Subject :Gynaecology &Reproductive Biotechnology(Practical)

Code:CLI-420

Submitted to:
Dr.Farhana Naznin Mitu
Asst.Lecturer
Department of Clinical
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Gono Bishwabidyalay

Submitted by:
Uttam Kumar Roy
Batch:1st
Roll:102
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Gono Bishwabidyalay
 Estrus detection in companion animal
Estrus:
Estrus or ‘heat’ is the period during the reproductive cycle, when
female animals become sexually receptive, signaling they are ready for
mating.

Companion animal means pet animal .eg: dog ,cat

Estrus detection of Bitch:

First estrus generally occurs when an unsprayed female dog is
between six and 24 months old.It tends to occur earilier for small-breed
dogs and later for large-breed dogs. Dogs have an average of two heat
cycles per years according to season, sunlight ,temperature.

Sign:
 Swollen vulva
 Bloody or straw- color discharge from the vulva.
 Receptive to male dogs
 Excessive licking of the genital area
 Agitated,nervous ,or aggressive behavior
 Urinating more frequently
 Change in tail position.
Methods of estrus detection in dog:

 Vaginal Cytology
 Vaginal Endoscopy
 LH assays
 Progesterone assay
 Ultrasonography
Vaginal cytology:
 Predominance of superficial cells
 At standing heat, abundance of Giant Anucleated Cells and few
Large Intermediate Epithelial Cells with clumping of cells and
presence of numerous sperm cells after mating.

Fig: Vaginal cytology in bitch.

Vaginal Endoscopy:
 Dense creamy or paper white mucosa with angulated shrinkage
during estrus.

Fig: Vaginal Endoscopy in bitch.

LH assays:
 Ideal in theory ,but timing the LH peak requires at least two blood
samples per day, and in most countries ,no commercial assays for
canine LH are available.

Progesterone assay:
 It is suggested that the plasma progesterone exceeds
2.0mg/mL(6.5 nmol/L) at the of the LH SURGE OR ON THE
following day.

Ultrasonography :
 Ultrasonographically, the follicular walls become thicker; around
1mm in width.
 Depending on the size of breed, the maximum size of the pre-
ovulatory follicles varies between 6 to 9 mm.

Fig: Ultrasonography in bitch.

Estrus detection of cat:
Cats have their first estrous cycle when they reach puberty .the estrous cycle is
better known as a cat’s heat cycle. On average, puberty, or sexual maturity,first
occurs in cats at about six months of age, but this can vary slightly by time of year.
Cats are seasonally polyestrous, which means that they have multiple cycles
during the breeding season.

Sign:
 Vaginal bleeding from a cat in heat,not common sign.
 Rubbing against their owners or objects such as furniture.
 Roll on the floor.
 Become vocal.
 They raise their rear quarters into the air
 Tread with the back legs.
 Change the behavior
 Annoying the owners.

Methods of estrus detection in Queen:

 Visual examination
 Vaginal cytology of an estrual queen reveals a predominance of cornified
epithelial cells with only scant amounts of background mucous.

Fig:Vaginal cytology in queen.