Practical Alignment of teeth and occlusion 1

1st picture
Alignment of teeth

1. Describe factors that determine the alignment of teeth in the dentition.

Factors that determine the alignment of teeth is firstly, the sequence of tooth bud
formation and eruption pattern, this is determine by the sequence of deciduous tooth
to erupt, where the eruption of primary molars can determine the vertical height,
intercuspation, anteroposterior relationship and the buccal-lingual relationship. and
Next, the facial development, by formation of diastema, spaces between the primary
teeth and primate space for better eruption and alignment of the permanent teeth.

2. State the angulation of maxillary central incisor tooth.

Distally and labially

3. State the angulation of maxillary lateral incisor tooth.

Distally and labially

4. State the angulation of maxillary canine tooth

Mesially and labially

5. State the angulation of maxillary first premolar tooth.

Mesially and buccally

6. State the angulation of maxillary second premolar tooth.

Mesially and buccally

7. State the angulation of maxillary first molar tooth.

Mesially and buccally

8. State the angulation of maxillary second molar tooth.

Mesially and buccally

9. State the angulation of maxillary third molar tooth.

Distally and buccally

10.State the angulation of mandibular central incisor tooth.

Mesially and labially
 11.State the angulation of mandibular lateral incisor tooth.
Upright

12.State the angulation of mandibular canine tooth.

Mesially and labially

13.State the angulation of mandibular first premolar tooth.

Mesially and lingually

14.State the angulation of mandibular first premolar tooth.

Mesially and buccally

15.State the angulation of mandibular first molar tooth.

Mesially and lingually

16.State the angulation of mandibular second molar tooth.

Mesially and lingually

17.State the angulation of mandibular third molar tooth.

Mesially and lingually

2nd picture

1) Describe the how the occlusal plane is formed and why it is curved?
Occlusal plane is formed by the imaginary line from the buccal cusps of
posterior teeth to the incisal edge of the anterior teeth and it has
continuation to the opposite side of the arch. It is curved due to different
angulation of the teeth.

3rd picture
 1) Describe the Curve of Spee
Curve of Spee is an anteroposterior curvature that is formed by an
imaginary line that extends from the tip of mandibular canine and along
the buccal tip of the posterior teeth of mandible.

4th picture

1) Describe the Curve of Wilson

Curve of Wilson is an imaginary line that extends from the buccal and lingual tips of the
same teeth on each side of the mandibular arch and can be seen clearly at the view from
norma occipitalis, from there we can observed the maxillary teeth inclined buccally
meanwhile the mandibular teeth inclined lingually.

5th picture
Intra-arch teeth misalignment 

1) Explain difficulties or complications due to misaligned teeth.

Excessice tooth wear, crossbite, overbite, teeth fractures and the muscle
discomfort.

2) Explain possible reason for misaligned mandibular second premolar.

Formation of large Leeway space due to early teeth loss of deciduous
molars. Hence, the second premolars may undergo mesial drifts or tipping.

6th picture
Maxillary arch and Mandibular arch

1) Name the blue dotted cusps. Where are they located?

Working centric cusps, it is located in lingual cusps of the maxillary teeth
and buccal cusps of mandibular teeth.

2) Name the red dotted cusps. Where are they located?

Balancing cusps, it is located in buccal cusps of the maxillary teeth and
lingual cusps of mandibular teeth.
7th picture
Maximum intercuspation

1) Define maximum intercuspation. Include tooth contacts between opposing

arches in your answer.
Maximum intercuspation is the relationship between the maxillary teeth
and the mandibular teeth that produce maximum contact between their
occlusal surface. It occur as there is maximal occlusion or contact between
the working cusps and the flat surfaces of the opposing teeth. For
example, Lingual cusps of maxillary teeth and the marginal ridge or the
groove of the central fossa of mandibular teeth.

2) Define centric relation. Include tooth contacts between opposing

arches in your answer. 
Centric relation is when the mandible is in the most retruded position. In
this position the mandibular condyle is at the most superior to the
posterior part of the mandibular fossa. In dentate individual, it is rare to
have centric relation. Centric relation is repeatable and recordable hence
used for designing full denture with appropriate occlusion for edentulous
individuals.

3) Define centric occlusion.

Centric occlusion is occur as the mandible is in retruded position and there
is maximum contact between the working cusps and the flat surfaces
between the maxilla and the mandible.

4) Describe ideal and normal occlusion.

Ideal and normal occlusion occur as there is no missalingment of teeth, for
example, crowding and impaction. The midline is coincidence.Next, the
overjet is about 1-3 mm. Correct angulation of maxillary teeth and
mandibular teeth, presence of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson, class 1
relationship of molars, incisors and canine. Lastly, as the teeth occluded
there are less amount of interference

8th picture
Angle classification of malocclusions

1) Identify and define the type of malocclusion.

Angle’s type I, the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar aligned
directly over the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar, the
maxillary canine occludes with the distal half of the mandibular canine
and the mesial half first premolar.

2) Identify and define the type of malocclusion B including its variation. 

Angle’s type II, the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is
mesial to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar. It can be
divided into class I division, where the anterior teeth are protruded while
class II division, where the central incisors are retroclined.

3) Identify and define the type of malocclusion C.  

Angle’s type III, the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar is distal to
the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar. Mandibular incisors are in
complete crossbite.

9th picture
Occlusal Relationships of Anterior Teeth

1) Describe the normal occlusion of anterior teeth.

Anterior maxillary teeth are labial to the mandibular anterior teeth, where
the anterior maxillary teeth overlap the mandibular anterior teeth almost
half the length of mandibular crown.

2) Name and define X. What is the normal values of X?

The horizontal overlap, overjet is about 1-3mm.

3) Name and define Y. What is the normal values of Y? 

The vertical overlap, the overbite is about 30-50 %.

10th picture
British Standard classification for incisor relationship

1) Identify and define the type of malocclusion A.

Class I, the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors occludes with the
cingulum plateau of the maxillary incisors.

2) Identify and define the type of malocclusion B.

Class II division 1, the mandibular incisal edge occluded posterior to
the cingulum plateau of the maxillary incisors and the maxillary
incisors proclined or normally inclined.

3) Identify and define the type of malocclusion C.

Class II division 2, the mandibular incisal edge occluded posterior to
the cingulum plateau of the maxillary incisors and the maxillary
incisors are retroclined.

4) Identify and define the type of malocclusion D

Class III, the incisal edge of mandibular incisors occluded anterior to
the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors

11th pictures
Inter-arch teeth misalignment
 Name and define
this misalignment Name this
misalignment
Crossbite, the maxillary
second premolars Openbite, the occlusal
inclined lingually. surface of upper tooth

Name this
Name and define this
misalignment
misalignment
Name and define this
Overjet misalignment Angle’s class III,
mesiobuccal cusp of
Overjet, the tooth inclined maxillary first molar is
buccally as the horizontal distal to buccal groove of
overlap of the tooth is more mandibular first molar
than 3 mm

Name and define this

misalignment/malocclusion

Anterior open bite, occurs when

there is no incisor contact and no
incisor overbite. It may be caused by
thumb-sucking habits, abnormal
swallowing patterns or skeletal
anomalies.

12th picture
 Consequences of missing tooth

State movement of this tooth due to the loss of

Tooth X. 
Super eruption

State movement of this tooth due to

State movement of this tooth due
the loss of Tooth X. 
to the loss of Tooth X. 
Tipping Mesial drift