Guided

Noteboo
k in
GED10
Task List
2
W e e k 4 l e s s
mathematics. The lessons aims to develop the skills

(Mathe and the requisite knowledge for more practical

approaches to real-life problems with emphasis on
logical reasoning and well thought-out solutions.

matics Keep track of your progress in this lesson by

checking the box corresponding to each task.

_____ 1. Read/Watch Module 2 Introduction

in the _____ 2. Read/Watch Module 2 lesson 1

Modern
_____ 3. Work our HW 2.1

World)
_____ 4. Read/Watch Module 2 Lesson 2

_____ 5. Read Watch/Module 2 Lesson 3

_____ 6. Work out HW 2.2

_____ 7. Submit WGN Week 4.

Lesson 1. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Highlights

A. Explain the inductive approach of mathematical inference.

-Inductive reasoning uses concrete observations and situations to construct a

general theory. It typically has a flow of observations, then the pattern is
examined, then a hypothesis is made, and the general theory is established.

- An inductive inference is a logical inference that, given the validity of its

premises, is not definitely valid. An inductive inference is one where the conclusions
might be valid, but the conclusion is incorrect.

B. Give an example of a situation where inductive reasoning is applied.

 - It is often advantageous to take time to study comments from previous
clients. In addition to a good customer review, you can share with potential
customers, it can also warn you of any concerns that might be faced by past
customers.

C. Explain the deductive approach of mathematical inference.

-Deductive inferences tend to draw concrete conclusions from general rules

and, generally, inductive inferences draw general rules from individual cases.

-Deductive reasoning often begins with a hypothesis and then, from it, produces
concrete observations and cases. It typically has the flow of the theory's
interpretation, establishing the hypothesis, creating observations, then verifying
the observations.

D. Give an example of a situation where deductive reasoning is applied

-All teachers are nice. Ms. Ella is a teacher. Therefore, Ms. Ella is nice.
-All Dancers are thin. Khloe is a dancer. Therefore, Khloe is thin.

(References: What Is Inductive Inference? (with picture) (wise-geek.com) // Deductive Reasoning:

Definition and Examples | Indeed.com )

Answer Week HW 2.1

Lesson 2. Tower of Hanoi Problem

Highlights

A. State the Tower of Hanoi Problem.

- The Hanoi Tower is a mathematical puzzle involving three vertical pegs and a
series of disks with holes in their centers of varying sizes. It also consists of
three rods, which can slide on any rod, and a variety of disks of various
 sizes. The puzzle begins with the disks on one rod, the smallest at the top, in
a tidy stack in ascending order of size, creating a conical shape.

B. At least how many moves are needed to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem with
4 chips, 5 chips and 6 chips?

For n disks, a total of 2n – 1 moves are required.

With 4 chips:
24 – 1 = 15 moves are required.
With 5 chips:
25 – 1 = 31 moves are required.
With 6 chips:
26 – 1 = 63 moves are required.
C. Give a generalized solution to the Tower of Hanoi problem.

Number of Disks (n) Number of Moves

1 21 - 1 = 2 - 1 = 1
2 22 - 1 = 4 - 1 = 3
3 23 - 1 = 8 - 1 = 7
4 24 - 1 = 16 - 1 = 15
5 25 - 1 = 32 - 1 = 31
- The formula for determining the number of steps needed for the move of n
disks from post A to post B is: 2^n - 1.

(Reference: Data Structure & Algorithms - Tower of Hanoi - Tutorialspoint)

Lesson 3. Problem-Solving Strategies

Highlights

A. Who is George Polya? What is his main contribution in Mathematics?

- George Pólya was arguably the 20th century's most influential mathematician.
He spans complex analysis, mathematical mechanics, probability theory,
 geometry, and combinatorics with his fundamental research contributions. He
was an instructor par excellence who, during his long career, held a keen
interest in pedagogical matters.
- He is regarded as the founder of solving modern problems. He also carried out
extensive research and published several mathematical articles and three problem
solving books.

(Reference: George Pólya (1887 - 1985) - Biography - MacTutor History of Mathematics (st-
andrews.ac.uk) )

B. Enumerate and describe the 4 phases of Polya’s method of solving a

problem.

Polya’s 4-Step Approach:

1) Understanding the Problem.

- You must understand the problem. What is the unknown? What are the data?
What is the condition? Is it possible to satisfy the condition? Is the condition
sufficient to determine the unknown? Or is it insufficient? Or redundant? Or
contradictory?
- Draw a figure. Introduce suitable notation.
- Separate the various parts of the condition. Can you write them down?

2.) Devising a Plan.

- Find the connection between the data and the unknown. You may be
obliged to
- consider auxiliary problems if an immediate connection cannot be found.
You should
- obtain eventually a plan of the solution.

3.) Carrying Out the Plan.

- Carry out your plan.

- Carrying out your plan of the solution, check each step. Can you see clearly
that the step is correct? Can you prove that it is correct?

4.) Looking Back.

- Examine the solution obtained.

- Can you check the result? Can you check the argument?
(Reference: K-2ProblemSolvers.pdf (unl.edu) )