;+:yfkslk+ M k'ik/Tg ;fu/, k"0f{sfhL tfd|fsf/, /Tgdfg l;+ t'nfw/, s'n wd{/Tg t'nfw/

bF ^(, NofM %, Yo+NofM @&) g];+= !!#( u'+nf÷oFnf lj=;+= @)&^ efb|
;Nnfxsf/ ;DkfbsLo
k|f= do\h' k|]dzflGt t'nfw/
g]kfn ;+:s[ltof wlg b]z vj wsf xln Yjof Rj+u' hs dv'
;~rfns ;ldlt xln+of ko{6s t ts+ g]kfn of ;+:s[lt :jo]t j k|fs[lts b[Zo
efh' k'ik lrqsf/ :jo]t nfnflot h'of g]kfn b'xf+ jOu' vj . g]kfnof :jlgud of
efh' ltns k|sfz b'g] Rj+u' ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf kfv]+ ckf] ko{6s t cfslif{t h'of Rj+u'
efh' gjLg lrqsf/
vj . Yj :jlgudo Rj+u' ljz]if ;Dkbft g]jfn hflt+ x] bo]sf tju'
efh' k'ik/Tg t'nfw/
snf, s[lt vj . cfj jOu' O=;+= @)@) oft g]kfn ;/sf/ kfv]+
;Dkfbs tyf k|sfzs ljZj ko{6st @) nfv ts b'sfo]u' nIf 3f]if0ff h'of Rj+u' sy+
do\h' ?lSdgL >]i7 yf; yf; lhNnf, gfk+ :jlgudof yf; yf; ;+ e'vfr+ :o+u' snfs[lt
jf:t' ;Dkbft NXjg]u' le+s]Hof g ;DjwLt lgsfot kfv]+ GXofsf
sfo{sfl/0fL ;Dkfbs Rj+u' b' . cy] x] Yj u'0fnf j `gnf g+ g]jfn ;f+:s[lts hfqf kj{
efh' k"0f{ tfd|fsf/ cflb GXofOu' nf vj . yf}+ u'0fnf k"jgf oFnf GXofgf Rjg oFnf+
do\h' k|]dlx/f t'nfw/
lhljt b]jL s'df/L gfk+ ljleGg b]jb]jLof hfqf GXofOu' nf vj .
Joj:yfks lk+
y'ls+ kfv]+ g+ ko{6st osf] k|efljt h'of Rj+u' vj . t/ yf}+ emLu'
efh' s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7
efh' ;'/]Gb| eQm >]i7
y'hf]u' k/+k/flg;] GXofgf Rj+u' ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbft hfqf kj{ cflb+
doh' ejfgL t'nfw/ k/+k/flg;] k'vf{lk;+ yjlklgu' >L ;DklQ kfgf :jgf ys'u' u'yL yf}+
Gx+s]u' k|fjwfg GXofgf Rj+u' g vg]b' k/+k/flg;] GXofgfRj+u' hfqf
sDKo'6/ 6fOk–n]cfp6 kj{ lbgf jlgOu' nFk'O nfgf Rj+u'ln+ eljio Yj emLu' xln+Yjof Rj+u'
cfgGb /fpt ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf g+ nf]k h'O{ wsf, lrptf sof Rjg] dfnf Rjg
emL g]jf 5jfn h'of Yj emLu' k'vf}{nL ;Dkbf Djfs]u' oft yf} cfTd
yfs"÷d'b|s
;dk{0f ofo]dfju' Onh'of Rjg+ .
lxl; ckm;]6 lk|G6;{
hdn, ;]tf]9f]sf, o]F . yf}+sGx] kl/jf/
kmf]g g+= $@@^$!^,
(*$!#&@))%

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 wn M
x:tfIf/
ci6d'lg u'efh' #

b:tfj]h
…AofxfÚ >L efOrGb k|wfg æljzf/bÆ %
lrgfv+
zflGt >L/fd >]i7 &
kfs"u' rfMnf < x]/f /Tg zfSo *
xfOs" k|bLk zfSo (
cfvM of Gxfo\ sljGb| nfn k|wfg !)
Gxfo\ Djfsf Rjgf ;'/]Gb| e'h' VjkM !!
Vjlj ;Kt sf]zLy] M GXofo]k'm s[i0f df]xg hf]zL !@
afv+
gvMrvM s[i0feQm af]8
] !#
yf}+ rlR5 jf jn p4a df:s] !%
b'uf{dfof clh df]lxgL lrqsf/ !*
dv'y] ofo]nft ljdnf zfSo @)
Rjv+
ltls‰ofM ltns k|sfz @@
;'vL kfl/jfl/s hLjgof nflu a'4 lzIff cd[tdfg zfSo leIf' @$
/fu k"0f{rGb| ;/f]hgL t08'sf/ @*
;dfnf]rgf
xn xn a'+uB pkGof;o\ lgofqfof ;jfM ;dfGt #!
a'v“ #%
v“UjM Dxl;s] #^
x:tfIf/

ci6d'lg u'efh'

g]=;+= !)&^ l;7L rMx|] s'Gx" ca' rrf+ Kofv+u'? ;Ktd'lg ah|frfo{ j df /]jlt -dll;g'_ ah|frfo{ kfv] hGd
h'of lbODx lyly ;k"mt ;Dkfbgof Hof gfk+ g]kfn efiff kl/ifbof ;lrjh'of g]kfn Ct' kf}, cfgGbe"ld,
kn]O cflb kqLsf of ;Dkfb h'of Hof ofgf lbODx g]kfn efiff ;flxTo afvF ljwfo lw;L nfDx ;flxTosf/+
vM . g]=;+= !!#( rpnf Yj @ s'Gx" lbk+ut h'of lbOu' v M

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 3
 5u" cfHh', 5u" gf/f e|i6frf/kfv]+
5'6sf/f, emL ;sl;+u' cleef/f .

Pp6} p2]Zo, Pp6} gf/f e|i6frf/af6

5'6sf/f, xfdL ;a}sf] cleef/f .

g]kfn ;/sf/
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

4 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
b:tfj]h
…AofxfÚ
[efO{ rGb| k|wfg ljzfv lj=P= ;flxTo sf]ljb on gfujxfno g]= !)$& ;+= hGd h'of
lbODx nhufof l;nl;nfo sd{Ifq ef/tof sflnªkf]ª Rjgf lbODx g]kfn efiff of 5Dx
l;4x:t jfv+ RjdL vM . df+ efoof ;]jf of ‰jno wdf]{bo nokf} g]=;+= !)(* lg;] !!)$
ts ;Dkfbg ofgf lbOu' vM .]
efjgf–hut; nfnf sof Rjg /fd' Û
pls; 5' cfgGb b', j+ x] l;p . ;'+ db' jof
GXojg], lxnf Rj+u' emf/kft, l:y/ j lj>fGt
l;df l;ao . jftfa/g zfGt, lsGt' zLtntf
g+ Dxf dh'j . x|f; hL0f{ ng–;'?jfn b', pnL
x] va jof j;t . jof Vjfnof af+nfSs dgof
efj :ki6 vFg]b' . j Ns]lzt, pl2Ug j jof gfk+
ljrlnt j lrlGtt g+ .
u'nLv] dg'vto;+ cfjfudg oft, t/
GXofa]n]+ Old;+ v+, j py]+ Rj+ RjFg lsGt' j 5fo]
cg Rj+Rjg Yj ;'gfg+ dGo+ . kl/lrtlk+g+ jn,
lsGt' ;'oft+ cfjZos dv', j cg Rj+ Rj+u'of
sf/0f GoFg]u' .
yf}+ lGxl5 j cgx] Rj RjFg . jxlg h'n,
lsGt' jof pls;+ 5'+ jf:tf db' . erf ngfj
5Xd an d] xf–xfF+, …sf]sforf, 5sf]n afwf===.Ú
j+ ljrf/ oft 5fo] …sf]sforfÚ hs …sf]MÚ
g+ wfn] . xfg+ 5' ljrf/ ofgfj dl;p, j la:tf/+
bFg . ;ltOu' 5u'ln nFv jFg .
erf nFgfj lbj;of gfk–gfk+ /fd'g+ tFgf jFg .
±±±
>L efOrGb| k|wfg æljzf/bÆ
æ/fd'Æ
æHo"Æ wsfj /fd' ;fx'of GXojg] pkl:yt h'n .
ædo]h'oft cg tof jo] w'Fgnf <Æ
æw'Fg .Æ
æ5+t cgts jFg]t lGxlR5 nu] h'nsf,
dv'nf <Æ ædv', lh Gxfr+t' jofu' .Æ
æaO . lh ldvf db' < lh 5' sf+nf < lh+ dv+ <
uf]sf]n h'ow] s +' n, 5+t yy] h'o] dTo] wofu', wfn;f
Dx't+' 5jf wfOu' . efn'oft k'/f0f Go+s] y]+ . Hof
ofo] dg db'nf, x'F lkxf+ x'F . lGxl5 lGxl5 YoFgfj
gs]t Hofnf ljofj 5Ft tofu' dv' . 5 y]o+ f jlk+
Ron nfvf}+ b' . l;pnf < yf}+ sGx]nf 5 :ju{; YoFg]
w's
+ n . pv'Gx' g+ etLrf af]n lanf wsfj lGxl5
ug–ug rfj lxnf h'n . 5 ckfn dft] h'of RjFg]
dt] . l;nnf=== x',F 5' Vjfn :jof RjFgf <Æ
/fd' Sj5'gfj b'xf+jg . joft y'Hofu' x]
oftgf ;xofo] dfju' b' . lsGt' j+ plsofu' rf;f]
dofj .
j yg jof RjF;]+ lg;]+ y'Hofu' x] oftgf
;xofgf RjFg, y'Hofu' x] si6 gof RjFg, y'Hofu'
x] b'j{rg GoFgf RjFg .
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 5
 j u' j n] + x] ;fx' gfk dNjfj . yf}+ g+
æx' F Æ wfo] j + aF g Û lsGt' lgknfv lt l5gfj
xfg+ lbt . ug jF g]u' < Hof tf]n tfj cyjf
Hof; Û lsGt' ;fx' o fs] Yj GoFg ] dk'm . yj
Hof; jF g .
±±±
ædo]h' l5 ;fx'of Dxfr vj . cy] wof lbo]
dTo} .Æ
æxfg+ lhtM do]h' wof lbo] dTo] wofu'
dv'nf <Æ
æcn] 5' wfo]u'n] do]h' l5tM <Æ
æxfg+ do]h' Û …5Ú wof lb;F .Æ
æGxofu' wfn;f+ do]h' ;fx'of Dxfr vj . lh
l5lslklg Ron vj . ug do]h' . ug Ron .Æ
æj v x] dv' . lh ;fx'of DXofr h'of+ 5'
h'n Û lh 5', ld;f dv'nf < 5', lhu' Åbo db'nf
< Yj ;fx' j Ronof vF dv', lhu' hLjg j
d/0fof vF vj . yg u/La j wgLof k|Zg db' .Æ
æl5 Yj g+ ljrf/ ofgf lb;F, lhu' 5' ult
h'O . cn] nf lh yg rjFg] bO dv' . lhtM ;fx'F
l5lslklg jfMg+ ‰ofnvfgf; g+ to] km' .Æ
æl5tM 5'+ h'O dv' . RjFg]t g+ Yj x] hs
yf; dv', Yj ;+;f/; cfkft+ yf; b' .– ;fx'of
vF Û afM of vF tf]ntf lb;F . ;'gfg+ l5tM h]n;
to] kmO dv' .Æ
æGxofu' x] h'j;f+, lh hf of]UoDx dv' .Æ
/fd'+ wfn, lh hf yg Hof tf]nt]a+ yf}+ 5' go]
sGx] 5' go] wfo] dflnOXd . 5fo] lh gfk jofj
b'Mv l;o]u' <Æ
ælh+ 5'+dl;p .– l5+ oj;f oj wsfj wof
lb;F . dv';f /fgL k'v'ln hf bx]b' .Æ
æ5' wof lbof <Æ
6 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
æ5+' dv' Û 5'sf]n wfo] w'Fg . xfg+ xfg+ wfo]
dv' .Æ /fd'of Nxft Hjgfj d}ofF wfn, ælhp
wsfj wof lb;F /] .Æ
/fd+ dwfj . j+ ljrf/oft, ln;n lao]t
jofs] 5+' db' . j+ Nxft :jAofsfj ;fn]u' k|of;
g+ dofj .
pls; x] aof :jLs[lt b'u' h'O .
±±±
/fd'+ Hof tf]ntf agfj lkGx' b'vG' x' d}o+ f
a]kQf . ;'gf g+ dl;p ug jg . /fd'+ Gxfkf x] ljbf
sof j+ul' n+ joft ;'gfg+ z+sf ofo]u' nF g+ db' .
;fx'+ cfkfn+ r]i6foft, k'ln;oft ;"rgf
lan, dg'v+ dfos] 5jt, yj g+ pls; x] nu]
h'n . lsGt' k'mSs l;lt+ . d}+of t+u' tFgf x] jFg,
n'o]s] dkm' .
;fx'+ d}+ofof sf]7fof hfFr af+nfSs dofj .
dl;p, yf}+ j+ ljrf/oft . sf]7f; b'xfF jFg . km'Ss+
Gxfkf uy] cy]x] Rj+ .
t]anof sfktof Sj;+ 5'+ Rjof tju' vg .
a[4of dg; 5sf]n WjfSs ldg . af+nfSs :jt .
ef]+t;+ Rjof tn– æafM, lh jFgf RjFgf u'an]+ x]
lnxfF jo] Djfs . t/, lh+ dl;p, ug < efUo+ u'v]
o+lsO pv] x] h'O–h'O dfj . lht dfn]u' l;lt+
h'O Û ljbf Û l5Xd xt eflugL, d}+of .Æ
WjfSs ldg xfg+ Û 5+' ljrf/ ofo] dkm't .
‰ofn+ lkg] :jn, lsGt' lg/f]b]Zo b[li6 . lgefn
Tjof x] RjFg l;df xn ;gf x] RrFg . dg'vt yj
yju' Hof; d:t h'of x] RjFg . ;'oft 5' h'n 5'
h'au' b', ;'oft+ jf:tf db' .
em+unt hs ;'d'Ss Rj+ RjFg . Olk+ hs
jof j]bgf; b'gf Rj+u' h'O . ;dj]bgf jof dg;
jFg pkGof;of 36gf y]+ ÛÛÛ
lrgfv+

zflGt
>L/fd >]i7

zflGt – ! bSj zfZqof skfno\

ltsf tMu' b' æ6«8] dfs{ of lr+Æ –
Yj 5'lsof eJotf
5u" u'0f:t/of lr+ – zflGt .
emM emM wfo]s
b]o\ Go+s n;s';of ‰jno\
yg tMtMUjMu' tf]k Gofo]sf Rj+u' b'
zflGt – $
e/fo]wu+ ' ;nfld laof Rj+u' b' zflGt 5kfM
;Tsf/ of n;tfo\ t'o" – or'u' ?dfn vM
åF åF af?b of yLyL /+u–cla/ ;'Ou'+ cfsfzo\ ‰jo\lkof
5\jfsf Rj+u' b' r'lkof Dx'nL e'gf TjMtf ys"u' .
;v] yf}+ zflGtof
cfudg h'O To+u' b' zflGt – %
yMu' oMoM yfo\ zflGtof gfdo\
åx+ AjfsfRj+u' sf;fy]+ . Ej+of av't+
yf}+ Ajo]sf Rjg ;u{M hfo]s
zflGt – @ ;u{M 5kft+ x] Tjk'Os
zflGt 5kfM Gxfos+ vM yf}+ zflGt dv' lht M
yMu' VjfM :jo]t hs 5u" or'u' ;u{M
yMt ;dfM ofo]t hs emg nf KofM rfofRjg .
a;, Gxfos+ vM Yj
yMt GXofy] ofgf;f+ l5+st] zflGt – ^
yMt GXofy] ofgf;f+ GXo+st] zflGtof gfdo\
dv';f Gxfos+ r"+ r"+ yn] Ho" cMk's . yf}+ xlndo\
Ajo]sfRjg av't+
zflGt – # ;'gf+ u'ln Ajo]sk] m'
tf]k, aGb's, If]KofZq Rjo\ Rjo\ cem Rjo\
xln+of bSj cZq 5u" w]w+ a+] Nnf sf;fy]+
Ajlt sof Rjg ;sn]+ yf}+ – Yj sf;fo\
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 7
xfg+ j x] av't+ nfgfM cn] r'kn's y'gf
:jygfRjg k+hno\ xfs'd;L
cfM jOu' d]u' Gx"boF \ Ajo]st] ofgfRjg x:tfIf/
pT;j zflGtof n;tfo\ zflGttf yL yL
xfg+ GXoOk's zflGt xg]t . ;xnx EjFto\
/fi6« /fi6«of by'O
zflGt – & yL yL u'6o\ .
‰jftfs\ k'of sfn 

:ofgfM av'o+ f 5k" kk'–kf

kfs"u' rfMnf <

g]jfM emL rfo]s] dfn GXon+ bF
nfsfM gofRjg v+nf emLu' Aj+
emLu' yf;+emLt lkltg]t :jn
b'u' xs d5\o;]+ dlhn bF x]/f /Tg zfSo

emL;+ emL yM yMu' efo\ Nxfo]

5]+ a'F ldOdfM;f+ d]lkGt nMdNxfo
emLu' yf;o\ emLu' xs bo]s]t
emL dhfM;f ;'gf+ Ro"tfM sfO wfo]

emL g]jfMto\s] b' g]kfMof ;Eotf

;Djt, lnlk, snf, ;flxTo ;stf+
cog+ emLt Nofvo\ dtOu'
;xofo] dkmo]s kflsOu' d]tf .

8 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
lrgfv+

xfOs"
k|bLk zfSo

!= cf:yfof VjfMt *= Sjsfln ltgL

a'n'of jg vlt, kl/jf/oM b'g]
cd"t{ snf+ . 5of]+ t'O;] Rj+ .

@= ;dfhjfb (= h'n'; Gxoft

;lDawfg+ Sjl5t g]tfof thlaho\
ˆofsfWj+ r+ r+ . lh PsnJo .

#= g]jfM d':df+t
lNjsn yf}+ Dxl;sf
y'gf+ r'n emL .

$= v';L g]kfn
;d[4 g]kfM b'g]
dfM h'of yMt .

%= l;df eM eM ld
jf wfs' kmo jofln+
Aof+ lt+ lt+ Gx'n .
^= j"lb+ xg j+
s]s l;Mdt Jjof
uMlsn yMt .

&= nM lbj; yf}+

nMof dlxdf jo\ jo\
lhld nM db' .

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 9
lrgfv+

cfvM of Gxfo\
sljGb| nfn k|wfg
vFUjMt Gxfo\ h'of jO{
lguM Ko+u RofuM emLuM cfvMt vFUjM j vFUjM d'gfof Vjfkfto\
ldvf Vjla+ KofM y]+ gfk+ g:jfM n'Ols
uan]+ Dx't';L KofM y]+ vF j vFUjMof .
uan]+ uF y]+
Gxfok+ xfM y]+ Rjfd"u' cfsf/o\
g'un] ltSs Yo" y]+ ˆofkmMof cfsf/o\
lqmof k|ltlqmof Ajo]s Ujf/flr+u' cfsf/o\
VjfkfMof cjoj y]+ lrgfvF h'of
lrgfvF h'of lhu' cl:tTjo jO{ cfvMt
cn] lh lh h'O{ . vFUjMt jO{ .

:kz{+ y'OsL dg"tot efjt efjgft

b[io+ l;OsL dg"to;+ XofpFs jfpFs
JofVof+ Dxl;sL dg"tou' Dxl;sf sk+of pg h'of jO{ .
5u" ef}lts cl:tTj
cfvMto;+ g+ cy] x] afu au}+rfo\
dg"tot y'Ols :jfF h'of
dg"t Dxl;OsL . sF h'of
df h'of
uGw ;'uGw+of dfqft sof 3foF h'of lrgfvF a'of jO{ .
hLjto;+
y'OsL ld+y]+ cKkf y]+
l;OsL r'lk y]+
Dxl;OsL sMlt y]+
zq' j ldqtf s}+lr y]+
yMu' cl:tTj SolgO 3fMh'of lrgfvF :ofO{ .
zq'tf jf ldqtf gfk+ vfO{s
cy] x] cfvMt g+ kfNn's uGw tfO{
kz'k+IfLto;+ y]+ ;fSs dfs'Ss uGw sfO{

10 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
dg"to;+ cy]+ dg"tou' Gxfo\of d"No dfnf Rj+ y]+
cfvMt g+ l5+dl5+ b'g] dg'to;+ yMu' Gxfo\of cl:tTj
£jfTt'£jfgf jo]t :j} . GXoygf+ Rj+ y]+
lrgfvF g+ cfvMto\ b'g]
tfO{ tof Gxfooft aofg ofof+
ltlgSs h'of o}k's yM x] ˆofkmM h'of j+u'
la:s+ofu' km];go\ dvgf+ Rjg .
;]lna|]6L h'of jMu' b} .
P Û Gxfo\
u'ln+ dd{of wd{ Hjgf+ 5 cfvMof Gxfo\
d]u' x] la:s+ 5kfM nF lkmgf jO{ 5 g+ dg"+t y]+
sf]nfxnoft kmfot 5uM lguM cfvM yLyL VjfMkfMof k'rn] y]+
;k"m Hjgf j} . Rjfd" Gxfo\
ˆofkmMGxfo\
dg"t dg"tou' a:tLO yLyL Gxfoof k'rn]
Gxfo\ofu' aofg Hjgf jM y]+ 5+ yMu' cl:tTj No+sf Rjg] kmo]df
Gxfo\ofu' aofg ofgf Rj+ y]+ 5+u' cl:tTj Nogf+ Rjg]df .

Gxfo\ Djfsf Rjgf

emLu' df+efo\ j emLu' Dx;Lsf wfwf+
emLt emL;+ x] :o]+sf Rjgf
hftL, hghftL, v;, cfo{of gf/fo\
;'gf emLt Njfs]t Ujfsf Rjg .
;'/]Gb| e'h' VjkM
wfld{s :jtGqtfof gfdo\
df+b]o\ Vjo\sf emLt emL;+ x] ldof Rjgf
cfw'lgstfof gfd+ ljb]zL lwjf+
emLu' ;+:s[ltoft emL;+ x] ljs[lt ofgf Rjgf .

Hofldto\ xs clwsf/of gf/f Ao'Ao'+

snsf/vfgf aGb h'Ou' gLlt lkAjof Rjgf
8n/+ ss'tL :jltkfFo\ lrsfM
Pg=lh=j=, cfO{=Pg=lh=j=of gf]s/L+ Gxfo\ Djfsf Rjgf .

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 11
lrgfv+
Vjlj ;Kt sf]zLy] M GXofo]k'm
yf}+ lhu' b] :d[l4b]of gf/f
ttM;Mn+ Yjof Rjg
v'l; hgtfof VjfM n'Os] wsf
b]+ Go+s gfo\lv+ Rjo]sf Rjg
cog+ b] :d[l4 h'o] dk'm
hgtfof Vjfno\ v'l; dn",
h'Ou' g+ uy], n'Ou' g+ uy]
rf lGx+ wFo\ s'l;t
dg"to\ lx TjTj+ lndnf
b]o\of rf Dx'Dx"F lndnf
b]o\ SjFo\sfnL h'h"+ jg
dg"t ;'s"ugf+ jg
wFo s';Lt wfM;f
KjfTof KjfTof Nxj+sf Rjg
b]o\of :j3f]lift b]o\ y'jft
ttMhfMu' d]ro\ Rjgf
stM b]o\of wFo\ s'l;to\t
lhu' b]zo\ ;Mtf Rjg,
jf Û Yj b]of rf Dx" jf
ygof dg"to\u' Dxo\
u'ln k'm pln lxM Tj+ jf
l5ldt dfMu' sy+of
;'/Iffof Joj:yf ofgf aL
l5ldt l5+ sy+of
P]g sfg"g bo\sf aL
EofM erfx] nHof drf;]+
l5ldt n;s'; ofo]t
cfo\a'of lkof Rjgf,
l5ld;+ Tj+u' lxM
l5ld;+ Dx"u' b]o\of rf
12 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
s[i0f df]xg hf]zL
l5u' b]o\of wFo\ s'l;to\t
gs] o+s] Tj+s] o+s]of nflu
dfM sy+of Joj:yf ofgf aL
n+ tMAofsf l5+sf aL,
ygof wFo\ s'l;t
l5lk+ gfk gfk+ GXofo]t
NxfM :jfgf jg]t tof/ b'
dfM;f l5ldu' u'nfd h'o]t
l5ldu' kflnO Ejk'o\t g+
tof/ h'of ‰jM 5'gf
akmfbf/ RoMty]+ bgf Rj+u' b',
:j3f]lift b]o\ y'jfM t
b]o\ u'ln u'ln uFl; h'h" jlg
cg cld;+ b]o\ :d[l4 vlgO
dg"to ldvf+ u'ln u'ln
Vjlj wfM GXofgf RjlgO
pln x] hgtf ;'lv vlgO,
l5ld;+ :o" x] h'o] dfM
;xofo]u' g+ l;df b}
d:o";f sf afFns Go+
b]of Kjfyo\ b'g] b'g]
Hjfnfd'vLof nfef Rofgf Rj+u' b}
GXofu' O{no\ g+ tHofgf
Hjfnfd'vL VjfM pn] k'm
hgtfof ldvf+ xfMu' VjlawfM
aiff{of ;Ktsf]zL y]+
tMafM h'of GXofgf jo] k'm .
g]=;+= !!#( t5nfYj
vl:t, zlg jf
afv+
gvMrvM
lxGb' wdf{jnDaLto\u' lhldu' ufdo\ g+
lqmlZrog wdf{jnDaLto\u' rr{ cfM UjfMUjfM bof
jn . jiff{o\ ;Mu' Dx's+ y]+ .
le+BM, u0f]BM, dxfBM, yLyL BMof b]uno\
yf}+sGx] dfvflkvfof hfn+ e'gf xn .
5] o \ k' h fs' l yO toftMlk+ Njx+ o f BM
wnf] 6 of BM u' D x+ v' l ; r' O s] o+ s n . u' D xl;g+
d] l kGt nMNxfgf lan . xgfagf toftMlk+
BMt ;do sfnv08+ lj:yflkt zx/+ y] + Hof
lan .
k'hf kf7, ehg sLt{g, >Ldb\ efujt
;Ktfx, >f4, ;Togf/fo0fof k'hf cfM 5'+ Gog]
sg] dGt.
TjfMTjfMklt+ wOy]+ yLyL gf+of rr{ wOu'
tKo+u' WjMWjM jfUjM kfgf Wjn+ lsof tMu' jf]8{ t
vg] bof jn .
ho Û zDef] Û gf/fo0f Û lji0f' dwf;]+ cfM
k|fy{gf ofo]u' k|e' k/d]Zj/ oz'lv|i6 cn] ho
dl;x Û ts wfo]u' ofgf xn.
;+:s[lt ;+:sf/o\ jMu' Xo"kfM vgfM DXj hs
a'/fa'/LlkG;+ Ro"tf sfMu' vg] blg . d]lkGt nf
jn jg 5'+ dkft.
zlgjfM h'nls TjfM uf+ x] d;f+y]+ RjlgO .
km'Ss+ rr{o k|fy{gf wsfM d'+ jlgO{ .
s[i0feQm af]8]
5Gx' zlgjfMof lGxgo\ tMe'vfo\ Ajn .
k'nf+ k'nf+u' 5] wfSjM ef/+e'/{ b'gf jn . rr{
lkxf+jof la:o'+jMlk+ dg"to\u' Dx't'KjfM klts
gf/fo0f Û gf/fo0f Û lji0f' Û lji0f' Û s[i0f Û s[i0f
Û x/] lzj x/] lzj jfx]s d]u' 5' wfo] d;n
wfo] djn.
lh+ BMof gf+ nf 5' NxfgfRj+lk+ lnsfsf+ Dx
5Dx+ w" j rMlt gfgf h'n . afDx sfgf Rj+Dx
5Dx dg"of lnsfot jgf lhu' Gxfokg+ 5' y'n
vM dl;n lh+ 5Ty' joft g/ys xSsf . e'vfr+
5+u' 5]+ b'gf 5 afDx sfgf ;L nf DjfO nf h'of
Rj+u' b' . cem 5 lzj afaf Û x] afaf Û wsf xfnf
Rjgfu' nf < afaf+ 5Gt Djflsu' vM;f lh+ 5Gt
TjMtf d]Dx lnsf jg] Ton.
lhtM j+ Dxl;of nf 5Ty'+ j lrNnfo\ bgf
xfn x] afaf Û wsf BMof gf+ sofu' dv' :oft
afaf Û ;vf wofu' .
lh 5s lªr lGxnf . jOt sfgfRj+u' yf;+
wln+rf t lnsfsf+ jgf Rjgf .
Gofoof xTof
gfaflnsf pld{nfoft anfTsf/ lnkf xTof
x] ofgf ;a'b b;L gfk+ gi6 ofgflan . uf+ 5u'ln+
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 13
hs dv' cfM nf b] Go+s x] Yj 36gf+ ofgf zf]s cfof]u+ Hof x] GXofs] dnfMlg . cbfnto\ lkg]
j cfGbf]ngo\ lxnflan . dg"t DjM :jM d'gf Rjg . kqsf/, kmf]6f]kqsf/
Gxfkflnkf g+ yHofu' 36gf dh"u' dv' h" . oSj oSj x] vg]b'
lGxof lGxy+ wOy]+ . co\g+ 5' h'of vM j dl;n Yj kmfOn HjgfRj+Dx af+nf;] Rj+Dx Nof;]drf j
36gf b]of d" ljifo h'of lan. j gfk+ x] Gofblt b'Dx 5Dx sfodrf . ld;f drf
k'mSs clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yft ;tso\ cy] x] lemv'blt bt h'OdfM .
Gofoof lg+lt+ ;M tof Sjxf+ jn . …lhu' ph'/L btf{ ofo] dv' xF . lh lem+5bFltlg
bf]lif n'Osf sf/jfxL ofgf Gofo aLdf wsfM b'an] lhtM yLyL nf]e Sogf n'Q'n'of o+sf Yj x]
df+af} j yflyltlk+ gfk+ cfd/0f cgzg Rrgf anfTsf/ xTof cfof]uof Gx"Dx cWoIf+ anfTsf/
lan . ofgf jofu' x] kfk+ b'Dx Yj Gofb b'Dx sfodrf
cfGbf]ng+ Rjo]of yfo\ sfn . bfo]u,' Vofo]u,' vM . pls+ yf}+sGx] 5' 5' ljlw+ kl/If0f ofOu' vM j
:ofo]u,' nf]e Sogf+ lg/k/fw dg"t, co\nfu'n' km'Ss ofsfM Yj kfkL, cWoIfoft sf/jfxL ofgfM
eltdf/f, v'F n'Rrf, 8«lui6 gfk+ Gxfkf anfTsf/ lhtM Gofo laof aLdfM .Ú
s]zo\ ;hfFo\ kmo] w's + l" k+ k6s k6s d" bf]lif y'lk+
x] vM wsfM yg] xo]u' Hof dh"u' dv', h'n . cx Û
y'lsoft ;/f]sf/jfnfto\;+ ;+u' 5k' lul5g+ kTofM
dh';+] cfGbf]ng GXofsft'+ og . GXofu' GXofy] ofgf
g+ k|zf;s, /fHo j ;/sf/+ cfGbf]ngoft lbs]
dkm't. bf]lifk|lt ;'gfg+ kTofM ofo] axMsy+ Sog]
dkm'ul' n+ cfof]uo\ RjlgOlk+ ;'g+ cfof]u+ lnxf+ jo]j+
lsld;'s' u+y+] Dx+ Rj+sf lkxf+ jOu :jo] axM h" .
Yj 36gf+ ofgf ;/sf/, /fHo, k|zf;g
nfrf/ h'n .
y'lsof x'lg+ k'ln; k|zf;g j cfof]uof Rjo\
Rjlk;+ ;hfFoof efUobf/L h'o] dfn .
;/sf/o\ ;'gfld x] jOy]+ Rj+ jf ;Qf
jfHofSjfHof ;g .
xfg+ 5u" aNnfMu" Rro\ofu' x] cfof]u
gL:jg . sGx]of k|wfgGofoflwzof /f]nqmdo\
nfMDx Gofoflwzof cWoIftfo .

14 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
afv+
dg" Û
wfotnf emL;+ ldvf, Gxfo\k,+ Gxfo\, Dx't,' Nxf
lgkf, t'lt lgkf cno\ Gxok', g'uM, ;],F :j+, SjFo,\
nf, lx GxofOu' lxg" cflbof by'O cfTdf -x+;_
b'Dxoft dg" wfo\u' ofgf Rjgf . botnf cfM wof
Rjgfu' cË kz' to\s] g+ b', db'u' dv' . cog+
dg" to\s] Yj ofo\Ho" Yj ofo\ dHo" wOu' ljrfM
ofo\u' j n'ds+ u] ' zlQm b' . kz' to\s] yj zlQm
bO dv' . cKjM ofgf kz' wfo\an] emL;+ Kokf+ y"lk+
hs vgf Rjgf . cy]nf lgkf+ r"lk+ kz't g+ db'u'
dv', b' . u'Dx+ u'Dx+ kz't efo\ :o"lk+ g+ b', db'u'
dv' . a? yf}+ sGx] dg"t x] kz' t :jof Sjx\o+ y]+
Rj+ . Yjofo\ Ho", Yj ofo\ dHo" wOu' x] 5'+ l;pu'
dv' . vfln dg" vMnf < vMwfou' hs .
dg"to\u' v+ Nxfo\an] bsn] Gxfkf+ dg"t
ug+ jn < dg"to\ pTklQ j ljsf; uy] h'n
wOu' vF dl;ps' ;] dufM . wd{zf:q sy+ :jM;f
;[li6stf{ a|Dxfof cb\e"t cfljisf/ . a|Dxfof
dfg; k'q :jofDo"j dg" cn] dg"of dfg;
k'q dl/lr, clq, clË/f, k'n:t, k'nx, al;:y,
sfOok -sfZokoft Ct' g+ wfM_ bIf, e[u', gf/b
Yj x] lqmDx kfv]+ dfgj hfltof ljsf; h"u'
vg]b' . vo\tnf emL ;Kt Clifof ;Gtfg g+
wfo\u'jf Yj afx]s bIf -bIf k|hfklt_ oft
s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7
t;s+ aLo{jfg wOtMu' b' .
1fg la1fgof wfk" sy+ hLjofu' pTklQ
k~rtTjof ;dfud+ h"u' vM . Yj vF a}1flgs
to\;+ g+ :jLsf/ ofgf jo fRj+u' b' . cfMoflk+
a}1flgs to\;+ k|s[ltoft x] wd{ efM lkof,
k|s[ltO{ cf:yf to fRj+u' vg] b' . k|s[ltof b'g]
5' 5' 5' < wOu' a]1flgsto\ vf]Hof laoo h'o
fRj+u' b' . k|s[ltoft cM ts ;'gf g+ tofs]
dk'mlg -g t Gxfkfoflk+ Clif d'lg to\;+, g
t cM oflk+ a}1flgs to\;+ x]_ . le=nM, km\o\,
cfsfz j rf -k[YjL_ Yj x] Goftf k|s[lt j
k|s[ltof zlQm vM . -ug+ ug+ k|s[ltoft :qL
-w/tL dftf_ cn]zlQmoft k'?if of Nofvo\ tof
ylk+ lgDxl;of by'O ;+;u{ h'of aLo{ k|:k'm6g
HjL cno\ j x] aLo{ kfv]+ dg"to\u' ;[li6 h"u'
vM wofM tMu' b' . Yj x] Gofu' tTj NjfsHofgf
;+;f/o\ ag:klt+ lg;]+ sof dfgj hfltof ljsf;
h"u' vg]b' . wfO gfk+ k+rtTjof z/L/ . a}1flgs
to\u' wfk" sy+ nM vo\ hs af;+ RjlgDx h"u' ln+
gf/fo0foft nMsLof NofMvo\ softn -ug+ug+
a}1flgs to\;+dfgj to\u' ljsf;qmd 5;L sy+
kfv]+ h"u' g+ wO tMu' b' . jx] NofMv+ gf/fo0foft
nM vo\ RjlgDx h"u'ln+ Gxfkf+u' cjtf/ Gofoft
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 15
softn cno\sMln -sT:o_ syx+ :jM;f u'+kmf
-a/fx_ g[l;+x -dg" alR5 hgfj/alR5_ afMdg
-a+dg"_ cno\ bSjl;Hof lnkf dg" to\u' ljsf;
qmd emL;+ Gx\oM Ajo\ k'm_ . a'sy+ lzj oft g+
clUg, k[YjL j cfsfzof NofM vo\ tof :j+u'ln+
5u" ofgf tn, u'u'nf emL dg"to DjfMo\u' cfwf/
vM . Yj :j+u"ln+ emLu' hLjgoft phf{ k|bfg
ofO . cy] x] km\o\oft a|Dxfof NofM vo\ tn
5fo\wfM;f dg" Djfo\t ;f;M Nxfodfn, ;f;M
Nxfot km\o\ dbos dufM . wfO gfk+ ;'+ dg" dGt
ls k|f0f jfo' TjM tn wfO . cno\ lzjof :j+u'
tTj lzj 5Dxl;s] nfMu'ln+ yf} a}1flgs to\;+
dg" to\u' ljsf; qmd oft :j+u' Ejo\ ynf
tMu' g+ vg] b' . uy]ls a|Dxf -hGdbftf_ lji0f'
-kfngxf/_ cn] lzj -;xf/stf{_ .
k|f0fwf/L hLjof ljsf; qmdo\ bSjl;of
dWo pGgt j a'l4 ljj]s+ ;+;f/o\ bSj lrhoft
yMu' Nxfto\ sof dfMdfM yf;o\ yMu' >d 5\onf
ofpFs, cMk's ;fdflhs ljsf; hutof p4f/
ofo\ k'mDx k|fl0f vM, dg" . co\h"u'ln+ emL;+ yg
Kotf lh oflk+ dg"t vgf . uy] wfM;f ctLt j
jt{dfg s{ lgtf+ afF nfMlk+ ctLt sd{ afF nfgf
at{dfg sd{ afF dnfMlk+ . ctLt sd{ afF dnfgf
at{dfg sd{ afF nfMlk . ctLt sd{ g+ at{dfg
sd{ g+ lgtf afF dnfMlk+ . cy] x] wd{ofu' NofM
vo\ :jM;f g+ d'Ss Jo+u" lxGb' wd{, a'4 wd{,
d'l:nd wd{, lqmlZrog wd{ hs xgf Rj+u' emL;+
vgf bSjl;g+ yMyMu' wd{ tMw+ . yMyMu' wd{
16 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
yMyMu' dfy+ k|rf/ k|;f/ ofgf km\of+ k'mSs yMymu'
wd{ Rj5fo\u' s'tM ofgf Rjlg . Yj wd{ wOu'
x] 5u" sy+ Njfk'of k';f g+ vM . wfTy]+ wfo\dfn
wfM;f wd{ wOu' 5' g+ dv' . vfln cGwljZjf;
hs vM . lhu' ljrfM no\ bSj:of+ 5u" x] wd{
of cg'z/0f ofM;f Yj ;+;f/o\ Njfk' Vofk' wOu'
x] bOdv' . j 5' wd{ wfM;f ;+;f/o\ bSj l;o
fdWo tM w+u' ws{ x] dfgjtfof wd{ vM . Yj
wd{ bSj:of+ g'uM no\ yft+ to\kmt wfM;f cy]+
x] hutof sNof0f h'O . dg"to\u' ljsf; qmd
ln;] ln;]+ yMof Hof cMk's]t yMyd+t'+ wd{gfk
gfk+ hft oftf g+ jlu{s/0f ofMu' cg]b' . uy]
ls a|Dx', If]lq, a}Zo cno\ z'b| . hft sy+ Hof
oft g+ Aj ynfM o+s"u' l;O b' . y'ls+ofgf tM
w+u' hft+ lrO w+u', hftoft cfMts g+ Sj ToMnf
x]nf ofgf jof Rj+u' blg . hftofu' jlu{s/0f
gfk gfk+ ;fDk|bflos efjgfofu' g+ ljsf; h"u'
emL;+ vgf Rjgf . co\h"u'ln+ 5 Yj hftofDx,
lh Yj hftofDx wsf dg" dg"of by'O Njfk'ofgf
czflGt ofo\u' :jof emL bSj+ 5u" x] hft, j vM
dg"of hft wsf g'uMno\ to\ k'mt wfM;f Njfk'
Vofk' x] bO dv', zflGt gs;f+ hLjg xg] vlg .
dg" Û dg" hs h'Ot :jof dufM . wfTy]+
dg"t h'Ot t;s+ yfs" . dg" j kz'of 5u" x]
e]b 5' wfM;f, dg" k|fl0f dWono\ ;j{>]i7 k|fl0f .
dg" 5Dx r]tgzLn k|fl0f . dg" g+ k|s[lt j
;fdflhs aGwg+ d'Qm h'of Rjg]u' s'tMofO .
dg"to\s] k|s[ltoft Tofs]u' jf lxn]u' u'0f bO .
cs yf}+sGx] k|s[ltoft Tofsf g+ Rj+u' b' . y'lsof
lnRjM 5' h'O < ;'gfg+ d:o' . cn] yMofs] b'u'
le+u' u'0f ;dfho\ 5\onf Gx"u', :jR5u' nMs;
xo\u' s'tM ofgf Rjlg . Yj x] wfTy]+ le+ dg"of
Dxl;sf vM . t/ kz' to\s] yGofu' 5'+ x] u'0f bO
dv' . wfO gfk+ emL;+ 5'+ d'vu', dle+u' Hofoft
ls uGofDx kz' fwO . Gxok' j g'uMn+ dg" to\t
;+rfng ofgf Rjlg . le+u' larfM g+ hutoft le+
h";f, g'uMno\ dle+u' larfM tnls hutof gfz
h'O . co\h"u'ln+ gxfkf+ yMlg le+sf Rjg]dfn .
wfO gfk+ yM le+;f hut le+ .
Yj ;+;f/o\ le+lk+g+ b', dle+ lk+ g+ b' . dle+lk
oSj b';f le+ dg"t n'Os] yfs' . 5fo\wfM;f dle+
lklgu' Gx\oMg] le+ lk+ Rjg] x] kmOdv' . le+ lk;+
dle+ lk+t dv'u' Hof ofs] x] laO dv' . dv'u'
Hof dofo\s+ le+ lk+t Vofo\t s'tM ofgf Rjlg .
t/ hut p2f/ ofo\u' vM;f huto\ Rj+lk+ dg't
leg] x] dfM . vo\tnf Yj ;+;f/o\ Gxfkf+ lg;]+
dle+lklgu' -c;To_ /fh h'of Rj+u' b' . t/ j+
Ifl0fs hs cfgGb ljO . le+ lk+ -;Toofu'_ dg"
to\u' GXofjn]+ ho h'O . cno\ k/Gt' gs+ No+
bof Rjlg . dle+u' Hofofgf cfh{g ofu' Wojf
lnkf ts+ Nolg dv', l;O dbo\s 5v] g 5v]
DjfM db'u' Hofo\ vr{ h'of k'mgf jlg . wfO gfk+
cy]+ jMu' yy]+ tlg . plsof cMvM le+lk+ dg" to\;+
yMu' lx rMlt cfh{g ofu' Wojf DjfM db'u'ln vr{
ofo\ g'uM :yfgf lnkf ts+ No+ bof Rjlg . dle+
lk+ d"g to\u' Gx\oMg]UofM lrs' kx jM;f+ cldt
;'gfg+ xgf agf tO dv' . kmlQ+ kmQn] cleu'
Gx\oMg] Rjlg dv' wfM;f le+lk+ dg" to\u' GxoMg]
UofM lrs' kx jM;f+ cldt ;'gfg+ xgf agf tO
dv' . kmlQ+ kmQn] cleu' Gx\oMg] Rjlg dv' wfM;f
le+lk+ dg" to\u' Gx\ofg] Rjgf cleu' 1fg u'0fof
vF ;bf Gogf Rjg] dfl:t jO . vo\tnf le+u'
Vjfkfn+ k'of dle+u' Hof ofOlk+ dg"t oSj+ b' .
VjfM afnf+ lklg rfnf afFdnf . Dx't' lkr' g'uM
j+r' . yg uGof uGof lk+ dg"t b' lem;+ :jof
x] Rjgf . vgf x] Rjgf . cldu' st'{t emL;+
ef]u] ofgf x] Rjgf . dle+lk+ dg" to\u' g'uM no\
Gx\ofan]+ afFdnfu' larfM g_ xf sof Rjlg .
uy]ls slk{Gt b'Mv ljof yM ;'v+ Rjg]u' . nf]e,
nfnr, ef]u lanf;, e|i6frf/, Aolerf/ cflb
g'uM no\ to\u' . dv'u' vF Noxfgf slk{Gt clxt
h'Ou' Hof yfo\u' . DjfM db'u' vF Nxfgf yMyMno\
Njfsf by'O Rjgf nj sfo\u' -cfSjo\ Rjgf GofM
nfo\u'_ v'of go\u' . zq'tfof efjgf tof abnf
sfo\u' . cGwljZjf;o\ laOjf;ofOlk+ . Yj k'mSs
a}u'0f b'lk+ x] dle+lk+ dg" to\u' Dxl;sf vM .
cy]nf le+u' Hof ofgf, le+ dg" wfo\sf Rjg]
t;s+ yfs' . le+ Hof, le+ dg"to\u' GxoMg] yLyL
k+uMt jof Rjlg u'u' ls xfrf+ ufof Gx\ofM jg]t
t;s+ yfs' . le+ dg"no\;+ afFnfu', ;s:of+ sNof0f
h'Ou' vF Nxf;f sfrfs ;'gfg+ kTof x]ofO dv' .
vMnf < dv'nf < wsf gfuM t'uMofgf Rjlg .
dg" to\u' afFdnfu' aflg Yj 5u" g+ vM . 5v]+nf
le+dg" wfo\sf h'Ot g+ tk:of x] ofo\dfM d]+
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 17
Rj+ . Gxfkf Gxfkf dflk+ Clif d'lg to\;+ tk:of
ofOu' ps]+nf < dg"to\u' Jojxf/ g+ emL;+ le+
dle+, l;Osf sfo\k'm uy] ls slk{lgu' lxt h'Ou',
slk{lgu' p2f/ h'Ou', pksf/ h'Ou' Hofofo\u' .
Tofu ofu' efjgf ;bf+ g'uMno\ tOlk+ . yMu' rl/q
afFnfsf dle+lk+ dg" to\t gfk+ le+u' nF s]g]u',
1fg ljOu' . bSjl;t afFnfu' b[li6 :jo\u' . yM
:jof Rjo\ Rj+lkGt cfb/ ;Tsf/ ofo\ ;o\s]u' .
Gx\ofan]+ :jR5, ;kmf, g'uMno\ xfs' dtM;]+ ;'+
gfk zq' j å]ifofu' efjgf g'uMno\ dt;] h'Ou' .
yM lk;+ ofgfu' k'0oof 1fg d] lkGt g+ Ogf
laOu' . afFnfu' Hof oft Gx\ofjn]+ k|z+;f ofo\u'
rfx] j Hof zq'+ x] ofu' y dh'Odf . ;To j
wd{of lzIff k|rf/k|;f/ ofo\u' . 1fg u'0of vF
yM lk;+ g+ Gog]u', slk{Gt g+ sg]u' . kmlQ+ k'mQn]
cGwljZjf;+ d'Qm h'O km\os]u' . Yj k'mSs u'0f
wfgf h'Ok'mDx x] le+ dg"of b;L vM .
cflv/ emL dg"nf vM < 5Gx' Yj Rjnf Tjt]
dflg . Gx\ofUu' wd{ of;f+, Gx\ofUu' sd{ of;f+,
le+;f+, dle+;f+ 5Gx'nf l;O x] dflg . co\h"u'ln+
dg" hGd sof :jfy{ efjgfM g'uMno\ dto\ .
Yj 5+u', Yj lhu' wsf 3d08 ujn]+ dofo\ .
;'oft+ cdfgjLo Jojxf/ dofo\ . dg"to\;+ yM
DjfM tn] uo\ofgf ;'v+ Rjg] wsf ljrfM ofO .
ax] ;'v dfn]t dg" to\;+ b'Mv l;of Rjlg . Yj
dg" to\;+ jfM x] rfOdv' . uan] dg" to\s] a'l4
j 1fgof ljsf; h'O cn] ltlg ;Tofo VjfM 5'
18 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
vM < w}u' yM yd+t'+ Dxl;O . ;To uan] vfO;]
Rj+;f uan]+ rfs';] . ceg cKjMofgf ;To wOu'
vfO;] Rjlg . Yj vF g+ wfTy]+ vM ls ;Toof yMg]
Gx\ofan]+ c;To Rjg]t :jof Rjlg . t/ lnjf
h";f+ Gx\ofan]+ ;Toofu' x] ho h'O . Yj x] w|'a
;To vM . co\ h"u'ln+ emL lnkf ts+ dg" 'of
Djfo\u' vM;f, ;bf+ ;sl;ofu' g'uMno\ af; ofgf
gf+ sfo\sf Rjg]u' vM;f bSj dfgj hutof le+
lrto\ ofgf ;'sd{ g'uMno\ to\u' x] bsn] tMw+u'
wfo\sf bSj:of l5 l5, y" y" ofsf h'Ou' :jof
le+ dg" wfo\sf lnkf ts+ gf sfo\sf Rjg]u'of
cfgGb x] 5u" . d]u' vF dg" h'o fyM lk;+ wofu',
ofgfu' Hof k" j+s ofo\ vF 5tf Hof 5tf uan]
dofo\ . yf}+sGx] yg Rjlk+ dg" to\;+ vF 5tf
Hof 5tf ofgf Rj+u' ;s:of+ vfgf x] Rj+u' b' .
:jof x] Rj+u' b' . dg" h'ofof tMw+u' u'0f x] clN;
drf;] yM lk;+ ofo\dfMu' Hof sGx] wsf+ No+sf
dt;] yMu' sd{ efM lkof kmnofu' cfzf dof ;]
ofsg+ l;wo\sf J5o\u', 5fo\wf;f cf;] wfnls
emLu' dg lxnf dv'u' vFo\ ag] k'm . cy]nf emL;+
ofgfu' sd{of kmn yg x] l;O b', qmL;+drfu'
hs vM . zq'tf+ a}/efj Ajngf jM;f ldqtf+
zq' gfz h'O . dg" a'O{a+ ;'+ tMw+ rLw+ h'Ou'
dv' jnf yMu' Jojxf/, afFnfu' rl/q j s'zn
cfr/0fof k|efj+ le+dg" j hut sNOf0f h'Ou'
Hofofgf ;j{>]i7 k|fl0f wfo\sf Rjg]u' x] emL dg"
h'ofof ;f/ vM .
afv+
b'uf{dfof clh
b'uf{dfof clh GxfosF :j:jF 5k'5k' btn]
e'o';F xfs'js l5gf RjgL . by' by'O{ df]jfOno\
;gfRjFDx 5o\ ;'lrtfoft ugF xfs'u' /+u GoF
dGo+u' b'nf wsf Gogf RjgL . ;'lrtf 5Sj kltsF
ldvf clh kfv] Ajf]osf ln;M laoft'FRjgL .
clhof g'uM rFrFwfMln;]t'F erf yfto\gF db' . /+u
l5O l;w]sf NxfM ;fa'gF afFnfs l;nfM ;'lrtfof
Gxof]g] ;F km]ot'O{ . pl3|do\ jfyfSs bgfM b/fh
rfols . emjMnfSs vfoftMu' kfl;{tM :jO{ y'u'
lksfonf pu' lksfonf Sjl5O{ yfs'O{ . kl;{t
k't'dt' k'Ols . vfoftM yf;F lnsfO{ yo\s :jO{
VjfM erf :o+sf cg;Ft' vfO . xfsgF Not'dt'Noof
lgTjM :jTjfMtL kl;{ lnsof ;'lrtfof Gxofg]
tyf GogL æu'u' kl;{ Ho" :j;f d}Æ æGxofu';fF Ho",
clhoft u'u'oM jx]Ho" .Æ df]jfO{nF ldvf lndsf;]
jF wfO{ . æ:jx] d:j;]=== 5sM :jof wfn] u'u'
Ho" <Æ kl;{kfv] ldvf Ajf]of æx'F nf/+uu' Ho'sf
clhoft t;tF NjMÆ æsf;f jln+g] . rLw+u' Ejo\
dv' tw+u' kf6L{ wfu'ln+ .Æ clh+ j 5TjfM kl;{ cy]
tof d]u' bSj b/fho :jygL . nf/+uu' kl;{oft
NjMu' n+, uf lksof d]ro bof] tO{ . k't'k'OsfM
tfMrf KjfFo\ lnsof ;]km rfos]t s'tofgf Rj+u'
vgfM ;'lrtfF wfO{, æclh, sGx]ltgf Ejo\ yf}+gF
lg;] 5fo\ lt;f lksfo\ dfMu' < 5yfo\ 5yfo\ tO{
cn] ugtn ugtn wof dfF HjLt .Æ æsf;fsfÆ
wof tfMrfKjfFo sofM yf;o\t'F tO{ . g'un] wf;f
df]lxgL lrqsf/
vF :jt'dt':jO{ . ujn]+ Gog] g+ dg+ jg]gF dg+u',
5' wfO{ OGu]h=== d]G6of Ejo\ . Ujo\ xOu'gF
dv'xF . vfln lhhfefh' HjLDx+ edrfHjLDx]l;t
j edrf HjLd]:of lhhf efh' HjLd]l;t c+u'
Gx\ofsf JofM Sjl5u' . uGofu' rng < jgF kf6L{
Kofn];o\ jgf Ejo\ GofosfM . vgF roKobF k'nM .
roGofbF b'Dx clhof lglt+ t;sF ch'rfOk'u' vF .
conf clh pln hGd b'Dx wsf ;'gfgF wfO{dv' .
lwl;ldl; nfgf DxF Sjft';] vg]b' . pofu' g'uM
Ejo\ jg]t t;tF xyfo\rfM . d]lkGyfo\gF dv' . ;2]
yM Dxforfof drfofu' Hof‰jM .
sGx]v'g'+ afFnfs j;tFk'gf lt;fF ltofM Ejl5+
Ejo\ jgL . u'lnhs Gx]k'u' ns; . yfo afFnfu'gF
plts+ afFnfsftMu'gF pltsFx] emMemM wfos .
Ejo\ jMlkgF pltsx] emMemM wfM . koglaof Ejo\
j Yjnf 5' g+ dkfM j+ dg+ dg+ wfO{ . clh+
;segF ldvfAjf]O{ jtL ylhlk+ 5Dxx] vgLdv' .
eltrf g'uM Sjt'gL . xfsgF g'unF wfO{ ælhnf
t;s+ efUodfgL wfo]df Djfgf Rjgf dvf y'hf]u'
Gx}k'u' HofvFt :jo]bt . dv';f vgLnf < 5'ofo
lh s]+ yM 5o\ofu' HofvF :jodv+sx] jg .Æ g'uM
dl5gL . ufRjtF ldvfx'O{ . erf hfojF Hof‰jM
GxofO{ . ldh+ drf+ ld;fdrfoft ld;fdrfF ldh+
drfoft c+u' Gxofls . ;sl;gF nfkfyfO{ . j
jftfFHjL go\Tjg] h'n . Nof;] Nofo\Dxt KofvF
Nx'n ln;ln;]+ HofyM HofyLlkgF Nx'O{ . clh
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 19
d';'d';' lGxnf :jrfRjgL . pof yMu' O{lxkfM
n'dgf jO{ . lem+5b+ b'Dx poft lem+:jbF b'Dx
ldh+ ln;] ljxfofgf Ao"u' . stf+d/L lDxt] y]F .
b'nL tof SjaLofogL . yf}sGx] y]+ ldh+ jofM
sfM jo\dMu' wofu'g+ db' . eftM wofDx gF 5'
5' 5'F :ou"u' dv' . ckfo w+u' hxfg+ gMu' kFkF
lrk l;n] dfMu' . hgL b]+uf lrgf :jk' :jk'
Kok'Kok' :jfgF nM Nx]dfM . ldhFt bSjl;of go\
w'+sf dfh' j d]lk+ ln;] VjfpF;] Rjfk'y] Rj+u' hf
go\ dfMu' . Hof yfs'of lgsM lgsM tSs yM5]oF,
lj:o' jgfu' n'dMlg . dfaf}lk;+ x]osf tot'+ogL .
æs/lk;+ :o";f 5' wfO{ < dfFaf}of OHhtof Ro"tf
to Djfnf < KoDx dg"of Gxof] VjfM Ajof go\
Djfnf <Æ wof . BgfRjgfu' k'm+u e"mrfos u'nL
Vjou' u'ln+ g'uM dl5+s]u' 5'F NofMrfM db' . cfvM
Ajf]g]u' t;t+ d+b' vfln Dxu; y]F hs HjL . yM
ldh+ Ajf]g]s'lyO jgfM cfvM Ajf]+jgL lnkf tfkn]
jgfFg+ Ajf]Fjg . yM wfM;f Gxofan]+o\ ;'s"wGbfo\t'+
tSogf RjgL . ldh+ tfkn]+ lnxfF a;]Fln s, v,
ofgf cfvM :ogflaof yf}F yMofu' gf+ RjofM ;xL
ofo ts kmt . can] ld;flklgu' nfuL ;'y]
cfvM Ajf]+lsu' Ajf]gfs'lyO gF rfMu' vM t/ yMoft
wfM;f Ajf]+jg]u' phFdb' . s'tg+ dofgfu' dv' .
pjn]ofu' vFt bSjF afvF h'n . ldhg+ TjMtfj+u'
g+ lemGofbF bt . ædn]h' efuLofoÆ wfMu' ;nF j
yf/fSs Gx'O{ . æefUodfgL HjLdfÆ j+ ;'jfM laO .
Ejo l;wo]sf sfo ef} j 5o\ ;'lrtf
ln;]+ 5]F lnxfFjO{ t/ GXoMjo\s] kmOdv' . prfu'
ldvfo\ cgofu' ns; hs ;+lskfM y] emnemn
jrfRjgL . 5sM klts+ d"k'nf Rj+u'vgfM GxoMg] ;F
vftfo\ BgfRj+Dx ;'lrtfF GogL æclh GxoMdjnf
Dx;'s'dGtls 5' <Æ ædv' 5' g+ dh"Æ jF ln;M
20 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
laO . pof g'un] vF jfnft'F RjgL . yMkfohL
Ejo\ Gofosf xfsg+ nlR5+ lnkf lktlaof Ejo\
Gofos] dfgLxF . w]jf ofu'nf 5'F NofMrfM x]
db' . dg"to w]jfgF u'nLhs b'u' vM . nl5ofb'g]
lgsMlgsM Ejo\ Gofos] dfMu' . yf}+sGx] Gxofu'
Ejo\gF kf6L{Kofn];o\ Gofos] dfMu' j ch"rfO{ .
t/ Gx}k'n .
5'F lbF lnkf laxf HjL dv't wsf ;'r j} .
5fo\ y] u'u' vFo y] l;Os]t clh xyforfO .
poft OSs';] Rjgf OGh]hd]G6o\ gofjMu' Ejo\
Nxf]o dfMy]+ RjgfjO{ . ukfo;s+ DxfOk'u'
vF . kmf]g 5s ofgf Gog]dfMy] tfO{ . kmf]gofNofM
RjoftMu' sflk ug tn y]+ . dfnf RjgL . ;'lrtf
sf]yfo\ b'xfF jMu' vg]jF GogL ærgb]jLoft 5sM
kmf]gofo dfMu' sflk ug tny]+ <Æ æclh kmf]go\
s't'dt's'nf Gogf Rjg] dt] s/lkgL oOdv' . Old
vF kfol5 dh'n pls Aof dHjLu' h'n wf;]gLÆ
æOld oMTo h'of Aofxfofo To+u' dv'nf < uy] vF
kfol5 dh'n w}u' <Æ ævM cfMjof dg lxnHjL .
do]s do]s laxfofou' :jof dofMou'x] a]; .
emL;+ s/ ofo] Ho'u'gFdv' . ofogF dHo"Æ ædv'
ckforM lbgL lbgL Ejo\ Gofos] w'+sf laxfdHjLu'
wofu'nf ;'s'db'gLÆ æ5' ;'s' b' 5' ;'s'db'
OldgFnf ososF dofo To+u' v}dv'gL . s/lkgLu'
vFo\ emL rf]sfgls+ h'O dHo" . yf}+sGx] ;+;f/ ugF
ug GYog] w'+s'u' b' clh+ 5' :o' < ld;f ld;f
AofXofofMlkgFb' ldh+ ldh+ AofMofMlkgF b' . pld
yMyMu' OR5f d]lk;F gjfo\ Ho"nf <Æ æ5' wof 5F
< ld;fld;f Aofxfofu'–ldh+ldh+ Aofxfofu'=== x]
eujfg uGofu' uGofu' hs vF Gog] dfMu' Yj < 5'
h'ofjMu' ;+;f/ Yj .Æ clhof Gx\ok'F Hof dof y]+
tfofjO{ j tf]n]h'of 5o\oft :jof RjgL .
afv+
dv'y] ofo]nft
ef}rf ofgf rlR5 Bg] dv+ . Gofp Gofp
xfnfM yfxfFM s'xfF h'ofRjg . Vofgf 5jMof+ dj+ .
yf} ef}lrof ;M Gxfkf lnkf :jofM kfM . VjM;M jM .
ps'g' lg;] 5'+x] dgM . b'?g+ dTj+ . nf tof gsfg+
dgM . VjM ;M jos Gofp Gofp xfnf drf pv]
y'v] dfM h'ofM Rjg .
/fddfofof efMtDxg+ GxoM jos] dkmofM
nflu rfMof xflnO .
…yM drfofty]F ef}lrt dfof ofgf Rj+u'of
kmn jn dv'nf < ef}rf nlx dt] wofu' dv'nfM
5Gt . lh+ wofu' vF GolgODx dv' . :jDx, d:t
laof 5jf]o dfMnf . 5Dx No+s';f Ho"gL . drf
dvgf xfnf RjDx sf j . Gxfkf Gxfkf cy]
dxfM .Ú
lvrf nf ndlxgf ef}rf nlxnf lhO .
dfnf xofM Rj+jn . ;/0f jMDx]l;t 5' ofou' .
Vofgf+ dj+ . :ofgf 5jo\u' nf . l5g+ vflg aflg
:o+s"Dx . nf Gofgf gs] xODx .
afrf k'n . ef}rf ug jgy] < xfM;M db' .
/fddfof GxoM jos]t :jO{ . Gxof]djM . ef}rf
xfg+ Dofp Dofp xfnfM 5]+o\ Rj+lklg GXoM :olgO
wsfM wGbf h'n .
/fddfof Bg] dk'm . /fddfofof lvrf nlx
dof] . sfolk;+ lvrf 5Dx nlxO 5]+ lkjfM bO{
wsfM u'ln wfng+ ndXo" . Kjfy] b'Dx ef}rf
jofM Rj+jn n'vfof vfkf ltgfg+ dj+ . drf
ljdnf zfSo
a'nls yfo\ lxnL . 5yf;+ RjgL dv' w}u'
dltg+ yfo\ ljn . t/ ef}rf+ yfo\ dxo" . 5foy]
d:o' . ;' /fIftu' yfo\ h'ofnf . hflu/ l;wMDx
ug+ jg], DjMDxM /fddfofof u'jn] :jo dn+u'
ef}lru' lnnf :jofM lGx 5ofo\ bt+ . ef}lrof yM
drf to\t dltgf :j:j+ jof yM sfo\ drfoft
:j :j+ no]tfofu' n'd'g . dfFof g'uM ;sl;of+
py]+ .
5Gx' ef}rf jofu' yf;+ lkxf djM . gMg+
djM . rR5L GxL5L drf lkof Rjg . /fddfof+
dfFd ef}lrt g;f yno\ lnSs tofljn .
ef}rf 5Sjn+ lt+ Gx'ofM No'g] ;'nf Rj+Dx bf+u|fDx
ef}lrt xo]sfn . 5sM5sM drfkfv] lnxf jof
:jMjO{ . xfg+ bfu|fDx ef}rf gfk d"tF lksof
NjfM jlgO . /fddfof df+Dx ef}lrt emDt] ofu'
:jo dkmofM cfKkfM dfnfM sosL . ldh+Dx ef}
la:o'+jgL . n8fO{g+ TofsfM jMDxy] ef}rf lGxk+
;+sfM /fddfofof Dxoo lnSs Kok'+jO{ . /fddfof
ef}lrt Dxo\ lkQ' lkO{ .
hMnfvMnf yMlyltlk;+ ef}rf nlxO dToM
d:t b'yfo\ ef} nlxO dHo" . ef}lrofu' Njo\ k'gL
KoDx KoDx ef} tlw h'nls b'Mv laO{ . o+s] wfM
b';f laof 5j . dfF No+sfM :jDx laofM 5jO{ .
pv'g' lg;] ef}rf g g+ dgM . Bf]g+ dB+ . /fddfof
j+j+yfo\ jlgO . jofu' efif+ …lhld drft ug
jgÚ wfMy]+ Tjn+ :jof RjgL . d:t Gxof]g] dbos
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 21
dgO{Dx . yMu' Dx'tO{ Rj+u' nf Nxjof d:t]t
glsODxf df+d]l;u' b'Mv :jo] yfs'of d:t lnt lxF
wfonf wsfM /fddfofof dltO{ jO{ . oGs'lklgu'
5]+ d:o" .
/fddfofof Dx't'+ ;M lkHjO{ dfDx+ gfk kmfofM
ef}lrof d:t ljof 5jof dv'y] ofonft .
yMt yDx+ GjfO{ k;'ofg+ g'uM b' j g+ 5Dx
dfF vM . lh drf lkxfjgf Rjlk+ O{no\ b'xfF
djnls g'uM dRj+ . kmf]g ofo\ . kmf]g djgls
g'uM ef/f ef/f ldlg . yfxfM s'xfM h'O{ . d:to\
?sld0fL >]i7of Gx'u'
;k"m g;f Tj;f jf;M g+
v+ efu @ lkxf jo\ w'+sn
;k"m w's" ef]6flx6L Gofo]u'
b' . ;k"m Gofgf df+ efiffoft Rj Gxofs]
t Ajldlk+t Ogfk ofgf .
22 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
dg+o]s+ sy'+ g;f Sjxf dj+ . yy] ;sn] efMlk
dk'mDx .
5Dx No+sf lgDx ljof 5f];f+ db'lk drft
dfFof g'un+ nf]d+s] km} dv' . dfFof nflu yM drft
;sn] pTy]+ .
tMwL h'nls df+ln;] drft k]k'gf RjgL
dv' . yMyMu' nF lngf jgL . Gxfkfx] larfM ofo
dk'mt . btn] s'rfM . dboj+ larfM wofy] h'n .
/fddfof y'hMu' vF g'un] jfosf Rj+Dx u'jn]
GxoM jn j+ drfM .
yf}+sGx]
Rjv+
ltls‰ofM
ltls‰ofno\ snfsf/+ yMu' snfsfl/tf
b'u]sf ‰ofMoft hLjGttf laO . ltls‰ofno\
lsof tMu' snfsfl/tf x] emLu' Dxl;Osf vM .
emLu' df}lnstf vM . emLu' df}lnstf wofu' x]
ltls‰ofno\ ;'nfRj+u' snfsfl/tf vM . emLu'
df}lnstfof kof{o ltls‰ofno\ Rj+u' d"lt{snf,
lrqsnf, nlntsnf vM . u'u' d"lt{snf j
lrqsnf+ emLt hLjGttf laof Rj+u' b' . emLu'
hLjGttfgfk+ :jfk" bMu' ltls‰ofno\ vg]bofRj+u'
d"lt{snf j lrqsnf+ g]kfn j g]kfnLof uf}/j j
ul/df emLu' 5o+ Xofjn]+ w:jfM .
yg ltls‰ofMof gfdo\ cg]s cfsf/ k|sf/of
zLk z}nL AjofM bo]sftMu' Dxo\vf‰ofM, b]zo\db'
‰of ªo\ªfkf‰ofM, k;'sf‰ofM, ;F‰ofgf cflb emL
k'vf{lk;+ bo]sf ys"u'b' . yf}F j k'ms+ k'mnL k'nf+u'
ltls‰ofM, ;F‰ofM, Dxo\vf‰ofM, b];o\db'‰ofM
cyjf ªo\ªkfM‰oft g]kfn j g]kfnLof
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf vM . plsof ;+/If0f ofo]u' emL
;sMl;ofu' wd{ vM sd{ vM . emLu' ltls‰ofM,
;F‰ofM, Dxo\vf‰of, k;'sf‰ofM, b];d\db'‰ofM,
ªo\ªfkfM‰ofM k'mSs ln;+ cnu cnu ljz]iftf
b' . ljz]if ofgfM :jlguno\ d7, dlGb/, axf,
ljxf/o\ vgf Rjgfu' ‰ofMltls‰ofM t ljleGg
csf/ k|sf/of b' . Yj x] g+ ljz]iftf vM . y'sy+
‰ofM :jg]u'lnO g+ k4lt b' . cfofd b' . z}nL
b' . Gxfkf+u' tNnfo\ ;F‰ofM 5'Odv';f lgu"u'
tNnf dfg] RjttNnfo\ ltls‰ofM, k;'sf‰ofM,
ltns k|sfz
Dxo\vf‰ofM, b];o\db'‰ofM cflb 5'Odv' . ;F‰ofM,
ªo\ªfkf‰ofM RjttNnfo\vof g+ ltls‰ofM x] 5'gf
tMu' b' . vf; ofgfM k;'sf‰ofM BM5]F, cfu+5]F hs
x] 5'gf tMu' vg]b' .
ltls‰ofMof k|fb'ef{j ljz]ifofgfM :jlguno\
levf5]Rrf, ckf, l;Fof5]F bg];ofMln+ bo]s]u'
ofgfxMu' h'o]dfM . x/]s b[li6sf]0f+ ;'/lIft ltls‰ofM
j}1flgsh" -lkgo\ofu' k'mSs+ vg]b}u' . lkg] g+ b'g]
g+ sf]7fof5'+ g+ vg] b}dv' . ltls‰ofn+ n'd'u'
lgef j l;r'u' :jR5 kmo\ lgtf+ b'xf jM . Yj x]
ltls‰of ljz]iftf . lxGb':tfgo\ d'u'n ;fd|fHo+
xMu' kbf{ l;:td g]kfn g+ c5'tf h'o]dk'mt .
lxGb':tfgo\ h'Ou' lqmofsnfkof k|efj elt Gxfkf
j lnkf g]kfno\ g+ h'x] h'O . g]kfno\ dNn h'h'lk+
hgtfg gfk+ x/]s HofvFo\, x/]s b'Mv ;'vo\
;xefuL h'of Rj+g]u'ofM . hgtfto\u' GxLof
GxL yof Hof–vo\ Ro'tf sofAj g]u'ln Jojxf/]
;xcli6Tjof Jojxf/+ofgf pu' o'uoft :j0f{o'u
g+ wfo]u' ofM . vo]t nf dNn h'h'lklg kfnfo\ g+
kbf{ k|yf db'u' dv' . kbf{ b', dof{bfsy+ . dof{bf
yMyMu' ;+:sf/ ;+:s[ltsy+ . pls+ dNn h'h'lklg
kfnfo\ g+ ltls‰ofM b' . ;F‰ofM b' . hgtf gfk+
tfkfsf dv' . ;ltsf x], ;db'/L efj+ . cfTdLo
;db'/L .
yf}+of ko{6sLo kof{j/0fo\ kf}efno\
RjoftMu' lrqsnf, c+uno\ RjoftMu' lrqsnf
c+uno\ AjoftMu' yfGsf, l;Fof, rfof d"lt{snf
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 23
cflbof ;+/If0f emLu' ltls‰ofn+ ofgf Rj+u' b' . vM . j+u' @)&@ ;fnof e'vfr+ ygof oSs d7
ltls‰ofM db'u' h";f Vjkof ªo\ªfkf‰ofMof Sj;+ dlGb/t y'gf ljpu' b' . t/ cfM g+ yg py]+ Rj+s
Rj+u' a}7so\ h'h' e"ktLGb| dNn+ c+uno\ RjoftMu' bo\s] k'mlk+ bIf snfsf/lk+ blg . O j j;fn
by'O ljZj?k j hMvM 5v] dxfef/t lrqsyf j r'nfsf hs lao]dfM .
d]v] /fdfo0fdf lrqsyf Nogf Rjlgu' ;+ej x] yf}+ ;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtf+ ltls‰ofM tofM
db' -k'm;fXjof, lrlgvfgf k'mSs+ Ajnf an h'O ;F‰ofM tofM 5]+ bg]u'nf sNkgf x] ofO dv't .
-u'u' yf}+ ts g+ hLjGtltlg . pln af+nf . pln x] ;F‰ofM ltls‰ofMof w]jf+ ;fwf/0f 5]F 5vftof/
:ki6 . :j;MbF k'nf+u' j c+uM lskf . yf}FsGx] 5jf h" . pls+ emL;+ y'ln;Dd wfo] k'm olb l5slk+s]
5Gx" d+unjf/ hs rfo\sf+ dufM . Sjft's ;'/Iff ;F‰ofM, ltls‰ofMb;f, ;'oft+ ldrflbOdt
ljof v'Gx" x] rfo\s]dfM dfM . lkgo\ plsofaf/]of ljoflbdt] jx]‰ofM, Hof tof 5]Fbgf lb;F . ;F‰ofM,
;fOgaf]8{ g+ to]dfM . cnUu z'Ns g+ sfo]dfM . ltls‰ofM Dxl;Os]u' jx] ;F‰ofM, ltls‰ofno\
y'hfu' lrqsnf ;'of :jo] dof] < Vjko\ Rj+lk;+ RjgfM yMu' lbAob[li6+ 5sM :joflb;F . k|fl1sldvf+
x], j lrqsnf dv+lk+ oSj blg . d:o'lk+ oSj+ :joflb;F . k'/ftflTjs ldvf+ :jof lb;F . emLu'
bMlg . 5'+ ;'r+ b'Mu' dv' . uy] ;Lu' < Nxflt ;'Ot+ yMu' df}lnstf emL;+ x] Dxd:o'df ;'oft 5' wfo]u'
yLs] ljOdlhp . plsof Joj:yf g+ ofo]dfM . < c:t' M
emLyfo\ :jo]axMu' yfo\ oSj b' . emL ckf] !!#& rpnf Yj ci6dL
?9LjfbL h'of g+ yxfFjo] dk'mu' vM . emLs]
ko{6slk+t Sog]o\u' oSj ;fdu|L b' . yfo\ b' .
emL;+ bs] Gxfkf+ yMu' ?9L ljrf/ TjMt] kmo\s]df .
ko{6slk+ 5' ygof l;+xb/af/, gf/fo0flxlt b/af/
zLtn lgjf; :jo]t j}lk+ vMnf < Olk+nf yg
a'4 hGde"ld n'lDagL, a'4 Ajn+u' ltnf}/fsf]6of
eUgfjz]if, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ lxdfn >[+vnf,
;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyf cno\ ygof jf:t'snf,
lrqsfn, lzNksnf, k|:t/snf, :yfoTosnf
cflb :jMj}u' vM . cy]+t'+ ygof d7, dlGb/, ljxf/,
k'nf+ k'nf+u' 5]+, ;tMcno\ plsof jf:t'snfof
cWoog cg';+wfg j cjnf]sg ofo]t j}u'
vM . cem ygdf k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbf rfFu'gf/fo0f
dlGb/ :jo]t' jOu' . btfqo dlGb/ :jo]t j}u' .
s[i0f dlGb/ :jo]t j}u' . lx/0oj0f{ dxfljxf/
:jo]t jOu' . Goftkf]n dlGb/ :jo]t jOu' . cy]+
t'+ sfi7d08k, kz'klt dlGb/ :jo\De' :jo]t j}u'
24 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
Rjv+
;'vL kfl/jfl/s hLjgof
nflu a'4 lzIff
ug srj+ bO cg czflGt h'O . rfo\s+ jf
drfo\s+ uNtLof sf/0f j :jfly{of sf/0f+ ofgfM
x] yj+yM tMw+u' kl/jf/ b'g] jf rLMw+u' kl/jf/ b'g]
Njfk'Vofk' h'Ou' vM . cGofo, cTofrf/ Jolerf/
h'n wfM;f emg\ x] tMRjt+ Njfk' h'O . 5Dx+ d]Dx
k|lt ;Dos b[li6 jf ;Dos arg w}u' dGt wfM;f
g+ vFof sf/0f+ j :jOu' wËof sf/0f+ TjxM db'
TjxM tofM Njfk' h'Ou' . 5Dx+ d]Dx k|lt /fu, å}if
tof h'Ou' . uNtL ofgfM Njfk' h"u' vM;f uNtL
ofMDxl;g+ dflkm ˆjg]dfM . dflkm x] ˆj+;f+ tlj
g'uno\ :ofMDxl;g+ ln;f ln;f sofM å}if k|s6
ofgft'+ Rjg wfM;f Njfk'of srj+ uan]+ g+ KjgL
dv' . pls+ lnkf Yo+s af+dnfMu' lnRjM nfgfRjg]
oM . uNtL ofMDx]l;g+ uHofMu' uNtL oft uNtL
:jofM jgL .
uNtL ofDxl;of nflu lrw+u' h"";f+ xfgL
h"Dx]l;of nflu tMw+u' h'O . uNtL ofMDx]l;g+ yMu'
uNtL :jLsf/ ofo]dfM, dflkm ˆjg]dfM, kl/jf/o\
zflGt h'O . yf}+of Ono\ czflGt+ cfkfn+ yfo\
sfo] w'+sn . lx+;f, xTof, n'6, ckx/0fy]+ HofMu'
h'of jofRj+u' b' .
vo\tnf eujfg\ a'4of hLjgsfno\ :jod\
eujfg a'4oft g+ b'Mv Ao"jMlk+ b' . t/ eujfg\
a'4+ k|ltsf/ ofgf ladHofM . a? cHofMlkGt
;t larf/of vF sgfM zflGtofM nFk'O xof
lan . a'4of hLjg ln;] :jfk' b'u' hfts afv+,
cd[tdfg zfSo leIf'
c+u'GQ/ lgsfo, bL3lgsfo\ y]+ HofMu' ;k'mltO
GXoygftMu' b' . :jljj]s larf/+ v+sfM h'OdfMlk+
dg'v+ dg" k|lt cGofo cTofrf/ ofgfM dv'
:jljrf/ ofo]dfM . 5Dx+ d]Dx k|lt d}qL s?0ff
tof Rjg]dfM . 5]Fo\ ;'vL kl/jf/ cy]+ h'O .
dg" klts+ hLjg ;'vLdo h'O . 5]Fvf klts+
cfGgbdo :ju{t'No h'O .
x/]s 5]Fo\ x/]s dg"of rfxgf w}u' ;'vL
hLjg ;'vL kl/jf/ vM . co\g+ do\s do\s+
;'vL yf;o\ b'MvL hLjg xgfRjg] dfnfRj+u' b' .
yMDx+ w}y] dGt wfM;f lgDx x] h";f+ dg ldn]
dh'of jgL . ljrf/ kfgf jgLu'of sf/0f+ ofgfM
x] 5]Fvf klts+ czflGt dr] h'of RjgLu' . lgDx
dg"of vF ldn] dh'Ou' yf;o\ tMhxfgof vF ldn]
dh'Ou' nf h' x] h'n, plsof nflu w}o{tf dfM .
w}o{tf dGt wf;f zflGtof yf;o\ czflGt dr]
h'Ou' :jfefljs vM . dg'g+ dg"oft vF y'Os]t
yfs', kmfObf h'Ou' vF h";f ofsg+ y'Osf sfO .
a]kmfObf h'Ou' vF h'n wfM;f pln Wofg jgLdv',
lrptfM g+ tof RjgL dv' . y";f+ dy" eg+ Rjgf
aL . emLdg" w}lk+ :jfly{t vM . j x] :jfy{of
sf/0f+ ofgfM dg"to\ lrQ xfs' . yDx+ w}y] bt
wfM;f GXo"VjfM jOu', yDx+ w}y] dGt wfM;f VjfM
lvpFsfM RjgLu' sf/0f+ dg"to\u' hLjg ;bf+
g+ py]+ dh" . dg"t uan]+ ;'vL, uan]+ b'MvL
h'Ou' :jfefljs vM . wfo\ls, kfl/jf/Lsof vFo\
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 25
df+af}, sfo\DXofo\lk+ j 5o, 5'Olk+ k'mSs+ 5yf;+
Rjg wfM;f 5Mu" kl/jf/ h'n . tMDx ;Gtfg bt
wfM;f tMw+u' kl/jf/ . jofl;a]+ cKjM bt wfM;f
ssf sfsL ;xLt+ 5yfo\ Rjg wf;fM tMhxfgof
kl/jf/ h'Ou' h'n . df+af}lklg yMkl/jf/of lGxy+
VjfM :jofRjg] bo]j+ dg ofpF;] Rj+, DjfMdb'u'
lrGtfsof Rjg] DjfMnLu' . ;sn kl/jf/ d'gfM
df+af}of GXoMg] RjgfM /x/ ax/ ofo] boj+
kl/jf/of x] GXoOk';] RjgLu' . df+af}lklg
kl/jf/o\ 5Dx lgDx ;'+ GXoMg] dvg]j+ ug jg
u'yfo\ jg wsfM Gog] sg] ofO . b'xf+jn nf djn
nf wsfM lk/ sofRjgL . 5]Fof xfdfof larfM
;+rfM w}u' yHofMu' x] vM . Ono\ b'xf+ djMtn]
‰ofno\ RjgfM g+ lkofRjgL . ug+ 5'+ h'of Rjg
nf wsfM df+af}lklg wGbf sofM RjgLlklg dfof
bOu' :jfefljs vM . Gogf j+;f+ tlj kl/jf/o\ x]
Rjg]ano\ ;'v zflGt, cfgGb+ hLjg xgf Rj+lkGt
cfsfemfsf+ lj/fdL h'ofM jf b'3{6gf h'ofM,
cfk/flws 36gf h'ofM tMw+u' ;d:of jo]oM .
;'vL kl/jf/o\ RjgfM hLjg ofkg ofgfRj+lklg
cg]s ;d:of j ;d:ofof ;dfwfg ofo]u'nL
pkfo g+ bofRjgL . 5Dx+ d]Dx k|lt dfof bof
Kj+sf RjgL . GXofu' HofvF g+ ;sl;u'+ Ujfxfln+
l;wof jgL . 5'+ HofvFo\ ;d:of h'n wfM;f
g+ yMu' kl/jf/+ drfM;f yMlklg ;Nnfx ;fx'lt+
d]lk+ gfk ;Nnfx AofsfM g+ ;d:ofof ;dfwfg
ofo]kmof RjgL . tMhMof kl/jf/ b'g] yj+yM
nhufMof vFo\ Jojxf/of vFo\ ;xnx AofgfM
bfh'lshf hs dv' lk+lnlklg laro\ ts+ yMlklg
5]FHof lg;]+ sofM lkg]ofM ;fdflhs ;]jf jf
nhufM wd{sd{of cg]s HofvFo\ ;'vL kfl/jfl/s
hLjg ;'yf+ nfsfM GXofs]u' nfuL ;femf k|oTg
26 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
ofgf RjgLu' h'O . nhufM jf ;fdflhs ;]jfo\
tSogf GXoOk'Ss hLjg xgfRj+lk kl/jf/ b' y]+
yM d:t, df+af}, snfMof ts g+ lrptfM dt;]
yM oTy] gofM TjgfM, h" lDxtfM kl/jf/oft ts+
c;'/lIft b'Mlvt cj:yfo\ nfsfM h'ofRjgLlk+
g+ b' .
Njfk' lkbgLu' :jfefljs vM . dg" h'ofM
Djfo]t b'Mvo\ Kok'gfM dv' ;'v+ Rjg]u'nL larfM
to]u' vM . dg" ljj]szLn k|f0fL vM . kz' y]+
HofMu' hLjg Oldu' dv' . co\g+ dg'v+ t[i0ffof
hfno\ tSogfM b'Mvo\ Kok'gLu', go] bt wfM;f
nfMnfMy] gofM TjgfM, ;gfM yMt x] xfgL h'Ou',
yDx+ ofgfM kl/jf/o\ ;sl;t+ xfgL h'Ou', kL/
h'Ou'kfv] nfgf RjgL . p;fFo\ dbofM c:ktfno\
jgfM Rjg] dfnLu' . bf+ b';f+ db';f+ Tofo\ sofM
h";f+ jf;M ofo]dfn . cg]s t/xg+ b'Mv ;Lu'
kl/jf/o lrtf ;'v dbOu' .
y'sy+ Aofkf/o\ :ofgfM ;+ut dlegfM b'Mv
:o"lk+ b', t/ :o+lkGt le+s]t ;fk yfs' . kl/jf/o\
df+af}lkG;+ sM3fo] dkmofM sfo\ DXofo\lklg k|lt
On+ O{ lrptfM dt;] TjMtftMu' sf/0f+ yMlkG;+ b'Mv
tfo] dfnLu', k:tfo\ rfo] dfnLu', kl/jf/o\ RjgfM
df+af}, sfo\ DXofo\ ;sl;g+ yMyMu' lhDd]jf/L
k"j+sfM ;t\;+uto\ RjgfM le+u' nFk'O jgfM ;'v
zflGt ofgfM Rjg]dfM . le+u' nFk' dfn]u', le+u'
vF Gog]u', le+u' ljrf/ jo]s]u' wofu' drf+lg;]+
df+af}lkG;+ afgL le+sf Rjg]u'
ofo]dfM . hLjgo\ le+u' nFk' Sog]u'nL eujfg\
a'4of ;t pkb]z tMw+u' lzIffbLIff vM . a'4of
pkb]zsy+ uy] wfn cy] Aojxf/o\ 5\onf o+sn
wfM;f Rj+Rj+yfo\ ;'vof nFk' n'ofjO . drf+lg;]+
x/]s HofvFo\ uy] :og cy] h'O . vMu' vF Nxfo]u'
:og wfM;f cy] x] h'O . pls+ drf+lg;]+ a'4
bz{g lzIff :ogf to]dfM . df+af} h'ofy]+ df+af}lkG;+
cfvM Aj+s]u' ofo]dfM . Ajg]s'lyO 5\jo]dfM, cem
d:to\t 1fgL u'0fL ofo]u' nflu a'4lzIff ug
jgfM ;Ou' vM dfnfM GogfM h";f+ a'4lzIff sfo]u'
kfv] s'tM ofgf aL dfM . yMlk;+ g+ Ajgf :jo]dfM .
eujfg\ a'4of d"lt{ dxfdfgjof d"lt{ vM, le+
dg"oft GXofDxl;g+ gfnf sfO .
dle+lk+ v'F, n'Rrf, 8fFsfof gf+ g+ sfo]u'
ofM . chfMlklgu' ;dfho\ d" db' . eujfg\
a'4oft BM efMlkofM k'hf ofO;f dle+lk+ dg"
jO wsfM uNnfs ‰ofM vfkf ltgftO . eujfg\
a'4of d"lt{ b'yfo\ k"hf ofO, bfg k|bfg ofo]u'
afgL bO . leIf'lk+ leIf'0fLlk+ vg]j+ bfg ofo]
dfl:tjO . GXofyfo\ h";f+ bfg ofMh'O . ljxf/o\
jgfRj+lk+ ld:to\ zLn af+nfMlk+ cfkfn+ b' .
d:t, Nofo\Dx Nof;] h'ofM zLn ljgo\ RjgfM
;Eolk+ h'ofM yMu' x] kfl/jf/Ls hLjg ;'vdo
h'Osf Rj+lk+ oSj+ b' . Nxfto\ nhufM b', Dx't'O
;Dos jrg b', ldvf+ :jOu' ;Dos b[li6 b'lk+
k~rzLn, ci6zLn, wd{ y'ofM cfo{ci6fËLs
dfu{ y]+ HofMu' eujfg\ a'4of lgodoft lGxy+
kfng ofgfM hLjg lGxy+ ;'vdo h'Osf Rj+lk+
b' . cy] x] ljxf/o\ jgfRj+lk+ h";f+ b]vfjlt
Aojxf/o\ h'ofRj+lk+ g+ b' . lkg] lkg] ;dfh ;]jf
ofgf wsfM yMu' 5]F etfe'Ë h'OsfM wd{+ tfkfgfM
k'0okmn dnfMlk+ g+ oSj b' . d"lt{oft hs BM
efMlkofM lndnfM kmdnfM BOs] jgfM 1fgdfnf
Do] GXoOk'Ss xfnf h";f+ 1fg dfn] dk'mlk+, 1fg+
dy"lk+, lkg] lkg] GXoOk'Ss rfMlxnfM hs h'O
GXofMlk+ af}4 wfMlk+ g+ vg]b' . af}4 efjgfof
lrGtg dgg ofgfM kfl/jf/Ls hLjg ;'v k"j{s
GXofs], cfWofTdLs j ef}lts sy+ lzIff y'OsfM
;'vk"j{s GXofs] k'm;f b}lgs hLjgo\ GXofs]dfM .
cy] x] ¿k+ Jojxf/+ ;jn h'Ot kl/jf/o\ RjgfM
d}qL s?0ff bo]dfM, cfTd ;Gt'i6L sfo]kmt
wfM;f tMhxfgof kl/jf/ af lrw+u' kl/jf/
;'vL ;bf+ g+ ;'vL kfl/jf/Ls hLjg xgfRjg]
k}mu' h'O . kl/jf/ ;sl;g+ af}4lzIff cWoog
ofo]dfM, af}4lzIff cWoog ofMlkG;+ Aojxf/o\
5\on] g+ dfM . cn] GXofan]+ g+ d+un h'O . 5]Fof
HofyMlkGt xgfagf tofM pldu' dfgl;stf
:jofM Olk+ gfk vFNxfaNxf ofo]u' ofgftn
wfM;f pldkfv]+ 5]Fo\ 5'+ g+ sy+of kfl/jf/Ls
emd]nf h'Odv', czflGt h'Odv' . Oldu' nflu
af+nfMu' Ono\ Aono\ cfxf/ ljxf/, ljrf/kfv]
g+ ljrfM ofo]u' oft wfM;f kl/jf/ b'g] ;'vL
kl/jf/ h'of Rjg]k'm;f j g+ 5u" kl/jf/ d+un
vM, wd{ vM . kl/jf/o\ RjgfM dgo\ zflGt dGt
wfM;f 5' sf/0f+ cy] h"u' vM y'lsO yMt lrQ
a'emo\ dh"u' vF h";f plsof ;d:ofof ;dfwfg
ofo]dfM . kl/jf/o\ lj/fdLlk+ bt wfM;f joft
t'?Gt d}qL s?0ff tofM ljrfM ;+rfM ofo]dfM .
eujfg\ a'4+ wof laHofMu' b', lj/fdLoft larfM
ofo]u' w}u' x] lhu' ;]jf ofMu' a/fa/ h'O .
;fdflhs ;]jf y]+ HofMu' Aofjxfl/s HofvFo\
yj+yM ldn] rn] h'of Rjg]u' hLjg GXoOk'Ss
xg]t dfgl;s ¿k+ ;an h'OdfM, cg]s sy+of
36gfoft sofM eujfg\ a'4of hfts afv+t
GogfM x/]s kl/jf/+ gfnfsfo] axM h" .
BMoft k'hf ofo]u' l;ao\ dg'v+ dg"oft k'mu'
rfMu' ;]jf ofgf Rjg]u' x] bsno\ tMw+u' wd{ vM .
yHofMu' vFo\ ljrfM oof]axM h" . yf}+of Gx" k':tf+
cfo{ci6f+uLs lrGtg dgg ofo]u' l;a]+ g+ ef}lts
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 27
;dfh ;]jfo\ x] bsno\ tMw+u' wd{ efMlkof Rj+lk+
g+ b' . Gxfkf+ yMu' dg no\tfo] dfn, cn] kl/jf/
kf;fefOlk+ yMlylt, xftfgftf Tjfno\ dg" h'ofM
lgM:jfy{ efjgf+ h'Okmt wfM;f dg" dg" by'O
yj+yM d}qL, s?0ff, d'l4tf, pk]Iff, efjgf dgo\
lGxy+ hfu[t h'ofRjg wfM;f :j:y kl/jf/, :j:y
hLjg GXoOk's xgf Rjg]kmO . ;dfh ;]jf x] wd{
efMKo";f+ g+ yMu' sdfO aNnfs] dfn, yMu' dg
zfGt h'Odfn, kl/jf/of dg zfGt h'Odfn .
kl/jf/o\ slr+uM ygfM lkg] ;dfh ;]jf wsfM
h'ofM plsoft wd{ wfOdv' .
Yj vF a'4lzIffoft g+ dNjMu' h'O . wd{ wfwf+
wd{of dxTj y'Os] dfn, eujfg\ a'4of lzIff
gfnf y]+ Aojxf/o\ yMDx+ g+ gfn]dfn . yM a'4of
cg'ofoL wsfM ao\ao\ ofgf h'Ot wd{ cg';f/
sd{ aNnfs] dfn, rt'{cfo{ ;To 1fg v+Dx
Aojxf/o\ 5\onfRj+Dx h'Odfn . yMu' 5]Fo\ :j:y
kl/jf/, ;'vL hLjg xgfRj+lk+ h'of Rjg]dfn .
cn] ltlg yj+yMu' kl/jf/ a'4of cg'ofoL af}4
lzIff HjgftMlk+ wfo]axM h'O .
bfg ofgf wsfM ao\ao\ ofgf h'Ou', yf;+
yf;o\ s[lt tof wsfM ao\ao\ ofgf h'Ou'
a'4wd{oft dNjMu' vF vM . stM g+ xfO xfO
ofsf h'OdfM . yMDx+ yMt xfO xfO ofgf+ 5'
ofo] . yMu' kl/jf/o\ go] dv+sfM lkg] hs
gsf h'ofM 5]Fo\ czfGt h'OsfM ;'vL kfl/jf/Ls
hLjg uy] h'O < y'HjMu' oft a'4 lzIff y"Dx
wsfM wfo] lhO nf < yMt hGd Ao"Dx, x's]{
ofMDx df+af}of ldvfo\ Vjla xfo]sfM cg]s /f]u,
Aoflw gfk ;+3if{ ofgfM b' y]+ k'm y]+ gsfM Tj+sfM
yMDx drfoft 5'+ h'O eg+ b'Mv tfo]sfM lgkf
t'lt+ r'O kmo]sfM ldvf lgun+ v+s] kmo]sfM
28 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
cfvMUjM Dx;LsfM hs dv', yMt yDx+ Dx;Ls]u'
XjMtfM r"nfMDx sfo\ DXofo\lkG;+ df+af}of u'0f
n'd+lkG;+ df+af}of lGxy+ ;]jfefj ofMy]+ df+af}oft
Dxd:o"lkG;+ yMt uy] Dx;L . drf h"tn] ;L
wsfM kf5fofM pv]+y'v]+ j}B, 8fS6/, clhofyfo\
So+jFj+ lndnfsf h'ofM x's{o\ ofgftMu' df+of
u'0f, lg5fM Ko5fM gsfM yMu' sy' u+sf RjgLlk+
df+af}lk+ HofyM h'Oj+ x]nfof efj+ :jofM snfM,
sfo\DXofo\of VjfM :jofM :jfyL{ b[li6+ :jof
lan wfM;f wg ;DklQ sofM nf]eo\ tSogfM
df+af}oft 8f]so\ tofM jfo] o+s] DJffo\s s?0ff
efj+ rfMlxsfM a[4f>do\ gf6sLo 9+u+ TjMtf
aL . sfo\ DXofo\lkG;+ rGbf tofM hs dv',
5n] ofgf jgL . ax'u'0fL df+af}lkGt TjMtf jg]u'
kfl/jf/Ls ;'vL hLjgof gfdo\ Gx"u' rng jMu'
h'n . wd{of gfdo\ sn+s g+ h'n . af}4lzIff
oft NjMu' uy] wfo\ Û
t/ dg"t;]+ y'Os]dfM, cwd{ ofgfM h'Odv'
k'0o, wd{ ofgfM x] h'O k'0o . yMt uy] Ajn+sn
df+af} g+ yMDx+ g+ d:to\t df+af}lkGt uf}/j tofM
d}qL s?0ff lrQ tofM Ajn+sn, ;]jf oft wfM;f
j y]+ HofMu' tMw+u' ;'v dfnf+ n'Os] kmOdv' .
;]jf x] wd{ vM, ;]jf x] sd{ vM . yMDx+ uHofMu'
Aojxf/ oft yMt g+ yMlklg ;Gtfgkfv]+ j x]
Aojxf/ ofO w}u' ln1f+ sfo]dfM . wd{of gfdo\
cg]s b]vfjlt Hof ofgfM Sog]DjfM . yM g+ ;'vL,
kl/jf/hglk+ g+ ;'vL h'Ou'sy+ ;]jf x] wd{, ;]jf
x] sd{ . ;'vL kfl/jf/Ls hLjg xg]u' x] emLu'
sd{ efMlkofM plsoft x] a'4+ Sogf laHofMu'
nFk'oft x] ;'vL kfl/jf/Ls hLjgof nflu a'4
lzIff wfo]axM h" .
Ot'+afxf
Rjv+

/fu k"0f{rGb|
;/f]hgL t08'sf/
DxMl;sfM /fu k"0f{rGb|of hGd k"0f{rGb| yf6 x] h'u' vM . cr\ h'u'nL Yj /fuoft cf>o /fu g+ wfO{ . Yj
/fuo\ Gxo\'ln ;"/ t 5on]u' ofO{u'ln y'sLof hflt ;Dk"0f{ ;Dk"0f{ vM . Yj /fuo\ uð gLð ;'/ sf]dn cno\ /] d
w ;"/ t tLa| h'O{ jf sfkmL /fuo\ dWod ;'/ -d_ tLj| oft wfM;f Yj /fu h'O{ . jfbL ;'/ if8\h -;f_ vM ;f
;DjfbL ;'/ k~rd -k_ vM . Yj /fu xfn]u' O{ lGxgl;of :ju'u' k|x/ jf lGxgl;of lemGgLu' tfMO{ vM . /fu
k"0f{rGb| gfk t;s+ tfMs]Fo\ y]F HjM nfMu' /fu rGb|df]lxgL, rGb|snf jf
;/:jtL /fu t vM . Yj /fuo\ knv lbOdfu' ;'/ t ;f, uð, k vM ;f y'sL ljnlDjt Vofn, 5f]6f Vofn,
w|'jkb, wdf/ y] hfMu' bSsf] Do] xfn]u' j yfo\u' HofM h'O{, dWod ;'/ hs kfM u'ln Yj /fu j sfkmL /fudf
by'O{ Hj nfu' sy+ Ajg]u' HofM
h'O{ . tLj| dWod -d_ ;'/of tw+u' NxfM b"u' Yj /fu g]kfM b]of 5u" Gx"u' /fu g+ vM .
ynfM -cf/f]x_ M ;f /] uð d k, w gðLð ;fñ
SjnfM -cj/f]x_ M ;fñ gL w k, d uð, d uð /] ;f .
d";"/tM -ks8_ M /] uð /] ;f, /] uð d k wk, gðLð w k, d uð, d uð /] ;f .
gf]6 -lnw+;f_M æcf>o /fufd[t k|ydfx"ltÆ ;k"mn] GxoM Jaoftu' lemGv'u' yf6of ‰jno\ lemG5'u'u'
‰jno\ nfu' Yj /fuof hGd k"0f{rGb| yf6 x] h'u' vM .
rf}tfn -Ko+u' dfqf_

ï ! @ # $ ï
ï 3]+ lGb|sÖ 3]+ ltgLÕ
ï vL+ -d[bÍ_ of af]n

ï lt+ — 5 ' — ï tf+ -ltG5'_ of af]n

Do] — b]zgf
/fu — k"0f{rGb|
tf — rf]
:yfoL
ï ó dkÔ –uðÔ –dÔ ï k k k – ï ó gðLð wkÔ –dÔ ï k – k – ï
ï ) of]›Ô ›UoÔ ›u'Ô ï ; k"m ln+ › ï ) jL u'emLÔ ›tÔ ï c › lt{ › ï
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 29
ï ó d –dÔ k ï uðdÔ duðÔ dkÔ k ï duðÔ duðÔ –/]Ô –;fÕ ï ;f – ;f – ï
ï ) a' ›l4Õ › ï of›Ô ››Ô u'›Ô g+ ï ››Ô a9Ô ›ofÔ ›O{Ô ï z › lQm › ï

ï ó dkÔ –uðÔ –dÔ ï k k k – ï ó gðLð –wÔ –kÔ ï k – k – ï

ï ) Aj›Ô ›gfÔ ›oÔ ï g wf ;f › ï ) lGx+ ›5Ô ›u'Ô ï k+ › lQm › ï

ï ó gðLð –gðLð ;f+ ï w k k duðÔ ï ó duðÔ –/]Ô –;fÔ ï ;f – duð/];fÖ gðLðò;fuðd× ï

ï ) n' ›ofÔ › ï j O{ emL t›Ô ï ) ;'vLÕ ›HjLÕ ›u'Ô ï o' › lQm›››Õ ››››Õ ï
   Â
cGt/f
ï ó ;f/]Ô –gðLðòÔ –;fÔ ï u – d d ï ó dkÔ –uðÔ –dÔ ï w – w – ï
ï ) of›Ô ›o\Ô ››Ô ï df › emL ;+ ï ) lq/Ô ›TgÔ ›ofÔ ï e › lQm › ï

ï ó w –gðLðÔ w ï ;f+ k äk k ï ó dkÔ –uðÔ –dÔ ï k – k – ï

ï ) c ›n]Ô › ï b O{ emL t ï ) wf›Ô ›y]+Ô ›u'Ô ï d' › lQm › ï

ï ó kgðLðÔ –;f+Ô –/]+Ô ï gðLð gðLð gðLðwÕ wkÔ ï k kwÔ –dÔ –kÔ ï gðLð – ;f+ ;f+ ï
ï ) s¿Ô ›0ffÕ ››Ô ï d tL tL›Ô ››Ô ï › s';Ô + ›uÔ ›tÔ ï › › tf] tL ï

ï ó gðLð –gðLðÕ –;f+Õ ï w – k k ï duðÔ duðÔ –/]Ô –;fÕ ï ;f – ;f – ï

ï ) ; ›sÔ ›nÔ ï ; › Tj lk+ ï ››Ô vg]Ô ›dfÔ ›nÔ ï p › lQm › ï
   Â
Sjo\ Rj+u' lgu' cGt/f, Rjo\ Rj+u' cGt/f y] x] xfn]u'
ugts emLlk+ h'of RjgL e|fGtL .
cgts emLt b} dv' zflGt ..
pls+of lglt laq lk+Gt dfGtL .
z'4u' wd]{ to\ kmo\sL :d[lt ..
:jfy{ dbo\sL b'is[lt TjM tL .
b'Mvof ;[li6 t[i0ff wsf ;LsL ..
t[i0ff Ifoofgf a'4 HjLu' dgtL .
af]w h'n wfM;f jO{ :jM ;'zflGt ..
s'df/Lufn, sf7df8f}F–&
30 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
;dfnf]rgf
xn xn a'+uB pkGof;o\ lgofqfof ;jfM
pkGof; 5' vM < wOu' cWoog ofo]u'
‰jno\ c+u|]hL efiffof ;dfnf]rs O{= Pd kmf]:6{of
jt{dfgof hl6n j ;+s6u|:t ;fdflhs, wfld{s,
/fhgLlts, cfly{s y]+ hfMu' ;+:sf/kfv]+ kLl8t
dfgjhfltof 5u' k|ltlglwd"ns cleJolQm x]
pkGof; vM .
cy] x] la|6flgof ljZjsf]z sy+ ljz]if
kl/j]z j rfl/lqs k'rM ;dfj]z h"u' 5l;sy+
n" -36gf_of lnw+;fo\ cleJoQm h'Ou', dfM sy+
xfsM -nDafO{_ b"u' j dg"to\u' hl6ntf j0f{g
ofOu' ;flxToof uBljwfoft pkGof; wfO .
pkGof; 5' vM < wOu' WjfMy'Os]t Yj lgu" wfk"
s' uft .
xg]axMDx kqsf/, lgofqfsf/, 6]lnlehgof
HofM‰jM GXofsfld cGj]ifs, cg'jfbs j
;flxTosf/ cn] P:k]/fGtf] efiffo\ clts+ bvn
b'Dx efh' /fh]g dfgGw/of Rj;f+ lkHjMu' xn
xn a'+uB lh 5Dx ;fwf/0f Ajgfld -kf7s_oft
cWoog ofo]u' hLlhlj;foft k"0f{ ofo]u' ‰jno\
cfzf ;km" s'ly lgSj–:jsM cWoog ofM jgf .
t/ cWoog k"dj+ . :jsMu' v'l;O cWoog ofo]u'
cfh' Hjgf x] cfzf ;km" s'lykfv+] knfM GXofsf
RjgfDx 5fo] vM d:o" lhu' dg kmlxn . ;km"
s'lyO dv' Gofgf x] cWoog ofo]u' OR5f+ lht
Sjltn . curf dfnf+ BuMrf n't wOy]+ . ;km"of
;dfGt
efMl;a]+ al5 x] efj+ x] lhtM nft .
;n+;M bF lg;]+ 5u" ldys, nf]safv+ ?ko\
Gogf jofRj+u', sgf jof Rj+u' cn] bFo\b;+ onof
k'Rjo\ Boft /yf/f]x0f ofgfM cglg;]+ x] ofqf
ofgM nugVono\ gOSofn+ n'gfM, e'HofM ofgfM .
nugVon+ /y ;fnf Hofjnf Vono\ ef]6f] Sogf
xlndo\ tfMxfsMu' hfqf wsf Dxl;sf jof Rj+Dx
nMof B a'+uBoft gfos -lx/f]_ d" kfq ofgf
sfNklgsof lnw+;fo\ ;flxTo ;fwgfof lnRjM
sy+ pkGof; wsfM lkn' jMu' xn xn a'+uB
cWoog ofgf 5Dx kf7sof x}l;ot+ yMt tfMu' vF
yg GXoMAjo]u' b';fx; ofgf Rjgf .
xn xn a'+uB h'h' u'0fsfdb]j+ g]kfM b];o\ jf
afnL dh' wsfM a}s'07o\ DXofo\ lhnfh+ ;fIfft
gf/fo0f Bofs] g]kfM b];o\ jf lkgf jf ;o]s]u'
a/bfg ˆjgf jof duw b];+ jf k';f xof jf
lkgf km':n"u' jf hs ;Mu' t/ jf b'g] hfls d;of
xfsg a}s'07o\ jgf h'h' u'0fsfdb]j+ gf/fo0f
Boft Yj vF hfx]/ ofMu' Ono\ gf/fo0f Bj+ jfof
b'g] hfls ;o]lsDx s?0ffdo -a'+uB_ kfv]+ hs
;Dej h'Ou' j Yjof lglt+ g]kfno\ s?0ffdo
-a'+uB_ xo]dflgu' t/ s?0ffdo -a'+uB_oft g]kfM
xo]u' tTsfn ;Dej db' . u'0fsfdb]jof sfo\of
Ono\ hs ;Dej h'Ou' vF sgf xMu' h'n .
t/ h'h' g/]Gbb]jof Ono\ jof uf}8 b];of
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 31
lg;Gtfg dxfwg ;fx'+ ofMu' nf]s]Zj/ s?0ffdoof
cys ;fwgf j cf/fwgf k|;Ì h'of ljHofDx
s?0ffdoof a/bfg+ uf]a/of lnw+;fo\ gf/fo0f
Bof cjtf/of ?ko\ hGd h'Dx uf]/vgfy j
u0f]Bof ;flwsf ;'ln+ do\h'of by'O co\nf Tjg]u'
j Tj+s]u' w]+w]+ aNnfno\ a"Dx uf]/vgfyof cx+
j 3d08+ r"/ h'of Ajnf ;fn] sy+ co\nf t]k
3o\k'gf ;'/Iff ofgf Rj+lk+ cgGt, afz'sL, z]if,
kßgfy, sDan, z+vkfn w[t/fi6«, tIfs j sfln
gf+of gfuto\t ;Ddf]xgof an+ yMu' aM;o\ tof
Oldu' Dx+ Bgo\ km]t'gf Wofgo\ Rj+;f+ lg;] g]kfno\
;u{t+Mjf duft . vb]/L h'of clgsfn h'n . cn]
g]kfno\ ;u{t+Mjf ufs]t sfd'lg b];+ nf]s]Zj/
s?0ffdo -a'+uB_ xo]dfn ljHofs] dfn . -a'+uB_
ljHofs]u' ‰jno\ ;+3if{, ofqfo\ 3ft k|lt3ft
j ofqfof sl7gof ljj/0f x] xn xn a'+uB
pkGof;of syfgs vM .
;fwf/0f kf7soft ctMdtM slgu' syfgs
vM Yj . h'h' u'0fsfdb]jof Ono jfo\ hfls
dbof a'+uBoft g]kfno\ ljHofs] dfMu' t/
g/]Gb|b]jof Ono\ jof ;u{t+Mjf djof clgsfn
h'of a'+uBoft g]kfno\ xo]dfMu' afWotf .
pkGof;o\ lgu' km/s km/s ljifo j:t' j p2]Zo
k|:t't h'of Rj+u' b' . t/ 5u' p2]Zo d]u'gfk
:jfMu' db' cyjf :jfsf tMu' db' . cy] wOu'
u'0fsfdb]j+ jfof b'g] hfls ;o]s]t s?0ffdo
-a'+uB_ g]kfno\ ljHofs]u' j h'h' g/]Gb|b]jof
Ono\ ;u{t+Mjf dufgf clgsfn h"u' j ;u+{Mjf
ufs]t g]kfno\ s?0ffdo -a'+uB_ ljHofs]u' . Yj
lgu' p2]Zogfk :ki6 j kl/k'/s ?k+ :jfgf tMu'
db' . gf/fo0f Bj+ u'0fsfdb]joft 5lklgu'
sfo\of Ono\ hs s?0ffdo -a'+uB_oft g]kfM
32 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
ljHofs]u' ;Dej h'O wOu' ;Djfb jfx]s d]u' 5+'
:jfk' db' . plnhs dv' pkGof;o\ u'0fsfdb]jof
/xZofTds ?k+ cGt ofgf tMu' h'n . g/]Gb|b]j,
u'0fsfdb]jof sfo\ vM dv' wOu' g+ 5'+ GXoygf
tMu' db' . yg g+ e|d >[hgf ofgf Ao"u' b' .
u'0fsfdb]jof e"ldsfoft pkGof;of
syfgskfv]+ ;'t'Ss lrOsf 5\jo]u' wOu'
a'+uBoft sfd'lg -sfd? sfdfIf_ b];+ g]kfM
b];o\ ljHofs]u' Hofo\ 5' sy+of e"ldsf x] db"u'
u'0fsfdb]jof DXofo\oft Wj+rfgfk Olxkf ofgf
5\jMu' cgfjZos afvF pkGof;o\ b'Yofs]u'
pkGof;sf/of k:tf Ejho\ rfs' dl/ 5tf g+
tg]u' nx8 hs vM . Yj ldys afvF cfh'
clhlk;+ sgf Go+s"u' Ono\ g+ s?0ffdo -a'+uB_
g]kfM ljHofs]u' afvFgfk 5' :jfk' b"u' Gog] db' .
h'h' g/]Gb|b]j, zflGts/ u'?h', aGw'bQ,
eNof /yrqm e"ldsfl;j]+ u'0fsfdb]jof e"ldsf
uf}0f vg] b'u' h'n . d]u' vF pkGof;of x]
j0f{goft gfn]u' vM;f g]kfno\ jf d;Mu' dv'
;u{t+ jf dufgf x] clgsfn h"u' wOu' ;L b' .
Hfflsof lsun+ ltg] dvg . ahL Xjn] dvg .
od/L 5'Odvg wOu' j u'0fsfdb]j+ duw b];+
jfk';f xo]sf k'jfrf lkgf aflGx hfMano\–
…===Yffs' Tofg'ln;] ;do\alh+ lxnf xn . alh,
xfs' d':of, kfn', nfef, 5\jo\nf, e'lt t's+rf====.Ú
jf x] d;Mu' b];o\ …alhÚ ug+ jn < kf7s+ GXo;M
to]u' yfo\ vM Yj . g]kfM b];o\ jf ;M wOu' b;'
g+ vM . cy] wOu' u'0fsfdb]jof jfof b'g] hfls
;s]u' vFof 5'+ cy{ x] db' .
uf}8 b];of lg;Gtfg dxfwg ;fx'of cys
;fwgf j cf/fwgf+ nf]s]Zj/ s?0ffdo k|;Ì
h'of ;Gtfg k|flKtof a/bfg aLt hf]uLof
36gfqmdlg;]+ pkGof; GXofs"u' vM;f clts+
;fGble{s h"Ou' j pkGof; tfMxfsM h'n wOu'
cfIf]k djOu' vO .
kf7soft ctMdtM s+s]u' d]u' vF g+ b'–
s?0ffdo zflGts/ u'?h'of sfo\ cjtf/of
?ko\ hGd h"u' j l;l4 k|flKtof lglt+ lk7]Zj/L
dft[b]jLlkGt ef]u Jo"u' pNn]v b' . t/ a'4frfo{
zfSoof sy+ af}4 cfrfo{ aGw'bQ zlQm ;fwgfof
lglt+ rfMk'hf j+u' Ono\ d;Ls No"No" jDx+ ofsM
sfo\of DXolk clhdf+ ef]u ˆj+u' j aGw'bQ+ yM
sfo\oft ef]u Jo"u' wOu' vF GXoygf tMu' h'n .
Yj a+zfanLof ljBfyL{to\ g+ ctMdtM s+u' vF
h'n . yf}+ ts+ s?0ffdooft ;flTjs k'hf ljlw+
hs cf/fwgf ofOu' vM . a'+uBof /yof 3dfno\
hs ef]u ljof dfD;lk08 ;lxt k"hf aLu'
ofgf jof Rj+u' b' . t/ lk7]Zj/L dft[b]jLlkGt
s?0ffdoof cjtf/oft ef]u Jo"u' wOu' vF
;j{;fwf/0f kf7soft OtMldtM s+gLu' vF hs
dv' kr] ofo] dkmOu' vF h'n . pkGof/sf/ efh'
:jo+d g+ a'+uBof /yof 3dfno\ hs ef]u Jo'u"
lj?4 ;M Yjo]sf jof Rj+Dx cleoGtf g+ vM .
pKfGof;oft kmSj lhSj yf}+of cfw'lgs
j nf]stGq+ 5fo]lkt :jMu' b' . u'0fsfdb]j j
g/]Gbb]joft k|hfjT;n nf]stflGqs h'h' sy+
GXoAjo]u' ofgf tMu' b' . uy] ls– …====h'h' wODx
hgtfof RoM wsfM lhldu' k'vf{lg;]+ lhldt
:ogftMu' . plsof lglt+ lh+ ofsrf+ wof+ lhu'
b]oft Gofo h'Odv' . lh lnxf+ jgfM lhld
dlGqd08n j efOef/bf/ gfk 5Sj ;xnx
ofo]t cg'dlt ljof ljHof+x'+ .Ú cy] k|hftflGqs
h'h'of ?ko\ h'h' u'0fsfdb]jof zfxL ;+af]wgof
/fHo;efo\– dGqL j ef/bf/ hs dv' b]o\of
wd{u'?lk+, ;flxTosf/, snfsf/ j kqsf/ ts+
pkl:ylt Sogf tMu' h'n . cy]t'+ k|1fk|li7f j
efiff lj1 j jfk';f sfjg]u' e|d0f bno\ eNof
j lsl; dfuMof ?ko\ ;}lgsto\t ;}+Go ljz]if1,
s[lif ljz]if1, s'6gLlt1, efifljb\, Oltxf;ljb\,
;+:s[ltljb\, ;flxTsf/ j snfsf/ b'YofMu'
cfw'lgs s'6gLltoft b'Yofsf tMu' h'n . Yj
wOu' k'nf+u' Buno\ n'Fkf} l5Ou' y]+ h'n . ål5 bF
GXoMof ns; -kl/j];_of n" yf}+ sGxo\ kl/j];
gfk :jfs]u' pln ;fGble{s h"u' vg] db' .
pkGof;sf/+ xn xn a'+uB pkGof; b'g]
yMu' gLlh ljrfM j cfw'lgs ld;fjfbL lrGtg
gf/L÷k'?if ;Ddfgtfoft g+ k|z:t yfo\ ljof
tMu' b' . u"u' ljrfM j cf:yf nMvo\ lrs+
No]+k' y]+ c:jfefljs vg] b' . gf/L ;Ddfgtfof
5u' pbfx/0f …===b/jf/o\ emLu' k':tfo\ DXofo\
d:tto\;+ yy] Aj+u' wOu' x] db' . Aj+s] dv', Aj+s]
DjfM wfOu' GXofan]+ . pls;+ g+ ld;f d:to\t
Ajs]+ dt] wfOu' . cfM u'0fof Nxfto\ ;km' b' .
5u" Gx'u' o"u jMu' tfo]sfRj+g h'h'+====.Ú cy] t'+
dxfwg ;fx'oft s?0ffdo+ a/bfg jLu' ‰jno\
wof ljHofMu' h'n– …===sfo\ j DXofo\ plt+ vs+]
;o]s]df===.Ú gLlh ljrfof ?ko\ duw b];of
ofqfof ‰jno\– …====dg" DX+l;s]u' vM;f jln;]
tfkfno\ jg]u' wfO . cg Yo+sfM bSj:of+ bSjl;u'
Jojxf/ rl/q :jo]vg . dfgjLo :jefj vM, ug+
;'oft cfkt jnls ;'gf+ :jO, ;'oft ;' b' wOu'
l;s]t x] ofqfo\ jg]df . dg"t u'lnts :jfyL{
h'O wOu' cHofMano\ l;O====.Ú
cy+] t+' pkGof;sf/of /fhgLlts cfu|xoft
b'Tos]u' ofgf tMu' b' . …====hgtfln;] ;xnx
ofgfM hs lg0f{o ofo]u' kfo\l5 tfn h'h'oft .
yf}+sGx] no\kf} 33
===k|hftGqof cEof; h'of Rj+u' tfo]sn . g]kfMof
uf}/jdo Oltxf;o\ h'h' wODx hgtfof RoM hs
vM, hgtfof vF xfrf+ ufof h'h'+ 5'+ ofo]kmOdv'
wOu' glh/ Rjg ===.Ú Yj wOu' jt{dfg ;Qfwf/L
g]tfto\k|lt /fgLlts cfu|x vM .
xn xn a'+uB pkGof;o\ cgfjZos
ljj/0f j n"t k|Zf:t b' . pkGof;of k|f/lDes
AjM u'0fnIdLoft Xo]s]t VofRjM sYf+ Wj+oft
ljof 5\jo]u' wfMu' vF lg;]+ u'0fsfdb]jof zfxL
3f]if0ff tsof Aj pkGof;sf/+ Yj afvF 5k'
g+ b'Yofs]u' /x/ x] hs AjMu' vM . Rjo] g+
GXo yg] w'g . Yj cfjZostf x] db' . cy] t'+
pkGof;of syfgsgfk 5' sy+of :jfk' x] db"u'
n" g+ pkGof;o\ :j rfs]u' Hof g+ h'of Rj+u'
yfo\ yf;o\ b' . pbfx/0fof lglt+– k]h g+ !$& o\
KoDxlt a'l/a'l/ lklgu' drf ufno\ rfk'hf ofgf
Rj+u' n" vM . Yj n" pkGof;of syfgsgfk 5'
sy+of :jfk' ug :jfgf Rj+u' vg] db' . cy] v;f+
pkGof;o\ 3fgf Rj+u' b' . lj:t[t ?k+ cWoog
ofo]u' v;f yhfMu' n" oSj v+s] kmO . -:jof
lb;+ k]h g+ !$&_
d]tf 5u" vF xn xn a'+uB pkGof; z'?
lg;]+ cGt ts cWoog ofgf jg] ano\ pkGof;
;jfM l;j]+] lgofqfof ;jfM Do]o\ Rjf:; jM . vo\km'
pkGof;sf/ efh' Yj l;a]+ GXoM lgu' lgofqf ;km"
lkyg] w"+s'u' x'lg+ plsof k|efj nfMu' h'Okm' .
t/ pkGof;l;j]+ lgofqfof ;jfno\ Ajg]u' oOk'
GXoOk' tf+tf+ j+ . h'h' u'0fsfdb]j+ VofM lgO y]+
ofgf yM DXofo\oft Wj+rfoft ljof 5\jo] wfMu'
vFof lnw+;fo\ u'0fnIdL+ Dx+u;o\ a}s'07 nf]sof
e|d0fof ‰jno\ cg ofqfof ljj/0f :ki6
34 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
GXoOk's ofgf tMu' h'n . cy] u'0f nIdLoft
Wj+ ?kL gf/fo0f Bj+ Olxkf ofgf j+u'of ofqf
ljj/0f (, !) j !@ Ajo\ u'0fsfdb]of dfofjL
b/jf/of e|d0f GXoOk's GXoygf tMu' h'n . cy]
t'+ duw b];o\ jf k';f sfMj+u'of g+ ofqf ljj/0f
b' . kL5u" Ajlg;]+ a'+uB sfMjg]u' Hofo\ h'h',
u'?h', eNofof ofqfof ‰jno\ h"u' yLyL n", 3ft
k|lt3ft, lj£gafwf, ;+3if{of ljj/0f ‰j5'gf x]
jofg b' . Yj Nofv+ xn xn a'+uB pkGof; dv'
lgofqf vMnf wOu' cg"e'lt Ao" .
g]kfn efiff pkGof; ljwfof Vono\ xn
xn a'+uB lgofqfof Gx"u' ;jfMof pkGof; h'Ot
tfMnfu' b' . Yjof b'g] efiffof u7g, efiffof
;/ntf, ;xhtf, g]jfM ;dfh b'g] tflGqs k'hfof
ljlwljwfg y]+ hfMu' ljifooft ;'Id cWoog ofgf
k|:t't ofgf tMu' t;s+ Rj5fo] axMh' . ;kmn
h' . ;j{;fwf/0f Ajld -kf7s_of efiff+ wfo]u'
vM;f pkGof; t;s+ afnf+ . cy] v;f+ pkGof;o\
cgfjZos j0f{g b'u' x'lg dfSj :jof+ tfMxfsM .
;j{;fwf/0f Ajld -kf7s+_ pl;+ drfo]s Sjrfo]s
Ajg÷:jn wfo] pln ofp+ dh'Okm' .
Sjrfo]s] GXoM Yj Rjld ;fdfGo kf7sof
gftf+ yMt tfMu' hs cfu|x j k"jf{u|x 5'+
dt;]+ y'ln Rjofu' h'n . pkGof;sf/ efh'
Yj Rjldofl;a]+ cu|h j ljåt JolQmTj vM .
jo\sMkfv]+ l;Os], ;o]s] j y'Os] oSj No+ blg .
yy] ;o]s]u' ‰jno\ pkGof; 5' vM wOu' Yj
pkGof;kfv]+= y'Os]u' XjMtfM r"nft . Yj l;j]+
GXoM lgofqfaf/] g+ l;Os] vg . yhfMu' XjMtfM
xfsg+ xfsg+ ln;f sfo] vlgO wOu' en;f
sf;]+ yf}+oft y'ln x] . ;'efo\ Û
v“UjM Dxl;s]
d"n zAb pRrf/0f vo\ efo\ c+u|]hL
hf]ng j;t hf]n+ j;M Psgf;sf] n'uf an uniform, dress

ljjfxdf rflxg] k/Dk/fut

a kind of traditional sweet meat used in
hf]nk:tf hf]M k:tf nfvdwLsf] Ps k|sf/sf] marriage ceremony
/f]6L
hf]ndb' hf]M db' a]hf]8 unique

hf]nnfs hf]Mnfs, py]+Rj+s a/fa/L equal/ same to same

hf]ln hf]ln, hf]8L hf]8L a/fa/ equal

hf]lng hf]n hf]ln+hf] ;djo:s of the same age

hf]nf Gxfos+ hf]nf Gxfos+ ;f+:s[lts wft'sf] P]gf a traditinal metal mirror

hf]l; hf]l; Hof]ltif astrologer/ a Newar caste

Ho
h]n HoM n7]p/f] a stupid

h]n vF HoM vF n7]/f] ts{ stupid argument

h]n tF HoMtF nf6f] l/; a fit of wrath

h]n ofo] HoM ofo] d"v{ agfpg] to make a fool

h]n;' HoM;' d'Vof{O{ stupidity

HofMjgf HoMgf laxfgsf] lhpgf/ a morning meal, launch

a leaf like of termeric used only for tradi-
Hogf nKt] Hogf nKt] ef]h]kft tion feast of 84 varieties of food stuffs in
Newar caste

h]n ofo] HoM ofo] lhNn kfg'{, 5Ss kfg'{ to astonish, to make a fool of

h]gs] HoFs] ;dfwfg ug'{ to let to solve a problem

h]lgo' HolgO lvOg' depreciate

Hojkfj HoMkfM x|f; s§L depreciation

Hof
Hof Hof sfd work/job/duty/task

Hofsld Hofsld gf]s/÷sd{rf/L servant/worker/employee

Hofs'ly Hofs" sfof{no office, workshop

HofvF HofvF sfd s'/f, aGb Jofkf/ business, trade

Hofv'+ HofvF' sfdrf]/, 7u lazy man

yf}+sGx] no\kf} 35
 a'v“
!= g]kfn efiff Ps]8d ] Lof !* SjMu' bF d'HF of gfk
:jGx' ts ;k"m AjHof g+ h'u' b' . Ps]8d ] L
of rfG;n/ efh' lrQ/~hg g]kfnL of
;efkltTjo Gxofu' pu'Hof ‰jno ;b:o
;lrj dNn s]= ;'Gb/+ jflif{s k|ltj]bg j
bf+el/ 8f= k'ik/fh /fhsl0f{sf/ kfv]+ cfly{s
k|ltj]bg k]z ofMu' vM . bFdH' ofof ‰jno\
kfb{if lgd{ndfg t'nfw/, gf/fo0fb]jL k|wfg,
zfSo] ;'/g] , ;'/z
] ls/0f dfgGw/, Psf/fd l;+
j k"0f{ d'gMsdL lkGt b'hM sy+ NoMu' h'n .
cy] x] dfOqmf];ˆ6lj1 Png j}/f]rg t'nfw/
oft cfdGqLt kfif{b sy+ NoMu' b' .
@= g]kfn efiff v]no nf]s JxfDx afv+ Rjld
;flxTosf/ efh' /fhf zfSo of æn+u'/ a'hf{Æ
gfdof afv+ d'gf ;k"m 5u' Hof ‰jno
josMof 5olk+ 8f= hnf>L jh|frfo{, O{=
lzl/if /Tg jh|frfo{, n'hM zfSo lkG; dsf+
sy+ ljdf]rg ofMu'h'n . jfv+ oft sof
;dfnf]rs k"0f{sfhL tfd|fsf/+ yMu'ljrf
Kjs' ;] jfv+of efiff sfJofTds h'of Rj+u'
v+sgflbn .
#= lj/f6 g]kfn efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng u'lyVjk
of gL:jSjMu' tM d'+ Hof+ kfv]+ dx]Gb|uf]kfn
sdf{rfo{oft ;j{;Ddlt+ gfoM NoMu' h'n .
r'gfj+ TofsfjMlk !) Dx Hof;gf b'h'Mlk+ dWo]
Gjs'ln s[i0ffnfn uf]hf, 5of+~h]– k'iknfn
ltldnf, bfFel/O{ /fduf]kfn ru'l7, No"
5of~h] gljg k|sfz >]i7 cn] b'hMno\
;'nf]rgf ;}+h', lj/]Gb|jL/ sdf{rfo{, afa'sfhL
;'jfn, afns[i0f k|wfg, of]uL :o:oM j ljgf]b
sIfklt h"u' b' . kb]g b'hMsy+ k'nf+Dx gfoM
36 yf}+sGx] no\kf}
s[i0feQm af]8] h'of lbOu' b' . Yj :jbFof
lglt+ Gx'u' Hof;gf k'rM efh' g/]Gb| eQm
xf8f, t'Onfn >]i7 j /fd l;+vjMof lgjf{rg
sldl6 NoMu' vM .
$= g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt kqsf/ dxf;+3
-kmf]lgh_ of gLSjMu' :yfkgf lbj; xg]u'
‰jno yLyL ;+rf/ Vono Hof ofgf Rjgf
lbOlk+ kqsf/ lkGt xg]u' Hof g+ h"u' vM . Hof
‰jno, d"kfxfF hn;|f]t tyf l;rfO dGqL
jif{dfg k'g+ sfGtLk'/of u0f]z /fO{, g]=l6=le=of
zf]ef >]i7, lqo'uf /]l8of], pbok'/of sf}zn
r]Dhf]ª, cgnfOg o'gfO6]8 va/, sf:sLof
/fhaxfb'/ u'?ª lkGt xgfkf}F gfk+ gL4Mtsf
g+ nMNxfu' j'v+ b' . cy] x] kmf]lghof k'nf+lk
kbflwsf/LlkGt g+ xg]u' Hof h"u'a'v+ b' .
%= g]kfn efiff Ifqo\ nf]s+JxfDx cfw'lgs slj
k"0f{ a}B of ænM nM vMÆ ;k"m c+u|]hL efiff+
lxnf æ8«K; ckm jf6/Æ j sljtf of nfuf
;k"m g+ l;l4bf; k|lti7fg j s'tMlksfsMof
Uj;fno jfªdo ztfAbL k'?if 8f= ;Todf]xg
hf]zL ljdf]rg ofgf lbOu' vM, nM nM vM
;k"m efh'a]g] PD6lh; j s[ltz /fhe08f/L
cg'jfb ofgflbOu' vM . Hof ‰jno ;k"m
of af/] g]kfn efiff Ps]8]dLof ;b:o ;lrj
dNn s] ;'Gb/ j+ k|f= k|]dzflGt t'nfw/
;ldIff ofgf lbOu' vM .
%= Yj x] efb| # ut] zlgaf/ gM ln ;flxTo
bj"of Uj;fno VoflnlGxln Hof‰j h'n, pu'
Hof ‰jno ;flxtosf/ e"if0f k|;fb >]i7of
;efkltTjo Gxofu' ;+efo ljlgg ;flxTosf/
lk+G; Vofln Rj;' Go+s]u' Hof h"u' j'v+ b' .