Sheet 5

Qasim Mahmood
January 2021

1 Problems
Q1. Jacobian
(i) u = x +y ; v = y/x

 
∂(u, v)  ∂u ∂u 
=  ∂x
∂v
∂y 
∂v 
∂(x, y)  ∂x ∂y 
 
∂(u, v)  1 1 
= y 1
∂(x, y) − x2 x

∂(u, v) 1 y
= + 2
∂(x, y) x x
∂(u, v) x+y
=
∂(x, y) x2
Solving for x and y in terms of u and v yields
u uv
x = v−1 , y = v+1

 ∂x ∂x 

∂(x, y)  ∂u ∂v 
= ∂y ∂y 
∂(u, v)  ∂u ∂v

 
1 u
∂(x, y)  v+1 − (v+1) 
2
= v u
∂(u, v)  v+1

(v+1)2


∂(x, y) u
= 2
∂(u, v) (v + 1)

∂(x, y) x2
=
∂(u, v) x+y

1
 Thus
∂(u, v) ∂(x, y)
=1
∂(x, y) ∂(u, v)

Q.E.D
x2 y2
(ii) u = y , v= x

 2

∂(u, v)  2x − xy2 
=  y2
∂(x, y)  y 2 2y 

x x

∂(u, v)
=3
∂(x, y)

Solving for x and y in terms of u and v yields

1/3 uv
x = u v2 , y = v+1

 2v u

∂(x, y)  3 (u v2 )1/3 
3 (u v 2 )1/3 
= 2
∂(x, y)  3 (u vv2 )2/3 2uv 
3 (u v 2 )2/3


∂(x, y) 1
=
∂(x, y) 3

Thus

∂(u, v) ∂(x, y)
=1
∂(x, y) ∂(u, v)