;+:yfkslk+ M k'ik/Tg ;fu/, k"0f{sfhL tfd|fsf/, /Tgdfg l;+ t'nfw/, s'n wd{/Tg t'nfw/
bF ^(, NofM #, Yo+NofM @^* g];+= !!#( t5nf÷lbNnf lj=;+= @)&^ cfiff9
;Nnfxsf/
k|f= do\h' k|]dzflGt t'nfw/
;~rfns ;ldlt
efh' k'ik lrqsf/
efh' ltns k|sfz
efh' gjLg lrqsf/
efh' k'ik/Tg t'nfw/
;Dkfbs tyf k|sfzs
do\h' ?lSdgL >]i7
sfo{sfl/0fL ;Dkfbs
efh' k"0f{ tfd|fsf/
do\h' k|]dlx/f t'nfw/
Joj:yfks lk+
efh' s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7
efh' ;'/]Gb| eQm >]i7
doh' ejfgL t'nfw/
sDKo'6/ 6fOk–n]cfp6
cfgGb /fpt
yfs"÷d'b|s
lxl; ckm;]6 lk|G6;{
hdn, ;]tf]9f]sf, o]F .
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(*$!#&@))%
d"= %).– tsf
US$ 2.00÷ef=?= %).–
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#) bF Gxoj lg;]+ lgis[o h'of Rj+u' o]+ b] of d+sf vnM y'u' bF; ;s[o
h'of Gx'u' Ho;gf k'r n+ ljlwk"js { sfg"lg dfg]tf g+ sfju' a'vF jn .
osf] bF lg;]+ lbgf Rj+u' ;+:yf xfg+ Gxon+ rfju'ln+ cfj g]jfn GXon'jfn
;sn]+ 5kF 5lws h'ofj GxofO wofu' g+ cfzf ofgf . cy] x] yf}+ g]jfM b]
ba" g+ g]kfn d08n of g]jfn dfq of 5u' ;+:yf vj . y'u' ;+:yf j d+sf
vnM lgu'ln ;+:yf of p2]Zo nf g]jfn ;dfhof b'g] GXofgf Rj+u' x/]s
Hof vF efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt cflb oft ;'yf+ nfsf ;+/If0f j ;Dj4{g
ofgf dfju' yf;] dfj sy+ GXofo]u' UjxfnL ofo]u' tft'gf hGd h'pu'
vj . yf}+ g]kfn d08nfof g]jfn to]u' k/+k/f lg;]+ GXofgf Rj+u' efiff, hs
dv' lGxy+ 5\onf a'nf h'of Rj+u' ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt, yf;, af;, b]uM, kmn],
hw',+ nf]xlx6L cflb P]ltxfl;s ;Dklt ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf GxFst] Gx'Gx'u'
zx/L ljsfz qmdof Hof SoFgf g]jfn oft xfYof laof xof Rjg .
yf}+ cflbjf;L g]jfn gfk+ g]kfn b]o+ f ljZj Dxl;sf h'of jof Rj+u'
k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf cflbjf;L g]jfn oft lj:yflkt ofo]u' nFk'
Hofgf xof Rj+u' b' . y'hf]nu' Hof oft d+sf vnM j g]jfM b] ba" g+ v+u'
bO . ps]+ y'u" ;+:yf to];+ Yj g]jfj of ;d:of oft u'u' sy+ Ho+su] ' < y'u'
;+:yf to;+ y'v] ofsg+ lbJo b[li6 cGt/dg+ lg;]+ jfn rfo]sf GXoHofo
dfn . Yj g]jfn ;Dkbf yf}+ lDxu hs bo]sf tju' dv' Kobf]n bF GXoj
lg;]+ k/+k/f GXofsf efiff ;flxTo j ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf oft Djfsf jof
Rj+u' vF xln+ Yjof Rj+u' -l;neLof n]le–g]jfn ;+:s[lt_ k|dfl0ft h'of
Rj+u' oft Djfsf to]u' g]jf d+sf vnM j b] bj" of g+ bfloTj hs dv'
st{Jo g vj . lgu'ln+ ;+:yf+ dfj sy+ knfv NXjgf GXoHofO{ wofu' cfzf
j en;f sof Rj+gf .
yf}+sGx] kl/jf/
;Dks{ sfof{noM !^% 8fFkm] dfu{ aa/dxn sf=d=g=kf= !!, kmf]gM %&)%!^$, df]afOnM (*$!*)&%%@
Od]nM thaunkanhe@yahoo.com, shrestharukmani@yahoo.com
;k"m w's" gfltah| ef]tflxlt o]F ltnsk|sfz Vjk–* Sjf5]F . kmf]g M ^^!@$!%
k'ik lrqsf/, lxl; ckm;]6 lkG6;{, hdn . df]= (*$!#&@))%
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 1
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x:tfIf/
/dfklt /fh zdf{ #

lrgfv+
k+hno\ O+lu|8 b] sf]s, b= clk|msf %
Djfo]u' nf]e ;xgf k|wfg %
xfOs' 5kf;M x]/f /Tg zfSo ^
lgk' Df'Qms ;l/tf t'nfw/ ^
xfOs' k|f=8f= jh|/fh zfSo &
n;s'; ;Todf]xgoft ltns k|sfz &
;+:s[t+ dlxgf j g]jfM nf of :jfk' nj sdf{rfo{ *
afv+
Hof -sd{_, efUo j a'l4 /fd]Zj/ e'h
" (
cfdfO{of rfGx] ldnfof hM dgb]jL tfd|fsf/ !)
UjMkmo\ gfkof xfYof df]ltnIdL zfSo !$
lx s'+u' Gofo cfgGb lrqsf/ !(
pan] DXofo\drf cfM ef}drf s]zjnfn sdf{rfo{ @$
Rjv+
cfo6g j cljBf af/] a'4 g]jfM @*
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a'v #%
v“UjM Dxl;s] #^
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/dfklt /fh zdf{

efiff y'jf /dfklt /fh zdf{ g]=;+= !)%! lrNnf uf % s'Gx' vf}df TjfM Vjo hGd h'of g]kfn efiff oft
b'jfnf efiff ;DaGwL b's'n'u' u|Gy j Rj;' t Rjof ljHofDx ljåfg n]vs v M .

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 3
 5u" cfHh', 5u" gf/f e|i6frf/kfv]+
5'6sf/f, emL ;sl;+u' cleef/f .

Pp6} p2]Zo, Pp6} gf/f e|i6frf/af6

5'6sf/f, xfdL ;a}sf] cleef/f .

g]kfn ;/sf/
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

4 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
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k+hno\
O+lu|8 b] sf]s
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blR5 5SjM aFtno\ b'ltg] lh,
lhld ca'of Hof :jo]t, cn] x'lt bo]st]
dt -6r{_ b'u' gFtk'ln, Dxf;'u' tkfMn+,
Xjfnf+Xjfnf+ Rj+u' tHhf nfsf+ -a'6_
k'g] w'gj] – k+hM lkof Rjg] .
æhf]g cf]/;{ o\ b'u' :jfGx] dv'Æ
;k{y+] :of// ;M jo]s yfxf+ jo]j
lhld ca'of kf;flk;+ VofM ofO . SjYogL
lvp+ b'g ] . XjfO+of RofMu' ldhn+ vO lhldt
h+hfn+ KofMu' km':n'O j plsof tMlhu' gSsln kmo\
b]ano\ tf/ j tf/+ -Sofan+_ sfqfss'qs ' ;M jO
tMd'un+ 5\ofgf Gxfo\k+ lkln u'Ss Uofgfk'u' emTsf+
k[YjLof by' lrl/afof jgL
ug+, lhlk+ d:to\;+ :o", vgLlk;+ 5Gx' n'OsL
bfl; jMu' Hjfnfd'lv rLg j xlndo\ b'u' km's n' F .
Sj;+ dg"t d5fM d5fM lGxlnO–
lhld dfd+ sgL–Old;+ yM d:t t+sn
lh no]tfof, drf dh'of 5Dx aFtno\ RjgLDx:of,
ldvf XofpFs Gxfo\k+ lkln u'Os
k+hno\ £of//£of// ;at jo]j+ u'kmf+ NXoof
Rjo\ Yog]j+ nf, 5kfM nf;f j 5u" wls+ hs
cn] go]u' Hjn+ SjfMu' Vjft'u' -nfof_ lt .
ckm]o{ ; j o'l/8fO;+ lhtM OQldQ s+sL lnkf
;'+ TjMtfM jgfRjg, cn] :jo]t lnkmM t'n,
;'+ d]Dx jgfRjg, Dx lr+lr+u' lvp+bg'  ] .


Djfo]u' nf]e
Djfo]u' nf]e+ sfsn bM
Djfo]u' nf]e+ yfsn bM .
afDx l;gf afDx sfgfM
dlbSs VjlawfM x'ofM .
lgefM lh+ ytM eflkof
jfM drfn jMu' ;GWof .
;xgf k|wfg
cl:tTj lh+ dfnfM h'of
O{ gfk gfk+ yM h'of .

Djfo]u' lh+ s'tM ofgfM n'Os] dk'm yMu' Hof]T;gf

Djfo]u' c7f]6 ofgfM . n'Os] dk'm yMu' cl:dtf .


yf}+sGx] no\kf} 5
lrgfv+

xfOs' 5kf;M
x]/f /Tg zfSo

! $ & !)
u'ln Ko]k'g] dg e|do\ nfM kf} j;f+ dUof ;f+ sfo]u' b'
KofMrf dn+ cem g+ cn] ldvf, Gxfo\k+ Gxfo\ Nof d:j nfMgL wsf Go+s ldvf Ajof :j
;F e'o' drfM oMu'ln tSo+ Too\sf yf/f Gx" rfno\ ofgf sf
@ % * !!
tM Sog] oM emL yf+ j+lk+ vF;f+ dfqf l5 d:o' dfsMrf+ y]+ lh+
e'lh+ sl:t tM So+y]+ Uof jM nF t:jfu'ln+ ;fMu' le+u' k'ms+ dfM UjfM UjfM d:t bo]sf
Nof+ j] dkm]s Sjo\ tufMu' ufM d]lkGt db' nXo' Xo'+ a'/f
# ^ ( !@
SjM afu' v+;f+ ck'u' dfM HjL GXrfyfo\ j+;f g+ efkL dkm}u'
emL jx] nFo\ jg] GXof+ s'tM ofo] d+ db' slt nfsf Rj+u' vF dg rL dkm}u' Njo\
lnkmM :j] d;M ug vM cg+ ;]jf efj xF ln 1f+ dbof .

lgk' Df'Qms
;l/tf t'nfw/
-lj/f6gu/_

g:jfM db'u' :jfF y]+ h'n lhGbuL
yf}+sGx] 5 dbof dlGxn lhGbuL
r}tof km;+ Ajo\sf og lhtM
rf+lGx VjofM VjofM l;wn lhGbuL .
lhtM 5+u' dltgf Ao";f u'ln Ho'
lh oMDx vM wfM;f u'ln Ho'
lhs] 5Gt wfo\dfu' oSj vF b'
5+ 5s lGxnf So+;f u'ln Ho' .


6 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
lrgfv+

k|f=8f= jh|/fh zfSo ltns k|sfz

xfOs' n;s'; ;Todf]xgoft

! g]kfMof x] d+sf uf}/j
5 oSsf] dfnf vM 5 w/f]x/ g]kfMof,
n'Os] k'mu' dv' ;flxTo, snf, cno\ ;+:s[ltof 5
5 db' vgL–! jfª\do k'¿if vM g]kfof,
@ g]kfM b]o\ x] 5+t :jof
Gxfo VjfM dv' n;s'; ofo] 5+t yg .
Gxfo ljgf VjfM db'
Vjfn] Gxfo b'–@ w/tL k'q g]kfMof vM 5
snf j ;+:s[ltof VjfMkf
# lxdhn y]+ x] lgd{n lgem{/
VjfMkf vg]b' cemg+ 5+s] Nofo\Dx knf
5u' 5u' of;f db'
dlt+ hs n"–# vM 5 ;Dkbf g]kfM df+of
n;s'; ofo] 5+t yg .
$
u'+of Rjsfo p;fo\ le+ h'of tfcfo' ts
jr"u' cfsfz vF Djfo\df cemg+ lhldu' leGt'gf,
dfM jgf dvF–$ cleefjs x] h'n y'u' o'uof
1fgk'~h co\, ;Todf]xg,
% zt hLjg ts xg] bof yg
w" jn Gofs
Dx 5Dx+ rMlt jn Yjx] tMw+u' cxf]efUo lhld .

:jof+nf db'–%
!!#( t5nfYj !$


yf}+sGx] no\kf} 7
lrgfv+
;+:s[t+ dlxgf j g]jfM nf
of :jfk'
sflt{s z'Sn s5nfYjof ltldnf,,
dfu{ s[i0f s5nfufof lvldnf .
dfu{ z'Sn ly+nfYjof ltldnf,
kf}if s[i0f ly+nfufof lvldnf .. -!_
kf}if z'Sn kf]x]nfYjof ltldnf,
df3 s[i0f kf]x]nfufof lvldnf .
df3 z'Sn l;NnfYjof ltldnf,
kmfNu'0f s[i0f l;Nnfufof lvldnf .. -@_
kmfNu''0f z'Sn lrNnfYjof ltldnf,
r}q s[i0f lrNnfufof lvldnf .
r}q z'Sn rf}nfYjof ltldnf,
a}zfv s[i0f rf}nfufof lvldnf .. -#_
a}zfv z'Sn a5nfYjof ltldnf,
Ho]i7 s[i0f a5nfufof lvldnf .
Ho]i7 z'Sn a5nfYjof ltldnf,
cfiff9 s[i0f a5nfufof lvldnf .. -$_
8 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
nj sdf{rfo{
cfiff9 z'Sn lbNnfYjof ldltnf,
>fj0f s[i0f lbNnfufof lvldnf .
>fu0f z'Sn u'FnfYjof ltldnf,
efb| s[i0f u'Fnfufof lvldnf .. -%_
efb| z'Sn `nfYjof ltldnf,
cflZjg s[i0f `nfufof lvldnf .
cflZjg z'Sn spnfYjof ltldnf,
sflt{s s[i0f spnfufof lvldnf .. -^_
clws z'Sn cgnfYjof ltldnf,
clws s[i0f cgnfufof lvldnf .
Ifo z'Sn Gx+nfYjof ltldnf,
Ifo s[i0f Gx+nfufof lvldnf .. -&_
Sjrfn
-Yjof Rj;+ clws wOu' cgnf :jbFof 5sM
Rj+jOu'
jof+ Sjo\of Ifo wOu' Ifodf; nl5 tgfRj+u'
lembF gLbF j kLv'bF kLGxo\bF kfSs Rj+jOu' ._

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Hof -sd{_, efUo j a'l4
u'O{+ :jDx dg"t yMyd+ yMtx] tw+ wsf
ts{ofgf Njfk'x] h'O{y]+ Rj+s vFNxfgf Rjg . Oldu'
vF GogfRj+Dx 5Dx 1fgL nFh'jf GXof]g] jn .
;sl;g+ 1fgL nFh'jf ofs] …lhlk+ :jDxvo\ bs]
cKjM ;' tw+ < l5+x] 5s woflb;F wsf wfnÚ .
1fgL nFh'jfg+ Oldu' kl/ro ˆjg .
OdL;+ yMu' kl/ro ljn !_ …lh sd{ -Hof_
vMÚ . @_ …lh efUo vMÚ . #_ …lh a'l4 vMÚ .
1fgL nFh'jfg+ wfn …l5slk+ :jDx]l;g+ yMyMu'
u'0ft 5jfM 5jfM -Ps Ps xKtf_ of b'g] yMyMd+x]
k|dfl0ft ofgf Sogf lb;F cn] ltlg+ lh+ wfo km}Ú .
:jDx]l;g+ 5Ssn+ GXo;M tn …uy] ofgf
k|dfl0ft ofo\u' n]Ú <
1fgL nFh'jf lGxoflGxy+ u'O{+ l;F sfMj}Dx . l;F
ldof g;f r'nfsf Rj+Dx . 5Dx dg'oft klt+g+
;'of Sog . …l5lk+ 5jfM 5jfM of nflu+ kfn+kfM
ofgf j dg'ofs] Dxo\ b'xfFjgf :j . cn] lhtM
gfknf jf . cn]ltgL+ lh+ k|dfl0ft ofo] km} .
Gxfkf sd{ -Hof_ b'xfF jg . j dg"g+ l;F
lgb'uF :jb'uF kfn] kmt . sf]laO{ kmSj sf]ljof
NoFb'u' u'OF;+ Tjtf jhf/o\ ldO{ o+sn . NoFb'u'
xfg+ ldO{ o+s] wsf sfMj+an] km'Ss+ v'of o+s] w'+s]
nfsn . GxofAn]+ yy]x] hs h'n .
5jfM lnkf efUo b'xfF jg . efUo b'xfF jg]
;fy+x] j l;F ldO{Dx dg"oft lryf+ nft . u'O{+ l;F
sfMdj+;]+ lryf+ nfu' lwjfof df]h dl:t oft .
/fd]Zj/ e'h"
5jfM of b'g]x] lryf+nfu' lwjf km'Ss+ P]nf TjgfM
af/df;] lDxtfM km'sn .
lnkf j dg'ofs] a'l4 b'xfF jg . j dg"g+ 5u'
vMrf -uf8f_ bo]sn . kf lgk' bo]sn . l;F lgb'u+
:jb'u+ kfn] kmt . vMrfo\ tof ahf/o\ ldO{o+s]
kmt . cfDbfgLg+ lgb'u+ :jb'u+ cKjM h'n . vr{
ofgfg+ lwjf cKjM NoFbt . :jjfM -tLg xKtf_
lnkf :jDx+ 1fgL nFh'jf ofyfo\ jof km};nf
GoFjn .
1fgL nFh'jfg+ wfn …lh+ :jo\an] nf l5slk+
:jDx+ py]+x] tw+ plts+x] dxfg . 5fo\wf;f, -Hof+_
sd{ dofs+ efUo b}dv'  . efUo d+t wfM;f GXofSj
b'Mv :o';f+ ;'v h'O dv' . sd{ j efUo ldn]h';f
hs+ ;'vof cg'e"lt ofo] vlg . ;'vof cg'e"lt
ofo] vF;fhs+ afFafFnfu' a'l4 n'of jO{ .
sd{ -Hof_ dof;]+ efUoof en;f+ hs+ ;'+ x]
;'yf+nfO dv' . GXofu'g+ Hof ofo]t a'l4 5\ono\x]
dfM . cy] h"u'ln+ l5slk;+ ;' tMw+ < ;' lrw+ <
wsf 3d08 ofo] dHo" . l5slk+ :jDx]l;u'+ dxTj
l5slk+ ldn]h'of Rj+tn] hs b} . 1fgL nFh'jfof
vF :jDx]l;u' g'uno\ lyn . :jDx+ lrt a'em] h'of
kflrgf jg . :jDx]l;g+ yMyMu' dg+ dg+ wfn
æstMof d" dy'O{s';]+ yMt yd+ tw+ eflkof 3d08
ofgf Rjg]u' tw+u' c1fgtf vM .

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 9
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cfdfO{of rfGx] ldnfof hM
æyf} zlgaf/ s'g' ug jg] Togfu' l5lk+ <
l5ld ttf gfO6 8Ø"lt b' NofxfF jo\ kmOdv'
xF . :jDx :jDx DXofo\lk+ bofg lh ofsMrf
x] Rjg]dfMÆ zf]ef+ lbSs rfMu' ;n+ DXofolk+t
Gjft .
æljbf h"u'ln+ s]x]+lrt 5sM rfMlxsf
xo]Togfu' df+ lGxlR5 Ajg] w'+sn . d]ano\ :s'n
jg]dfM . ug+ jg]t O{ b'u' dv' joft g+ DxfOk'
h'Olg . dv'+nf df+ <Æ Dxofo\ /Tg+ gfOs ln;M
ljofM lgDx ttfs]x]F 5];+ lkg]+ knfM Gxofsn .
DXofo\lk+ lgDx Kofxfj+u' :jof zf]ef n'vfof
vfkf ltgf åfxfFjn . e't"Hof TjMtf d]u' 5'F Hof
dofs':o] ;';fMs';fM ofgf tMDx :jDx Dxofo\lk+lg
df+ zf]ef .
zf]efof :jDx+ Dxofo\lk+ 5Dx y] 5Dx
t;s+ 1flg d]xglt, enfbld, h"u'ln+ Tjfno
GXofDx]l;of yM d:to\t Gjfo\ dfnls æzf]efof
d:t y]+ h'O kmo]so]dfM l5lk+g . lx/f, /Tg, df]lt
:jDx+ x] u'ln hs le+lk+ d:t < lzn :jefj
:jM;f plts+ jfFnf . cGofMlk+ d:t nf Gx]Mu'
Tjfno dfMjF;f bOdv' y]+ RjF .Æ æzf]ef Û 5+ uy]
hs ofgf Dxofolk+t 5onfM plt Uo+s Ajn+sfu'
jÆ ;'gfg Golgjno\ zf]efof Vjfno ltldnfof
hM hfFlyof jOu' .
10 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
dgb]jL tfd|fsf/
:jDx o+s Dxofo\ of Dxofo\ a"ano dfh'
afh' efMt j 5]+of hMlk; zf]efoft x]jfo
rjfo\hs ofOu' dv':o] 5Dx ck/flw x] vMnf
w}y] efMlkof Rjg . x]Ko] ofo]u' g+ 5u' nfuf bOlg
Dxofo\lk+ drfjno\ erf xfs'VjfM h"u'ln+ chf
clhlk;F b'FO{rf, :of}rf j b'l;+rf wsf gfF 5'gf
ljn . vF n'd+n'd+x] yf}ts g+ g'uno\ lrMdNtfof
s'+ ygf tOu' y]+ Rj+lgu' zf]efoft . cfdfO{ w'+sf
k'lGx cj:o jO{ wsf zf]efof DxFu;o\g+ vFs]dk'm .
VjLMbF db'lgDx h';f+ Gx]MbF kmMlxNo] w'+s'Dx y]+
a'lx| vg], b'Dx zf]ef cfdfnL r'+r' Kofgf jfls
blgu' rfDklt y]+ Sj]+j 5o]+u" hs b'u' jof VjfM .
oMl;+ Bf]y]+ ofGtfË Rj+u' jof DxF . sfo\ j'Os]
dk'mu'ln+ 5]+of hMlk;+ j eft+ sfutL y]+ ltl:;M
lhSj lt;Lgf jfF5jof xMu' sfult Vjnf y]+
lkltgf xMDx zf]ef . e't" Hof l;woj+ Tofg'n+s]t
5'F eltrf O{ Bg] wsf ˆjFufo\ 5of] hs 5' lbsn
nf]vfo 306L Gofo]s'u' ;M tfo]bt .
æDxofo\lk+ nf ofsg+ x] NofxfF jn sfÆ wsf
notf Vjfn+ vfkf rfosM jg . nf]vf rfos]j+
zf]ef ujfotts emjftf h'of Rjg . g;{ hflu/
gof RjFDx tMlwDx Dxofo\ lx/fof gfk+ lgDxDofo\lk+
/Tg j df]ltof No"F 5Dx j'x|fDx dg", 5of]+ sf]5'gf
bgf Rj+u' vg . Sj]+sflny] Rj+u' jof DxF . Ujfo\
bfx|L ;F tMtM xfs h'of lhl/Ë Rj+u' jof 5of]+ .
Xjfunf kmfËnf Rj+u' j;M :jojno\g+ gsltlg
x] hs Gofgf k'Fsf xMu' y] RjF .
ldh+t ;'F db'u' 5]o+ \ DxF:o"lg tf:o' :jojno\g+
NjluDx j'xf| oft 5]o+ \ b't xMu' vgfM u'jn]+ tF drfODx
zf]ef DXofo\lk+ gfk+ tF rfn . tF KofxfF jM;f+ zf]efof
Dx't+" ;M lkdHj j j'xf| Dx dg" 5fo\ 5]oF \ Ajgf xOu'
< j ;' vM< w}u' ch'ult rfMu' GXo;M hs zf]efof
g'uno\ jfNn ONn ldgf Rjg .
zf]ef c+uM y]+ bgf Tj+n+x g+ GXof];"jMDx y]+
:jof hs Rj+Dx df+oft vgfM DXofo\lk;+ y'Osn
dfg+ j dg"oft DxF d:o"u' x] vM wsf . DXofo\lk;+
df+oft xyf;+ vF sg]tg+ Uofgf Rjg . c:ktfno
g;{ hflu/ gof Rj+Dx tMlwDx Dxofo\ lx/f+ j'n'x'F
vF 5't– ædf+ Û j j'x|fDx dg"oft lh+ Hof ofo]u'
c:ktfno\ lb3{ kfh'F Konf Gofnf Gxof] egf{ ofo\
xMu' vM . joft l6aL Njr+ sof dg" x] h'Onf
dh'O{nf w}y] Rj+Dx]l;t lb3{kfh'F c:ktfno\ xof
egf{ ofgfljn . jof snfM j sfo\ g+ Njo\ k'lg+
wsf 5]Fof bnfg+ x] ytdsfM xF . Yj dg" l5ldg+
yM nfM . l5ld afof ufFdo\ Rj+Dx x] vM jfFnfs
ljrfofgfJo" Gx} wfMu'ln+ lh zlgjf/ j d]d]u' ljbf
b';f+ c:ktfn jgf ljrfM ofM jgf Rjgf . lb3{
kfh'of 5]+ g+ afMlklgu' ufdo\ wfMu' dv'nf < emLt
Gxofjn]+ Ujfxfln ofgf Rj+Dx lb3{ kfh'F wf;]+nL
ofo x] dfnlg dv'nf df+ < zf]ef+ Dxofo\ofu' vF
Gogf hs Rjg . 5'F ln;M ljO k"mu' dv'  . yM eft+
d]Dx snfM Olxkf ofgf sfo\ 5Dx g+ bt wfMu'
lb3{ x] sgf tMu' vF zf]efof GXok'O{ uF yfn .
tDjM wfo\nf afWotf+ wfo yM d:t AjnFln:o]
jf}of vF Gog] ;Mjno\ æl5ldafM pjn] x] dGt
u'jn] l5lk yg ;x/] jnÆ wsf ln;M ljofu' g+
zf]efof g'uno\ gsltlg x] ld+ dnM sMu' y] h'n .
DXofo\ lx/f+ yMu' vF :jfgfg'+ o+sn æjf;n+
Njo sf]nfgfM jMln;] j j'x|fDx+ lht t'+s :jofM
ldvfo Vjlj hfosf xO{u'  . :jojno\ g+ 5'F g+ 5'
Hof :o+sfM åFsfM k|folZrt ofgf Rj+Dx dg" y]+ .
5Gx' lhtM t;s+ ch'ult rfos j j'/fDx GXo;M
oft æg;{ gfgL . 5+ lgDx s]x]Flk+ j df+ b' vnf <
l5ld df+ Dx x] k'm dvf < 5+ lgDx s]x]Flklgu' VjfM
5sM lhtM Sog] xlh lGx+ < j+ emLklt+ Ko]k'sfM Hj
Hjnkf of;] VjFVj+ wfn. tfMO{ ts nfF nfF ;';fM
ofgf Rjgfu'ln vMnf < yM jf} db'u'ln+ vMnf <
jf emLyfo ufdo\ ofDx dg" wfMu'ln+ vM . lhtM g+
j j'x|fDx]l;t+ t;s+ dfof jg . s]x]+lk+ gfk nfSo
o+sf anog+ j oSsf] Vjn . ælhlk+ vg ls 5fo
Vjou' < l5 ;' wsf u'ln Gogf ÛÆ l5ld lb3{
kfh'ofs] Gogf :jMÆ y'ln x] ln;M j+ ljn . yf}
c:ktfn+ l8:rfh{ ofMu'ln+ ufdo jg] Gxof] 5sM
df+g DxF :o"nf Gog]t DxfF wfos Ajgf xO{u' .
DXofo\ofu' vF Gogf jFln:o] zf]ef j'x|fDx]l;u'
VjfM t'+s :j:j+x] lhl/Ë Rj+u' jof ;M Vjfn+ lrnf
j+ y] Rjg . t'Fy] ufM j+u' jof Go]tf nf lx hfof
x[i6 Kj:tu' VjfM n'of jn . zf]ef 5s d" xfn .
UofSs Dxu;o\ vgf yfx|f Gx'Dxy]+ h'n . ld+ k'gf
g+ Xo]+UjfM h'O{ w'+s'Dx zf]efof ldvfo\ Yo+ dYo+
:jL GofbF dofs+ Gxof]ofu' ctLtof n" Gxof]g]+
Gxof]g]+ rfrfM x"jn .
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 11
 :jLMGofbF dofSs GXof] zf]ef 5Dx 5'F x]
d:o"Dx ufdfFlg ld;f w}u' n'dgf jnls yM x]
kTof h'O{ yfs'  . ufFof l/tsy+ zf]efoft lemGofbF
x] k"M djlg ano\ y'u' ufd+ g+ jfwf}lt Gofl;jg]
dfMu' ufdo\ RjFDx :jLGofbF b'Dx ldh+ gfk OlxkfM
ofgf dfFjf g+ dfh'jf h'lk+ gfk lnsf 5\jn .
emL+GofbFof j};of O{no\ lt;f j;M
g+ 5fokL bofM no\no\ tftf+ dfh' jfMh'lk+
5]+of hMlk+ gfk+ GXofs\j Gofl; jF;f zf]ef
Tofg'drfM . zf]ef+ d:o' jof knfM u'ln Gxoft
pln x] jof t'lt Wjko b'gf jgf Rj+u' b' wsf  .
ufdo Yo+;flg;] edrfof Hofsy+ ;'r's'r'
ofo\u', hfy's]+u' hs ofou' dv' ;f Do] b's'
Rjnorfto\u' uMOu' jg], wfFo nM jg]u', jfwf}
g+ dofSs Gof;Ljgf nM NxoMjg]u' k'mSs Hof
zf]efof 5ogo sf]lrt . df+jf} n'd+sf Vj+Vj+
Hof ofgfu' n'dgf jn ls yf}tsg+ zf]efof
ldvf+ Vjlj ltls ggLu' .
blR5lnkf lem+v'bF b'jno\ zf]ef drfof df+
h'n . Dxofo\ j'Osn w}y]+ 5]+of hMlklg, eft of
VjfMkfM xf;f kfMy]+ h'n . TjxM db' TjxM lrgf Hof
s'F lvgf AjMljof Njfk' ofOu' . efMtof Vjfno
Gxofjn] xfs' ;'kfoF . rfGx] wfM;f g/kz'y]+
lGxlR5of Hof+ Tofg' j yfs' w}u' 5'+ Ro"tfM db' .
lgbF lnkf zf]ef xfsg lgu" Ho" h'n . Kjfyo\
b'u' :o";f+lg;]+ æy'u'l;O g+ Dxofo\ j'n wfM;f 5]+o
Rjgf go] ufO{Æ w'Rrfklts+ Go+sLu' . 5' dof]
wfn j x] h'n . y'u;L g+ Dxofo\ x] j'n . Oldt
nf TjxM b x] bt . drfj" Ho"jo\ gs] Tj]s+ dfM
12 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
w}u' nf Oldu' g'uno lx x] db' . a+z Gxofs]t
sfo\ a'Os] dk'mDx w}y]+ xfdf]oft kxf8 bosf
lgslt lgslt vFog+ eft+ bfou' ofgf xn . yM5]
jg] wof æplndl5 bf k'msf OlxkfM ofgf xofu'
sfo\ 5Dx dj" tno\ ug jg] bO d'v' xF . dfh'
afMh' efMt+ Jo"u' ld+ Jjfnf+ k'sfM zf]ef ;LM DjfM
of bYjLO{ oUufgf Rjg .
zf]ef 5Dx ld;f dv', dg", dv', sfo\
j'Os]u' d]l;g Gofgf xMu' efMlkof Rjg 5]+of
dg"to;+ . b'?Tj+drf blR5 x] ltlgbt zf]efof
ue{o\ xfg+ drf bt . GxofSsf] ue{o b';f df+ g+
hGdhs ljOu' vM . j'FVofrf y]+ ;'F Hofgf lwsog+
e'gf ue{o :jyg] Ho"u' dv' . ;'ofu' ;x|f xfo\y]+
y'u;L g+ Dxofo\x] j'n . cn]nf 5' dflg Oldt
< Ho'hs Ho";f zf]efoft 5\jfnL KjfMy] Rofsf
5jo\df:t]jM Oldt . 5Gx' cfdfO{of rfGx] ufFof
dg"to;+ dv+lgjno\ rfGx] x] :jDx Dxofolk+ gfk+
zf]efoft lktgf xn .
:jDx d:tot kl;{Rjt+ e't' e'gf n'vflkg];+
rf 5\jn . ;'y Gxfkf yM5]+ x] jg] wsf :jDx
d:tot Gxof]g] No"g] kf5fof zf]ef 5]g+ KofxfF
jn. KofxfF djgf g+ 5'ofo\ < lGxof lGxy+ s;fM
kmou' jof zlQm x] dGt . ufFof k'msL bfO{+ wfo\
dfDx lb3{bfO{ nFo gfknfMu'ln+ zf]ef+ k'mSs vF
Kj+sn . yM s]x]+ x] efMlkof lb3{ bfO{g+ yM5]Fo\
d5\j;] sf7df08f}no yMu' jfn+ Sjyfo Jjgf
xn .
sf7df08f}of jfn+ Sjyfo Oldt tof lb3{
bfO{ kf;flklgu' jfn+ Sjyfo\ jg . sGx] v'g'+lg;]+
u'? åf/of j'x|fj'xLtot ;';fM ofou' Hofo\
tofljn . lt5'dfM y] jF jFyfo :jDx d:t No'No'
tof HofofMu' :jodkmof j'x|fj'x|L ;';f s';fM
ofo]yfox] gou' Tjg]u' j Rjg]u' yfo g+ u'?
åf/of wd{ b'lk+ dg"to;+ ldn]oofgf ljn . d:t
Jjngf jMln;] w]jf k'No Djfos ;/sf/L :s"nog+
tofljn . AjF;f dJj;f+ Kowf} Gofwf}nf d:t w'Ss+
to\ yfobt wofy]+ zf]efof g'uno\ j'n'x'F g+ :jfF
Xjn . t/ d:t 1flgh'of yf} ts Gxofjn]+ Gxfk
x] h'of Jjgf x] Rjg . cltt of ;d'b|o b'Jjfgf
Rj+Dx zf]ef jt{dfgo\ KofFx]jo nf]d+sf df+ g+ 5'
x] Gjdjf;] Tjn+ j'x|fDxl;t hs :jof Rj+Dx dfF
vgfM Dxofo\lk+ yfx|f Gx'n . DXo\ lulnluln ofgfM
df+ Û df+ Û 5Gt 5' h'n < 5fo\ Gjdjf;] Rjgfu' <
j a'x|fDx]l;t DxF :o"u' vMnf < .
zf]ef+ Dxofo\lkGt k'mSs vF sg]dk'm;f+ y'ln
;M lkHjosn ævM d:t Û joft jfFnfs x]
Dxl;n . :jDxo+s Dxofo\of+ DXofo\ j'Osf sfo\
j'Os]dk'mDx cjnf ld;fof efMt vM j . l;O
ToFDx dg"oft ;';fM s';fM ofgf Djfs'lk+ :jDx
DXofo\of+ jf} vM j j'x|fDx .Æ
Oldu' Sjyfo\ cfdfO{of Vo'g+ jF Onf Jo"u'
vMls cfdfO{ w'+sf ldnfof hM Xjnf Jo"u' vM
DXofo\lk;+ y'O{sf sfo\ dk'mt . :jDx DXofo\lk+;+
j'x|fa'x|Ltot lg:tJw h'of :jof Rjg . a'x|fDx
tf;'VjfFo h'of Gogf Rjg .

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 13
afv+
UjMkmo\ gfkof xfYof
æafn k|ltefÆ gf+ofu' klqsfof GxfkfFu'
kfgf
æån+ åM drfKofvFld laBfyL{lk+ dWoo\
g]kfMof 5Dx ld;fdrf æk|ltefÆ w}u'
lzif{so\ b]jLKofvF x'nfRj+u' lskf ;d]tof
;dfrf/ vg];ftls+ lhu' n;tfof rfsM
ckforfM ykfo\rfM x] wfo\ dkmos eolagf
jg . æcGt/fli6«o afn 8fG; k|ltof]lutfÆ
w]+w]+ aNnf sf;fo\ Ajlt sfot 5\jMDx .
lh+ Gxfkf+ Aj+sfu' lhu' Ajg]s'lyofDx drf
h'ofRjg æk|ltefÆ . vg] ;ftls+ lh+ j
drfoft Dxl;n . g'uM ONn a'ofan . n;tf+
ldvf g+ nnM wfofjn . cxf] Û ykfolhu'
w]+w]+ aNnfsf;fo\ g]kfMofDx ld;f drf
Gxfk\nfMu' ÛÛ uj{+ lhu' 5flt k'mno\ h'n .
;dfrf/of y'u' kf} ‰j vg];ftls+ lh+
d]u'd] kf} ‰j 5'+ Ajgf d;f];]+ xyf;+ lh tn]+
s'g], s'g]+ tno\ yfxf+ Sjf+xf+ h'ofM lhld 5]+hMlk+
;sl;t+, Ejfl; rfrf+ drfof lskf Sof]+
h'of . kf;flkGt g+ kmf]g ofof+ Go+sf 5\jof .
æ5' tfMn+ hs Ejfl;rfof h"u' NofM Yj yf}+ .
chfMDx drf 5Dx]l;u' lskf :jofM vfMk===Æ
wsfM luho\ ofo\s ofo\s x] lh no\tfof h'of .
wfTy]+nf lhu' Yj notfMlhldu' Ajg]s'lyofDx
14 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
df]ltnIdL zfSo
drf k|ltefof k|ltef vgf hs dv' . lhu'
Yj notfMnf pDx drfof df+ofu' hLjg ;+3if{
k|fKt h"u' ;kmntf k|flKt vgfM vM lhu' Yj
no\tf, puM Kjfsno\ tofM n'l;+ emjf+ emjf+
Rjfsf Rj+Dx 5Dx ld;fof cfTdljZjf;+ Tofsf
sfMu' ;Gdfg k|flKtof uf}/j ufyf :jo bof
vM . dfq Gofu" tlu+no\ ofDx drfofu' y'u'
;kmntf wofu' x]– UjMkmo\ gfk xfYof ofgf
Rj+Dx 5Dx zfxl;Dx df+of zfx; k"0f{u' afvFof
lnRjM vM .
RofbF GXof]–
5u" ;/sfl/ Ajg]s'ly . æxfkm 6fOdofÆO{  .
lhlk+ lzIfslk+ ;sn]+  . æ:6fkm ;doÆ d'gfRjgfu'
h'n . cfsfemfsf+ lhlk+ ;sl;u'+ ldvf 5u"
x] kfMv+ n'vfkfv] h" jg . cfuGt'soft vg]
;fMtls+ lh+ j}t Dxl;n . cfZro{ rfofM lh+
j}tM t'+s :jof .
æ===lhtM Dxd;L w'+sn y]+ rf]+ ld;lk;+ .
lh yg ofDx x] Ajgfld vM . Rofu" tlu+no\
x] Ajg]u' TjtfM jgfu' h"u'ln+ ygL RofbF u'bF
GXof] x] lh Yj Ajg] s'lyO{ djo w'g . pls+
ld;lk;+ lhtM Dxd;L w'+sn h'OdfM . lhu'
gf+===Æ n'vfot'+ bgfM j+ yMu' kl/ro aLu' s'tM
oft .
 j+ g'jfgf Rj+u' vFk" k"jg] Gxof] x] lh+
RjfSs ænIdL b]jLÆ wsfM xfnf j}u' afv+ k"
j+sf ljof . ;sl;u'+ ldvf lhs] h" jn .
æ===sf 5' nIdL b]jL vMnfsL dv' < lh+
5Gt uy] h'of n'dgf Rjg . sf wf;f æwsfM
lGxnfM lh+ j}t Sjyfo\ b't Ajgf wof g+ o]+sfÆ
lxltO{ drfMdrflk+ laBfyL{lkGt ‰jM 5'sfM kfM
sy+ nM Tj+sf RjgLDx nIdL sf 5 . vMnfls
dv' yM hs nM Tjg] w'g wfoj+, ‰j5'gf Rj+lk+
kf;flkGt nv+ 5\jfsf agLDx, c:of], xf/f+lul/Dx
ljBfyL{ g+ vM sf 5 . vM vnf ===Æ wsfM a}u'
DX;Lsf lh :jo+ k" j+sf ljof .
erf erf a]Ssf];f+ lx;L nL+ nL+u' ldvf
l;s'l;s' ld+s sgfM erf d5fM kxn+ ln;M
ljn nIdL+Æ vM ld; lh j x] nIdL vM . ld;+
nf lhtM n'd+lgu' h'ofRjg vgL;f ÛÆ
æyM ljBfyL{lk+ g+ xtklt+ Nadlgnf
uy] < ljBfyL{lk;+ wsfM n] :s"n TjMtn wfoj
ld;lkGt g+ NjMd+sf 5\jo] f]  .=== a? sf wf– yf}+ 5
cfsfemfsf+ uy] h'ofM yg jot tfMnfu' h'nn]Æ
5u" x] ;f;n+ lhu' Dx't' tMu" GXo;M afM jn .
æ===:s"n TjMt]j+ t'+ ld;lk+g+ NjMdgf jgL
w}u' g+ h'Onf < dv'nf nIdL . ld;lk+ w}lk+nf
a'/L a'/L h'O w'+sfM tSs g+ n'dgf RjgL
lg===x+==Æ d]Dx ld;+ v+of :jf+dfM xgf o]+sL .
d]Dx ld;of Dx't' rfnL æ===ld;lk+ wfoj+t'+
n'd+sfM x] todfM w}u' 5' lgod b' < dv'nf
nIdL . pv'g' 5sM ug h'n d:o', 5Gt nFo\
vgfano\ 5+ Gj+ t'O{dfnL wsf tfkfs+ lg;]+
dv+kxM ofgfM j+u'nf lh+ x] vF .===Æ
ædv' ld; Û lh+ ld;lk+ ;'oft+ cftSs cy]
dv+ kxM ofgfjgf wofu' uan]+ x] db'lg . cem
;' g+ kf;lk+ gfKk+ b}ano\ nf emg\ pldt gfk+
lh+ ælhld ld; vFnfÆ wsfM SogfM Dxl;sf nf
jLu' lh+===Æ nIdL lGxnf+t'+ yMu' ;kmfO Ao" Ao"
agL . ;sn] ld;lk+ 5u" kfMv+ Ax/f/f/f+ lGxnf
5\jO .
cf}krfl/s VofMof Yj l;nl;nfoft
k"0f{lj/fd laofM lh+ nIdLoft a}u' hLjgrrf{of
ljifoo\ GXo;M 5'Ou'of gfkgfk+ OlxkfMof laifoo\
g+ vF 5'gf:jof  . 5Dx lgDx ld;lk;+ lGxnfM, xfnfM,
VofM y],+ gLy],+ luho ofoy],+ xfos]y+] ofgfM wf g+
wfnÆ nfM;f nIdL k'nf+lk+ ld;lk+ n'ds + f OlxkfMof
Ajgfkf} Ao" jofu' hs+ vM nfls 5' < yf}s + Gx] nf
yMu' OlxkfMof Ejo yMyMlk;+ x] Ao"M jOu' rng
h'O w's + n===. d]Dx ld;of Dx't' rfn æv} sf
sf Û yf}+ sGxonf OlxkfM ofou'of y]sfgf x] db'  .
yMt OR5f hs bos] dfM . yMt lrt a'emo\ h"Dx
ldh+ e]to\ h'n wfo+j=== . d]Dx ld;+ :jfgf o+sL
yMyDx+ :j]nf, df+af}lk;+ :jofM aLs]nf Û dv'nf
nIdL ÛÛ l8Knf]df :t/ Yogls nf x':n'+ x] k'Ou'
wof+=== x /]===
xfsg+ d]Dx ld; of ;M Yjn x/] lg ;/] .
yMu' t'lt adnfs+ OlxkfM ofgfM ldh+to\ bfl;
h'ofM lg+ Rj+ag] dHo"sf . OlxkfM w}u' afFnfs
larfM ofgfM ofo\ kmos] df===. yMofs] b'u'
k|df0fkqt kl/jf/of aGwg+ x]dflt ofsfM Rjg]
dHo"sf . lh+ nf y'ln x] hs :o" sf .=== d]u'
w}u' cy] x] vM . nF :jofM knf 5o' 5o'+ jg]u'nf
vM lg .=== uy] vM nIdL=== .Æ
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 15
 gfuM t'uMof lhldu' v+ nIdLof 5fltof
ug yfoofu' efMuo\ nfSs Rjf;fSs ld+s
Wjn vM d:o' lgw{Ss h'of j}u' Dx't'+ 5\jf/fSs
lkHanÆ vM lg;f ld; Û ld;lk;+ wofbLy]+
yf}+sGxo\ larfMdof;] xyf;+ ;'gf+ OlxkfM ofM
wsf Û ==== . co\;f+ 5'ofo\ ld; . kl/aGw w}u'
t;s+ tMw+u' h'ofRjg . lh nf ld;=== . OlxkfM
ofgfM g+ efMt ;L w'+sn .=== efMt dbofM v'nf
dbj+ a"Dx DXofo 5Dx b' . cfM j Dxofo\ GofbF
bt . lhu' ;+;f/ w}u' y'ln x] sf ld; .=== j
x] drfoft Ho";f yg Ajg]s'lyO{=== æWoaf k'n]
DjMs===Æ egf{ ofo\ hLnf wsfM jofu' sf ld;\
lh yf}+ yg .===Æ
5u" x] ;f;n+ lkHjMu' nIdLofu' vF lh
yf/fSs Gx'n . ld Ujfgf Rj+u' j}u' g'un+
ltl/ltl/ d'ofjMu' ldk';fto\;+ cg pkl:yt
d]d]lk+ ld;lkGt g+ :oTyfs k't dvf h'O . j+
jOu' VjfM :jn . j+ aOu' Vjf :jn knv ns;
df}g h'n . nIdL+ xfsg+ df}gtfoft lrl/Ss
kmfofM :ofMrfM Kj+sf o]+sn .
æb'Mv w}u' 5' vM < ;'v w}u' ug b' wsfM
lh+nf l; x] dl;of jg] w'+sn ld;\ Û GXofy]+
hfMu' nfG5gf jM;f+, GXofy]+ GjMu' ld+ k";f+
dfSs'Ss x] kro\ ofo\ kmo\ w'+sn lh+  . Gxofsn]
GXofan]+ k'Ou' ld vgfM u'ln hs Uofgf
Rjg]u'  . k"mk"m ofgfM :ofot :jou'  . l;gfjg]df
Ujfgf jodf . ldoft xfrf+ufofM w's'w's' wfos
knfMl5gfM GXoHof+ jg]u' sf . d]u' pkfonf
b'x] db' lg ld; . cfvM ;Mlk+ -lzlIftJolQmlk+_
oSsf] bofjn wfM;f+ g+ lhu' ldvfo\ nf, Sjk'+u'
16 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
;dfho\ k'm;fJxMlk+ dg"t pkf] Nof]+ blgu'
vgf .=== pls+ xtfM Vono\ RjgfM ;L wsfM
Uofgf Rjgf+ nfMnf, ld;\Æ wsfM wofM syg+ j
cfsfemfsf+ lvltltlt+ lGxnf 5\jt .
lhtM xfsg+ c/at rfn, nIdLofu' kxM
vgfM . drf wfonf j}t tMlwsMDx x] wfo\ .===
Dx;Lsf sy+nf j 5Dx drfof df+  . gf/L /TgDx
5Dx df+ ÛÛ
xfkm 6fOd l;wMu' O{ . 3l06 6fª6fª
Goft . dfgf] u+ g+ wof Rj+y]+ tfn ævF d'Osf
Rjg]u' O{ Sjrfn . Ono\ x] yMyMu' lhDd]jfl/of
Hof k" j+sM emf;+ . On+ lkofRjgL dv' .===
;sn]+ ld;lk+ 5u"kfMvF bgfM yMyMu' sIffo\
jgf5\jt . lh 5Dx]l;of Snf; db'u'ln+ cg+t'+
yfgfRjgfDx h'n . Rofu"u' tlu+ kf; h"u'of
bl;kf}of lnw+;fo\ jf;Mof ljifo AjgfM,
af;Mof l8n/gfk :jfk"tof, yMu' 3fno\ yDx+
dnd kfgfRj+Dx h'ofRjg nIdL . Dxofo\oft
Aag]s'yLO{ egf{ofo xo]t Gof]+ jMDx+ nIdL .
ss'O{ ss'O{ y]+s bfl;jofRj+u' j}u' j]bgfof vF  .
xyf;+ etLrf lhtMKj+sfM nIdL yMu' Hofo\ jg]
lnafO eg+ jg]t ph+sfn. ph+ x] aLdnfj+ j
xyfokyf;+ lkg] Yog . ofsMrf cgnfMDx lht
j+ sgfj+u' v+ g'uno\ lnlnk'k'+ bfl;jof Rjg .
ædf+ 5Dx cfsfemfsf+ dbofjg]j+ nIdL
cgfy h'n. df+ ;LDx yM cgfyy],+ snfM ;LDx
yM af}oft cgfy vg nIdL=== t/, kl/l:ylt+
cy] dwfn . æaf}Æ gf+ofDx 5Dx ldh+ Û Dxofo\
wsfM x] Njd+s] Tof]D+ x . of}glkkf;'Dx afHof] j+Dx
j'/f . k|bl' zt n' of b'ul{ Gwt kmo\  . p:;';] gjMu'
3[l0ftu' n" . j 5]o+ \ Dxofo\ h'of ;f;M Nxfgf
Rjg] yfs'of jn nIdLoft . x/]s ld;f k|ltof
s'bl[ i6Dx af} gfk jf}of dltgf Sogf Rjg]t
n'O dvfgfjn drfof .=== pls+ . cleefjsof
gftf+ bsl;a] ;lTtDx yM z/0fof cfzo\
kfh'of 5]o+ \ knv ef];O' t lnw+;f sfMjg vgL
nIdL . t/, Dxofodrf x] cKkf] h'ofjOu' :jfly{
;dfho\ ug+ GXogL wsfM nIdL 5Dx+ . jnf
DXofo\drf+ jfgf ys"Dx cgfyDx drfnft .
DXofo\drfof g+ drf legf drfltgL . l;df+ Tj]
Gofo w's + u" ' æDxofodrfÆ gf+of sRrfof dfq
u+u' 5xM xMhs dgdoh'of nL ?k h";f+ b'uf{
eaflgof u'0fDx nIdLof dn]h  ' . kfh'lkGyfo\
Rj+ju+ ' :jjfM nlR5 dbj+ x] lrlgKjM GXoRofgfM
vfn'lt Tjg]dfn vgL nIdLof . jof dn]ho' f
k|k~r Û jof yM5]o+ fDx erf JxfHof] kxMjMDx
bfh'of GXoy' snfMoft d]no 5\jou'nL ;kmnDx,
lny'snfMof Gxo;'ef} h'ofM Rj+jg]dfn nIdLof .
gRrfNof;] rfDx gMln edrf . 5]o+ f nflu
Hofnf jL DjMDx Rof] 5Dx ofp+s n"u' h'n .
lGxy+ drfof ;'s + Rjg]db' . rlR5g+ dg ofp+s
emf;'lkmgf Bg] db' . df+ d]no\ j+Dx sfodrf .
nfu' kbfy{of b'j; {] gDx . h'of ljn nIdLof
efMt . ;xg;LnDx nIdLof ;]jfof cgfb/ .
O{ kmk'k+' jg . efMtof :jf:yo\ EjfeM h'of j+
ln:;] lrl/dfh' s]x+] etlk+ kfv]+ -ckdflgt_
Yjk"yn h'hj+' g ef}drf . lGXy+ tnaf/of wf/
kmofRjg] dfMDx 9fn h'n j .=== gRrf Nof;]rf
ltlgDx nIdL . cgfy j c1flgDx drf .===
Kjfyo\ eftof s'nfog k';f :jrfo\ w's + n w}u'
tSs g+ d:o"Dx akm/f nIdL Û=== drfof df+
h'OGxof] x] nIdL oft ljwjf ofgfM nIdLof
efMt+ Tjtf ysn vgL Û=== yM 5]+ 5\jf;'Dx
kfh'vnM ˆof;'Dx . xfMgfM db'of sf/0f+ j 5Dx
ofsM ld;f h'n .
dlxnf ;d'bfoof cg]tg] ;+3;+:yfgfk ;lQ
tfkfof :jfk" b'lk+ s]x]+ etlk+ Û Nof;];" dtlgDx,
lrlx|dfh' .=== nIdLof Kjfyo\ b'g] ld;fdrf+
af; sof Rj+jMu' b' wsf ;Lj+ lrl/dfh'of
Jolerf/ Û eft+ jfgfys"Dx nIdLoft e|"0f
xTof/f bos]u' s'tM h'n . nIdLoft g+ Ho";f
t'lkm+ k'ODjMs km;+ k'Os] 5\jou' of]hgfof
kl/sNkgf h'n . ld;f k'rn+ 5Dx ld;fof
Kjfyo\ b'g] af; sfMaMDx 5Dx lg/ck/flw
ld;fdrfof xTof ofou' Uj;f h'n .
v+ n'd+n'd+ lhtM u/v];] ldgfjn . Dx
5sM jf+dnfSs x] d" xfn . ld;f+ ld;fk|lt
ofOu' cTofrfl/ ;dfh vgfM 3Rrfof jn .
l:ylt÷kl/l:ylt÷ld;f hLjgof 5u" r/d
b'vof cj:yf . Yj :ofM GofM yM lylt+ dt;L
eg+ lrs+ ;fofM OtfM s'nfjL dfMu' cj:yf .
cMsy+, df}sf wsfM rf}sf Jxfot:jofM d}gdt
;/x Kofnf+ Kofnf+ gfosf 5\jou' Uj;f h'n
nIdL k|lt . lh yf/fSs Gx'n . 5of]+oft Nxflt+
e/ ljofM, ltl:;gf Rjgfu' ldvf KjfnfSs
rfosf :jof . t/ cg nfgf Rjgfu' h'n lh
ofsMrf . dfq lh ofsMrf x] hs .
yMt nIdL cy] h'Os] dAo" vgL . yMu'
Kjfyo\ b'g] drf b' wsfM ;Lj+ g'uno\ dft[Tj
efjgf bgfjMDx nIdLof drfSjsfou' Hof
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 17
dxfck/fw tfn dvf h'O j}u' sRrfltlgu'
g'un+ tSs x] g+ yhfu' Hof ;fdflhs ljs[t
eflkn y'u' Hofoft Ao"u' sfg'lg ;xhtf g+ j}t
ug˜ug u'v]+ u'v] ;fdflhs ljsf/ tTjto\t
ltaM hs+ dv'nf w}y] g+ tfof jn vgL .
Dx 5sM d" xfn] jn x+ jof . xfg+ lj:tf/+
yMyMDx+t' g'uMKjMlrgf sfn vgL . d';'+ lGxnf
yMu' hfofju' KjfM 5Sj gfOs lyof :jn .
yMu' Kjfyo\ b'g] yMu' x] :j?kofDx æld;fdrfÆ
b' wsfM :o"ano\ jof b'g]+ b'g]+ notfM lkHjof
jn . dgo\ b'g] /+lug nfkrf 5Dx k'm?k'm?
AjMu' cg'ej h'n nIdLof . knvof nflu
jof yM ldh+ dbof+ju' g+ Njdgf jg vgL .
dgo\ n'Osn æsfodrfof hs ck]Iff ofOu'
Yj ;+;f/o\ ;'ofu'+ Kjfyo\ DXofo\drf w}Dx x]
k|j]z dh";f=== nIdL w}Dx ug+ b} < nIdL w}Dx
x] db';f xfg+ d]Dx nIdLof pTklt===Û
±±
tofM a:jfFgfM nIdL+ c:ktfnof a]bo\ k'mlt{;fy+
5Dx ld;f drfoft hGdljn .
drf h'O dufj+ a}zof ldO{ XjAjfodfMDx .
df+of dltgf+ cfzf+ BfDx . Soft' pd]/o\ x]
drfof df+ h'of hLjg ;+3if{of UjMkmogfk
xfYofofgfM Rjg] dfMDx . 5Dx ld;f of]4f .
hflto ;+:sf/ sy+ alx:s[t ofgftMu' sfg'g .
ld;fdrf Kofv+ x'n]db'u' lgod . cfqmf]l;t
nIdL yM Dxofooft g[Tolgb]{zs tSs g+
bos]u' nIf sfn . df+of ln£jf;fo\ drf k|ltef
g+ tfoltlt+ lg;]+ knfM Gxofs' xofs'+ jg .
yf}+ jx] df+of j x] drf æafn k|ltefof
k|ltef Û nIdLof DXofo æk|ltefÆ . nIdLof k"
j+u' Dxu; .Û
 

5Gx" . 5]+Hofo\ s'gftMDx nIdL . yMu'

e|"0f /Iffof nflu 5]Fh ;sl;t+ ldvf lkOsf
yM lr/fudt h'ofM 5]+ g+ lkAjf+ jg . æKjfyo\
Dxofodrf b'Æ wsf ;+s]t Jo"Dx j x] ld;fDx
8fS6/ ofu' g'uM vfkf Wo"+ jg . nIdLof
zfx;+ k|efljt j]sM 8fS6/ ;fx]jof g+ yMu'
Joj;flos Hof :jofg+ gfl/Tj efjgf jNnft
vgL lgDx]l;of+ lgkf Nxf hfo+ Nxfkf Goft .
efMt dGt;f blR5 tSs yMu' Dx't'O{ b'g] Rj+u'
jf ;d]t r'n] dHo"u' ;+;f/ so\Rofgf Rj+u'
g]jfMof 5yL hflt tou' ;+:sf/oft 5]8\ls

18 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
afv+
lx s'+u' Gofo
h'g'd}ofF Bjfb'u' l;+of afs; kmNrfo\
lbsn . Bjft jofu' hu' Nxfof kltgo\ j sf
sfF kmNrfo\ ‰j 5"+jg . afs;of k';f pnf :jt
Û Bjf dGt vlg . NxfltO{ Rj+u' gFof lgDtf aoF
tn . jfyfSs bgf ;'?jfof lDxrfF ;nfO a§f
lnsfn . 5k" ‰jfOFs lsof tMxfsMu' Wo O{nftMu'
slyof Rjsf Rofsn . ;lR5 j RofKjfM Bjft;]
5l;sy+ Rof+Rof+ hM xjnf og .
Bjfof dtt gfk gfk+ jofu' g'uof dt g+
lkml/ lkml/ ;+;+ a'n'+ Rofgfjn .
lgDxF ;/sf/L hflu/o\ . h'g'd}ofF pBf]u
ljefuof 5u" sRrfo\ xflsd ;f eftDx e+;f/of
sRrfo\ xflsd . lkg] lhNnfo\ GxofTyfo\ j+;fF
d'n';'sf y]+ ldn]ofgf gfkF jlg . lkg] lhNnfo\
jg] Old ;fk GxofM . lgDx yf;o\ nfMu'ln Old
tnaof YofM;' uan]F :oFSo]Djf . hflu/of hlNt+
x] Old tofF to]yfo\ db'  . pls+ Olk+ ;fk no\tf .
sfo\ Dxofo\ lgDxF bflh{lnËof VjfpF km;F ufosf
Aj+sftn . hflu/of hlNn+ x] yfo\ yf;o\ 5]F a'+t
Yjs' Yjs'+ jg . v+of voF ;'gfg+ ug+ afFnfMu'
yfo\of aofg oft ls h'g'd}ofF wfol/d] ldvf
Ajjg] w'+sL Û aofg ofDx] l;of vF VjfpFO{ nfO
dv'lg j+ cg sL tfo\ w'+sL . Old;F yM j+yfo\
ts hlNtof lr+ sy+ 5]+ a'+ bo]s' bo]s' jg .
cfgGb lrqsf/
y'sy+ Old hLjgof gfFrf oO{k's GxofO{k's Gxof
Gxof+ jg .
O{no\ Aono\ yfo\ :jof k'O{+ xfM h'Ou' j gfu+
s'OMsM lHjO{u' Hof h'g'd}ofF ofM . GofDx gfu+
s'Os] dfyf+o\ Gofk', GxoDx gfu+ s'Os] dfMyfo
Gxok' cem ug+ ug+nf jofl;s+ cKkf] g+ k'O{ xfM
h'OdfM .
5sM d:t lgDxF lab]zo\ AjFs] 5\jou'
cndn+ ofgf h'g'd}ofFof Wj+Kjfno\ k'O{ xfoMu'
lnjfsn vgL . plw|d] efMtDx]l;tof hflu/o\
kIfaft h'O{s k'gfxn . lnkf ;MkL hf]zL t
Sogf k'O{s h'o]t s'tMofMh'n . ttw+lk+ gf+ hflk+
emf/ k'ms]to\ yf;F k'mkmf ofsM h'n . t/ 5'+
nu] dh' . k'gf xMu' xn+ . 5'+ x] nu] dh';]+ln
efMtDx]l;t lhNnf cbfnt+ sfsM tof Tjtf
xn . cf+M efMtDx 5]+s'n' JofF h'n . ;f;Mx] Nxfo\
dnfs h'OdfDx]l;t lGx x] bF h'n . ps'; d's';+
jofMu' GXok'O{ afhF yfMjn . nf]s nfhof GojM
g+ ˆogf+ ˆog] Dkmo]s lrpjn . efMtDx]l;of
5]Fof n'vf v? xfrfF ufo\ yfs'n . h'g'd}ofF
eftDx]l;t u'ln ;Dem]ofO{ t/ 5'+ x] nu] dh" .
a'n'+ eftDx]l;ofF Yj ;Dk"0f{ 36gf+ pDs] h'O{u'
nFk' dfMh'n . ck'u' nF j+ l;;L v+g . cn]
y'lsoft yM Ps HofgDx kf;fM gfnfsfn .
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 19
 z'?O{ h'g'd}ofF clkm; dj+tn] eftDx
lnlnlrnf lHjO . lnxfFjOano wfM;f dg" x] kfgf
Rjg] w'+sL . gjfo] dHo" ld lkNXjO{ . lnkf h"
ln;] Nxf ts+ jfot No+ dtn . eftDx kfgf j+u'
vFgf h'g'd}ofF jftf+ h'O{ . O{n+ dg"oft ukfo;s+
lxn] oM vgL . WoM y] gfo'Dx eftDx Njx+ y]+ 5fgf
jn . l;;Lof lt+ yM k|lt eftof dfof elt elt
ofofF l;nf o+sn . t/ jof d:to\u' dfof wf;f
RjQ's l;n] dk'm vgL . l;;Lof lt k'mt ls dfof
laln laln hfof jO{ .
h'g'd}ofFoft eftgfk+ xjgf Rjg] yfs'n .
oDx]l;ofF oSj x] wf;f+ eftDx confof k'v'lnO{
nfn sfo]u' dTjt'u'ln+ h'g'd}ofF dgo\ ;+u' aft .
confu'n' j gf+ sfo\dToMDx b'u' 5]F 5'+ x] dkfM .
confu'n'+t;]+ 5]+ u'ln b'Mv laofRjgL gf+sfo
dToDx b'u' 5]F g+ pln x] qf; 5]F hMlkGt laof
RjgL . hMnf vMnf, yMlylt, kf;flk+ gfk r'ln+r'
ldvf Njft ls confu'n'of laz]if0f tof ylk+Gt
:jn nf w}y]+ tfO{u' .
h'g'd}ofF l;O w'+s"u' Bjft lrDtf sQf sn .
Bjfof Kjfn+ Otf s'rf lnsfn . Ejfyn+ oRr's
x'of Tjf/fs ;M jo]s afs;o\ s'?sn . Bjfg
u'u'+ aR5L k'mt u'u'+ 5Kjf g+ Rofgf Rjg . ‰j5'gf
hM laofRj+Mu' Bjft;]+ jofMu' g'uM xfg+ lbj+ut
eftDx]l;yfo\ Sj:js]og .
8fS6/of ;Nnfxsy+ h'g'd}ofF conf doO{u'
jf; g;fo\ tof gsn . Gxfkf+nf hfb' x] h'n .
eftDx conf nf dTjg . t/ 5' Tjˆo'Dx y]+ 5'+
nf]DxDx y] yftF wfM;f Rjg] dk'm . y'lsof /x:o
eftDx wfol/Dx] l;O{sn . 5v]+nf j+ kfo5L y]+
20 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
tfo\sn . lwafF k"m hLj+ gfz . v';Lof 8'Daf]rfo\
nfgf rfrf lxnf yfF jo] yfs"u' hLjg v';L
l;yo\ 5fn+ jfF5jof xMy]+ h'n . h'g'd}ofF of nf
no\tfof df+ rf dGt . GxofSj x] kL/+ SjRo'+;f+
jofMu' hLjgo\ GxoO{k'u' O{n+ xfg+ 5s lnkmM
:jjn .
eftDx confnf Tjtn . t/ lGxR5L+ s"
gof Rjlgu' lr gDx vf y]+ . 5]+ hMt hnf vnf
kf;flk+ ;'+ gfk vFNxf aNxf g+ dAof . j+j+ yfo\
ts jx] clVtof/+ s'ln lrpFjMu' n" hs lnQ'
lnp jO{u' .
h'g'd}ofF eftDx]l;t lgbf]{if ;flat ofo]t
Tofg' drf;]+ s'tM ofMh'n . KoGx'O{ dkfM jlsn
of yfo\ wfSjM wfSjM a+ k" HjL . clkm;F lnxfF
jof nM kmd{o\ b':jof jOu' wf;f eftDx]l;t
nMnM dwfn . 5Gx" Yj x] vo]+ Old bYjL yfs
y's g+ h'n .
…5 5fo\ Gxofan]+ Ono\ 5]+ dYolgu' <Ú
…nFvtF nfMu'ln+ s]z 5' h'of Rjg wsfM
a'em]ofgf jOu'Ú
…dv' 5'+ df;f kmf]g ofgf xO{ lg 5 x] 5fo
t'? t'? h'OdfMu' <Ú
…ps"Gx' yM wof y] db'Dx GofowLzof kfnfMu'
ln+ emLu' kfM ln5ofo]t kmfF6jfnfoft bfF erf
laOdfn gLå bfF Hjgf emf;F wfn . yy] x] sf
uan]+ 5' uan] 5' km};nf yMu' kIfo djtno\
s]z TjMt] dlhn .Ú
h'g'd}ofF eftDx]l;u' Dx't'O{ emf} Kjf g+ ltgf
lan . s]z Tjt] e|i6frf/Lof wnvo\ gf+ lsp
jlg . dTjt] lwjf+ lwjf dh'n. a}so\ vftft
k'ms eg+ l;N8 ofgf tMu'ln+ ug+ lwjf lnsfo]
dlhp . ylk+ lhtn] KoGx'O{ dkfM hfkmt Gofos]
dflk+ yMltlk kf;f efOlk+ Ujxfln ofo]dfln wsfM
lhlt+ lhtn] lnln lrnf h'O{ .
h'g'd}ofFof hlNt+ bosftMu' lt;ftg+ 5tf
5tf ofofF kfMh'of jg . y'ln ofgf g+ TofM;fnf
vM . dv';f lwjfF k'm OHht g+ k"m HjL . ljb]zo\
Ajgf Rj+lk d:to; g+ O{no\ Aono\ UjxfnL
dofMu' h";f nf h'g'd}ofF nM db'u' k'v'nL Rj+Dx
Gof y]+ h'O w'+sL .
jf;Mof c;/ k'mtnf 5' y]+ eftDx+ xfg+
conf l;;L kfRo'+jg . TjM db' TjM tof yM gfk
sr sr ofoMu' g+ ofgf xn . erf ofpFO{ w'+s"u'
3fMno\ xfg+ s'lt s'lt ofgf xn . k'O{ lrg] w'+s"u'
3fMn+ lx k'n' k'n' lksfn .
…5+ j jlsngfk 5' ;DaGw b' wfÚ
eftDx]l;u' gFGofMu' Gxo;n+ h'g'd}of lt/ldl/
h'n . j+ 5'+ ln;M laO{ dk'mt . eftDx co\nfof
;'/o\ j x] Gxo;M hs t'Q't';] ln;fM sfn .
…s]z uo] h'of Rjg . wsfM l;Os]t jg] DjfM
nf <Ú h'g'd}ofF lhSj gfOs ln;M lan .
…vO jnf 5u" TjxM sf . 5 dg" x] lxnf
jg . 5+ O{ AoM dbo]s j kmd{o\ h'O{u' lhtM
doM .Ú eftDx d] ldvf sg .
…co;f s]z Tjtf 5jo\u' nf < cbfnt+
e|i6frf/L 7x/ ofsf h]n ;hfoF ef]u] ofo]u'nf <Ú
h'g'd}ofFof Gxo;n+ eftDx]l;t knv Dx't'
KjfM lts]t s/+ So+sn .
5 cog+ j jlsngfk Ko]Ko] k'gf h'Ou' lg
lhtM doM .Ú
eftDx]l;u' Dx't'+ lkHjMu' HjMu' r'lk y]+ HofMu'
arg+ h'g'd}ofFof g'uno\ ‰jo\Ko" jg . r'kL+ lsof
y:; kfo\sf tMDx d]o\ y]+ jfyf jfyf sg . knv
gjfo\ yfs'n .
5' wof < l5u' nflu y'lnd5L b'Mvl;of h'of
cem lhtM t'+ z+sf <Ú
h'g'd}ofFof ldvfF Vjla wfM dlbs xfn . tFof
Hjfnfd'vL tHoft . cg+ jM yg+ j+M dbos ld
Hjfnf lkAjft . lgDx]l;ofF tFof yfMufM dGt .
tF KjlrO dkmof lgtf Kotf cKkf] x] 5' wfo
nft eftDx Nxf x] jf jn . jof Rjgf+ Rjg]
yfs'n . lGxR5L ldvf lgun+ kfs] h"u' uf]ne]8f
y]+ Rj+s VjMu' Vjn+  . Dx+ dk'mu' TjxM lrgf ps'Gx'
clkm; g+ dj+ . eftDx glg djf;]+ lkxfFjg .
axgL b'xfFjDx]lof knfM yfto\ dnf. s'Gx] lg;]+
Dx't' jfjfF jn . jofsy+ yMu' ;kM eftDx]l;u'
kfNxfto\ lxpF jg . h'g'd}ofF afdnfs ef/fs
sf]bn . lgTy' KoTy' Rjf g+ Rjft . jof eft
k|ltof dfof ps'Gx' lg;]+ rGgs rlxnf jg .
h'g'd}ofF yMu' hLjgof 5rfnL lvpF hs
vg . cfzfof hM ug+ dvg . oTy] h'Odf w}y]+
dQLnf jOu' . t/ d:to;F e]e] n's Hof ofgf
af}Dx]l;of s]z l;wo]s]t g;]+ dg;]+ lwjf 5jof
xofRjg . kmf]go\ vF h";f dfDx]l;u' vf]sgf
NjfsHofMu' ;M lkHjO{ . GxofSj s/ of;fF af}Dx
kmf]go\ ua; djM . Olk+ ;s]l;+t kL/+ lrQ'dQ'
lrgfRjg . b'Mvof :jltkfoF ˆog]t :jMln;] em+
em+ uyM uyM lrg .
Bjft k'm dk'm jn . k'ms+ dk'mtno\ Rjg]
x] dfn . lh hs lhp;f Bjft Ej;'s Tjtf
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 21
jg] df:t]jn . ;'ofu' nflu Bjf Rofs jOu'
< O{nF nftno\ GxofSj x] ;Dem]of;fF lrtf;'v
dAo'Dx]l;t 5fo\ n'd+sf Rjg]u' < eftDx+ ofOu'
s;f n'dg lsnf Yj k'mSs a]sf/ y]+ Rj+ . wfTy]+
wfou' vM;f jnf b'i6Dx efMt kfv]F d'Qm h'n
wfM;fF lhp . joft eft n'd+s] w}u' x] k'O{ lrg]
w'+s"u' 3fM Kjn] y]+ hs h'Ou' .
Rofgf Rj+u' Bjft;]F nf]+ds]t :jORj+Dx
eftof n'dlGt em+ hs ;lts] xn. GxofSj wf;fF
5'+ x] dh';]nL+ h'g'd}ofF a'n'+ eft kfv]F tfkfgf
jg . nlxgftDx lvrfoft y]+ a"u' gsL pln+
sf . eftgfk kmlt+ kmtno\ gfk+ dRj+ . ug+ g+
jg]df;f eftgfk dj+  . GxofTy] of;fF j eftoft
yf;o\ xo dk'mt . dfofof lvkt+ :jlts lrt .
lvk x] RAa't . x]nfof l;v g+ lrgf :jn . l;v
g+ Aog . h'g'd}ofF xf/]rfn .
a'n'+ eftDx]l;of Vjfof nfpg kfgf jg .
Nxf t'tLof 5o+u' j nfkfoF 5jfn'of jg . conf
g+ dbo\s hs dufM cfkf dfMu' g+ dv' . lab]zo\
Rj+lk d:to]u' dfofF 8fS6/of yfo\ Ajgfo+sn .
8fS6/+ g+ 5u" df}sf cem+ g+ lan . t/ eftDx
confof rqmAo"x+ lkxfF jx] dk'mt .
h'g'd}ofF cbfntof tF uMu+ jg . bsno\
Rjsfo\ yf}+ km};nf h'Ou' lb+ . ygof km};nf x]
clGtd km};nf h'O{ . psL+ j+ jlsn+ wfwf y]+
dfM yfo dfsy+ ln;F ttF jg . ax; Gxoft .
lwjfF RjQ's x'O k'mu'nL+ GofowLz+ lg:;f k|df0f
SjyLs :jof g+ 5'+ x] dvg . pls+ jof eftoft
;kmfO{ laof Gxfkf ofMu' x] yf;o\ axfn ofM
jg]t phF lan . gfk+ j calwof tna Ps d':6
22 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
b}u' km};nf g+ Go+sn . clkm;o g+ tMb dl5
Gxofs] dkmo]s tOtMu' 3M r's" lnsfn . 3M r's"
lnsf;fF eftDx]l;of hLjgof /y dGxofM . j+
yMu' hflu/+ /flhgfdf lan .
h'g'd}ofFof knv notfof v';L afM jn .
emL+ :jbof b'Mv k'ms x] r'Osf o+s' y]+ tfn .
Yj lbg jo]s]t joft lem+:jb lkOdfn .
Yj O{of b'g] 5]F hMto\t clts+ dfgl;s j
zf/Ll/s kL8f h'nplsof+ NofMrf tofF ;fWo
dh'n . rf+ lGx+ kL/+ SjlrOsf h'Odfn . ;b]Dx
eftDx conf u'n' h'n . eft bo]s bo]s+
lawjfDx y]+ h'O{dfn . tgfj+ ofgf ;'u/of
Njr+ sn . Yj Gofo dv'  . Yjnf cGofo g+ lx
eMeM jo\s so\k'O kmSj so k'O{ w'+s"u' Gofo
vM . Yjnf lx+ s'+u' Gofo\ vM . Yjof l;s+nf a?
h]n rnfg ofgf 5j;f bF jbFof b'g] ;hfoF
SjrfO{ . e|i6frf/ d'4fof km};nf ofsg+ ofMu'
b x] db'  . cvaf/o\ ;' g+ dg" e|i6frf/ d'4fo\
nfgf Rjg wsfM ao ao wfO . t/ cbfnt+
jofu' km};nf jOano\ dg"to] nf]dg] w'+sL .
dg"to\ OHht ofpFs sfO{ t/ jofu' hLjgo\
So"u' bfu x'of laO dv' . h'g'd}ofF larfMoft
yMnf e|i6frf/ ofgfMu'of u'u" cfM ;kmfO{ kfj]
h'O{ w'+sn jof lnRjM ef]u]ofgf Rjgf . 5 v]
yDx]l;ofF s'sd{ ofgfMu'of kl/0ffd 5'+ sy+
kfo5L h" x] wfo\dfn . t/ OdfGbf/ dg"to\t
Djf;fF Djf;f+ sfsfolglkGt u'ln cGofo .
Yj lem+:jbof b'g] ef]u] ofodfMu' dfgl;s
a]bgfof Ifltk"lt{ cbfnt+ uy]ofgf k'n] kmO{
< Yj laifono\ cbfnto\ ax; g+ h"u' vM .
t/ sfg'g 5'+ dbo]s" . 5nkmn s]jn 5nkmn
hs h'n .
5Gx' ;'yo\ axgL hf gof B+ j+Dx eftDx
tfp hfof g+ bgf djM . tMbF GxoMlg;]+ gfk+ B+Dx
h'g'd}ofF :jo\ bgf djlg wsfM Rj+u'  . Gxfkf lnkf
bgf jOu' O{ lagf g+ GxoM josf Rj+Dx eftoft
yF jg]u' dtL+ vfkf vF jg . Dx lulnluln oft .
5og+ lg;]+ t'lt Yo+s jf/f jf/f ;+u' vgf h'g'd}ofF
lrNnfobg . 5] hxfgt hnfvnf ;sn]+ e'+jn .
Gxfos+ 5kfM Gxf;o\ Yo+s yLs] o+sn . rlt
ds+;]ln Dx 5Dx sfkg+ Tjk'n .
rfn . k'ms Rofs]t d]u' af3f] dflg . j cfo\
a'n .jag]dfMu'nf ug+ dv' . 5'+ Hof b'u' g+
dv' . cog+ dg+ dv+s ofo\dfMu' Hof h'n ls
O{ tfMxfsofjOu' . nf]sfrf/of lglDt+ ofo\dfMu'
HoftMhs vgf j lbSs rfn . rAa'O{ w'+s"u'
dfof :jfo]t t;s+ yfs' . dfofnf j+ t/ uyM
lr+u' j dlr+u' dfof kM . uyM lr+u' dfof tt
So+ ;nn dGXofM .
h'g'd}ofF Nxfkfno\ dGrf lbsf NoF blgu'
Bjft RofgfRj+u' k't'+ Rjgf :jofRjg .


h'g'd}ofFof t;s+ Vjo\ djM . ofsg+ l; p7]

ofo]t lhSjl;t Ujxfln sfM h'n . j+ dg"tot vF
Nxfo\u' TjxM lan . j+ ;'ofu' vFoft Ro'tfM dtM .
u'lnl;g clN5g wfn, Vjf :jo] dToMDx wfn .
VjfMkfM lnpg] vF NxfMlk+ vgf jfs'l5t . ;]G6«n
h]no :jyg] ToDx]l;t d'Qm ofMu' ;'gf+ g+ dv+ .
w}u' vF GoF;f yf}+ Yj lbg jO{ x] dv' . e|i6frf/o\
nfgf d'Qm h"lk+ dg"t;]+ Gx" sy+ hLjg Gxofs"u'
b' . eftDx]l;t vMu' n+k'O{ xo]t ofMu' si6 ;'gf+
vF . dg"t w}lk+ Bg] Bg] nfn sfo+t vKkL; lk+ .
Old;+ u'ln bo\s"u' vM jofl;s+ cKkf] :og . cfM
jofs] 5'+ x] dGt . eftDx confg+ p;foFdGt .
jf;n+ NoF k'mNoF bfF k'mSs ltl;gfsfn . d'4f
TofMu'ln+ wGg Rjg]u' 5]F 5vf Nog . hflu/of
hlNt+ bo]s'u' plnd5L 5]+ a'+ uy] jn cy] x] jg .
yMu' s'n 5]+ g+ 5'Ot 7Ls ofano\ Nxfto\ Rj+u'
;nfO{ nfsf dsfMu' h';fM yf}+ kmNrf afo\ h'Ou' .
h'g'd}ofF Bjft Nof vft . cem g+ emL+
:jKjfM NoF blg . jof Bjft k'ms] xTyfo

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 23
afv+

pan] DXofo\drf cfM ef}drf

s]zjnfn sdf{rfo{
-hGd M g]=;+= !)$% ly+nf ;L= !!)( u'+nf uf_

-k'nf+lk Rjldlklgu' n'dlGt sy+ Rjld :j= efh' s]zjnfn sdf{rfo{ h'+ Rjof lbOu' Yj afv+ yg
GXoAjofu' h'n . yf}+sGx] nokf} bF ! Nof ! g]=;+= !)&! a5nf+ lkb+u' y'u' afv+ of Jofs/0f pu' Ono\
yf}+sGx] nokf} g gfnf tju' sy+ uy] vM cy] x] lkygfu' h'n . – ;+=_
cfvM Aj+sM jg]t nfsf+ GXofo\ w's + fXd .– vg y]+ Û cog+ jOu' GXof]g] Rjg]u' ;fx; lhs]
sfrfs n'dg l;GxFM ltO{ nf]dg . sf]7fo\ åfxfF dGt . yo\ 5fo\ h"u' zfob\ l5s\lkGt sgf Rjg]
jofM l;GxFM ltgf . GXfo\so+ f GXof]g;] + :gf] tof dfnL dv' . ;'+ dg" ;dln+luof GXof]g] d5fM
tMu' vg– lhld snfMofu' . :gf] 5sM g+ 5fo\ dAjL dh';]+ >[+uf/ ofM;f+ yM snfM x] yh' lj;dln+uL
w}u' dQL jn pVo]+ y'Vo]+ 5sM :jof–;'gfg+ vgL -Opposite Sex_ of GXof]g] >[+uf/ ofo\ GXofDx+
w}u' kxn+ sfrf lslr AjL l;wosf . co\ :gf]g+ d5fnL cjZo .
nf VjfM erf oRr";] t'oo\ ;" ] Rj+s' vgLsf . d';pF' F gf8L coSs 3l8 :jof– ;fx/] ;ft HjL
lGxnf Gxfo\s+ :jof– lhu' VjfM u'lnt cfsif{s w'+sn Û lnjft . lh lXg+ lXgF ;ftah] dh"lg
h" Û yf}+ cfvM Aj+s] an] lziofof GXof]g+ ] y'sy+ x] an] jg]u', tf]k t}y]+ Rj+sf lnxfF– jo\u' . :gf]
lGxn] dfnLsf Û xfg+ lGxnf– d';S' s d';p' =F == a'of l;XgM To'tn] 5Øg] tk'ln ldn]x] ofo\
æl5tM 5Xd snft+ ufO dv'sf .Æ nf]dg lkxfF jo\ w'+sfM ltlg rfn .
cos lnkmM :jof+– lhDxsnfM ÛÛ lh hf UjfM Gofo\u' tf]x lrgfM UjfMk;n] agf
x+;+ x] yfo\ tf]tn . kmlR5+ kmQn] j}tM VjfM x] Xgfo\s+ :jofM tk'ln erf a]SjsM k'ofM ldn]
dSoF;]+ nfsf+ GXofM jgf . lhu'hf as\x] km'6] ofgf– cfsif{s u]6\ ck\ ÛÛ
dh'n . lXduM lXduM :jof lh yf}+ erf cKkf]
j+ xfg+ lGxnfM– lGxnfM wfn– æl5+ :o"nf < r~rn . yf}+ ofu' lhu' of}jgofu' t]h vlgan]
axgL axgL Gxfo\s+ :j}Xd]l;t 5Xd snft+ …k" HjL w's+ D' x o'jsÚ wsfM lhtM ;'gfg+ wfo\
ufOdv' xF ÛÆ km}dv'– lhu' yf}+ ofu' >[u+ f/ k6f/ j r~rntf+ lh
æd:o', d:o'–Æ …cljjflxtÚ w}u' lj1fkg aLs]u' sf]lz; ofgf .
lh w'/{// :jfxfg]+ sfxfF jof . lhDx snft+ t/ lh+ yf}+ y'ln dl5+ vF l5tM sgf .
:gf] a'ofu' hf dv+ y]+– vfln Gxfo\s+ :ju' hs – d]lk;+ y]+ Yj sg] dHo" wsf ds+;] tof
24 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
dtof– 5fo\ wfM;f+ Yj vF km'Ss k|fs[lts
vM . k|fs[lts tyf dg'io :jefj lj?4 dv'u'
vF sg]t lh dUofgf . vM vMu' h"h"u' j
HjLHjLu' vF sg]t lh uan]+ lndlrnf . vFo\
vf]n dtof . ps]+ Yj jfv+oft g+ lh+ 5'+ j;M
dk'+sf . uy] hGd] h"u' vM cy]x] l5s\lklgu'
GXof]g] tof laof . yo\ h'n wfo\j ;'+ e|d]
nfOdv' . ;'+ n]vs+ g+ emL ;dfhof o'js
o'jtLtou' k|]ddo hLjgofu' y'ln gUg lrq
-oyfy{_ emLu' GXof]g] tn v}dv' . co\ h"u'ln+
lhu' jfXo rl/q] ofSg+ ofs\g+ x]/ km]/ h"u'
l5lKk;+ Golg– uan]+ cfbz{jfbL, uan]+ 9f]+uL,
uan]+ rl/qjfg, wfo\d]+ cf8Dj/L .
t/ lzIfs k|]dL HjLdv' w}u' ts{ dv' .
l5s\lk;+ Gofo zf:q Ajgf dtM;f+ Gogf tMu'
nf bO ld dbo\s+ s'F b}dv' . s'+ sMyfo\
xfSs';] RjgL . lgefn+ sM yfo\ t'O:;] RjgL .
c:jfefljs 5'+ dv' Yj afv+ km'Ss :jfefljs
x] vM Gogf lb;F–
lh+ cfvM Aj+s]Dx ldnfof df+ g+ b' ca'g+
b'– bfh'lshf ttfs] x]F ;sn]+ b'= ;stf+ b' .
¿kg+ b', u'0fg+ b', of}jg hf hfof jof+ Rjg .
lh+ larfM ofgf– dg] g+ hf 5'+ vF cjZo bO .
Yj hf :jfefljs x] vM .
j ‰ofn] Rjlgan]–5of]F y y :jsfM lnkmM
lnkmM :jof jglk+ kÝft g+ oSsf]+ bO . :j}tM
:jn wsfM O{iof{ hn] HjLlk+g+ dbO dv' . laof
d5f]lglk+ ld;ft JjlQmut ;Dklt nf h'O
km}dv' . yMu' af+nfMu' VjfMof xlyof/ dbo\s[lk+
g+ sd x] dg" bO– yMt :j}an] uf}/jof cg'ej
dofMlk+ ld;ftg+ sd x] . ;f}Gbo{ r]tgf -Beauty
Conscious_ Nof;] Nofo\Xd ;'ofs] hs db}– Yj
g+ :jfefljs x] vM .
co\ h"u'ln+ l5s\lkGt lh+ 5' Xof]s] j Nof;],
lh Nofo\Xd . Olk+gfk lhu' gftf g+ Gogf
bL;fy'ln x]sf–j ldnf cyf{t\ lhld lziofof
ca'of lh k|Lltkfq, ljZjf;kfq, jof bfh'of
k/d ldq j jof lshflk+ lgDx]l;of+ lzIfs . j
j lh lgDx+ ;+e|fGt s'noflk+ h";f+ yMlyltofu'
gftf+ dSof]+lk+ .
lh cldyfo« Yog]j …bfO emfn, bfO emfnÚ
wsfM lshfDx]:of+ ttfXd]l;t cfvM Ajg]t
;Mtn . lh lzIfsof ¿k+ jgfu' h';f+ lhtM
cg km'Ssl;g+ …bfOÚ x] wsfM ;Daf]wg ofOu' .
…df:6/ ;fx]aÚ HjLnf lhtM yg+ dof] .
æyf}+ bfO 5fo\ lnaft <Æ – wSsf lstfa
HjgfM j ld;f g+ GXof]g] km]t"jn . j;M hf j
ldnf+ GXofan]+ oRr's x] k'gf t}u' . co\g+ yf}+
lXduM :jof cKkf] cfsif{s y]+ lh+ vg . v
hf lh ;+;f/of ;j{ >]i7 lxGb' hfltof 5o]F
hGd]h'Dx pTkGgØ uf]q ofDx vM . u'KtL w}u'
to\ x] dfnL . km'Ss+ vF v'Nnd v'Nnf s+;f+ gf+
5tf hf cjZo x] tf]KjL dfnL . co\ h"u'ln+ j
ldnfof gf+ d]u' b';f+ emL;+ …lnlnÚ wsf ;Mt] .
Yj afv+ g+ lnlnofu' afv+ wsfM n'd+sf lb;F,
lhu' dv' .
lhu' Åbo tGq ;'Kt dv'– 5fo\ wfM;f+ lh
h8 dv' klt+ to\j tf/ emgjg GofMv"a cg'el" t
zLn -Sensitive_ . lh+ tf/ ofu' sDk ;fy ;fy
Gogf– ælnln, === ypF=== lh+ vF 5tf 5+s] Gog]–
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 25
hjfkm aLu' vMnf < 5+ hjfkm dlan wfM;f lh+
Gog] Togfu' v+ 5+ g+ g'un] :ofO, lh g+ g'un]
:ofO . sGX;+ lg:o]+ lh yg jo\g+ dv't .Æ
y'sy+ lh+ j gfk uan]+ vF dNxfgf lg . yf}+
y'ln lhu' vF Gog]j j+ Gxfo\k+ XofpF;] Rj+sn–
Vjfn] nfln r9]oft . cog+ j+ an+ an+ ;fx;
ofgf wfMn– æ5' < wof lb;F .Æ
aof tMlwsMXd lshf hf]/ jn wsfM yf}+
cfvM Aj+ djM . rLlwsMDx Kob ltlg b'Xdd]lk+
;'+ GXog] db' . ps]+ vF Nxfo\ dl5+ dh" .
lh+ lGXnfM lGXnfM, t/ GXo'u'nL g+ 5' dfg]
b'y]+ Rj+s Sogf–
æPs Ps hDdf oft wfo\j u'ln h'O <Æ
æb'O .Æ
æPs Ps u'g] oft wfo\j u'ln h'O <Æ
æPs .Æ
æPs] Ps 36] oft wfo\j u'ln h'O <Æ
æz'Go .Æ
æ5Gt Ps Ps hDdf ofo\ of] nfls, u'g]
ofo\ of] nfls, 36] ofo\ of] <Æ
y'hfu' k|Zg Psf Ps GXofd]l;t Gof]+;f+
GXofDxof– uha HjL . t/ lnnL+ ;/n ;xh
:jefj+ r§ hjfkm lan–
æu'g] ofo\u' .Æ
æ5hf v"a y'Dx x] vM sf lnnL, u'g] ofo\
cMk' wsfM 5Gt ;'gf+ :ogf lan <Æ
ædf:6/ ;fx]a+Æ r§ wfn . j}u' Vjfn]
lhu' ldvf jg– Ko+uM ldvf+ r"nft– j+ ldnf
k'mltofo\ nf]d+st– lh+ g+ k'mlt dofgf . VjfM
XofpFs tof jx] Sj5't .
26 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
æd]lklgu' af/] ljrfM ofo\u' 6fod] k'mSs
l;g+ yMt cGtof{dL x] 7x]/ ofO{ . lhlt
dgf]lj1fg y"Dx d]lk+ ;'+ db' w}y]+ vF NxfO . vF
lksfM;f y's] ax; rn] HjLk"m . t/ don ax;
ofgf Rjg] lndnfM– dfMu' g+ dv' . lnlnofu'
dgf]lj1fg lh+ y'n– lhu'g+ lnln+ y'n HjLdfM .
lhlk+ lgDx]l;t+ l5+ Dxl;n .
n]vsoft tf]tfM n]vof b'g]oflk+ dg"t
Dx;Lu' Yj g+ 5u" yf}+ sGx]oflk+ cfnf]rstou'
u'0f x] vM . n]vsofu' cEoGt/ofu' vF ;LsfM–
n]vsoft tf]tfM n]vsofu' cfnf]rgf Rj}lk+
;dfnf]rst wGojfbof kfq dv';f 5' < cy]x]
Yj sxfgL Ajgf yMu' JolQmut sxfgL zf:q
gfk t'ngf ofgfM Gofof;g] RjgfM KjfSs
gjfOlk+ dgf]j}1flgs ;dfnf]rst yg sd
HjLdv' . lvrf+ pn wsfM cbfnt] jgfM xfMjg]u'
a'l4dfgL dv' . Gofo– zf:q] lvrf+ GofMu'of
jf;M db' . ts{ zf:q] k|]d ofo\ dHo" w}u' vF
db' . k|]d zf:q] k|]d kfz+ So+s] dHo" w}u' pkb]z
db' . vF tf]KjLu' lhu' jfgL db' .
±±
sGx] v'Gx' :jDx txs]x]F dWo] bs\l;a]
Gxfkf+ jx] lhu' GXof]g] jn . j Psbd d5fM
dh";] jn w}u' vF dv' . lhu' dg]– :jofg+
nHhf tyf dl5+kx jofs] cKkf] vg] b' . cog+
jn, km]t'n . Gxfkf lnkf :jofM j yf}+ tfkfSs
k]mQ'n .
æ5fo\ pHofFYo+s Rjgf, y'HofF jf/] .Æ lh+
wof . wofDx]l;of ;M vft .
 j erfx] y'HofF ;/] dh':o] wfn– …yg x] Ho" .Ú
lshflk+s] kf7 Gog]j j+ lj:tf/+ wfn–
æbfO, yf}+ lhs] kf7 djlgÆ t/ yf}+ lhu' dg+
wfMls 5' j+ uy] Dx't'+ wfn vM cYo]x] lhtM …
bfOÚ yMt …s]x]FÚ vg] k'mu'h";f, psy+ lnlrn]u'
h?/t b';f <
Yjof+ lnkf, nf+ nf+ y'sy+ x] lzIfs j lziofof
;DaGw c6"6?k+ rn] h'n . u'an]+ u'at] u'at]
ts lgDx hs x] PsfGt] lx;fa ofsf Rjgfan]
j}u' dg ug jgf Rjg d:o', u'lnVo] k|sf/+ vF
y'Osf+ g+ j+ vF dy'n . cyjf lh YjLsfDx]l;of x]
dg yft] dnfMu'ln+ nf d:o' Û
lnlnofu' d'n] tof tMu' l;nf]6] Rj+u' lx;fa
5' u'hfu' cfj]z] nfgf d:o', …cy] dv'Ú wsfM
;x;f yMu'x] Nxflt+ Dx'oflaof lh+ . j yf/fSs
jg– lh lr+sldg . ;ts{ h'of pVo]F y'v]F 5sM
:jof– j+ g+ :jt . ;'gf g+ dv+ . j}u' d'n] Bf]g]
Rjf]+u' l;nf]6] t'+ lh+ ldn] dh"u' lx;fa YjLsf
ldn] ofgf Sogf laof j+ YjLsf sfo\dk'm . xfg+
YjLsf laof, xfg+ dy" . YjLsf, dy"– YjLsf,
dy" Û cn] j+ wfn– æyf}+ Dxfn– sGx]sf .Æ
±±
xfg+ blR5 lnkf x] ltlg lh Yj5o]F åfxfF
aof . lzIfs–a[lQ tf]tfM db]z] hfuL/ gof
agfu' . l5s\lk;+ dQL tof lbn HjL lh+ v/bf/
h'nnf– ;'Aaf h'nnf . t/ lh ;flxlTos,
v/bf/ ;'Aaf uan] HjL kmO . 5u" lrlsrfw+u'
klqsfof ;Dkfbs h'of jgfu'– blR5– lnkf
;Dkfbs kb tf]tfM lnxfF jof .
lnlnof cj' a]ln ofgf Rj+u'ln+ lh sf]7fo\
ofsMof cYo]+ Rj+Rjgf . sf]7f+ lkg] ;'+ xfMy]+
;M tfo\ bofM cos\ :jof– lnln x] Û n'vf+
alS5 Dxhs vg] bo\s RjgfM ld;f 5Dxgfk vF
Nxfgf Rjg . j ld;f+ wfn cf7 ah] HjL w'+sn
dfh' xfnf Rjg HjL, ofsg+ emf;F g' .Æ
æg' jn j;M k'gf jo\sf .Æ
æco\ lnln, yg :j .Æ lh+ ;Mtfu' dtfnnf
5' y]+ j;M k'g]t b'/{// :jfxfg]+ yfxfF jg .
nfsf+ GXofgf :jfxfg] sf]xfF jf]u' g+ tfo\
bt . lh Rj+Rjgfu' sf]7f+ yfxfF jg]u' :jfxfFg]
g+ vg]db', sf]xfF jg]u' :jfxfFg] g+ vg] db' .
:jfxfFg]+ sf]xfF jgf RjDx DXofo\oft df+Gx]:of+
wfMu' tfo\ bt– ælnln, k'GxL w'+sf ;Mts] xo\,
jf Xgf+ ÛÆ
…bo\Ú wfwf+ lnln sf]xfF jg . s'g] 5]8L Yog]
w'+s'Gx lnln+ ;MtMjMDxl;t …cf:o] Gxf+Ú wsfM
xfg+ b'/{// yfxfF jn . lh Rj+Rjgfu' sf]7fo\
:jfQ åfxfF jofsy+ lhtM 5Øf]+ sf]5'sn . lh
j}u' j+ v+ vgLsf Û lh+ …Djfn dwf;]+Ú …ug jg]
Togfu'Ú wsfM Gogf . ljr/f+ 5' hjfkm laO Û
yMu' ;jfn+ yM yd+t' nlHht h'ofM lh+ xfg+
wof– …lnln, lh+ 5Gt cfM …lnlnÚ wfo\ dv't,
…kb\dfÚ wsfM ;Mt] .Æ
…5fo\ <Ú – j+ lGxnf lGxnfM wfn .
…lnlnÚ dfg] g+ hf …kb\dfÚ x] vMlg– t/ 5
yf}+ sGx] lnln dv't …kb\dfÚ h'n .Æ
æ5fo\, lh pan] j cfM 5' kft <Æ
æpan] DXofo\drf, cfM ef}drf .Æ

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 27
Rjv+
cfo6g j cljBf af/]
cfo6g lem+lgu' k|sf/of sgfM tMu' b' .
cfo\6g+ hGd hGdfGt/ b'Mvo\ So+sf o+ls . j x]
b'Mvo\ Sosf o+sLu' cfo6goft lg/f]w hs ofo]
km';f hLjg uy] h'O . Yj cg'e"lt ljkZogfo\
;xeflu h'O w'Fs"lk+ Wofg ;fws ;sl;s] Yj
1fg b' . y"u' jf dy"u' d]u' x] vF vM . n'd+sLu'
cfr/0fo\ jlgu' djlgu' yMu' nIfof knf h'n .
k|sltof b'Mv+ d'Qm h'Ou' vM;f Yj nFk" afx]s+ d]u'
nFk" yg bx] db' . Yj bfh'of 1fg+ dv+ . Yj nIf
j nIf0fof cfwf/ lj1fg+ g+ 5'F O{of nfuL h"u'
j Ao"u' b' . tyfutof nF y] :yL/ dh", j dv' .
ljZj+ tMs}oft lgaf{0f lan . Yj wofu' tM s} Yj
;+;f/o\ dGt . u'An]ts < pAn]ts h'O{ . u'An]
ts Vjkofu' kmd{'nf :olg dv' . vf]k sfo]u'
laOu' TjMlkm dv' . vf]k 5'to\ h'nls tMs} g+
xfg+ hGd sfMj} . t/, tyfut+ sgfM laHofu'
cfo6g oft lg/f]w ofo]kmtwfM;f ;[li6 ko{Gt
:yL/+ h'O{ cf cfo\6gof gf+ 5s n'd+s]–
!–claBf, @–;+:sf/, #–lj~`fg, $–gfd?k
%–;nfo6g ^–km:; &–t0xf *–pkfbfg, (–ej,
!)–hftL !!–h/f !@–d/0f, Yj lem+lgu" cfP6g
k'g/hLjg j y'lsof d"n cfwfl/t h" . dfgj
hLjg j k|f0fL hLjgof lg+lt t:;s+ b'Mvof xf vM
Yj . u'u' d]lk+lgu' hLjg+ y'Os] j ;LOs] km}u' j
nF cg'zLngof vF tfkfu' h'n . dfgj hLjgoft
g+ Ajg] j Rjo] y]+ ck" dh' . >Lw/ /f0ffh'
28 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
a'4 g]jfM
u'DxAolQm yf}+ xlndo\ g}:sDo hLjgofDx af}4
dxfTdfof ?ko\ kl/lrt ;hLjltlg, bgL . cy]
x] d]Dx dxfTdf vM –>L ;Togf/fo0f uf]oGsfh',
u'Dx JolQm lxGb' u[xl:y hLjg h'of g+ laZjofu'
u[x:yL hLjgof GXof]g] u'sy+ u'hf]u' yf;o\
to]sf lbj+ut h'of laHoft . j:kf]n uf]oGsf
u'?oft c/xt k'?if j lgaf{0f k|flKt dxfg k'?if
wfo] lht dfl:t jMu' vM . yy]of g'uM cfkfn+
;fws lklgu' ;M g+ g+ lkxf+ jMu' Gogfu' b' . t/
j:kf]n+ yM c/xt j lgaf{0fof :yfg cg'df]bgof
r]tgf gfnf sofM ladHof . :jo\jno\ vg] db' .
cg'ejo\ ;sl;t+ dfMu' dfSjM b'  . cfotg wofu'
vg] :jo] dbof g+ y's]+ ;'F x] d'Qm db'u' phf]u'
5u" hfn y]+ g+ vM . cn] j cfo6goft lg/f]w
ofo]kmt wf;f d'lQm j lgaf{0f Yo+s dv';f tw+u'
zflGtof cg'e"lt yg b'g] cg'e"t h'O{ . Yjx]
cfotgofu' pb\o Aoo\ 1fg+ x] tyfut a'4oft
g+ j:kf]nof yf;o\ Yo+u' vM . j:kf]nof d"n yfo\
wofu' ug u'u'+ k|sf/of lkTofM UofM j clgTo
db' . cf jx] åfbz cfo6gof pbfg j lgbfgof
;'q -kmd{"nf_ 5l;+sy+ n'd+sf ;LOs jg] .
!–claBf, tyfut+ sgfM s]gf laHofu' Gxfkfu'
b'Mvof cfwf/ claBf vM . Yj j:kf]n a'4of ;M
hf vx] vt . ævM dv' kl/If0f ofgf ;Too\
nfM;f hs lhu' vF gfnfsf . lh+ wfMu' wfo]j+
gfn] dt] .Æ Yj j:kf]nof ;M n'd+sf …claBfÚ
vFk'oft y'Os]u' s't ofo] . …claBfÚ …ljBfÚ yg
;LOs]dfu' vF Yj b' ls laBfb'lk+ jf oSsf] Ajgf
tMlk+ h'Oj+ claBf+ d'Qmlk+ dv' . tyfutofu'
bz{g b'g]of ch" e'ldsf x] Yj h'ofRju' b' .
y'hf]u' x] sf/0f+ a'4ofu' wd{oft dfq a'l4dfgL
lklgu' wd{ wsf yf}+ g+ ;M Yjof Rj+u' ;sl;g+
Go+u' j tfMu' cjZo x] bO{ . yg emL;+ g+ Yj vF
oft n'dd+s';] claBfof kmn n'Os] km}dv' . yg
laBf j claBf wofu' vFUjM hLjg Djfo]u' ln;]+
5'F x] ;DaGw db'  . b';f hLjg :yL/ zflGtof nFo\
;dlk{t b' . cy] h'of yg lj1fg j ljsf;of
n+ tfkfo\ ;+lIfKt hs claBfoft y'Os]u' ofo] .
:yL/ zflGt j lgTo sfo\d h'Ou' j ofo] km}u'
1fg oft x] hs j:kf]n tyfut a'4+ claBfo\
dnfDx jf laBf wof laHofu' wofu' v+ vM .
claBf b'Mvof Gxfkf+u' k';f vM . cljBf d'Qm
hLjg lgTo ;'v zflGtof hLjg vM, j h'O{ .

!!#& gnf:jf+ lko]

le+t'gf

k|ltef jh|frfo{
yf}+sGx] no\kf}oft RjGXofs]t lhjsfMl5 hM -cfhLjg
;b:o_ h'ofM Ujxfln ofgflbOu'ln+ l5u' :jf:Yo ;'yf+nfgf
le+ h'odf wsf ;'efo gfk+ le+t'gf b]5fgfu' h'n .

kl/jf/

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 29
;dfnf]rgf
k'nf++u' pkGof; ænFo\ n"DxÆof
5u" Ajynf
zlzsnf dfgGw/h'of k'nf+u' pkGof; ænFo\
n"DxÆ g]= ;+= !!!& ; wfo\ano\ yf}+ :jof lgu"
bzs GXof]+ x] lkb+u' pkGof; vM . vnf Rjldof
yMu' wfMk" sy+ g]kfn efiffof ;flxTo Vono\ bsn]+
Gxfkf+ jo\sof Rj;f sljtfo\ Gx\ofMu' vM;f+tla
lnkf afvgo\ dg Sj;fMu'of x'lg+ ægldÆ afv+
;km" g]=;+= !!)@ ; lkbg . cy]x] jo\sof
Gxfkf+u' pkGof; æz}nLÆ u'u' g]=;+= !!)^ ;
lkb+u' le+m5bF lnkf ltlg lgu"u' pkGof;sy+ ænFo\
n"DxÆ lkxfFjMu' h'n . Yj pkGof; d's+ ;fdflhs
h'of y'ls+ pu' Ono\of ;dfhoft Gxfo\s+ :jo\y]+
Sogf Jo"u' h'n . Yj pkGof;of kf}Nof !$^
b' cno\ y'lsoft gL Ajno\ AjynftMu' b' ;f
y'lsof k|sfzg kn]:jfF lkygfkfv]+ h"u'h'n .
yf}+ :jof RofbF Gx\o+ g]=;+= !!#) kf]x]nfuf
ifi7Lv'Gx' 5Dx kf;fgfk+ gfltah|of ;km"w's"O
yLyL klqsf j ænFo\ n"DxÆ pkGof; 5u" g+
GofgfM . g]kfn efiffof gf+bFDx ;flxTosf/ do\h'
zlzsnf dfgGw/h'of yLyL /rgft Ono\ Jono\
yLyL kqklqsfo\ vgfRjgfu' x] h'n, :jofRjgfu'
x] h'n . lh+ dgo\ Yj pkGof; Gxfkf+u' pkGof;
nf wsf dlt j+u' vM;f+tla Yj x] ;km"of lhu'
g'un+ Ajgf :jof+ ;L bt ls z}nL jo\sof
Gxfkf+u' pkGof; j Yj lgu"u' h'ofRjg . ;km"
k"j+s Ajgf yMu' dlt n"u' vF 5'+5'+ Rjo\ dfl:tjof
30 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
bLks /fh æVjkÆ
pan] x] Rj;f Gx\ofsfu' vM;f+ j k"djg, ykfno\
ltlg k"jlgu' h'n . 5fo\wfM;f xfg+ 5Sj Yj x]
;km" Sjrfo]sf y'lsof 5'+ vF wfo] dgbof Rj;f
Gx\ofsf .
cfM lh+ k'nf+u' pkGof; ænFo\ n"DxofÆ
syfj:t' oft Ajynf :jo\u' s'tMofo\ . Yj
pkGof; 5u" gf/Lk|wfg Aoyf+ eo\Jo"u' wfM;f+
kfo\l5 h" . y'lsof d" kfq sy+ cr{gf 5Dx
Dx\ofo\drf :j+u"u' tlu+no\ cfvM Ajgf Rjlgano\
jof df+ dbO . y'an] j+ 5'+ x] af+nfs ;Ldv' j
t;s+ x] rLlwltgL . y'v] af}of d]Dx snfM Jofxf
ofgfM xO . yy] cr{gf Gx\o;df+of Dx\ofo\ h"jlg
;f jof Gx"Dx dfd+ j}t ldvf s'+rf+ x] :jo\ dg
bOdv' Gx\ofan]+ Gx\ofyfo\g+ Ajhs aL . cr{gf+
df+ wsf gjfM;f+ lh 5+ df+ dv' 5+ df+ nf ;Lt
wsf wfO, bg] erf lnkfnfM;f+ u'ln Bg]dfMu' Yj
Hof 5' 5+ dfd+ of jOnf wsf AjaL . cr{gfof
Gx"Dx df+of gf+ nlntf vM df+ wsf ;Mt';f t+rfOu'
cno\ lr/L df+ wsf ;t] dlhn;f gf+ sof ;Mt]u'
vF h'Odv' pls+ cr{gf+ nlntfoft 5'+ x] ;Djf]wg
dofOu' vM .
cr{gfof drfan] lg;]+of kf;f 5Dx bO
gf+ ;'dg u'Dx Ajg] Sjrfo\sf cd]l/sf jgfM
cg x] Rjg]u' ljrfMofDx ldh+ kfqMh'O . ;'dg
g]kfno\ b' ano\ cr{gfof kf;flk+ gfk+ ;'dgoft
g+ gu/sf]6o\ lkslgs Ajgfo+ls . gu/sf]6
Vjkof k"j{o\of 5u" yfo\ ug+ yLyL lxdfnof
n' :jo\of lg+lt+ xlndo\of oSj x] yf;+ dg" t
cg jOlk+ DjM DjM b' . yy] x] Old by'O vF h'O
ls ygof kmo\ u'ln VjfFpF ;kmf yg w' g+ db'
sF' g+ db' o]Fo\ :j Gx\ofyfo\ j+;f+ w' j s'F hs .
ygof ns; u'ln cfgGb la/fdL yg xoftM;f
ofsg+ x] nfOwsf yLyL vF NxfNxf+ gu/sf]6
Yolg . cg Old;+ ;'dg u'ln x\ofo\08;d\
:jo]ano\ /fh]z vGgf y]+ Rj+ wsf cr{gfof
kf;f+ VoflnofO cno\ cr{gfof dgo\ g+ vnf
vM ;'dgof efj :jo]ano\ cy] x] Rj+ . pu'
Ono\ ns; sy+ t;s+ ao\ao\ h'ofRj+Dx lxlGb
l;g]df VMoMof 5Dx t;s+ nf]s+X\jfMDx snfsf/
vM /fh]z vGgf . pu' Ono\ Gogft}u' vF sy+
/fh]z vGgf yMu' t'o'u' :kf]{6{;\ sf/ Hjgf lkxfF
jOano\ ld:to\;+ j}u' t'o'u' sf/oft r'KkfMgof
X\oFfpsfaL wfO . cno\ 5sMnf 5Dx ld;f
/fh]z vGgf jMu' vgfM sMl;+ x] ltGx'of jMu'
wfMu' g+ vF ao\ao\ h"u' vM. yy] 5Dx /f]dflGts
lx/f] sy+ /fh]z vGgf bsn] Gxfkf+Dx ;'k/:6f/
h"'u' h'n . yg ;'dgoft g+ yy] t'ngfo\ofMu'
x'lg+ pu' Ono\of ns;oft Rjld+ n'd+s"u'
vg]b' . pkGof;of sy+ cr{gfof dg ;'dgkfv]
Sj;fM;f+ ;'dgoft 5+' wfo\ dkm}u' RjoftMu' h'n
vfln y'ln hs ls cr{gfof af} g+ ;'dgof Ajg]
Sjrfo\ w'+sn h'O lg wsf Dx\ofo\ ofs] Golg
ano\ Ajg] l;wM;f+ j nf cd]l/sfo\ RjgfM cg
x] Hof ofgfM sd]ofo\u' xF wsf af}Dx]l;t ln;M
aL . y'u' sy+ pkGof; AjgfM :jo]ano\ cr{gfof
dgof vF dgo\ x] nfgfM Rj+ y]+ yd+ tfo]sfu'
h'n . yy] x] wfwfdwf+ ;'dgof cd]l/sf jg]u'
O{ ToofjO . gfk+ cr{gfoft gfknfMjo] wfwf+ O{
db"u' x'lg+ gfkdnfM;]+ x] cd]l/sf jlgO .
cr{gf drf+lg;]+ df+ dbof b'Mv :o"Dx gfk+
lr/Ldf+of Nxfto\ nfgfM jof kfv]of DXofo\of
;'bf+ lsrlsr Gog]dfnL . v nf lr/Ldf|of Dxofo\
;/Ltfoft yd]:of+ x] Rj, lv sof, a'of h'ofM
lDxtM j+;f+, k;M j+;f+ n's'l5gf h'Ou' jof Orf
lxOu', cfvMAjj+;f+ lnxfF j;f+ yd+ x] ljrfMofgf
x's{o\ ofgftof g+ lnkf ;/Ltf ef;+ l;of j;f+
lg;]+ y gfk+ tfkfgf jgfM jof yM df+ nlntf
gfk+ ;ltgf j+u'h'n . plnhs dv' yMt ;xgfk+
dofgf xo] w'+s"u', dfd+ gfk+ gfk+ j g+ lngfM xfnf
xOu', 5+' wfM;f+ 5\j5\j ld+s xflnu' sf]yfo\ l6le
:jofRj+;f+ ;/Ltf+ yM oMu' Rofgn ltofM :jOu'
yLyL sy+ x]ko\ ofgf xOu' cno\ j gfk+ 5+' xfM;+f
af} g+ gfk+ 5' xfnfRjgfu' ;'Ds Rj+ wsf yMt x]
Ajlaof Old x] k+ lnOu'ln+ cr{gf db'Dx df+ oft
n'd+sf df+of lskf :jof g'uMdl5+sf Rjlgu' h'O .
Yj 5u" sy+ cr{gfof ?ko\ ;dfho\ h'ofRj+u'
tMw+u' bl;M vM . df+af}g+ lnkfof ljrfMdof;]+
d:to\ lnkfof hLjgoft j]jf:tf ofgfM yMu'
hs :jof lanls+ yHofu' Njfk' Vofk'+ lGx+lGx+
srsr h'of j 5]Fof zfGtL pv]nf y'v]nf db}u'
nf h"x]h'n . u'lsoft ;flxTosf/ do\h'+ y'+lbs
Sogf Ao"u' oSj x] kfo\l5 .
v nf cr{gfof k|fOe]6 hfuL/ b' ;]qm]6/Lof .
cy];f+ 5]F hs dg lbSs ;f clkm;o\g+ j x]
tfn 5fo\wfM;f cgof xflsdof g+ yM snfM bFb+
ts dkmof jof Joyf Ono\ Jono\ cr{gf+ dg
db';f+ Gog]df . yy]h'of cr{gf Gx\ofyfo] j+;f+
dg rds+ . yy] x] 5Gx" dg dRjgf clkm;+ 5]F
lnxfF dj+;]+ 5yfo\ Bf]kfyfo\ gfk+ Rj+u' kmNrfo\
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 31
ofsrfM RjgfRjlgO . cg x] 5Dx dg" jO cno\
cr{gfoft gjfgf j gfk+ Rjgf vF Jofls . j
dg"of gf+ lbk+s/ u'Dx]:of+ cr{gfoft nf+nf+
Gx\o+lg;]+ g'jfo\t tfs]o\ ofgf Rjlgu' vM;f+tla
cr{gf+ nl5 Gx\o+ hs jf rfo\s"u' h'O  . Gx\ofu' yh'
j+ vF NxfMu' :jof cr{gfoft ugug+ dg cfgGb
h'O 5fo\5fo\ j ldh+gfk+ vF Nxfgf x] Rjg]nf w}y]+
h'O . vnf Olk+ cy] RjgfRj+u' 5Dx lgDx Bf]
rfMX\o'jMlk+ Dx:o'lk+ dg"to\;+ k\mjfFoF\k\mjfFoF\ :jof
lGxnfj+lk+ g+ vlg cr{gf+ cy];f+ j}t Djfo\;]+ 5'
dtna wsf j]jf:tf ofgfM vF NxfgfRjgL . j
gfk+ Rjgf vF Nxfgf Rjlgano\ cr{gf+ yMDx]:of+
Nx\jgf t}u' 5u" tMw+u' af]em lbs"u' y]+ tfo\ls .
cno\ dg ofpF ;f+ lnafgf xyf;+ 5]F kfv] jlgO
dgo\ dlt tt+ lh+ yf}+ nFo\ dg" 5Dx n'Osf . yy]
lbk+s/oft ljZjf; ofgf j gfk+ :jfk" Sjft'ls
cno\ j g+ yMDx x] dg" w}y]+ dg tof j gfk+ yLyL
yf;o\ gfknfgf x] RjgL . yy] x] lGx Gx\ofgf
RjgL .
5Gx"of vF vM cr{gf 5]\F ofsMrf h'O
5fo\wfM;f jof lr/Ldf+ j andfof -5Dx
hnfvnf_ lkg] jg]dfMu' af}Dx GxfrMx] lkxfFj+u'
cno\ ;/Ltf g+ 6\o"zg jgf Rj+u'ln+ j ofsMrf
h"u' vM y'an] jof ;km":jof Rj+Rju' Ono\
lkg+ cr{gf wsf ;Mt"u' y]+ tfo\ls lbk+s/of
;My]+ Rjlg xfg+ ;Mt'u' tfo\sf e\mofn+ :jOano\
lbks/ lGxnfRjlg;f cr{gf+ yfxfF jf wsfwfO
co\g+ j s'xfFjgf lbk+s/oft gfknfjlg .
lbk+s/+ gf+ 5+s] pv'Gx' sofMu' bf+ wsf lntaL .
Olk+ vF NxfgfRj+Rj+ x] cg ;/Ltf Yo+sjO .
;/Ltf+ Gofl;rfgf lbk+s/oft gd:sf/ofgfM
Nxf ldn]ofO gfk+ Rof Tj+ jg]t g+ Ogfk ofO
32 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
co\g+ lbk+s/ lnkf jo]wsf wfO;f ;/Ltf 5]F
yfxfFjlg . lbk+s/ jg]w'+sf elt lnkf cr{gf
g+ yfxfF jO . eltrf hfo]sf ;/Ltf d]u'
j;Mlkmgf lkxfFjlg . axgL lnafsM ;/Ltfoft
5Dx Dxd:o"Dx dg" df]6/;fOsn+ 5]F to\ xOu'
cr{gf+ x] vlg y'an] cr{gf s'g] r'so\ 8«do\
nMhfMnf dhfMnf wsf :jjMu' O{ h'ofRjgL .
;/Ltf j ldh+ lgDx vf;v'; vF Nxfgf Rj+;f+
cr{gf+ tfOdv' . knv lnkf j ldh+ jg]w'sf
;l/tf+ cr{gfoft vlg;f y'an] cr{gf+ GxoM;
tO ls ug jgf jofu' < ;l/tf+ 5Gt 5fo\
wsf wfO . cy]g+ xfg+ j dg" ;' wsf Golg ;f
;l/tf+ Gx\ofDx;f+ 5Gt 5fo\ wsfM ln;Mlaof
cr{gfoft WjfgfM tno\ jlg . dfd+ ;l/tfoft
gfOs AjMJo"u' ;M cr{gf+ tno\ jj+ tfO cno\
dgo\jlg ls yy] lh+ ofMu' h";fM u'ln Dx't'jftM
h'O ;F k" jn h'O oMDx j doMDx w}u' u'ln kfOu'
;l/tf yM Dx\ofo\ h'n ;f lh Gx\oy' Dx\ofo\ h'n
wsfM cr{gfof dgo\ yLyL vF bf;L jofRjgL .
k|s[ltof j/bfg sy+ cflbdsfn+lg;]+ Gx\ofgf
jofRj+u' dg"of hGd+ 5Dx+ lgDx lgDx+ KoDx h'of
5]FhM 5]FhMh'of ;d'bfo\ cno\ k'rM k'rM ;d'bfo\
ldn]h'of AjMn+u' ;dfho\ yLyL dg"of yLyL kL/
dsf{ b'vM lrGtft g+ AjMngf Rj+u' h'n uy]
u'Dx+:of go] dvgfM b'vM u'ln+ 5]FhM dbof b'vM
u'Dx+:of+ 5]F aF' dbof b'vM u'lnl;of+ ;Gtfg db'of
b'vM ug+ ;Gtfg bof g+ af+dnfMu' nFo\ jgf b'vM.
yy] dg" hGd sfo]t ro\K+o+u' of]lgh'of yLyL
hGd sfo\df wsf dg" hGdsfO wfO;f dg"
h'ofg+ yLyL b'vMt nf b x] b' .
zlzsnfh'of Yj pkof;o\g+ cr{gf 5Dx
yHofDx ld;f kfq vM ls g j}t ;'gf+ Ro"tf
tO g ;'of+ j}t dfof bO . yM af} bof g+
lr/Ldf+of Nxft+ DjfgfM Rjg]dfMDx 5Dx ofsMld;f
u'ls+ofgfM af}of dfof g+ pln sfo]dv+ . yHofu'
Ono\ cr{gfof lbk+s/ n'dgf jOu' j gfk+ x]
u'an]+ klGt u'an]+ jof clkm;o\ x] gfknf jlgu'
h'of x] RjgL . lbk+s/+ cr{gft lkg] rfXo" jg]u'
g+ vF NxfO;f u'an]+ yM 5]Fo\ bgf Rjgfu' wsf g+
wfO . yLyL yHofu' vF cr{gf+ tKo+s x] dgo\
sfO . lkg] rfXo" jg]t 5]Fo\of ns;+ ldn] x]
dh'n . pls+ klGtof v';L wfo\ls ;+lskfof lx/f]
lx/f]Og y]+ v';Lof nvo\ lgDx Nxf HjgfM pv]+y'v]+
h'ofRjlg cno\ vF NxfNxf+ klGt b] w}u' yfo\
Ejvfr+ dlyOu' vF h'O 5fo\ w}u' vF cgof x]
5Dx j[åofs] Gog]sg] ofO jo\sMof wfMk" sy+
klGt b] 5u" tMUju' NjxFof Bg] nfMu' x'lg+ d]yfo\
EjvfMo\AjM;f+ yg ;+ls x] dv' yg Rjlk+lg 5]F
bg]t hu jx] NjxF vg]bo\s Dx'O . cy]x] lsk"g+
yy] x] vM wsf vF h'O . yy] vF h'of klGt
b] rfMlxnf 5yfo\ k;no\ jlg lbk+s/ cgof
;fx"gfk+ cno\ d]Dx 5Dxgfk+ vF Nxfgf cg x]
Rjg]u' vF wfO cr{gf oft . cr{gf y'ls dfg]
h'Odv' yMu' 5]Fof tfn lbk+s/ oft wof jg]t
:jO . y'yfo\ Rjld do\h'of ljrfMoSj x] Rj5fo\
axh" . nFo\ n'Os"Dx lbk+s/ oft cr{gf+ 5Dx
ljZjf; kfq sy+sfM;f+ u'an]+ lkg]o+sfM ld olsu'
sy+ cno\ u'an]+ xf]6no\ tof Gx\ofu'g+ ofo\km"u'
sy+ dgo\ n'Os"u' x] oSj tfMnf vg]b' . Yj 5u"
Gx\ofDx+ ld:to\;+ ;f]ro\ ofo\dfMu' vM y]+ tfM .
u'ls Rjldof dg oSj Sjft' vg]b' .
cr{gfof clkm;of xflsd ljgf]b ;/of
5]FhM kfv]+ u'an]+ x] zfGtL db' jof snfM 5Dx
lb3{ Njr+ sofMRj+Dx ld;f h'n . Yj x] vF 5Gx"
ljgf]b ;/+ cr{gfof Gx\og] sgfM j gfk+ Olxkf
ofo]u' OR5f ofO NjluDx snfMoft kf/kfr's]
ofgfM . Yj v+ cr{gfof dgo\ ldh+to\ kfv]+
ljt[i0ff h'O yM gfk+ h'u+h'u X\jgf jORj+Dx
snfMoft nf 5' lg+ 5' ofgf kf/kfr's] jLu'
w}u' nf 5u" lgb{lo h'n wsf dgo\ jgL . ch
5Gx" lgGx" ljrfMofo]u' O{ laof ln;MaLt wfO .
cr{gfof dgo\ ldh+t w}lk+ yMt oMu' h'nls+
Gx\ofu' ofOlk+ 5+u" vF lhtM d+ db' wsf wfo] nf
dfl:tjM;f+tla j+ wfo] km}dv' . 5sM cr{gfof
sn]hof ldn]h"Dx kf;f+ cfsfemfsf+ kmf]] g+ 5u"
xyfo\h"u' Hofb' kmof+kmSj+ ofsg+ gfknfo]t
Ogfk ofO . cr{gfof ljgf]b ;/ clkm; djMu'
kfMnfsf kf;f gfknfMjlg . 5]Fo\ kf;fof s]x]F
gfknfO ;f j gfk+ tfpt vF Nxfo] w'+sfM kf;f
5]Fo\ jO cr{gf oft vlg s]x]Foft Rof bo]sf
xo]t 5\jof cr{gf 5 uHofDx gfk+ h'of Rjgfu'
wsfM kf;f+ wfO, j dg"of aflg lysdh' 5Gt
j+ Wjvf laofRj+u' b' plnhs dv' j ;/Ltf
gfk+ g+ h'ofRj+u' j Oldt u'an]+ xno\ u'an]+
Byfo\ vg]w"+u' vF g+ kf;f+ cr{gfoft wfO Yj
vF GogfM cr{gf l;df+ s't'j+Dx y]+ h'O;f pan]
lbk+s/ cr{gf oft gfk nfjMano\ ;l/tfoft
lbk+s/of Dxl;sf ofs"u' j ;l/tf+ Gofl;rfof
Nxfldn]ofMu' n" ;+lskfy]+ h'of n'ofjO gfk+
Ono Jono\ ;l/tf jof vfkf rfo]s jlgano\
df]6/;fOsn o+s] w'+lsu' g+ n'dgf jO . y'ls+
cr{gfof dgo\ UjMkmo\ jO . cno\ lbk+s/oft
kmf]g ofO gfknfo]u' vF NxfO lbk+s/+ dnfMwof
kmf]g tofla . 5Gx" clkm; jg]dfDx cr{gf
cg dj+;]+ lbk+s/of clkm; jlg . cg cr{gf+
lbk+s/ nf gfk nfOdv' jof kf;f gfknfO .
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 33
j+ lbk+s/ lem+GofGx'of nflu+ lkg]j+u' vF slg .
Yj pkGof;of SnfOd]S; cno\ Rjld do\h'of
kl/ .sNkgf ygyfo\ oSj x] Rj5fo\ axMh" .
lbk+s/ clkm;of Hof+ lem+GofGx"of lg+lt+ lkg] j+u'
dv';]+ ;l/tfoft Ajfs] o+s"u' cno\ ;l/tf+ af}
of 5]Fo\ 5u" tnf ysfo]t t}tMu' 5u" nfv Wj]af
j df+of lt;fKjM g+ Hjgf j+u' oSj x] dfld{s
vg]b' . y'an] x] lbk+s/of clkm;o\ 5Dx dg"+
j}t go\y]+ :jofRjlg . cr{gf+ j ;" wsf Golg
j lbk+s/of sfo\ wsf ln;MjO 5fo\ lbk+s/
Jofxfh'O w'+s"Dx nf wsf yMu' dgo\ Ejvf
Ajo]sfRjlg;f elt lnkf 5Dx afHo j+Dx ld;f
j Gxfr go\y]+ :jofRj+Dx dg" cr{gfof Gx\og]
jof sf nl;+ 5 x] dv'nf lbk+s/oft NojM
toft}Dx j]Zof sf wfM j}t ug ;'r'sftof wsf
;FHjgf emtfktf ofO . cr{gf nf 5emfM jfNn
h'O Yj 5' h"u' wof . s/lklg efMtMoft ldvf
tof rfX\o' h'ODx Nojl;+, j]Zof wsf s;fMofO  .
lnkf aNn tNn Oldt kgf cr{gfoft 5d}:of+
lkg]xO . y'lnhs ug vM wsf lbk+s/ nf lgnfM
lt Gx\o+ af} db'Dx lgDx drfb'Dx 5Dx ld;f
gfk+ g+ h'ofRj+u' cno\ yf}+ sGx] :s"no\ cfvM
AjlgDx 5Dx drfgfk g+ h'of Rj+u' wsf g+
;LbO cgjgf .
yy] yMd+ clts+ ljZjf; ofgftMDx 5Dx
nFo\ n"Dx lbk+s/ u'Dxgfk+ yLyL yf;o\ rflxnf
bSjl;Sj vF JofsfM Rj+Dx dg+ g'uno\ 5'/f+
;'u"y]+ ofgf 3ft ofgflaO . b];+ lkg] ljb];o\
Ajgfo+s]t g+ s'tMoft, klGt rflxn] y]+ ofgfM
cg 5u" xf]6no\ x] Rjg]u' g+ s'tMofO u'lsoft
Rjld+ ld;fto\ ln1f+ bo]df cr{gf y]+ ;l/tf y]+
dv'wsf g+ pnfJo"u' y]+ tfo\sf . cr{gf 5Dx
34 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
yHofDx ld;f kfq h'n ls yMu' hGdsfl5 x]
b'Mv+ sofRj+Dx, yM drf ano\ x] df+ dbof
lr/Ldf+of Nxft+ ljjz af} of :g]x ts+ vfln
h'of DjfgfRj+Dx cno\ lr/Ldf+of af+dnfMu'
aflg+ cy]x] jofx] Dxo\fo\ ;l/tfof a}u'lg
Jojxf/+ sf]To]sf Rjg]dfMu', clkm;o\ 5Dx
ldh+g+ a]Sjldvf+ :jOu' j ofOu' Jojxf/, cgof
x] xflsd+ Olxkf ofo]t dg+ t'lgu' vF yy] emLu'
;dfh gfk+ ldn]h"u' j y'v]pv] h'of Rjlgu'
j vg] bOu' 5u" Gxfo\s+ vM u'u' Rjld do\h'+
pnflbu' tl;s+ Rj5fo\axMh" . yg x] pkGof;
Sjdrf . lhu' dgo\ n'ofjMu' vF sy+ Yj
pkGof;of d" kfq ;'dg x] tf\osf . 5fo\wfM;f
Rjld+ pkGof;of ;'? g+ j x] ldh+ kfq+ cno\
cGt g+ j x] kfqsy+ SogftMu' b' . pkGof;
Ajgf :jo]ano\ g+ cr{gfof af}+ ;'dgof vF Golg
ano\ j cd]l/sfo\ x] Rjlgu' wsfM wfO . y'ls+ g+
cr{gfof dg ;'dgkfv] Sj;fM y]+ tfo\sf . cy]x]
pkGof;of cGto\ cr{gfof yMlk+;+ dofMu' å+
gfk+ yMu' 5\og] sfo\ dfln;f ;'dg+ cd]l/sf+ kf}
Rjof xof j g]kfM lnxfF jo\u' j yg x] Rjg]u'
vFt bO . yg cr{gfof km's+ yf;+ xGt/ go]w+'sf
g+ kf} yMu' Nxfto\ nfMv'Gx' x] ;'dg jOu' h'of
Pc/kf]6{ Yolg . hxfh+ ;'dg jMu' g+ vlg;f
y'an] x] cr{gfof dgo\ hLjg Ejvfo\r+ b'+s"u'
5]Fo\ dv' wof dlt n'ofjO ;'dg+ ;Mt';f+ yMu'
tfno\ jgf 5\jO ;'dgoft ln;M x] dla;]+  . yy]
5Dx dg" h'of hGd sfM;f+lg;]+ b'v+ sof cGto\
tsg Yj x] tfn sy+ gfl/oft Rjld+ ygflbn .
Yj 5u" b'vb syfj:t' oft sof RjoftMu'
cno\ oSj x] Rj5fo\ axMu' pkGof; h'n .

v“UjM Dxl;s]
d"n zAb pRrf/0f vo\ efo\ c+u|]hL
lhrfkfh' lhrfkfh' k'mjfh' one's father's sister's husband
lhhf lhhf ;f9' efO one's wife's sister's husband
lhtj lhtM dnfO{ to me
lhly lhly j[4f old woman
lhlk+ lhlk+ xfdLx¿ we
lhkmf]n lhˆjM hfOkmn nutmeg
lhld lhld xfdL¿sf] our
lhlds] lhlds] xfdL;Fu with us
lhldt lhldt xfdLnfO{ to us
lho] lhO÷lho] x'g' to be/ to become
lho]s] lhOs]÷lho]s] x'g] u/fpg' to let/ to become
lhn hL lh/f cumine seed
lhnsf lhnsf /fd|f] eof] well done
lhng lhn+ kfrg digest
lh/fxfn lh/fxfM Xofld, lh2Ljfn an obstinate person
lhn :jf+g lhn :jf+ -hL :jf+_ hfOsf] k"mn jasmine flower
lhnfhg lhnfh+ HjfO{+ one's son in low
lhj ltj+ lhpF ltpF h;f]t;f] any how, any way
lhn;fn hL ;fM lhl/sf] ;fu celery, lettace
lhjtfg hLptfM hLjge/ long life
h'
h'Ss h'Ss hd]/ s'6\g' to strike forcefully
h'Sj h'Sj ePe/sf] in detail
h'Ss] h'Ss] ePe/sf] l;l/v'l/ rf]g,{' n'6g\ ' to steel, to rob
h'Ss] h'Ss] a];/L s'6\g] to strike voilently
h'vF h'v+ ;dfrf/÷va/ news
h'u h'u o'u, bzs an age, decade
h'hg h'h+ lkpg postman
h'hg ;k"mlt h'h+ ;k"m lkpg a's peon book
h'hn h'h+ ;fwf/0f ;b:o general member of an organiztion
h'h' h'h' /fhf a king
h'h' wp h'h' wp pRr sf]6Lsf] bxL, eQmk'/] bxL a high quality yoghurt
h'Hof h'Hof ofqf travel

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 35
 a'v“
-!_ g]jfM kqsf /fli6«o bj" j df+efo k'rM on
of d+sf Uj;fno j+u' h]7 # ut] dft[efiff
kqsfl/tf lbj; xg]u' Hof h'n  . g]=;+= !)$%
;+ efiff hjfM wdf{lbTo wdf{rfo{h'F j}zfv
k'lGxof lgGx'GXoM æa'4 wd{ j g]kfnefiff
gfd+ snstf+ klqsf lky+u' lbg oft sof
dft[efiff kqsfl/tf lbj; xg]u' h"u' vM .
pu' ;df/f]x; on d=g=kfof d]o/ lrl/afa'
dxh{g gfk+ g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3of pkfWofIf
j ljleGg ;+rf/ If]qof k|ltlglwlkG; Ajlt
sfMu' vM .
@_ ;M 5u" km/s cleJolQmof gfd+ ;flxTo ;+yf
kfv]+ noklts+ Gxofgf Rj+u' lrjfv+ jfrg
Hof‰jno Ho]7 $ ut zlgaf/ s'Gx' :jDx
jfvF Rjldlk+ O{Zj/L d}of >]i7, ljdn k|ef
jh|frfo{, /fh'/fd d'g+sdL{lkG; Dxlt Gofk'
jfv+ Go+s'u' vM .
-#_ ztfAbL k'?if 8f= ;Todf]xg hf]zL oft
lrlgof /fhb't+ 5]F jgf gfknfgf le+t'gf
b]5fgf lbu' a'vF b' . hf]zLh' RjoflbOu'
æZj}t r}ToÆ ;k"m oft lrlgofF efiff cg'jfb
ofgf g]kfn e|d0f @)@) oft Wofgo\ tof
lksfou' tof/L h'of Rj+u' vF lrlgof /fhb't+
sgf lbn;f hf]zLh'oft rLg e|d0f of
lgdGq0ff g+ ljof lbOu' vM t/ :jf:Yo j
pd]/ of sf/0f+ hf]zL h'+ e|d0f oft c;dy{
Sogf lbOu' j'v+ b' .
-$_ Rj;fkf;f+of Gx"u' Hof;gf k'rM kfv]+ Rj;f
kf;f+ ljof jof Rj+u' æ>]i7 l;/kfMÆ oft
lg/Gt/tf ljOu' vF Rj;fkf;fof Hof ;gf
k'rMof Gx"Dx gfof] uhnsf/ e"if0f k|;fb
>]i7+ sgf lbOu' vM . pu' Hof;gf k'rno
e/t ;fodL 5of+h] h'of lbOu' vM;f k|f=
gd{b]Zj/ k|wfg, 8f= s]zjdfg zfSo,
8f= t]h/Tg s+;fsf/, 8f= ;jf]{Qd >]i7,
/d]zsfhL :yflkt, slj k"0f{ j}B, ;Toefdf
36 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
dfy]df j ;'lDgdf t'nfw/ k|wfg b'hMno
b'Yof u' b' .
-%_ jfªdo ztfAbL k'?if 8f= ;Todf]xg hf]zL of
ltly sy+ ;lR5 bF So+u' n;tf;+ j+u' j}zfv
#) ut] nf]s ;flxTo kl/ifb\ kfv]+ ;u+laof
x+u' h'n . pu' lbg+ ; j;snof gfd+ g]jf
;flxTo efiff, ;+:s[lt Djfs]t k|f]T;fxg sy+
5on]u' ofgf cIfosf]if :jg]u' Hofg+ h"u'
a'vF b' . cy] x] josMoft Vjko\ gful/s
clegGbg ofOu' b';f lh= k|= kfv]+ g+ xlgOu'
a'vF b' .
-^_ g]jfM d':dfto\t g]jfM efo\ :og]u' tft'gf
g]jfM d':nLd ;dfh+ g]jfM efoof sIff
;+rfng ofOu' b' . y'u' vF ;dfhof cWoIf
lt:;f/ d'l2g+ g]kfn efiff 6fOD; oft sgf
lbOu' vM .
-&_ Vjko\ /fdz]v/ n'dGtL bj"of Uj;fno\
/fdz]v/ of a'lb+ xg] sy+ 5u" ;flxTo
uf]i7L g+ h"u' h'n . pu' Hof‰jno snfsf/
cfzfsfhL ys'+ ;flxTosf/lk+ k|lbkzfSo,
cf]ds[i0f >]i7, /fd]Zj/ e"h', lty{eQm
ys', lbJof tfd|fsf/, lq/Tg zfSo j+zLw/
jh|frfo{ cflblk+lgu' kf7 h'u' /rgfoft k|f1
w'|j dlwsdL{ h'+ ;dLIff ofgf lbOu' vM . pu'
;ef /fd]z]v/ n'dlGt bj"of gfof] uf]lj+Gb
dfg >]i7 of gfof] ;'O h'u' lnO bj"of
sf]iffWoIf 8f= k|sfz ;'jfn+ ;'efo B5fou'
Hof ofgf bLu' vM .
-*_ g]kfn efiff kl/ifb\ kfv]+ slj s]z/L lrQw/
Åbo of !)^ bF of a'lb+ xg]u' Hof h'n;f
kl/ifb+ ljof jof Rj+u' y'u' bF of lrQw/
l;/kfM gfufh'{g klAns]zg oft, efiff y'jfM
8f= t]h /Tg s+;fsf/ oft cn] k"0f{lx/f
l;/kfM zfGt/fh zfSooft Yjx] jOu' cf;f/
& ut] ljpu' h'n .