited to:
 Developing a new product or service,

 Effecting a change in the structure, staffing, or style of an

organization,
 developing or acquiring a new or modified information system,

 Constructing a building or infrastructure, or

 Implementing a new business process or procedure.

 What is Project Management
 Project management is accomplished through the
appropriate application and integration of the 49 logically
grouped project management processes Comprising the 5
Process Groups:
i.e. Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling,
and Closing.

 Managing a project typically includes:

 Identifying requirements,
 Addressing the various needs, concerns, and expectations of the
stakeholders as the project is planned and carried out,
 Balancing the competing project constraints including, but not limited to:
Scope, Quality, Schedule, Budget, Resources and Risk
What is Project Management
 Application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to meet
project requirements and Objectives of the stakeholders / end
users

 Getting a Unique Undertaking done through the Active Support

of others / stakeholders

 The art of deciding & coordinating human / Materials resources

through out the life of the project by using modern
management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives
of Scope, Time, Cost & Quality (STCQ)
Project or Operation?
Project or Operation?
Project or Operation?
PMI
PMI- Project Management Insitute
PMI
PMI
PMP
Project Management Process Groups
Projects Derive Change
✔ Projects derive change in
organizations. For a business
perspective, a project is aimed
at moving an organization
from one state to another
state in order to achieve a
specific objective.
Projects Enable Business Value Creation
✔ PMI defines business value as the net quantifiable benefit
derived from a business endeavor. The benefit may be tangible,
intangible, or both.
✔ In business analysis, business value is considered the return, in
the form of elements such as time, money, goods, or intangible
in return for something exchanged.
Examples of tangible elements include: Examples of intangible elements include:
Monetary assets, Stockholder equity, Utility, Goodwill, Brand recognition, Public benefit,
Fixtuservres, Tools, and Market shares. Trademarks, Strategic alignment, and Reputation
Project Development Life Cycle
Projects Initiation Context
▪ Organizational Leaders
initiate projects in response
to factors acting upon their
organizations. There are four
fundamental categories for
these factors. Which
influence an organization’s
ongoing operations and
business strategies
Stakeholders Expectation
The Importance of Project Management
▪ Project Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools,
and techniques to project activities to meet the project
requirements.
▪ Project Management is accomplished through the appropriate
application and integration of the project management processes
identified for the project.
▪ Project management enables organizations to execute projects
effectively and efficiently.
Effective Project Management
▪ Project Management helps individuals, groups, and public and
private organizations to:
✔ Meet business objectives;
✔ Satisfy stakeholder expectations;
✔ Be more predicable;
✔ Increase chances of success;
✔ Deliver the right products at the right time;
✔ Resolve problems and issues;
✔ Respond to risks in a timely manner;
✔ Optimize the use of organizational resources;
✔ Identify, recover, or terminate failing projects;
✔ Manage constraints (e.g., scope, quality, schedule, costs, resources)
✔ Balance the influence of constraints on the project (e.g., increased scope may cost
or schedule); and
✔ Manage change in a better manner.
 Trying to manage a
project without project
management is like
trying to play a
football game without
a game plan.

K. Tate
Projects and strategic planning

Strategic Considerations
• Market Demand
• Business need
• Customer request
• Technological advancement
• Legal requirements
• ??
 General Project Characteristics
Initiated, Planned,
Constrained by limited
Performed by people – Executed, Monitored &
resources – time, cost,
persons & organizations Controlled and then
people etc.
Closed

Achieve organization’s Socio Economic Projects within Project

strategic plan environmental impacts (sub-projects)

Progressively elaborated
• Progressively means ‘step-
by-step’
• Elaborated means ‘to work
out with care the details’.