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  • VODGEO Spravocnik Po Gidrotehnike PDF

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    Aleksandar Petkovic
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    1. The document discusses various types of water flows including laminar, turbulent, transient, and unsteady flows. 2. Methods for analyzing water flows include solving differential equations for transient and unsteady flows using numerical methods. 3. Parameters that characterize water flows include velocity, pressure, viscosity, and coefficients that depend on the geometry and roughness of the channel.

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    1. The document discusses various types of water flows including laminar, turbulent, transient, and unsteady flows. 2. Methods for analyzing water flows include solving differential equations for transient and unsteady flows using numerical methods. 3. Parameters that characterize water flows include velocity, pressure, viscosity, and coefficients that depend on the geometry and roughness of the channel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    242 views843 pages

    VODGEO Spravocnik Po Gidrotehnike PDF

    Uploaded by

    Aleksandar Petkovic
    1. The document discusses various types of water flows including laminar, turbulent, transient, and unsteady flows. 2. Methods for analyzing water flows include solving differential equations for transient and unsteady flows using numerical methods. 3. Parameters that characterize water flows include velocity, pressure, viscosity, and coefficients that depend on the geometry and roughness of the channel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    xeuun) 167 5-1. OcHosHue noHfirltfl 260
    2. Kpyuenlre (yro;r saIipytII'IBaHHfi,HanpffxeHIlfl, 5-2. HcxoAsue pacqerHbre AaHHbIe 260
    Bbrpax(elrirbreB 3aBIIcI{Mocrltor ae(lppMaIrHH l. Heo6xoAHN{bIe AaHHbIe A.r-Ifi pacT{era ocaAoK 260
    Lt Kpyrfl[Iero MoMeHTa,AonycKaeMble Kpyrq- 2. Vqer cHffToro 6ntroeoro AaB.rIeHHr 260
    ilrue NtoMeHrbrII Hanpflx(eHnx) 167 3. Vqer )KecrKocrn $yu4aueu'ra 261
    3-8. C,roxuoe conDorIIBJIeHHe 168 4. K.nacclrQuxaunn pacr{erHblx cryqaeB 26r
    1. Kocoft HsrLI6 170 a) Oruopa3luepHas 3aAar{a 261
    l2.
    J. Vsru6
    yl.5L nV \c
    - pacrrr)KeHueM
    Xnsn(rsrYr rH
    l !cxarl{eNt
    aq I t70 6) fl.nocxax AByxMepHafl 3aAaqa 261
    P(lLl
    3. Vsru6 c KpyqeHHeM 172 5-3. OcHosxrre MeroAbI onpe,[e.JleHrHfl Hanpflxesltfi
    Jluteparypa L72 B fpyHrax 261
    OTJIABJIEHHE
    VI
    crp. crp.
    l. PacnpeAeJreHneHanpax<euufi B cryqae Wo- 6-8. CTAnb H qyryH
    crpaHcrBeguofi 3ar,aqx 262 .[JIfl f HNPOTEXHH IIECKOI-O CTPOI,{TEJIF,CTBA
    a) .(eftcrnr,re cocpeAoroqesuofi cur'rbil 262 vI vtSxBnufl H3 HVIX
    6) fleficrBHe BeprHra.ntHoft, flpou3BonbHopac-
    npeAeJreHHofiuarpy3Ku . 262 6- 4. Cralr AJrfl KoHcrpyxqufi 278
    2. PacnpeAeJleHueuanprxeunfi B cJyqae rrJro- 6- 5. Copraueuru QacoiHofi cra.nu 280
    cxor:i 3aAar{H 265 l . Vroaxn panHo6oxue 280
    a) .{eficrnue cocpeAoror{eHHofi cuJrbr 265 2. Vro.irxl.r uepanuo6oxHe 283
    6) {eficrnue paBHoMepHo pacnpererresuoir 3. Ealrur AByraBpoBbre 285
    Hafpy3KH 265 4. IIIee.n.rrep 287
    n) .[eficrnrae HepaBHoMepHofiHarpy3Kr{, MeHff- 5. Copraueur ropqqeKaraHHoft no.noconofi cra.rrrl 289
    rourerics no 3aKoHy rpeyfoJrbHHKa 265 6. UopraMeHT craJrr.t npoxarHofi ufipoKonoJroc-
    ^ r) AeficrBue narp]3KH npou3BoabHoroBr{Aa 267 uofi ynnnepcanrnoft 289
    3. Onpe4eJreHue axrlreHor?ioiru 267 7. Cra.nt [poKaTHaq rncroBarr (rouxo.rtlcroBafl,
    5-4. MeroAu orrpeAeaeHrrflnolsofi ocaAKH 267 a g, BoJIHHCTa
    ToJIcToJIrr.IcroB f , puQ;reHan ) 289
    1. HenocpeAcrBeHHoe[pr]MeHeHHeJrHHefisorlsa- 8. Craar KBaAparHaq 290
    AAqII 267 9. Crale AJrrr xeneso6eroHa 2e0
    2. Merol cyMMupoBanrrn4eQopr,,laqufi 268 1 0 . flponoaora craJrbHafl 290
    a) Onpe4e.neune AeQopMarluu aJreveHra rro l l . Copravreur apMarypbr nepuoAuqecKofo rpo-
    Qoprvry;le .nunefiuofi 3ataqil 268 $u.nn 290
    6) OnpeAe.nenue Ae$opMaqr{H arreMeHrac yqe- t 2 . Cxo6n crpoureJrbrrbre 291
    ToM BCeX TpeX KOMnOHOHTOB HopI\{aJIbHbIX 6- 6. Cra.nr 4lx unyuToBbrx cear; 291
    uanpaxeuufi ( ot, oy , 6, ) 268 6- 7. tlyrynnoe JrHTbe 292
    s) Cnoco6 BHOC 268
    3. Merol yrJroBbrx roqeK 269 6- B. .:IECHbIEMATEPHA,'IbI
    4. Merol oKBHBaJreHTHoro cJrofi rpynra 269
    5. Pacqer ocaAoK B c.:ryqaeHeoAuopoAHbrxrpyH- 6- 8. Epenna 292
    TOB 270 6- 9. fh.raorvrarepnaJrbr 293
    a) CpeAnee sHarreHr{exoaQSuqneHTa ynJrorHe-
    6_ I-. KA.TIEHHbIE MATE PHAJItil
    HII'I 270
    6) CpeAnee sHaseuue xoesQuquenra nopu- 6-10. EcrecrseHHbre KaMeHHbreMarepuaJrbr 2gb
    CTOCTH 270 6-ll. Kupnnu raAporexHr.rqecxufi 2gG
    e) CpeAuee 3HarreHaexoesQnquenra Qunm-
    parl?rH 270 6-,[. Bfl)KYIIIhE,IITflTH.IIPOTEXHHT{ECKI4X
    6. O6urne 3aMeqaHus 271 r PACTBOPOBt EETOHOB
    5-5. O_npe4e.rreHr.re ocaAoK Bo BpeMeHr.i 271
    l. O6urae 3aMeqaHuq 271 6-i2. flopraan4rleMeHrbr 296
    2. Oanopa3MepHaff sa4aqa 271 9-13. 4euenrrr rJrHHo3eMr{crbre(a;rrovuuarribre) 299
    a) VnnorueHue croq rpyHTa c ABy\rrr BoAo- q-14. T.Ieuenrtr pacrrupflrorquect 299
    npoHHriaeMbrMHrroBepxHocTHMH 27i 6-15. OcHosHue xapaKrepr{crnKu saxHefiruHx ue-
    6) Vnnorsesue crioff rpyHTa c oAuofi BoAo- MCT{TOB 301
    npouuqaeuori noBepxHocrbro 271 6-16. Tourouo.norbreAo6asru 301
    n) Vnpouresurrfi MeroA paccera nporeKaHlrff 6-17. Hseecru 302
    ocaAKr{ BO BpeMeIrHIIpfi pa3Jrr.rqHbrx
    riHTeH- l. BogayurHaflu3Becrb 302
    CHBHOCTffX HapaCTaHHffHarpy3rc{ 272 2. fu4paeJrrrqecKarr
    r43Becrb 302
    3. flpn6nnxenntrfi cuoco6 oflpereleHnq ocaAoK
    Bo BpeMeHH AJrfl cflyqarr n.nocroft 3ag2ty14 273 6_8. 3ANONHHTEJIH
    4. Mero.q gKBr{Ba.rrenTuorocJros AJrfl npocrpaH- il:If TVNPOTEXHHI{ECKO|OEETOHA
    crneHnofi 3aAaqn 274 H PACTBOPOB
    .Ilureparypa 275
    6-18. llecox ri MeJrKHe 3a[oJrHr{TeJrH 303
    L OcHosHbre rpe6onauur K necKy Atrfl ruApo-
    TexHHqecKHx6eronoe fi pacrBopoB 303
    f.naea urecraff 2. Tpe6oeaHns K [eCKy AJrr [oABoAHoro 6eroHll-
    p_oBaHHflMeTO,{OMBOCxoAflrqefo pacrBopa 304
    Marepna.nbr, nprrMeHseMbre 6-19. Kpynnnfi 3ano.-rHr{reJrbAJrff 6erona 304
    B THApOTeXHHT{eCKOM CTpOHTeJTbCTBe l. fpannfi npupo.qHnrfi n Ue6enn 304
    z. urpeAerreHr{e rrop03ocroiixocra (Mps) Kpyn-
    Kand. rexH. HayK Poucdecreeucrcuil H. A.
    HOIO 3ANOJIHHTCJIg 305
    6-20. fpanufiHo-necqanbre npupoAnbre cMecr{ A.Trff
    6 _ 4 . O 6 I . [ H EC B E N E H H f 6erosa 306
    6-21. Boaa AJrrr npHroroBJrerrus H noJTHBKH6eroua
    6- 1. OcHoenrre Qrnelrxo-r\{exanurrecKue ceoficrna U yCTaHoBJIeHHeaFpeCcHBHoCTH Boj:tbr- CpeAbr IIo
    MaTepHaJroB 276 orHorueHr.rrc K r[AporexHnqecKoMy 6erony
    6- 2. Onpe,qe.neHue yAenbHoro Beca (naorHocrrr) 306
    l. BoAa, npr4MegrreMarr riln flpuroroBJreHnfl H
    xnAr<ocreft 277 IIoJIHBKH6erona
    6- 3. Opr.reHruposo.rnbrfi o6teunuft
    306
    Bec rnaBHefi- 2. VcrasoBiieHue arpeccuBHocrn BoAbr- cpenH
    ruxx crpoilTeJrbHbrx Marepr{aJroB 2TT uo orHorrreHr{roK rHAporexHHqecKoMy6erony 306
    OTJIABJIEHHE
    VII
    ctp- crp.
    6 _ } I T . P A C T B O P H T I 4 , I I P O T E X H h T IE C K 1 4 E 3. ftlqpocraTltqecKoe LrfHapoAHHaMHrrecKoe AaB-
    6-22. Pacrnoput AJIn IoIaAKII
    /- 309 JICHHEBOAbI 325
    6-23. Pactnopul AJIfl qeMellraquu rpeurHHoBarblx
    4. Bo"rrHoeoeAaBJreHrreBoAbr 321>
    cKaJrbHblx u rpaBeJlucrblx rpyHToB, 6erouuutx H
    5. .[,an"ireHueQn;rlrpaqnoHHofo noroKa 326
    KAMCHHHX KJIAAOK 310 6. fianaegge JrbAa 328
    6-24. Pactnopu Anfl rnI{HI't3auI{}I ocHosau't{il 3ll 7. flanaeuue HaHocoB 329
    8. [ae.rrerrre Berpa H cHera 329
    6-3. EETOHfl4APOTeXnU'-:ECXUft 9. Celicvrnriecr(HeHarpy3Krr 330
    10. Hopuu noABHlKHbrxBeprHKairbHbrxHarpy3oK
    6-25. Onpegeneuue, xlaccuQuKalluq H ocHoBHbIe Anr pacqera npoesxefi qacru rr,rAporexHuqe-
    xapaKTepHcrHKH rnAporexHl'IqecKoro 6erosa 3l I cl(rrx coopyxeunii noA asrovo6uJrbHyro Ao-
    l. Onpe4eJIeHI{e u pa3HoBHAHocrH ruAporexHu- pory 331
    .rec6oro 6etosa 3l I 7-3. Pacqeru ycrofiuueocrH rHAporexHHqecKHx co-
    2. OcHosHbIe xapaKTepucruKl{ rHAporexHnrrecKoro 333
    6erosa 3l I l. O6urue yKa3aHHq 333
    3. Vcroeuble o6ogHaqeHuq pa3HoBHAsocretl frl[- 2. KoaQQHqHeHrbr 3arraca ycrofiuueocru 334
    porexHuqecKoro 6erona 313 7-4. ,Il,onycraeMlre AaBJreHHflHa rpvHrbr 334
    6-26. HasHaqeHfle cocraBa ruAporexHuqecKoro 6e- l. Cxa.nsnbreH noJrycKaJrbHbre
    rpvHTbr 334
    roHa 313 2. HecxaabHbre rpyHrbl 335
    l. Bu6op cocraBJlsloulfix AIrs rl4AporexHltqecKo- 7-5. ,{onycxaeMbre cKopocrr{ TeqeHHfl BoAbr 336
    ro 6eiona 313 L O6uHe yKa3aHHfl 336
    2. @oprraynrr AIrfl npu6.nuxeHHoro onpeAeJleHufl 2. .[,onycraeMbre cKopocrH TerreHrrfl
    IICHIIfl BOAbI B TI{A-

    B/q ; npouuocrr'I 6etona 315 porexnurrecKnx coopyxeunflx 6ee HcKyccrBeH-


    3. HaenaceHue cocrasa 6etoHa npu MaJIbIx ero Hbrx Kpenaesufi ; 336
    3. Aonycxaelrbre cKopocrr{ TerreHrrfl BoAbr B rHA-
    poTexHHqecKHx coopyx(eHrrsx c HcKyccTBeH-
    HbrMrrKperrneHnfiMu 338
    7-6. Tpancnoprupyrouafi cuoco6uocrb tr He3aaJrflro-
    ur{e cKopocrn TerreHuff BoAril B KaHaJrax 340
    7-T.OpueHrupoBorrHbre sHaqeHurr xorSQr.rqHeHroB
    6-27. ,II,o6asKH B 6etouu a pacrBopbl !;rfl rIoBbI- TperrHfi 34r
    trreurrfi Hx [oABHx(HocrI{, MopoSocrofixocru H AoJI- 7-8. Crpourenbnbre xapaKrepucrxKu ropHbrx nopoA 34i>.
    foBeqHocrrl 317 Jlureparvpa 34Ii
    l. fllacru$nquponanHble uelleHTbl rr nlacrnQlt-
    ['HpyloulHe AoSanrcn I{oHqeHTpaToB cyJlb- fnaea BocbMafi
    g,raiiro-cnupronofi 6apau 317
    2. Buncol 318
    tu*". yKa3aH'fl no npoeKrHpoBaHu*) AepeBqHHhIx
    xoHcrpyrqnfi ruAporexHr{qecKHx coopyxreuufi i
    , 6_H. EHTYMHbIE
    MATEPHANbI
    H I.HJIPOH3CJIflUHOHHbIE Kaud. rexH. HaAK Jlarotwerurcoe A. M.
    6-28. Buryuu n treKH 3r8
    6-29. Pyaounue Marepl{anblAJII rHApoI{3oJIrqHu 3i9 8-1. O6urze AaHHbre : 346
    l. fn4pousoJlffIlrlounble pyJIoIIHbIe MarepHaJIbI 319 8-2. Marepnannr 346
    2. I(ponelbnble pynoHuble MarepHaJIbI, npHMeHq- 8-3. .Il,onycxaeusre Hanpsx<eHnff 347
    eMble Ailfl rHApoESonflllritd 319 8-4. Pacqer H KoHcrpyupoBaHue eJeMeHroB H co-
    6-30. fti4pouaoJlflIlnouHble MacrI'IKH 320 npnxenufi 348
    l. Ileurpa"rrbHo pacrffnyrbre 3JeMeHTbI 348
    6_K. NPOqHE MATEPI4AJIbI 2. Pacrsx<eHr.reH usrw6 349
    320 3. lleurpa.qbHo c)Karble IIeJIbHbIegJIeMeHrbI 349
    6-31. Xeopoctanble I{ $amuunue Marepuarlbl
    320 4. Cxaro I{gorHrvrble tre"tbHble 3.'IeMeHTbI 349
    6-32. Meraa.rruqecKl{e cerKl{ Atts' ta6vtolloB 349
    6-33. Cn.nuxar-uu6a H pacrBopuMoe cTeKrIo 321 5. Bpy6xn
    32r nporu6u
    6.,fionycraeMble 349
    6-34. Xnopncrnrfi Kanb[Hfi 349
    6-35. I{epesur 321 Jlureparypa
    Jl,unepaly'pa 322
    fnaea .reBRTas
    fnaea ceAbMafl
    O6urne yKa3aHHc no [poeKTHpoBaHHK] craJlbHblx
    O6utne HopM[t npoerTrlpoBaHl{t tnAporexHnr{ecKux
    roHcrpyxqrfi rHAporexHHqecKHx coopyxeHufi
    coopyxeHHH
    B' !,-p rexu. HaArc BePesuucrcuil A. P.
    Kand. rexH. HaUK Otteutxeau'a JI'
    9-1. Marepuaan 350
    7._1. I(.naccuSnKaqus ruAporexHuqecKux coopyxeuufi g-2..[,onybxaerraueHanprx(eHutt 350
    NO KAINTAJIbHOCTI,I
    323
    324 9-3. Pacqer coeAHHeHHfi g.rerreHroe 353
    7-2.,[,eficrnyuqne cHJIH H Harpy3Klr 353
    l. Pac'rergbte rpytrnu AeficrByloulux Ha rl4Apo-
    l. Cnapnne coeAHHeHI{r
    324 u 6ortoeHe coe,a.fiHellrHr
    2. 3ax.rrenoql{'ble 354
    TexHHtIecKHecoopyxeHHq cHr I{ Hafpy3oK 355
    325 9-4. Pacqer 3JIeMeHroB craJlbHblxxoncrpyxuufi
    2. Cobcrseusnft Bec cooPyx(ennn
    OTJIABJIEHHE
    VIII

    crp.
    l. L[enrpaJrbHoe pacrflxeHtre A cxarHe ctp-
    3Ss
    2. EuerlenrpeHHoepacrflxenHe H c)Karne ./ . 355 I2 . p.ptyreqHufi cnoco6 Zzz
    l l o n . n a s x o s H f i c n o c o 6. . . . ...
    3. HsrH6 356 JZJ
    3. O6tervrHuficnoco6 . .
    4. .fl,onycxaeMafl r-n6rocru BST BZJ
    373
    :' 'r13
    frasa necflTan c HJrH,rpo.*..o pycn;
    rfi JTB
    O6ulre yKa3aH[q no npoeKTupoBaHr{n 6eroHHux MHero BpeMeHH
    'u xerego6eToHHbrx roHcrpyrqufi rnAporexHnqecKHx AT3
    )eAHeuecflrrHbrepacxoAbl.
    coopyxenufi . 374
    )eAHeMecflqHHe pacxoAbr gT4
    Kan|udaror, re)ct. nagK Onewrceoura JI. B. (nn. I u 2) 374
    u Posauoe H. II. (nn. I u B) .. '"uno.o,
    l0-1. O6urse AarrHbre "r"*.n"oo #i
    :]58 r AoHHbrx HaHocoB gT4
    '10-2. Eeronuue KoHcrpyKqur.r 359 pacrBopeuubrx HaHocoB g7S
    l. O6uHe yKa3aHarr 359 toKyMeHrH JTs
    . 2. [eurpalrHoe cxarrde 360 . 375
    3. HsrH6 1160
    4. BneqenrpenHoe cxarrae 360
    a. yKa3aHHff no
    ? a t
    f",-r3B3 TpHHaArlarafl
    KoHcrpyHpoBaHHrO 36r
    10-3. Xe.rreso6eronHbre xoncipyxrlraH 361 l'nApoaornqecKue pacqerhl
    l. O6urae yKasanHff 361
    2. (enrpaJrbuoe cxarne Hayau. corp. Eorueoe H. M.
    362
    3. IlenrpaJlbrroe pacrflx(eHue 363 lq- !. o6urue yI{a3aHHn
    -6araHc- ' 376
    4. Hsru6 363 13- 2. Bo4uufi .
    l3- 3. _OcaaxnH HcrapeHHe 376
    5. Bneu.enrpeHfioe cx(a,nne 364 376
    6. B_HeqenTpeuHoe pacrflx(eHHe 365 l. Ocaqxa
    376
    7. ManoaprrrupoBaHHbreKoHcrpyKr{r{H 365 2. Hcuapenne
    379
    U. YKasaHHfl rro KoHcrpyHpoBaHHio 365 13- 4. C rox
    381
    Ilureparypa 366 .1. 9peanuri usoro.aersnftcroK 381
    ?. Kp"uote o6ecueqeuHocru. 38l
    3. Kone6aHi{rrroJoBofo croKa 385
    lh q pyvtparoAoBoepacnpeAerreEgecroKa 385
    FasAeflnropofi l.J- O. lvlaKCHIvIaJIbHbIe paCXOAbI 387
    l..OcHoeHbrertorox{eHrrq
    HCCJIEAO BAH Hfl , I,I3bICKAHHfl, 387
    2. Brrqrtc"'reHr'e rIaK.HMaJrbttbilxrroJroBoAHbrxpac-
    f HA P O J IO T H qE C K I,IE P AC IIET b l XoAoe
    389 ,,
    3. BH,IIrcreHae IraKcHMaJrbHbIxAo)r(AeBb{xpac_ l
    XOAOB I
    fnaea oAr.rHgan(araff 3gg
    13- Z.lG*o*n""r.'pu.*oa, : : : : - : : . 400
    fn4porexnuqecKne HshrcKaHHq H HccJIeAoBaHue
    13- 8. 3rausufi pexrir\{ 400
    (o6qlre 4aHHne) lq-g. Crox HaHocoB 400
    l3-10. OcHoeHHeorqeri{bre AoiiyMenThr
    405
    n,-p rexu. HaUKBttusunrc E. B.
    flp:lp"rnra rH-rporrorasecKori
    I IlporparlMa
    ;4.
    xiparr.po"rn*"
    - 405
    rrr-ipo.rrofHqecKoroouepxa 4C5
    I l-1. KnaccaSuKauufl
    rrdAporexHuqecKtx
    ustrcraHuri J. ucuoBHure rpaeuqecKHe flpuJrox{euuq K 3anuc_
    369 KAM
    405
    369 . I l u r e p a r y p .a: : . : : ' 405
    369
    370
    370 fnaea qerbrpnaAuarafl
    370 HuxeHepno_reoJrotEqecKrle RBElcKaHu,
    371
    371 I],-p eeotto?o-lduHepanoeutt.Hagrc Ceueuoa M. II.,
    371 rcand. rexH. HagK Eoieeep e. M.
    371 I4_4. OBUIHE CBE,4EHHfl

    f"{aea ABeHaArlarafl

    I'r.r4po.norHqecKHe
    (ru4ponrerpn,recrue) paSoru
    Hagau. corp. Eorffioa H. M. KOpbr 4oo
    2. Cxerr,ra .leJreHnfl ropHbrx[opoA'no .u".rnu"-
    12-l 96tt{". AaHHbre 372 CKHM NPII3HAKAM
    l?- _2.Ha6.nrclenns Hal ypoBHrMH . -409
    372 3. Ocsonuue rHrrbr TeKToHllqecKHx ngHx(egnfi
    l2-3. Onpe4e.neuue pacxoAoB BoAbr
    372 seMHofi Kopbr . 410
    OrJIABJIEH HE
    IX
    crp. crp.
    4. Buau uapyureunfi B 3aJreraHHHropHbrx tlo- I5-14. OpHeurupoeoqHHfinepeqeHb ocHoBHbrxrpyH_
    potr (lucnoxauuu) t 410 ToBbrx xapaKTepHcTHK, oflpeAeJrreMbrx onuriuu
    5. Opr-renrfipoBoqHaflcxeMa pa3AeJreHHrrropHbrx t npH npoeKrHpoBaHHHraApocoopyxeuali
    nopoA rro HH)KeHepHo-reoJrorHqecKr{M - l]_t 442
    npH- Jlureparypa 442
    3HAKAM 410
    6. K.nacclr0Hraqnn [oA3eMrrbrx BoA 4lt P a 3 . q e . nr p e r u f i
    7. Qnzut<o-reoJtofnrrecKueqBreHHff 4t2
    T H A P O T E X H H T tE c K H E C O O P y X E H H g
    I,I_F. COCTAB H METO,IIbI14H}I{EHEPHO.TEOJIO|HT{ECKHX
    H g u c re n z ft f.nana uecrHarrrararr
    14- 3. floArorosureJrbHbrepa6oru 413
    14- 4. HHxenepno-reoJronuqecKas c.beMKa 413 Bo4oxpanHJrHqa
    14- 5. PaseeAoqHnrepa6oru 413 Hruc. WuunenouuTH. fl.
    14- 6. feoQusuuecKuepa6oru 415
    14- 7. fu4poreonorfiqecKuepa6oru l6-1. Tunu BoAoxpaHr{Jrarr{ H Hx ocHoBHbrexapaKre-
    416 pHcrHKr{
    l. Hayveunepe)r(HMa noA3eMHbrx BoA 416 445
    2. Onurnne orKaqKr.r 416 !. lrno BoAoxpaHnrruru 445
    3. Onuisbre HarHerannfl.
    2. HasHaqeHr.re BoAoxpanunHut
    - 445
    423
    4. Ha"rrusbrBoAbro ruypQu 3. Kpuerre fiJroula,qefi u o6reMoe BoAoxpaHH_
    424
    5. Onpe4eJrenlrecKopocrn ABHx(eHHflnoA3eMnhrx nuru 44s
    BoA B ropax u rpeqr.ruax ropHbrx ropo4 4. XapaxrepHbre ypoBHH H elrKocrr{ BoAoxpaHr{_
    424
    14- 8. florestre ucnbrranufl Qr.rsr.mo-rvrexaHu,recxnx Jruura 447
    cBor'rcrBrpyHroB 16-?. fralpororuqecxufi pe)KHM BoAoxpaHrrrrr.nu 447
    425
    l. flpo6uue HarpysKnrrrraMrroM l. florepu BoAbr H3 BoAoxpaHarrnula 447
    425 ypoBHH
    2. Hcnurauurr Ha colporlrBJreHurr z. BOAU B BepxHeM 6ueSe BoAoxpaHH_
    rpyrrroB cABH-
    ry JrHrrIa 449
    426
    14- 9. .Ila6oparopHbrer{ccrreAoBaHr{ff 3. 3au"aen4e BoAoxpaHi.rJrnur 450
    426
    t4-10. flqucnn v :pa3BeAr{a 4. Meprusr'fi o6reu uoaoipu"Hrrprua 450
    crpoHreJrbHbrxM?rapn-
    arroB 5. PasrrbrB pycJra B suxuervr 6ne$e BoAoxpaHH_
    428
    .jrrrua 4bo
    I 4 - 8 . O C H O B H b I EO T I { E T H b I E , U . O K Y M E H T b I 6. TeprtEuecxxfi H reAosarfi pexr.rM BoAoxpaHH_
    rIHIq 451
    l4-ll. O6urne 3aMerraHufl 429 7. Co;ienoli pexau BoAbr B BoAoxpaur.rJrurrle
    l4-12. Orqersbre AoKyMenrbr K rexHHKo-3KoHoMHqe- 452
    l6-q. Oprauusaqua BoAoxpagurrHrrt 452
    cKoMy AoKnaAy (TOA) 4?0 1. 3aron.uesus u ux [ocJreAcrBus 482
    l. O6qas qacrb 430 2. tr4c?re4oBaHr.rfi
    H npoeKrHue pa6orbr no opra-
    2. CnequaJrbHaflqacrb 430 Hri3auuu BoAoxpaHnnurrl 4EZ
    l4-13. Or.rerHneAoKyMeHrE{r{ npoeKrHoruy3aAaHrrro 430
    3. fiolroroBHreJrbHbre MeponpLirrtfl r.{E BBoAa
    14-14. OrqerHne AoKyMeurbr K rexHur{ecxoMy fipo-
    eKTy 431 _ Bo-loxpaH,HJirurrlaB sKcirnyararllrrc 451
    l6-4. Bo.loxossficreenHHe pacueiu (saaaqa H r.ic-
    /Inreparypa 431 xo:T.Hbre ,4aHHure) 454
    l. 3alaqlr eoAoxossr?crBegHbrxpacr{eroB 454
    fnaea rrflTHaAuaran 2. Bruu peryJrupoBaHHs, croKa 454
    3. Tpe6oe atr4r. BoAorroJrbsoearefiefi 456
    QHsHro-iuexaHHrrecKHecsoficrna rpyHToB 4. Pac,{erHas o6ecneqesHocrb 4b6
    5. Hcxo::,nble rHApo,,IorHrIecKHe
    AaHHbre 457
    KaududarbL rexH. HaUrcHuo.uuna B. C. (nn. I-12) 6. Bnr6op pacrrerHoro ruApo.:roruqecxofo psla
    u Mueuu C. H. (nn. 8, 13, 14)
    riJrr xapaKTepHbrx Jrer 457
    .q- I. _lpanynouerpuuecxuficocraB rp)'HroB 432 16-5. tr{ero-lrr eoloxosqficrBeHHbrx pacqeroB 4S8
    --15- 2. Vle.nrsufi Bec 433 l. OcHoerrtre floJro)KeHl{fi eonoxossfrcrBeHHbrx
    15- 3. O6reunufi eec u ropr{crocrb 433 pacqeroB 488
    l5- 4. Creueul nJrorgocrn 434 2. Mero.qlr eoAoxossrlcrBeHHbr-\pacqeroB 4S8
    15- 5. Bnax<socrs 435 3. lery.,rrapoBaHrrecroKa Ha irocroflrrH)'ro orAarry 4Sg
    l5- 6. fpaHr.ruu nJracruriHocru H KoHctrcreHruafl 4. PerynnpotsaHr{ecroKa Ha nepeMeHulrlsoraauy 465
    rpyirroB 4Bs 5. Pery.rupoBaHr4e noJroBoAnl'rH naBorKoB 467
    I. fpaHuqa reKyqecrfi 4Bs 16-6 Bo.r,oanepreruqecKrrepacqerbr 468
    2. fpaHraqa pacKarbrBagrrs 4Bs i. OcHoeHbre3aBr.rclrrrocruH noflolKeHuq 469
    3. Llsc"rronJracrr{rrHocrn 4Bs 2. Pexrnr pa6oru BoAoxpaglr.-rr.t[Ia 469
    3. C1-rounoe peryJrupoBaHr,re 4Zl
    /lnrepar,vpa 4TB

    faaea ceMuaAqaraff
    O6rqae AaHHhreAnc npoeKTnpoBaHr{errJrorHH
    Kand. TexH. HaAK Otteuuceeuv, "J'1. B.
    l7-1. I(,raccr$rrKar{Hff nJroruFr 471
    17-2. HHxeHepno-reoJrofuqecKaff xaaccuQuKaqHrno-
    srHK Ml nepeqHbrx crBopoB perrubrx Ao,'rHrr 171
    OTJIABJTEHHE
    X

    crp. ctp.
    l7-3. O6urne rpe6oeaHun K ocHoBaHHflMnJtorHH H rpauueefi npn 6ecxoseqnofi MourHocru npoHr.r_
    nu6op rr.rna nJrorr{Hbr 474
    l. fpeOouaHr.rqK cKarrbHblMocrroBaHrrflM 474
    2. Tpe6oear{Hq K HecKaJrbHbrM ocHoBaHHrrM 474
    3. Coo6pa>r(eHuflno uu6opy rprna nrrornHbr 474
    l7-!. Pac,rer so4oc6pocuux oinepcrufi nrroruH 474
    l. Pac,rerHas BeponTHocrb [aBoAKoB H orrpeAe-
    477
    ocHoBaHHfl 491
    477 2. (D.nror6er c BoAonpoHHuaeMbrMH unvHraMH
    npH orpanuueHuori MouIHocrH npouuqaenaoro
    477 ocHoBaHLrH 499
    477 a) O.nrcr6er co uirryHToM, AoBeAeHHbrr{Ao
    6) C-rau4apr'H3arlHflpa3MepoB orrnepcrufi 478 BoAoynopa 499
    e) Vqer po.q,a rpyHra ocHosaHuC (nu6op 6) @nror6er c BoAonpoHHrIaeMbrMtrrrryHTorry{,
    yAeJrbHoro pacxoaa) H yc.nonufi ratueHus He ,u.oBeAeHHbrM Ao BoAoynopa 498
    sHeprHH B HHlr(HeM6reQe (pacuernafl cxe- 3. Q.rrror6er c ApeHaxeM npu oipariuqeusofi Morq-
    Ma 3KcfiJryaraqlrn) 478 Hocra npoHurlaeMofo ocuoBaHr.rs 500
    r) Vuer nponycKa HaHocoB 480 a) O6que cBeAenr{ff 500
    A) Vqer neAoBbrx yc.roeuft 480 6) @.nlor6er c ropa3oHranrnofi apeHorl 501
    e) Vqer yc.nonufi cyloxoAcrBa 480 a) @.rror6er c otur.rlr pffAoM coBepueHHbrx
    l7-5. flpenuureuue rpe6nn rnyxorl nJrorr{HbrHaA ro- KoJro.(qeB b02
    pH3oHroM BoAbr Bepxrrero 6re$a 480 r) Onm6er c ApeHaxeM B BHAe prAa Heco-
    I7-6. Hopruu ra6apuroe npn6.nr.rxerrurrKoHcrpyrrlurl Bepr[errHbrx KoJroArreB S04
    AJIff MocroB Ha asroMo6r.rJrbnbrxAoporax 481 18- 5. fpaQuuecxrarl MeroA pacqera Qn.tnrpaqr.ru B
    1. O6aacrn npHMeHeHHs 481 ocHoBaHnrt ruAporexnHqecKr.txcoopyxeuufi 505
    2. ta6apurbr rr npaBuJra flprrMeHeHufl 481 l. flocrpoeHile cerKr4 bOS
    JlU'reparypa 482 2. Buquc.nenae gJreMeHroB [oroKa no raApo-
    AuuaMficecxoft cerKe 506
    fraea BoceMHaArlarafl 3.- Cnyuafi aur{3orponHbrx rpyHroB B ocHoBaHHu 506
    -onpe4eneuun
    l8- 6- llpn6,ra>xenstrfi MeroA Su.nt-
    <DurrrpaquoHHbile pacrrerbl
    _rpaqlrorruoro AaBJreHr{flHa Q"rrror6er 506
    Kaududarot rqcH. HaArc Hedpuea B. n. fun. I-12), 18- 7. Pac.rer 6esHanopuofi Qr.l.rrrrparlun B o6xoa
    Hcrouuna B. C. (nn. II, 15), rcand. eeortoeo-tiluHepaJtoeuLt. ruAporexHr4qecKnx coopyxeHufi na yqacrKe corrpfi-
    nagrc Buudeuaru H. H. (nn. 12, 13, I4), xeuufi Ex c 6eperalru npn ycJroBHH Hailwqr4r ro-
    uHcrc.Ponaioa A. B. (nn. I-10) plr3onTaJrbHoro rroAcruJraroilIero BoAoynopa S0T
    l. O6rque yKaBaHHs S0T
    18- 1. O6uue cBeAeHHrro QualrparruoHHbrx pacqe- 2. OluHo.rHafi rrrnopa S0T
    TAX 483 3. fl.nocrnfi ycrofi 508
    l. Ocuosubre qeJru ri Ha3narreHuffQuntrpaquon- 4. Vcroft c oAnofi npor{3Boar,HopacnoJrox(enHori
    Hbrx pacrleToB 483 runopofi blO
    2. Ocnoenble floJro)KeHuff Teopfirl Sra;rrrparlurl 483 18- 8. Pacqer Hanopnoft $u.nrrpaqnr4 B o6xoA ruA-
    l8- 2. VxasaHr.rq o nu6ope u Ha3HaqeHr{r{ilporuBo- porexHnqecKnx coopyxeHrafi 5l I
    Qr.rrrrp arlnoHHbrx ycrpoficre 484 18- 9. O6xo4nax $unsrpaqafl, B ycJroBalx orcyrcr-
    l. llouypu 484 Bus 6eperonoro rpyuroBoro noroKa 5l I
    2. IIInyHroBbre creHKr.r, 3aBecbr n sy6bfl. 484 l8-10. Pacqer o6xoAsoft Su.rrtrpaqr.ru npa conpn-
    3. !,penaxu 484 xeIII{H rrJroruH c 3etuJIflHbrMH '
    Aau6auu, pacnoJlo-
    4. Conpnxeuue nJrorr{H c 6eperaulr r4 AaM6aMH 485 N{eHHbrMHHa ropr{sonTaJrbHoMBoAoy[ope 5I2
    l8- 3. fuAportrexannqecxufi MeroA pacqera uanopuot? l. Merol pacqera 512
    $n.nnrpauuu B ocHoB?HHrHnHAporexgl{qecKLIx co- 2. OparnreHr ycror c AByMff ruflopaMn THna I . 5I2
    opyxeuuft 485 3. OparnaeHrbrrunoB II, III H IV 513
    l. OArauoqnufi BoAoneirpouuqaeunfi urnyHr ilpH 4. OparrraeHrruna V 513
    6earpauuvnofi Morrlnocrn rlpoHHr{aeMoro ocrro- 5. Fny6una rroroKa Ha rpaunuax cMex{Hux gpar-
    BaHHs 485 MeHroB 514
    2. Oar.ruoqntrfi BoAouerrpornqaeuur? tunyHr npr{ l8-ll. @unnrpallnfl B seM.rrsHbrxrrrorr{Hax 514
    orpaHaqeHHofi Mo[IHocrH rrpoHr.rqaeMoroocHo- l. fleperrruqKa u3 oAHopoAHoro rpyHra c Beprr.r-
    BaHHfl 4Bo KAJIbHbIMH OTKOCAMH HA BOAOHCNPOHHIIACMOM
    3. flnocxltfi Snror6er 6es uryHroB npr{ Heorpa- ocHoBaur.rn 514
    uuqeguofi MorrlHocrn rtpoHHrraeMoro ocHoBa- 2. flnorprua LI3 oAuopoAuororpyrrra Ha BoAoHe-
    Hpln 486 npoHHqaeMoMocHQBaHHH npH OTCyTCTBHHBO-
    4. fl"rocxr.rfi $;rrcr6er 6es runyHroB nplr orpaHr.r- Au B HHx(HeM 6reSe 517
    qeuHor'r MoIrlHocrr,I upoHHuaeMoro ocnoBaHHfl 486 3. fl.noruna r{3 o,q,HopoAHororpyHTa Ha BoAor{e-
    5. @nror6er, 3arny6.rresnufi npu Heo,rpauruuenHofi npoHHrIaeMoMocHoBaHHHnpI,I HaJrHrrHHBOAbr
    MorrIHo(:THnpoHurlaeMofo ocHoBaHnfl 489 B HHx<HeM 6reSe 518
    6. flnocxnfi $"rrror6er c oAHHM BoAoHenpoHr.rqae- 4. fl.nornsa c eKpaHoM rr Apeuaxuofi upasruofi
    MbrM [rnyHToM npr.rHeofpaHr.rqeHHofi rrlouluocru Ha BOAOHenpOHHqaeMOM OCHOBaHHH 5r9
    IrpoHHrIaeMoFo ocuoBaHr{s 489 5. fl.noruna c lApoM (unH nponuqaeMbrM urnyH-
    7. flaocxufi Q.rrror6er c tronyKpyrnofi Apenaxffiofi ToM) Ha BoAoHenporrH[aeMoMocHoBaHr.rn 5r9
    OTJIABJIEHHE

    crp. crp-
    6. fl.noruHa cMeurat{Horo rurla Ha BoAoHerIpo;HH- 2. I{eueurauuoHHbre nporuBoQturrrpauHoHHbIe3a-
    IIaeMOM OCHOBaHHH 520 Becbr B ocnoBaur.Iu nJrorHH H n 6eperax 541
    7. fl.noruna I'13 oAHopoAHoro rpyHTa Ha npoHll- 3. Enryrtrn3arlun ocHosaHrrfi ITJIoTHH 543
    uaeMoM ocgoBaHI'Iu 6ecronequofi rlourHocrn 4. f.nuHusarrfioHHbre3aBecbr 543
    npn orcyrcrBuu BoAbI B HH)I(HeM6leQe 521 19-1 7. floArorosxa cKaJIbHhIx ocHoaaHtlfi nJIorItH 544
    8. fl.nornna c sKpaHoM u noHypoM Ha rpoHu' 19- 8. Apenax ocHoBaHHfl H TeJIa [JIorI4H 545
    uaeMoM ocHoBaHHI,Iroseqnoft MourHocrll 522 l9* 9. I(oucrpyxruBHble UIBbI B rpaBI{TaqHoHHbIx
    9- fl.rlotuua Ha npoHHIraeMoMocHoBaHlIII KoHeq- NJOTI{HAX 545
    nofi MoIIlHocrH c 3KPaHoM H eY6ou 523 l9-10. O6.rHIIosra noBepxnocru nJIorHHbI 546
    10. fl.torusu .np6oro rl'Ifla Ha npoHuuaerloM oc- l9-11. KoncrpyKl{Hq I{ pa3Mepu rpe6ua IIJoTHHbI 547
    HoBaHItH xosequofi n 6ecxoseqnofi MoillHocrn 523 19-12. O6urne rpe6onaunr K 6erony H pa3Meule-
    t8-12. flo.nynanopuafl Qu.nlrpaqux rtoA coopy]Ke- Hrie SeroHa pa3JIHtIHbIxIuapoK no npoSuato 547
    HH'IMI{ 524 19-i3. Pas6usra sa 6.noxn KJIaAKHreJla n.-IorHHbI 547
    l8-13- Pacqer Sunrrpaql{oHHblx norepb II3 BoAo-
    xpaHHJrHrrI 525 1 9 _ b . T O N O C J I H B H b IE E T O H . H b I E
    l. flocronHHble noreplt BoAbI l'ts soAoXPaHI'liIHUra525 |PABH TAUI4OH Hbl E nJI OTI4HbI HA CK'\'r'lb H bl X
    2. Bpenaenurte SulrrpaquoHHble norepn Il3 BoAo- H HECKAJIbHI,IXOCHOBAHI4flX
    xpaHHJII{XIa 527
    l8-14. Pacqet noAnopa rpyHroBblx BoA 527
    l9-14. Pacqer npoqHocrl4 reJla rpaBuTaul{oHuotl eo-
    l. Pacqet [oAnopa npll ycraHoBlrBlxelucfi ABI{-
    527 AocIIHBHoft 6eroHitoft nnoraHu Ha cKaJIbHoMrpyHre 548
    xeHHH [OA3eMHbIXBOA l9-15. Onpe,u,eleuue uanpnxenufi B rpyHre ocHo-
    2. OopnnupoBaHnelloAnopa..Bo BpeMeHH 527 549
    BXHMTfI nOA IIJIOTI'IHOI'I
    l8-15. Oil.nnipaUHoHHas ycroiiuueocru HecI(arIbHbIx l. O6urue coo6Paxeunr 549
    rpyHroB 530
    530 uanpnxeuufi B rpynre ocHoBa-
    2. Onpe4eJIeHI{e
    1. O6urne 3aMetIaHI'Ifi
    530 HUfl. AJIq CJyqafl )KecTKoro coopy>KeHnq 54s
    2. Vcrofiql{Bo'crb HecBfi3lrblx rpyufioB l9-16. Pacqer ycroftunnocrn rpaBHraIIHoHIrbIxBoJ'o-
    3. VcrofiquBocrb cBfl3gblx rpyHToB 531 OC-
    q:IHBIIbIX H HCCKAJbHOM
    4. floa6op o6parunx Qu-rrlrpoe Apeuaxerl 532 NJIOTI{H HA CKATbHOM
    550
    Jh.rreparypa 535 HOBAHHH
    550
    1. Pacqerllble cJIYqau
    2. VcrofiqnBocrb eoAoc-tluesoft 6eronsoft nroruslt
    fraea AeBffTHaAIrarafl HA CKAJIbHOI\T OCHOBAHHH 550
    3. floeepra ycrofiuuBocru Hra cABI'Ir 6erosaux
    EeroHHue rpaBIrraII[oHHbIe nJIorHHbl rpaBI{TaqHoHHbIxIIJIOTHHHa HecKaJibHoMocHo-
    Kanl. rextt. HaAK Onewrceeu'a JI' B' BAIIHH
    19-1?. Koncrpyxqun reJla rpaBI'IralrHoHHt{x 6eros-
    536 HbIX flJIOTHHHa HeCKaJIbHbIX HX
    fpyHTaX 3'r-I€-"teHTOB
    l9- 1. KnaccuQHKaqug 556
    d.nror6era
    - JDO
    19_A. TJIYXI4EfPABI4TAUI4OI{HbIE6ETOHHbIENflOThHbI 1. O6urue coo5Paxeultn
    2. OpneurnpoBoquble pa3Mepbl Slnr6era n'[o-
    (Ha cKaJIbHblx ocuoeauunx) TI,IIIbI
    556
    3. Ilouypn 556
    19- 2. Oueprauue nJIorHHbI B upo$IE"ne 537 557
    537 4. [lnyuru '
    l. Oveptauue nPoSunn 5. Cuiruxarn3aqltognble 3aBecbl 558
    2. llpehnapuTeJlbl{oe o[peAeJIeHI{e pa3MepoB nJIo- 558
    537 6. Te.no TIJIoTHHII (aoaocaus)
    THHbI
    7. Bolo6oft ulotassl 14 racHreJII{ suepruu 561
    l9- 3. Onpe4e.neHueBeprnKaJIbHbIxHopManbublx Ha- PIlc6ePua
    563
    8.
    npaxeuufi B ropl{3oHTaJIbHblx pacqerublx uBax
    538 l9-18. Eurri BoAocJII{BHbIxrpaBuraul{oHHblx 6eros-
    IIJIOTHHhI bbD
    l. Xon pacrrera 538 HbIX IIJIOTHH
    565
    Hailpfl- 1. KoncrPYKqEH 6r,lxos
    2. HoprrraJlbHbleKpaeBble BepTHKaJIbHble 565
    538 2. CtarraqecKl4e Pacqerbl 6ltxos
    XCH}Ifl
    3. VcJrosus Pactlera
    538 l9-l9.ConpnxenH'IBoAocJIHBHbIxqacret't6eroHHltx
    538 nJIorI{H c rayxulul{ qacrqluu u c 6eperaltu (conpn-
    4. PacqerHbte cJIYqau 568
    rJIaBHbIx Hanprxesnl't Ha rpa- rarcutue v 6ePerontte Ymou)
    l9- 4. Onpe4,e.neHue- 568
    HfX NJIOTHHbI
    539 1. KoHcrPyr'wrr YcroeB
    568
    HoprlaJIbHbIx14 2. Craru\ecnuft Pacqer YcroeB
    1. OupeneJIeHHexoplI3oHTaJIbHbIx 569
    cKaJIbIBaIOilIHX Ha[p gxeHl{ I{ 539 Jlirrepatypa
    2. OnpeaeJIeHHe TIaBHnIX HanprlKeHxfi ; -'-
    539
    l9- 5. ft6aepxa ycrofiuunocrl'I rpaBl'IraquoHHol4nJIo- fnaea ABaAqarafl
    THIIbI Ha CKaJIbHOMrpyHTe Ha cABI'.Ir 540
    l. flonepra ycroftuHBocru rIJIoraHbI Ha cABHf c Xefleso6eroHHble n 6eroHHste xonrpSopcHHe nJIorlIHbI
    540
    YIIETOMTOJIbKOCI'IJITPEHH'I Kand. re)ct. HaAK Posauoe H' n'
    2. v,rer cr.rJl cqenJleH'fl K'aAKLI TeJra nJToTLIHbI
    co cxa.nofi ocHoBaHHff
    540
    3. C.rryuafi IIaKJIoHHoro ocHoBaHHfl [JIorHHbl 540 2 0 - l . T n u u H K o H c T p y K I I H I { r o r r r p Q o p c H b l x t I J I o T l , I Hl.7n
    '
    ST0
    u' \'
    3aBecbl B ocHoBa- l. KlaccPrQuxatlun
    l9- 6. ll-pornno$I{JlbrpalrnoHHble i. iitnop"h" nepeKpbrrnn 572
    541 , tr.7a
    HtrH nJIorI{H 11 B OePerax ' 0t1)
    l. O6urue 3aMeqaHufl 541 3. Boaoc.rrl{Buble nJIHTbl
    OTNABJIEHHE
    XN
    ctp.
    crp.
    l. _QyrauMeHrHbre nJtnrbr . .. 574 2l- 7. Qr.r.nrrpaquonHuft pacr{er
    5. Konrp$opcbr Slrcr6era AepeBrrH_
    HbIX NTOTIIH
    6. S.neuesrbr )r(ecrKocrr{ SZs 606
    2l- 8. il;;; sJreMeHrouo"plu""*r* nrro""*
    20- 2. flpeaeapureJrbHoe onpeAeJreHneocHoBHbrx : . 606
    l. Pacqer nJrocKnx sarnopon, noJroB Lr croeK
    pa3MepoB 9IeMeHTOBH TeXHHKO-gKOHOMr.rqeCKHxno_
    606
    2. Pacqer pnxerl
    xasare.ttefi rourpQopcHbrx nJroruH 608
    5Z6 o. I.acqer BopoTa
    l. flaocxlle HanopHbre nJrurbr 610
    5T6 2l- 9. Pacqer csafi u urnyHroB
    2. Bo,qoc.nHBHbrenJrr.rrbr 6ll
    5T6 l. Pac,rer oAuHoqHbrx ceafi Ha Beprr.rKaJrbHbre
    3. @yn4aMeHTHbrerrJrnrbr ET6
    4. A_pountre nepeKpbrrurr 5Z6
    5. Konco"nbgbre oroJroBKH xourpeopcon 5T6
    6. KoHrpgopcbr S7T
    7. OnpeaeJrerrHeHeKoropbrx rexHHKo-sKoHoMHqe-
    cKHx noxasarereri STg
    20- 3. Pacqer xourpQopcHbrx n.rroruH STg
    I. Pac,rer uanopHrix nepexpsrruft STg
    2. Pac,rer BoAocJrHBHbrx n.rrur 580

    ['.naea ABaArrarb BTopat

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    3. llnoroaporiHbre nJroruHbr 5gl
    4. MaccuBHo-KoHrpQopcHuenJroruHbr bgl
    5. ll"noruunr fipoirax rr{rroB [-p rcxu. HaAK Huwunopoau,t A. A.,
    5gl
    20-5. ll.toruun cncreuu A. M. CeHxoea. rcaud. rexH. uagrc Hcronuna B. C.
    592
    Jfureparypa 592

    fnaea ABaAuarb nepBag

    ,Ilepenraubile [JIorHHbr
    Kaud. rexH. HaAK Jlarouaeurcoe A. 1v1.

    2l- l. Tuntr AepeBflHHbrxrrJroruH 593 MbrBHbrx H noJryHaMbrBnbrxnJrorHH 627


    l. OcHosHbre qacru AepeBflHHbrxnJrorI{H 593 3. Pacqer ycrofiulleocru aKpaHa fi sarrlr.rruoro
    2. KraccnQaxaqun 4epeoaHuux rrJrorr4H 593 crron 629
    2l- 2. Onrcr6eru AepeBrruHbrxnJrorr.ruHu3r{oro Ha- +. Kos$Ouqraeurbr 3arraca rpu pacqerax ycror?-
    ropa 593 rruBocrr{ geMJrr}Ibrx rrJrorlrH 629
    -_/' l. CsafiHtre Qarcr6eru 593 5. Pacqer ycrofivunocru HHSoBofoorKoca Ha or-
    2. CeafiHo-pffx{eBbre Salor6errr 595 JrbIBaHrIeB Mecre BbrxoAa SnttrpaquoHHoro
    3. Psxenue $"rrror6erir 597 rroroKa Ha rroBepxHocrb 629
    2l- 3. @nrcr6eru [Jrorr{H ttoBbrueHHoro Harropa 597 22-6. KoncrpyupoBaHue v Ha3HarreHne pasMepoB
    l. KourprpopcHbre $.rru'6eru D:' / orAeJrbubrx gJreMeHToBseMnsHofi nJrorriHbr 629
    2. Beprnxairbr{o-pflx{eBbre Q.nm6ertr 598 l. Kpen.neuue rpe6un 629
    3. Hax"norrHo-prx{eBbre $.rrcr6ertr 598 2. Kpen.nenr{eorKocoB 680
    2l- 4. Vcrou AepeBfiHHbrx n.roriiH 599 3. flapa s 4raaQparuu 631
    l. Psxeesre ycrou 599 4. 3r<pannr H noHypbr AB2
    2. CearlHo-o6ruuslrtre vcrorr 601 5. flpeuaxuue ycrporYrcrna 033
    -geM.nssofi
    3. KonrpSopcHbre ycrou 601 6. ConpnxeHue nJrorHHbrc ocr{oBar{r.r-
    2 | - 5._!'crioi"'rcino o"""pcrnr'r 1epenrrHHbr-xn"rrorrrH 602 eM H 6eperaul.r 636
    l. Etrru 602 7. Conpaxeulre seNrnsHori nJroruHbr B nraHe c
    2. KoHrpQopcbr 602 _ goopyxenurMn H3 Apyrux Marepuar'roB 636
    3. Crofixu 603 22-7. Bu6op nJrornocrr.r 14 BJra)KHocrr.rrJrnHucroro
    F
    4. floeoporHbre Qeprranr
    A
    60+ rpyHTa Arq rera HacbrrrHbrx3eMJrrHbrxnJrorurl 636
    D. JaTBOpbI H noA.beMHHKrI 604 22-8. Pacx.na,uxaQpaxuufi rpynra B orAenbHbrx qa-
    6. Mocrnr 605 crqx HardusHofi nJrornnbr c rrAporrr 630
    2l- 6. Harpysxre,4eficrnytoulrre
    Ha qacrn AepeBflH- 22-9. Bur6op rurra H crrocoda BosBeAeHRrrseunfiHofi
    HbIX trJIOTHH 606 NJIOTIIHbI 638
    OTJIABJIEHHE
    XIII
    crp. ctp-
    Jlureparypa 640 4. Onpeae.'reHuepacnopa (axruuuoro lauaenna)
    fp)/HTa 660
    5. Onpe4eJreHneornopa (naccuauoro 4anreunn)
    l-raea ABaAqarb rperbr rpyHra 663
    6. Pac.rer urrynToBbrx creHoK 663
    7. Pacqer aHKepHbrxnoAnopHbrx creHoK 661
    ll.rournu H3 KaMeHHofi Ha6pocxn Jlureparypa 665
    Kaududarbl rexH. HagKMueun C. H. (nn. I, 2,6,7,8,9), frasa ABaAr{arb nflTafl
    Xpgcrattee H. fl. (nn. 3, 4, 5)
    Bo4oc6pochr H BoAocnycKn rnApoysrroB
    23-1. Tunnt n.:rorHHLIs KaMHfl H vciroBr{r Hx Bo3Be- n,-p rexu. HaAK Huqunopoau,a A. A.
    AeHHq 641
    l. K"rraccn0Irxauras 641
    25 _ A. BOAOCEPOCbI
    2. Vc.rosufl rpuMeHeHuq u nu6op rrrfla Ha6poc-
    Irbrx nJorHH 642 25-t. Tunu BoAoc6pocoB 666
    23-2. Tpe6oeaurin K Karunro,xaneHsoli ua6pocxe u l . KnaccaQuKaqufl 666
    KJIAAKC 642 2. Boaoc6pocu 6eperoetre orKpbrrbre 669
    l. Tpe6onaHirq K KaMHro 642 3. Bo4oc6poctl 6eperoelre 3aKpbrrbre 670
    2. Tpe6oeaHrrrr x xarueuuofi ua6pocxe n KJraAKe 643 25-2. Pacqern no4oc6pocon 670
    3. Brrcora c6pacueaHr4flKaMHfl npH ua6pocxe 643 l . fu4pae"nuqecKHe pacrrerbr 670
    4. Buau ua6pocru KaMHs no cnoco6y yIIJIor- 2. Qu.rrtrpaqHoHHbrepacqerhr 670
    HEHHfl 643 3. Crarnqecxue pacqerbr 671
    23-3. Vcrofiqunocrr ua6pocr{brx rrJrornu, r{x orKocoB 25-3. KoucrpyxuI.rH eoAoc6pocon 671
    H OCIIOBAHHg 643 25-4. Bu6op rr{na no4oc6pocon 674
    l. Pacqeru ycrofivuBocrlr nJrorlrHbr Ha c.4Bltr 644
    2. llonepxa ycrofiuuBocrri ocHoBaHl{fl nJrornHbr 25-8. BOnOCnyCK14
    Ha Bbl[]IpaHrie . . 644
    3. 3anoxeHrre orKocoB H urllpuHa no rpe6Hro 644 25-5. Tnuu BoAocnycKoB 675
    23-4. flporneoQrrJrbrpar{uonHbreycrporlcrna u./'rornH l. KnaccnQrarauna 675
    I{3 xaueuHofi na6pocxa 644 2. Tpy6uarlre BoAocnycKn 676
    l. Srpanu 645 3. TyuuerrbHbre BoAocrrycKr{ tiTg
    2. ,Il,uaQpafubl 649 4. Orxpurhre Bo.qocnycKu 679
    23-5. Conpaxeurre reJra ua6pourux rrJroruH c oc- 25-6. Pacqersr Bo.uocnycKoB 679
    HoBaHI{eMH ApeHax(Hbreycrpoficrea 649 l. ffigpanruqecKne pacr{erbr 679
    1. KoHcrpyKuurr conprxeuurl 649 2. Ou.rrrrpauuonHbre pacqerbr 680
    2. .{penax 649 3. praruuecKHe pacqerbr 680
    23-6. flloraHu ss cyxofi xauesriofi Kilal'KH Lt 25-7. I(oncrpyxquu BoAocrrycKoB 681
    uoayua6pocHbre 649 25-8. Bu6op rnrra BoAocnycr{oB 6E2
    l. fl.uorunb[ r43 cyxofi xauenHofi KnaAKH 649 Ilnreparypa 682
    2. flonyua6pocHue nJrorrrHbr 650
    23-7. fllorunn cMertraHHbre 650
    23-8. llponycx BoAbr rrepe3 na6pocune rrJroruHbr 650 fraea ABaArIarb ruecrar
    l. fiepe.,rue BoAu qepee Ha6pocKy 650
    2. Ha6pocKa KaMHfi B reKyrqyro BoAy 651 3arnopu
    23-9. Ilpenvrl uqecrBa Lr HeAocrarKu nJIorHH us Ka- !,-p rexu. HaAK Eepesuncrcuil A. P.
    ueusofi Ha6pocra 655
    Jlureparypa ODD 26- l. O6ruse cBel,eHus . 683
    l. lloHsrue o 3arBope . 683
    f;rasa ABaArIarb qerBeprafl 2. KnaccuSuxauur 3arBopoB . 683
    3. Vrasanus tro npoeKTHpoBaHHn . 683
    llo4nopuue creHKH
    26_A. NOBEPXHOCTHbIE
    3ATBOPbI
    Kand. rexH. nayrc Meilcrep B. A.
    26- 2. fl.nocxue 3arBopbr 684
    24-r. K.naccrQuKarIHrr 656 l. O6;racrb npHMeHeHI{s 684
    24-2. Koncrpl'runfl no4rropHbrx creHoK 657 2. Tunu 3arBopoB 685
    l . I(oncrpyxrHBHbre xapar<repncrkrnr 657 3. KoucrpyKuas 3arBopoB 686
    2. KoHcrpyrrHBHbre gJreMeHTbr 658 4. Onpele,'reulle co6crseHHoro B e c a H r r o i i L e M -
    3. ConpnxeHue ncAnopHbrx creHoK c ocHoBaHHeM 658 HOrO yCHJIHff 688
    1. Apenaxuue Mepofipnrrrur 659 5- floare:vrultli MexaHH3M 688
    5. OcHoeHue yKa3aHHq no nu6opy MarepllaJra 26- 3. Cernesruue 3arBopbr 689
    H KOHCTpyKT{HH nOAnOpHbrXCTeHOK 659 l. O6.rracrbnpltMeneHnfl 689
    6. Bu6op Marepuana sacbrnoK 659 2. Tunu 3arBopoB 689
    24-3. Pacqer noAnopHbrx creHoK 660 3. Koucrpyrllus 3arBopoB 689
    l . O6urne rrorox<eHnr 660 ,1. Onpenenerrueco6ctseuuoro B e c a u ilOAbeM-
    2. Curu, 4eficrnyrcurre Ha noArlopHyto creHKy 660 HOIO yCHnHrr 690
    3. Pacqer xecrKHX noA[opgbrx creHoK 660 5. floaseuuuft MexaHH3M . 691
    OTJIABJIEHHE
    XIV
    crp. crp.
    26- 4. Baarqoebre3arBopbr 692 6. f.nuunHoeynJrorHeHue Zl8
    l. O6nacru npr{MeHeHuff 692 7. Ko.ntr'rara)K Tl8
    2 . T unur 3ar B o p o B . 7 .. 692 8. HeQrnHbreoAex(Abl ZIB
    3. KoHcrpyKrtus sarBopoB 692 9. Cnoco6 HcKyccrBenHoro coJroHueBaHrrfl
    rpyHToB T18
    4. Onpe4e.nenneco6crseHnoroBeca r{ no,4teM- 10. DuoaornqecKuecnoco6u yMeHbueHHflBoAo-
    Horo ycHJrHl 693 rr,ponnqaeMocrurpyuroB TIB
    5. flo,qrenannfiMexaHuBM 694 ll. MexauuqecKoeyn.uoruenHe Zl8
    26- S._KpurueeuAHbre 3arBopbr 694 12. ,I[penax o6.nuqonxu 7lg
    1. O6.rracrsnpHMeHeHHfl 694 27-6. Vcrosus npr.rMeHenus o6.nuqoBoK
    pa3gororuna Tlg
    2. Tnnnr sarBopoB 691 27-7. OcHosHbre rpe6onannrrK rpacce KaHaJroB 720
    3. Vcnosnq noAbeMaH onycKaHns3arBopoB 694 "Ilnreparypa 220
    4. I(oHcrpyKrrus sarBopoB 696
    5. Vnpan.neHne ABnxeurreM 696
    26- 6. CexropHne 3arBopbr 696 frasa ABa,4rlarb Bocb!\rar
    l. O6aacru [puMeHeHr.rr 696
    2. Tunu 3arBopoB 696 Coopyxenns Ha KaHaJrax
    3. Vc.[osnq noAbeMa H onycKaHr.rfl 3arBopoB 697
    4. KoncrpyKrlr.rs sarBopoB 698 Kand. rexv. HagK Posauoe H. n.
    5. VupanneHneABux{eHHeM 699
    26- 7. Kranannue sarBopbr 28-1. KraccnQraKarlr.rflcoopyxeuufi Ha KaHaJrax 721
    699
    l. O6racrn trprrMeueHufl 28-2. Mocrn-soAoBoAbr H ceJrerpoBoAbr 721
    699
    2. K.nananHbre3arBopbrc MexaHr.rqecKr{M l. Tuntr MocroB-BoAoBoAoB(axner1,'xon) H ceJre-
    ttpuBo- '
    699 npoBoAoB 721
    AOM
    3. Knanasuue u"ro*rrtu""*"a ypr""o"u*L""oru 2. I(pncrpyKruBnbre oco6ennocrs Mocro-BoAo-
    saTBOpril 700 BoAoB 722
    26- 8. Croesno-uJrocKr.re 3arBopbr 700 3. KoHcrpyKrr,rBubre oco6esnocrn ceJrenpoBoAoB 724
    26- 9. flonopornue Qepusr co rqHrKaMHH cnHrIaMH 701 4. C_6opnrre x(eJre3o6erosnue KorrcrpyKrlur{ 725
    26-10. Anapr.rfinsre,peMoHTnbre u crpor{Tenbuhresa- 5. Vxaganr{fl no crarr{qecKoMy pacqery . 725
    TBOpbr 702 6. Vrasauus tro rr{ApaBJrr.rqecKoMypacqery 725
    28-3. .[,roxepm T26
    26-8. rJIYEHHHhIE
    3ATBOPbI l. Tunu AroKepoB 726
    2. flpunreHeHuec6opumxxoncrpyreufi 727
    26-Ll. Vc.ltoeflq pa6oru 3arBopoB r.uy6uuutrx or- 3. Sneuenru xoucrpyrqrfi .{roKepoB 728
    nepcrufi 703 4. VrasaHnq rro craruqecKoMypaeqery T2g
    5. Vxagauuq no ruApaBJruqecKoMy paccery Z2g
    28-4- Tpy6u noA HacbrnsMu 730
    l. Tnnn rpy6 73o
    2. Flpurvrerreuue
    c6opnux >xe.rego6eroHHbrxKoH-
    crpyxqufi T3l
    3. S"rreuenrbrKoucrpyrqufi rpy6 732
    4. VrasaHr{fino crarr{rrecKoMypaccery 734
    5. Vxagannff no rr.rApaBJrurrecKolty
    pacqery 735
    f.rraea ABaArIarb ceAbMarr Z8-5. Bur6op rnra BoAonpoBoAnutux coopyxenufi 736
    Jlureparypa 736
    Kanaau
    Kand. rexH. HagrcXpgcranee H. fl. f.raea ABaAuarbAeBqraff
    27-1. Hagnaqeuueu ycJroennpa6orbr KaHaJroB 709 Hanopnue rpy6onpoBo4br
    27-2. @opvraH pasMepbrnonepequoroceqeHuflKa-
    HaJroB Zo9 Kaud. rexH. HagK KuparcocoaB. n,
    l. @oprvrailoneperruoroceqeHnsKaHanoB 709 29-1. Tunlr rn KoHcrpyKrluurpy6ofipoBo4oB 737
    2. Bu6op saJroxennsorKocoB 710 l. Trrnn tpy6onpoBoAoB n rrpe.feJbrHx rpu-
    27-3. Bu6op pacqerHbrxcxopocrefi 710 rueHeHr.rfl 737
    l. O6rqu-eyKa3aHHr 710 2. HausuroAHefiuufi AHaMerp rpy6oupoeo,u,a 737
    2. Heearrflrorr1fiecKopocrr.r 710 3. V_crpoficrnaua rpy6onpoBoAax 737
    3. OrpauuqeHr.re cKopocru TeqeHHsro ycJroBurrM 4. I(oHcrpyKrtr{urpy6onpo-BoAoB rr t{x oflop 738
    snMrrero pex(r{Ma 7ll 29-2. frr.r.pan.nuqecKrre
    pacqerbrrpy6onpoBo.toB 741
    4. Eu6op cxopocreft B onepreTuqecKr,rxKaHaJrax 712 l. Ilorepu Haropa Ha rpeHHe 741
    D. Uxopocru B opocuTeJrbHbrx KaHaJrax 713 2. Mecrsue norepu Hanopa 742
    6. Cxopocru B cyAoxoAHbrx KaHaJrax 713 3. fulpannuqecxnfi yAap 742
    27-4. Pac,{er KaHaJroBHa Qnnrrpaqurc 713 29-3. Crarnqecrue pacrrerbrMeraJrJruqecKoro rpy6o-
    27-5. O,qexAu H o6ruuoexn KaHaJroB 715 npoBoAarr ero orop 745
    l. OcHoeHbre Tltnbr oAexA a o6rurlosox Tl5 l. Curu, 4eficreyrcqHe Ha rpy6oupoeoA yr efo
    2. KaMeHuaq na6pocxa r.r KaMeHHbreMocroBbre 715 onopbr 745
    3. EerouHue u )r{eJreso6eronnnleoAexAbr 715 2. Pacqer rpy6onponola 748
    4. ToprperupoBaHr.re 717 3. Pacuer onop 748
    5. O6ruqonxn H3 acQa.nrroaux H 6Hryunux 29-4. CrarH,{ecxHe:pdce€Tbr AqpeBflHrroro rpy6onpo-
    Marepr{anoB 717 Bo.uau ero onop 751
    OTJIABJIEHHE
    XV
    crp- crp.
    l. Cu.nu, 4eficrnynulue Ha rpy6onponog,H ero
    I so.(onpHeMHHK 775
    751 IEMHHK
    752 775
    K BOAOnpHeMHHKOB 776
    753 ry6unHux BoAonpseMHHKoB 776
    toAonpueMHr{KOB 776
    753 to:olol"MHHKoB
    753 779
    Jlureparypa .
    753 779

    BOAOB 756 fraea rpuArlarb nepBas


    l. TeuonepeAatra qepe3 creHKH rpy6oupoBoAa,
    TenJroH3oJrflUHrO H rpyHT 756 OrcrofiHnrrr
    2. Ten.noorAaqaor napyxHoft nosepxHocrnHaA- Hnttc. Caaepun H. A.
    3eMHoro rpy6onpono4a HJrn Te[Jrorr3oJrs_
    rIHH- BO3AyXy 756 3 t - 1 . 9.6urue rpe6onanns K orcroftnnxau
    3. Pacqer reMfleparypbr BoAbr, reryulefi n rpy6o- 780
    l. Ha3HaqeHueorcrofiHr.rKoB
    H ycnoBus HX npu_
    npoBoAe 756 }ICHCHII'
    4. 3auepsanue BoAbr B rpy6onpoeo4e npn or- 780
    2. 3.neueuru grcrofiunroe 780
    cyTcTBr.rprTeqeHHs 756 3. Saaccnsrxaqr{r orcrofiHuroe
    5. Teprr,ruuecKue KoHcraHTbr rerrJlon3oJrgIIHoHHbIx 781
    3L-2. Enr6op rnna n MecronoJrox(eHr{ff orcrofisaxa 781
    MaTepHaJroBH rpyHroB 756 l . Vc.nonnseQQerrunuocrr{pa6orn orcrofiHuxos '78t
    JrHreparypa 757 2. Sbroop THna oTcTofinura 78r
    3. B_ur6opMecro[oJrox(euuflorctofinuxa 783
    faaea rpnArlarafl 3 l - 3 . KoHcrpyxquu orcrofiHHKoB 7U
    Bo4onpueMHHKrr
    t . MuoroxalrepHbreorcrofiuuru 784
    2. \oHcTpyKrIHH gJreMeHroBMHOfOKaMepHbrxoT-
    Hwc. Caoepuru H. A. crofiHt'txos 784
    3O_A.BO,4ONPHEMHHKHC OTKPbITbIMBO.IO3AEOPOM 3. OAuorauepHbre orcrofiuHBu c
    HenpqpbrrBHbrM
    npoMbrBoM TBs
    4. OrcrofiHHKH c Mexaguqecxofi oqucrxofi Ha_
    758 HocoB
    758 Zg5
    5. Meponpvflrnfl. no co3AaHuro paBuoruepuHx cKo-
    758
    759 _ pocrefi B KaMepax 6rcrofinl.rxos 7g6
    6. Iaaporr,rexaunqecKoe o6opylonanne orcrofi-
    HOrO y3Jra 759 786
    30-2. l'{.eponpurrafirro 6opr6e c HaHocauu,uryrofi 788
    H nJraBarox{nMuTeJraMH Z6l 788
    l. O6rque yKasaHHr T6l
    2. EecnaorHHHhie BoAo[pheMHr{Kr{ T6l 789
    3. fl.norunnbile BoAo[pneMrruKr.r 762
    HI,IKAX 792
    4. Meponpunrun no 6opr6e c uyrofi T68
    b. /vleponpufirufl no 6ops6e c copoM r.r flnaBaro- l. flportrtrB _HaHocoBB orcrofiuurax [epuoAnqe-
    rrlr{Mu TeJraMH cKoro 4eficrnun . Zg2
    T6J
    30-9. Soucrpyrqr.rn orKpbrrbrx BoAorrp{eMHHKoB 2. flporrluB_HaHocoBB orcrofinuxax HenpepbrB-
    264
    l. B.rrusuue ycnonuri pa6oru BoronpHeMHHKoB Horo Aericreuq TgB
    Ha lrx KoncrpyKqr{rc 3. llponycK rrryru s orcrofiHuKax 793
    764
    2. Marepra.rr KoHcrpyKrllru orKpbrrbrx Bo;ronpu- Jlureparypa Tg4
    eMHHKoB 264
    3. OururrtaJrbHbre KoHcrpyKrlur{ orKpbrrbrx BoAo- - f"[asa rprrAuarb BTopas

    Cy,u,oxoAnbreruJrrlsbl KaK g,rreMenr r[Apoy3noB


    ,[],-p rexs. uagrc fiptcgurcoecrcurtH. H.
    32-r. Onpe4e.neHrfl ocHoBHbrxg,'reMeHToB 795
    l. Sreuenrsr rrrJrro3a 795
    2. flpoqecc rrrJrro3oBaHufl 795
    32-2. K.naccu$r.rKarlufi H THrrbr c]-AoxoAHbrx ruJrro3oB 796
    l. r{Nc.no H pacfloJrox{eHueKarrep 796
    2. Tsnn KaMep 797
    BoAonpueruHnKa ZT2 3. Cnoco6n nrrraHufl eoAor?H Tr{rrbrBoAonpoBoA-
    4. Pacuer npoMbrBHbrxranepeir ZT2 Hbrx ycrpoiicrn 799
    5. Pacqer ropnoro eo4osa6opa TT4 4. Kraccu0uxaqux no ocHoBHoMyMarepnarry 801
    30_D. BO.IONPHEMHHKHC TNYEhHHbIII BOAO3A6OPOM 5. Knaccn$uxaqua no ocHoBHbrM KoHcrpyKTHB-
    HErMnpH3HaKaM 801
    30-6. O6que rpe6onauna x r.ny6unrrbrMBoAonpHeM- 32-3. Onpe,a,e.neHHe ocHoBHbrxra6apuron rrrJrro3oB. 802
    ^^HHIay H ycJroBnfi ux pa6orur TT4 l. floresnafr E;r.r*a KaMepbr 803
    30-7. Koncrpyxquu r.ny6unuux BoAorpHeMHHKoB TVs 2. Illupnua KaMepbr . 803
    OTJIABJIEHHE
    xvt_
    ctp. crp.
    3. floJresHas rayluna Ha r(opoJre h p 803 l. flaoroxoAbl c HaKJroHHbrMn JrorKarur{ 813
    4. Paauepur nepxueii H nuxueii roJ'roB 803 2. fl.noroxo4br co u.rrosoeofi xarrlepoii 814
    5. Brteuuue ra6apuruue pa3Mepbr urJrrc3a 804 3. Pasr'lepbrnonepeqHoroceqeHlrfl rr.rroroxo.loB 811
    32-4. n npony-
    flpo,rlo.nxHreJrbHocrb rrrJrro3oBaHI.Ir{ 33-4. Epennoracxu 815
    cKrrar cnoco6nocrr [rJrro3oB 804 l. flpoao.nbubre 6pennoracxn 815
    l. flpononxHTeJrbHocrb rxJrIo3oBaHHfl 804 2. floneperrHbrerpaHcnoprepbr (eaenaropr,r) 816
    2. flponycKHarr cnoco6uocrb rrrJrro3a 805 33-5. Oco6ue THnbr neconponycKHbrx coopyx.eHrrrt 816
    32-5. PasMerqeHne cyAoxoAHbrx rIIJrIo3oB B rHApo- l. llIaros-rrroroxoA 816
    y3JIe 806 2. fl.rorourrrcs 817
    l. Tpe6osaHAfl no pacnoJlox{eHl'Ip uJJIIo3oB B 3. MexangqecKrre nJrororacKH 817
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    PA3,A,EJT NEPBbII'I

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    T J T A B AN E P B A f

    MATEMAT14KA

    l -A. TAEilHUbI

    I -I. T I A C T O B C T P E T I A C I I I I H E C ' IB E I H q H H b I

    Ta6ttuUa I -1.

    & 3,14159 0,49715 frz I,86960 0,99430 o,60653 I,zgz85


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    I I I 1,0000 1,0000 0,00000 1000,000 3,142 0,7854


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    PAS4EJInEPBbrn. odrilan

    ITpodcttcrcenue ma6t. I_2

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    |
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    rflABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHI<A

    Ilpodottrcenue ra6a. 1-2

    51 2 601 132651 7 ,1414 3.7084 1,70757 19,6078 60,22 2042,82 5l


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    3 ti00 2 1 60 0 0 7 ,7 4 6 0 3,9149 | ,77815 I6,6667 188,50 2827,4 8 60

    61 3721 226981 7,8102 3,9365 1,78533 16,3964 191,64 2922,47 6l


    62 3 844 238328 7,8740 3,9i79 1,79239 16,1290 194,78 3019,07 62
    63 3 969 2r.0047 7,9373 3,9791 1,79934 15,8730 197,92 3ll7 ,25 63
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    65 4225 274625 9,0623 4,0107 I ,81291 15,3846 204,20 3318,31 65
    66 4 356 287496 8 ,1 2 4 0 4.0412 1,81954 l5,l5l5 207,35 3 421,19 66
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    I 70
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    I

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    73 5 329 74
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    438976 8,7178 4,2358 l , 8 t0 8 l 13,1579 238.76 4 536,46 76


    76 5776 4 656,63 77
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    5 l 2 o o oI u,s443
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    8 100 769000
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    I 000000 I0,0000
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    | 120

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    125 t5 625 953r25 8,06452 389.56 124
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    1,3137 5,0397 2,10721 7,91250
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    341 1 1 62 B l 39651821 18,4662 6,9E64 2,53275 2,93255 0 7 1, 3 91326,9 341


    342 I l6 96 4 40001688 1 8 ,4 9 3 2 6.9932 2,53403 2,92399 074,4 9l 963,3 342
    343 tt7 649 40353e07 18,5203 1/,0000 2,53529 2.9t545 077,6 9 2 4 0 1, 3 343
    344 118336 40 707584 18,5472 :/,00s8 2,53656 2,90698 0:0,7 92240.9 344
    34s 1 1 90 2 5 4 10 6 3 6 2 5 18,5742 1/,0136 2,53792 2,E9855 083,8 9 34 8 2 , 0 345
    l g,6011 1 2,53909 2 ,E 9 0 1 7 067,0 346
    346 I 1 97 1 6 41 421736 ',7i , 0 2 0 3 2,54033 2,88194 090,1
    94024. 7
    94 559, 0 347
    347 12040 9 41 781923 19,6279 ;0271
    348 l2l to4 42 t44 t92 18,6548 :i,0338 2,54158 2,87356 093,3 9 51 1 4 , 9 348
    '/,0406 2,54283 2,86533 096,4 95 662, 3 349
    349 l 2 16 0 1 42508549 19,6815

    350 r22500 42875000 I 8, 7083 7 ,0473 2,54407 2,85714 I 099,6 9 62 1 1 , 3

    351 '7,0540 2,54531 2,84900 102,7 9 67 6 1, 8 351


    r2320r 43243551 18,7350 '7
    352 123904 43614203 lB,7617 ,0".07 2,54651 2,t4091 1 0 5 , 8 97314,0 352
    353 124609 43986977 I8,7883 7,0674 2,54777 2,83286 1 0 9 , 0 97 867,7 353
    354 ',7,0740 2,54900 2,92486 ll2,l 9 84 2 3 . 0 354
    125316 44361864 18,8149 ',7,0:07
    355 126025 44738875 l8,8414 2,55023 2,91690 1 1 5 , 3 9 89 7 9 , 9 355
    356 '7,0373 2,55145 2,t0599 1 1 8 , 4 99539,2 356
    126736 4 51 1 80 1 6 18,E660
    357 r27 449 45499293 18,8944 1/,0940 2,55267 2,80112 1 2 1. 5 100098 357
    358 128164 45 882712 18,9209 12,1006 2,55388 2,793?,A 124,7 100660 358
    359 128BBI 46268279 18,9473 ",7,1072 2,55509 2,79552 127,8 10r223 359

    129600 46656000 I9,9737 1i,1138 2,55630 2,77778 1 1 3 1 , 0 101788

    ',/,1204 023:o4 361


    361 r3032r 47045881 9.0000 ',7,1269 2,55751 2,77008 134,1
    362 l3r 044 47 437928 9,0263 2,55971 2,76243 137,3 02 922 362
    363 l3l 769 47 832t47 9,0526 :/,1335 2,55991 2,75482 140.4 03491 363
    ',7,1400 143,5 040i2 364
    364 132496 48228544 9,0788 2 , 5 6 I10 2,74725
    365 133225 48627125 9,1050 :7,1466 2,56229 2,73973 146,7 04635 365
    366 133956 49027896 9 , l 3 lI 1/,1531 2.56348 2,73224 149.8 05209 366
    367 134689 49430863 9.1572 :/,1596 2,r.6467 2,724t0 153,0 05785 367
    368 135424 49836032 9,1933 :/ , l 66l 2,56585 2,71739 1 5 6I. 06362 368
    ',7,1726 159,2 06941 369
    369 1 3 6l 6 l 50 243409 9 ,2 0 9 4 2.56703 2,710Q3

    370 136900 50653000 19,2354 2,56820 2,70270 | 162,4 10752r 370


    " 7,1791
    ruIABA NEPBAfl. MATEIfiATHKA
    l5 r

    Ifpodonreuue ra6n. I--2

    3
    I 000 nll2
    n:i v'; {; lg rt
    4

    371 r3764r 5 l 0 6 4B l l 9,2614 7, lE55 2,56937 2,69542 165,5 r08103 37t


    372 138384 51478848 9 ,2 8 7 3 7,1920 2,57054 2,68917 169,7 108687 372
    373 139129 51895I 17 9,3132 7 ,1984 2,5717t 2 .6t097 l7l,g l0g 272 373
    374 139876 52313624 9,3391 7,2048 2,57287 2,673t0 175,0 1098 58 374
    375 r40625 s2734375 9 ,3 6 4 9 7 ,2112 2,57403 2,66667 I 7 8 ,I r10 447 .71D
    376 l4r 376 53r57376 9 ,3 9 0 7 7, 2 1 7 7 2,57519 2,65957 181,2 i l l 036 376
    377 t42 t29 53582633 9,4165 7,2240 2,57634 2,65252 194,2 llt 628 377
    378 142884 5 40 1 01 5 2 g ,4 4 2 2 7,2304 2,57749 2,64550 187,5 t72221 378
    379 143641 54439939 9 ,4 6 7 9 7,2369 2,57864 2,63952 190,7 I 1 28 1 5 379

    3E0 144400 54872000 l9,4936 7.2432 2,57978 2,6315S I l g 3 ,g I l 3 4 1 1 380

    381 r 4 5l 6 l 55306341 9,5192 7,2495 2,58092 2,62467 I96,9 4 009 381


    382 r45924 5s742968 9,5448 7,2558 2,58206 2 , 6 17 6 0 200,1 4 e08 382
    383 146689 56 l8t 887 9,5704 7,2622 2,59320 2,61097 203,2 5 209 383
    384 147456 56623104 9.5959 7,2685 2,59433 2,e}+n 206,4 5812 384
    385 r48225 57066625 I.6214 7,2748 2.58546 2,59740 209,5 64 1 6 385
    386 148996 i:7 512456 9,6469 7,281r 2,58659 2,59067 212,7 7 021 386
    387 r49769 57960603 9,6723 7,2874 2,58771 2,58398 215,5 7 628 387
    388 150544 584l | 072 9.6977 7,2936 2,58883 2,57732 218,9 8237 388
    369 1 5 13 2 1 58863869 9,723r 7,2999 2,53995 2,57069 222,1 8 847 389

    152100 59319000 19,7484 7,3061 2,59106 2,56410 | 225,2 r t9 459 sso


    i
    391 152881 59776471 9,7737 7 ,3124 2,59218 2,55754 228,4 t20 072 391
    392 r53664 60236288 9,7990 7,3186 2.59329 2,55102 231,5 t20 687 392
    393 154449 60698457 9,8242 7,3248 2,59439 2,54453 234,6 r2l 304 393
    394 155236 61162984 g,8,494 7,3310 2,59550 2,53807 237,8 l2l 922 394
    395 156025 61629875 9,8746 7,3372 2,59660 2,53165 240,9 122542 395
    396 t 5 68 1 6 62099136 9,8997 7 ,3434 2,59770 2,52525 244,1 123163 396
    397 157609 62570773 9,9249 7,3496 2,59879 2,51899 247,2 123786 397
    398 158404 630M792 9,9499 7,3658 2,59989 2,51256 250,4 124410 398
    399 159201 63521199 9,9750 7,3619 2,60097 2,50627 253,5 125036 399

    64000000 20,0000 7,3681 2,60206 2,50000 256,6

    401 6 08 0 1 6 4 4 8 12 0 1 20.0250 7 ,3742 2,60314 2,49377 259,8 26 293 401


    402 6l e04 64964t08 20;o4ee 7,3E03 2,e0423 2,48756 262,9 26 923 402
    403 62 409 65 450827 20,0749 7,3864 2,€0531 2,48139 2 6 6 I, 27 156 403
    404 63 216 65939264 20,0999 7 ,3925 2,60638 2,47525 269,2 28 190 404
    405 64 025 66430125 20 t246 7,3986 2.e0746 2,46914 272,3 28 825 405
    406 64836 66923416 20,1494 7,4047 2.60853 2,46?,05 275,5 29 462 406
    407 65649 67419143 20,1742 7 .4108 2,e0g5g 2;45700 279,6 3 01 0 0 407
    408 66 464 67 917312 20,1990 7 ,4169 2,61066 2,45098 2 g l, 8 3074r 408
    409 67 2Bl 68417929 20,2237 7,4229 2,61172 2,44499 284,9 t31382 409

    410 168100 68921000 20,2485 7,4290 2,61278 2,43902 I 288,I 132025 410

    &e..
    . 16 PA3IIEJI rIEPBhrn. OEUiln

    [Ipodonmenue ra6t. I-2

    V;
    ,11I 68921 69426531 20,2731 7,4350 2,61384 2,43309 291,2 32670 4rl
    412 69744 69934528 20,2978 7,4410 2,61490 2,42719 294,3 3 33 1 7 412
    413 70569 70 444997 20,3224 7,4470 2,61595 2,42131 297,5 33 965 413
    414 71396 70957944 20,3470 7,4530 2,617Q0 2,41546 300,6 3 46 1 4 414
    ,115 72225 7l473375 20,3715 7,4590 2,61605 2,40964 303,8 35265 415
    ,tl6 73 056 71991296 20,3961 7,4650 2,61909 2,40395 306,9 3 59 1 8 416
    4t7 73889 72 511713 20,4206 7,4710 2,62014 2,39809 310,0 36 572 4t7
    418 74724 73034632 20,M54 7,4770 2,62119 2,39234 313,2 37 228 4lB
    419 75561 73560059 20,4695 7,4829 2,62221 2,38663 316,3 37s85 419

    74088000 I 319,5

    421 t77 241 74618461 20,5183 7,4949 2,62428 2,37530 322,6 139205 421
    422 178084 76 tlr 448 20,5426 7,5007 2,62531 2,36967 325,9 139867 422
    !23 178929 75686967 20,5670 7,5067 2,62634 2,3M07 328,9 140531 423
    424 t79 776 76225024 20,5913 7,5126 2,62737 2,35849 332,0 1 4 11 9 6 424
    425 180625 76765625 20,6155 7,5185 2,62839 2,35294 335,2 l4l 863 425
    426 t8l 476 77 308776 20,6398 7,5244 2,62941 2,u742 338,3 t42 531 426
    427 182329 77 854483 20,6640 7,5302 2,63043 2,3/.192 341,5 t43201 427
    428 183184 78 402752 20,6992 7,5361 2,63144 2,33645 3M,6 143872 428
    129 184041 78953589. 20,7123 7,5420 2,63246 2,33100 347,7 t44 545 429

    20,7364

    431 85761 80062991 20,7605 7,5537


    7,5595
    z,oiua 2,32019 354,0 145896 431
    432 86624 80621568 20,7846 2,63548 2,31491 357,2 146574 432
    433 87489 8t 182737 20,8097 7,5654 2,63649 2,30947 360,3 14725;4 433
    ,,134 88356 81746504, 20,8327 7,5712 2,63749: 2 , 3 0 4 1 5, 363,5 t47 934 434
    435 89225 823r2875, 20,9567 7,5770 2,63849 2,29995 366,5 148617 435
    436 90096 828Bl856. 20,8906 7.5828 2,63949 2,29358 369,7 149301 436
    437 90969 83 453453 20,9045 7:5886 2,64048 2,28833 372,9 149987 437
    €8 91844 84Q27672 20,9284 7:5944 2,64147 2,28811 376,0 150674 438
    439 92721 84604519 20,9523 7,6001 2,64246 2,27790 379,2 l5l 363 439

    193600 85 184000 20,9762 7,6059 2,64345 2,27273 1382,3 r 52053 440

    441 194481 8 5 7 6 61 2 1 21,0000 7 ,6117 2,6M44 2,26757 385,4 t52745 441


    442 I95 364 86350886 21,0238 7 ,6174 2,64542 2,26244 389,6 153439 442
    443 196249 86938307 21,0476 7,6232 2,64640 2,25734 391,7 r54 134 M3
    444 1 9 7r 3 6 87 528384 2 1, 0 7 1 3 7,6289 2,64738 2,25225 394,9 154830 4M
    445 l98 025 88 l2l 125 2l ,0950 7,6346 2,64836 2,24719 398,0 155528 445
    44 r 9 89 1 6 88716536 2l,ll87 7,6443 2,64933 2,24215 401,2 156228 M6
    447 199809 89314623 21,1424 7 ,6460 2,65031 2,23714 404,3 156930 447
    448 200704 89915392 2l ,i660 7,6517 2,65129 2,23214 407,4 157633 448
    449 201601 90518849 2l,1896 7 ,6574 2,65225 2,22717 410,6 158337 M9

    202500 91 125000 21,21,32 7,6631 2,6f321 2,22222 1 413,7 159043


    TJIABA NEPBAfl. IVIATEMATTIKA

    Ilpodomceuue ra6n. I-2

    nn2
    lgn
    4

    45r 203401 91733851 21,2368 7,6688 2,65418 2,21729 416,9 159751 451
    452 204304 92345408 21,2603 7,6744 2,65514 2,21239 420,0 160460 452
    453 205209 92959677 21,2838 7,6801 2,65610 2,20751 423,1 l6l l7r 453
    454 206I 16 93576664 2l,3073 7,6857 2,65706 2,22064 426,3 161863 454
    455 207025 94 196375 21,3307 7,6914 2,65801 2,19780 429,4 162s97 455
    456 207936 9 48 1 88 1 6 21,3542 7,6970 2,65896 2, 19298 432,6 1 6 33 1 3 456
    457 208849 95 443993 21,3776 7,7026 2,65992 2,lg8lg 435,7 164030 457
    458 209764 9 60 7 19 1 2 21,4009 7,7082 2,66097 2,18341 439,9 164748 458
    459 2 1 06 8 I 96702579 21,4243 7,7138 2,06191 2,17865 442,0 165468 459

    97336000 21,4476 7,7194 2,66276 | 445,1

    461 212 521 97972181 21,4709 7,7250 2,66370 2, 16920 448,3 6 69 1 4 461
    462 213444 9 8 6 1 11 2 8 21,4942 7J306 2,66464 2,16450 451.4 67639 4az
    463 214369 99252847 2l,5174 7,7362 2,66558 2,15983 454,6 68365 463
    464 215296 99897344 21,5407 7,7418 2,66652 2,15517 456,6 69093 4e,4
    465 216225 100544625 21,5639 7,7473 2,66745 2,75054 460,8 69823 465
    466 2r7 156 101194696 2l ,5870 7,7529 2,66939 2,14592 464,0 70 554 466
    467 218089 t0t 847563 2.1,6102 7,7584 2,66932 2,14133 467,L 7t 287 467
    468 2t9 024 102503232 21,6333 7,7639 2,67025 2,13675 470,3 72021 468
    469 219961 103161709 21,6564 7,7695 2,67117 2,13220 473,4 7 2 7 5 7 469

    ig'470 220900 r03823000 21,6795 7,7750 2,67210 2,12766 | 476,5 173494

    471 22t 841 t04487lll 21,7025 7 ,7805 2,67302 2,12314 | 479,7 174284 471
    472 222784 105154048 21,7256 7,7860 2,67394 2,I lg64 I 482,8 174974 472
    473 223729 105B23817 21,7486 7,7915 2,67496 2,11416 496,0 l7s7t6 473
    474 224676 106496424 21,7715 7,7970 2,67578 2,10970 489,I t76 4F.O 474
    475 225625 t07 l7t 875 21,7945 7,8025 2,67669 2,10526 492,3 t77 i05 475
    476 226576 1078s0176 21,8174 7,8079 2,67761 2,10084 495,4 177952 476
    477 227 529 108531333 2l ,8403 7,9134 2,67852 2,09644 499,5 t7B70l 477
    478 228 484 109215352 21,8632 7,glgB 2,67943 2,09205 r01,7 179451 478
    M9 229Ml 109902239 21,8861 7,8243 2,69034 2,09769 504,8 tEO203 479

    230400 I 10592000 2l,9089 7,8297 2,69124 2,09333 1509,0 180956

    481 231361 1 1 12 8 4 6 4 1 21,9317 7,8352 2,68215 2,07900 5ll,l l E l7 ll 481


    482 232324 l l l 9 8 01 6 8 21,9545 7,8406 2,69305 2,07469 574,2 t82 467 482
    483 233289 t12678587 21,9773 7,8460 2,69395 2,07039 517,4 r83225 483
    484 234256 I 13379904 22,0000 7,9514 2,69495 2,06612 520,5 lb3 984 464
    485 235225 114081 425 22,0227 7,8569 2,68574 2,06196 523,7 184745 485
    486 236196 rt4.79r256 22,0454 7 .8622 2,69664 2,05761 5 : 6 .B l85 508 486
    487 237169 l 1 5 5 0 l3 0 3 22.0681 7 ,8676 2,68753 2,05339 530,0 t86272 467
    488 238t44 1t6214272 22,0907 7 ,8730 2,69842 2, 0 4 9
    t8 533,1 167038 488
    489 239121 l16 930r69 22,1133 7,9794 2,66931 2,04499 536,2 187805 489

    240100 I 17649000 22,1359 7,9837 2,69020 2,04092 1539,4


    PA3TIEJI NEPBbIN. OBWHE
    r8
    Ilpodotwceuue ra6rt. I-2
    a
    / r
    1 /
    y
    -

    n lgn Tn'
    [; 4

    491 2410Bl \8370771 22,1595 7,8891 2,69108 2,03666 542,5 189345 4 9 1


    492 242064 I 19095488 22,l8ll 7 ,8944 2,69197 2,03252 545,7 1 9 0I l 7 492
    493 243049 l l 9 8 2 31 5 7 22,2036 7,8998 2,69295 2,02840 548,8 190890 493
    494 244036 1205'c3784 22,2261 7,9051 2,69373 2,02429 551,9 rgi 665 494
    495 245025 l2t 287375 22,2486 7,9105 2,69461 2,02020 555,1 t92 442 495
    496 246016 122023936 22,2711 7,9158 2,69548 2,01613 559,2 193221 496
    497 247009 t22763473 22,2935 7,921r 2,69636 2,01207 561,4 194000 497
    498 248004 123505992 22,3159 7,9264 2,69723 2,00803 564,5 194782 498
    499 249001 t2425t 499 22,3383 7,9317 2,69g10 2,00401 567,7 195565 499

    I
    250000 125000000 22,3607 7,9370 2,69997 2,00000 I 570.8
    , iI 19635 0
    I
    I

    501 25t 00t t2575t 501 22,3830 7,9423 2,69994 I ,99601 I573,9 1 9 71 3 6 501
    I
    502 252004 126s06008 22,4054 7 ,9476 2,70070 1,99203 | 5 7 7, l t97 923 502
    503 253009 t27 263527 22,4277 7,9528 2,70157 1,98807 I 580,2 1 9 87 1 3 503
    504 254016 128024064 22,4499 7,9581 2,70243 1,98413 583,4 199504 504
    505 255025 128787625 22,4722 7,9634 2,70329 1,98020 586,5 200296 505
    505 256036 129554216 22,4944 7,9686 2,70415 1,97628 589,6 201090 506
    507 257049 r30323843 22,5167 7 ,9739 2,70501 |,97239 592;8 201886 507
    508 258064 l 3 l 0 9 65 1 2 22,5389 7,9791 2,70586 1,96950 595,9 202683 508
    s09 259081 13r 872229 22,5610 7,9843 2,70672 1,96464 599,1 203 482 509

    132651000 22,5832 7,9996 2,70757 I ,96078 | 602,2

    511 26t t2l 33432831 22,6053 7,9948 2,70842 1,95695 605,4 205084 5ll
    512 262 144 342t7 728 22,6274 8.0000 2,70927 I,95312 609,5 205887 512
    513 263169 35005697 22,6495 s,0052 2,71012 I ,94939 611,6 206692 513
    5t4 264196 35796744 22,6716 8,0104 2,71096 1,94553 614,8 207 499 514
    515 265225 36590875 22,6936 8,0156 2,7ll8l 1,94175 617,9 208307 515
    516 266256 37388096 22,7156 8, 0208 2,71265 I ,93798 621,1 209tt7 5r6
    5t7 267289 38 188413 22,7376 8,0260 2.71349 1,93424 624,2 209928 5t7
    518 268324 138991832 22,7596 8,031I 2,71433 I ,93050 627,3 210741 518
    519 269361 139798359 22,7816 8,0363 2,71517 1,92679 630,5 2 1 15 5 6 519

    140608000 22,8035 8,0415 2,71600 I ,92308 1633,6

    521 27t 441 4t 420761 22,8254 8,0466 2,71684 I,91939 I 636,B 3 189 521
    522 272 484 42236648 22,8473 8, 0 5 1 7 2,77767 1,91571 I 639,9 4 008 522
    523 273529 43055667 22,8692 9,0569 2,71850 1.91205 I 643,1 4829 523
    524 274576 43877824 22,8910 8,0620 2,71933 I.90840 I 646,2 5 651 524
    525 275625 44703r25 22,9129 8,067I 2,72016 l :90476 649,3 6 475 525
    526 276676 45531576 22,9347 8,0723 2,72099 1,90114 652,5 7 301 526
    527 277729 46363l83 22,9565 8 , 0 74
    7 2,72181 1,89753 655,6 8 128 527
    528 278784 47 197952 22,9783 9,0825 2,72263 I ,89394 658,8 8 956 528
    529 279B4l 48035889 23,0000 8,0876 2,72346 1,89036 661,9 I 787 529

    280900 148877000 23,0217 8,0927 2,72428 1,88679 2206lB


    TJIABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA
    19
    If podo.atrceuue ra6.n. 1-2

    xnz
    {; lgn
    4

    531 281961 14972t 291 23,0434 8,0978 2,72509 1,88324 668,2 22t 452 531
    532 283024 150568768 23,0651 8 , l 02B 2,72591 I ,87970 6 7 1, 3 222287 532
    533 284089 lst 4rg 487 23,0869 8,1079 2,72673 I ,67617 674,5 223r23 533
    534 285156 t52273304 23,1084 8,1130 2,72754 I ,87266 6 7 7, 6 223961 534
    535 286225 1 5 31 3 0 3 7 5 23,l30l 8,I 180 2,72835 1,66916 660,9 224801 535
    536 287296 r53990656 23,1517 8,1231 2,72916 1,86567 683,9 225642 536
    537 288369 154854153 23,t733 8,1281 2,72997 1,66220 687,0 226484 537
    538 289 444 t55720872 23,1948 9,1332 2,73078 1 ,85874 690,2 227329 538
    539 290521 156590819 23,2164 g,l3B2 2,73159 I ,85529 693,3 228t75 539

    157 464000 2,73239

    541 292681 t58340 421 23,2594 B ,1 4 8 3 2,73320 1,84843 699,6 229871 541
    542 293764 159220088 23,2809 8,1.533 2,73400 702,7 230722 542
    543 294849 160103007 23,3024 8,1583 2,73480 705,9 231574 543
    544 295936 160989184 23,3238 8,1633 2,73560 709.0 232 428 514
    545 297025 161878625 23,3452 8,1683 2,73640 712,2 233283 545
    546 298r 16 162771336 23,3666 8,1733 2,73719 7t5,3 234t40 546
    547 299209 163667323 23r3880 8,1783 2,73799 718,5 234998 547
    548 300304 164566592 23,4094 8,1833 2,73878 721,6 235858 548
    549 301401 165469149 23,4307 8,1882 2,73957 724,7 236720 549

    302500 166375000 23,452L 8,1932 2,74036 l,BlB18 | 727,9 237583

    551 303601 67 284151 23,4734 9,1982 z,z+its 1, 8 1 4 8 8 731,0 238448


    239314
    551
    552 304704 68 196608 23.4947 8,2031 2,74194 1,91159 731,2 552
    553 305809 69112377 23;5160 8,2081 2,74273 I ,90932 737,3 240t82 553
    554 306916 70031464 23,5372 8,2130 2,74351 I ,80505 740,4 24r 051 551
    cbc 308025 70953875 23,5584 8,2180 2,74429 1,80180 743,6 241922 ccc
    c,fo 309136 7l 879616 23,5797 8,2229 2,74507 1 ,79856 746,7 242795 $fo
    557 310249 72808693 23,6008 8,2278 2,74586 1,79533 749,9 243669 557
    558 31I 364 73741112 23,6220 8,2327 2,74663 l,792ll 753,0 244545 558
    559 3 1 24 8 1 74 676879 23,6432 8,2377 2,74741 1,78891 756,2 245422 559

    *oi 313600 175616000 23,6643 8,2426 2,749lg 1,78571 I 759,3 246301

    561 314727 1765584Bl 23,6854 8,2475 2,74896 1,78253 762,4 247l8l 561
    562 315844 17750+328 23,7065 8,2524 2 , 7 4 947 1,77936 765,6 248063 562
    563 316969 t78 453547 23,7276 8,2573 2.75051 1,77620 768,7 248947 563
    564 3 1 80 9 6 179406144 23,7487 8,2621 2,75128 1,77305 7 7 1, 9 249E32 564
    565 319225 180362125 23,7697 8,2670 2,75205 I ,76991 775,0 250719 cbc
    566 320356 l8l 321496 23,7908 8,2719 2,752E2 I ,76678 I 778,1 251607 566
    567 321489 t82284263 23,81lB 8,2768 2,75358 1,76367 1 7 8 1, 3 252197 567
    568 322624 183250432 23, B32B 8 , 2 861 2,75435 I ,76056 I 784,4 253388 568
    569 323761 184220009 23,9537 8,2865 2,75511 L,75747 I 7 8 7, 6 254281 569

    570 324900 185193000 23,8747 8,2913 2,75587 1,75439 1790,7 255 176 570

    2+
    PA?TEJI NEPBbIE. OEUHN
    20
    ra6n. I-z
    [Ipodottucenue

    T"'
    V; lgn
    4

    571 326041 1 8 61 6 94 l l 23,8956 8,2962 2,75664 1,75131 1793,8 256072 571


    572 327t84 187t49248 23,9165 8,3010 2,75740 1,74825 797,0 256970 572
    573 328329 188132517 23,9374 8,3059 2,75815 1,74520 t00,1 257869 573
    574 329476 t89 tr9224 23,9583 8,3107 2,75891 1,74216 603,3 258770 574
    575 330625 190109375 23,9792 8,3155 2,75967 1,73913 806,4 259672 5/D
    576 331776 l9l 102976 24,0000 8,3203 2,76042 I ,7361I 809,6 260576 576
    577 332929 192100033 24,0208 9,3251 2,761l8 1,73310 812,7 261482 577
    578 334084 193100552 24,0416 9,3300 2,76193 1,73010 1815,8 262389 s78
    579 335241 194104539 24,0624 8,3348 2,76268 1,72712 I 819,0 263293 579

    580 336400 1 9 51 1 20 0 0 24,0832 8,3396 2,76343 1,72414 | 822,1 264208

    581 337561 196 122941 24,1039 8,3443 l.72ll7 1825,3 265120 581
    582 338724 r97 r37 368 24,1247 8,3491 l,7l82l I 828,4 266033 582
    583 339839 1 9 81 5 5 2 8 7 24,1454 8,3539 |,71527 I 831.6 266948 583
    584 341056 r99 176704 24,1661 8,3587 1,71233 | 834,7 267865 584
    585 342225 20020t 625 24,1868 9,3634 1,70940 1837,8 268783 Datc
    586 343396 201 230 056 24,2074 g,3682 1,70648 I 841,0 269703 586
    587 344569 202 262 003 24,2281 8,3730 2,76864 1,70358 L 844,1 270624 587
    588 3457M 203297 472 24,2487 8,3777 2,76938 I,70068 I 8 4 7, 3 27t 547 588
    589 346921 204 336 469 24,2693 9,3825 2,77012 |,69779 1850,4 272471 589

    590 348100 205379000 24,2899 8,3872 2,77085 1,69492 1853,5 273397


    !,

    591 349281 206425071 24,3105 8,3919 2,77t59 1,69205 856,7 274325 591
    592 350464 207474688 24,3311 8.3967 2.77232 l,689l9 859.8 275254 592
    593 351649 208527857 24,3516 8:4014 2',77305 1,68634 963,0 276184 593
    194 352836 209584584 24,3721 8.4061 2,77379 1,68350 866,1 277ll7 594
    595 354025 210644875 24,3926 8;4108 2,77452 1,68067 869,2 278051 595
    596 355216 2fi 708736 24,4131 8,4155 2,77525 1,67785 872,4 278986 596
    597 356409 2t2776173 24,4336 8,4202 2,77597 1,67504 875,5 279923 597
    598 357604 213847192 24,4540 8,4249 2,77670 |,67224 878,7 280862 598
    599 358E01 2t492t799 24,4745 8,4296 2,77743 1,66945 9 8 1, 8 281802 599

    8,4343 2,77815 1,66667 1885,0 282743

    601 361201 2 1 70 8 18 0 1 24,5153 8,4390 2,77887 1,66389 1-888,1 283687 601


    602 362 404 218167208 24,5357 8,4437 2,77960 I ,661l3 I 891,2 284631 602
    603 363609 2t9256227 24,5561 8,4484 2,78032 1,65837 1894,4 285578 603
    604 364816 220348864 24,5764 8,4530 2,78104 1,65563 I 897,5 286526 604
    605 366025 221 445125 24,5967 8,4577 2,78176 1,65289 1900,7 287475 605
    606 367236 222545016 24,6171 8,4623 2,78424 I ,65017 1903,8 288426 606
    607 368449 223648543 24,6374 8,4670 2,78319 1,64745 19 0 6 , 9 289379 807
    608 369664 224755712 24,6577 8,4716 2,79390 1,64474 1 9 1 0I 290333 608
    609 37018t 225866529 24,6779 8,4763 2,78462 1,64204 I 913,2 291289 609

    2269Bl 000 24,6992 3,4809 2,78533 1,63934 1916,4

    e1e4
    TJIABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA
    2r
    Ilpodotr.ucenue
    ra6n. I-2

    I 000 nnz
    {; lgn
    4

    6ll 37332r 228099131 24,7184 8.4856 2,7860+ 1,63666 919,5 293206 611
    612 374544 229220928 24,7396 8,4902 2,7E675 1,63399 922,7 294166 612
    613 375769 230346397 24,7588 8,4949 2,78746 I ,63132 925,8 295128 6I3
    614 376996 231475544 24,7790 8,4994 2,78817 1,62E66 928,9 296092 614
    615 378225 232608375 24,7992 8,5040 2,78898 1,62e02 932,I 297057 615
    616 379456 233744896 24,8193 8,5086 2,78958 1,6233E 935,2 298024 616
    617 3t0 689 234885l13 24,8395 8,5132 2,79029 1,62075 938,4 298992 617
    618 38r 924 236029032 24,8596 8,5179 2,79099 l,6lsl2 9 4 1, 5 299962 618
    6r9 38316l 237t76659 24,8797 8,5224 2,79169 l,6155l 944,6 300934 619

    384400 238328000 24,8998 8,5270 2,79239 1,61290 1 9 4 7, 8 301907

    621 385641 239483061 24,9199 8,5316 2,79309 1,61031 950,9 302882 621
    622 386884 240641848 24,9399 8,5362 2,79379 1.60772 954,I 303858 622
    623 388129 24r 804367 24,9600 8,5408 2,79149 1,60514 957,2 304836 623
    624 389376 242970624 24,9800 8,5453 2,79518 I,e0256 960,4 305815 624
    625 390625 244 140625 25,0000 8,5499 2,79538 1,60000 963,5 306796 625
    626 391876 24531,4376 25,0200 8,5544 2,79657 1,59744 9 t6 , 6 307779 626
    627 393129 246491E83 25,0+00 8,5590 2,79727 1.59+90 969,9 303763 627
    628 394384 247673152 25,0599 8,5635 2.79796 l;5e236 972,9 309748 628
    629 395641 248858189 25,0799 9,5681 2,79565 1,5s983 9 7 6I, 310736 629

    396900 250047000 25,0998 8,5726 2,79934 1,58730 | 979,2 3t1 725

    631 39S161 25123959I 25,1197 8,5772 z,sooos 1,5.q479 982,3 3r2715 631
    632 399424 252435968 25,1396 8,5817 2,t0072 I ,5S 228 9t5,5 3r3707 632
    633 4C0689 253636137 25,1596 8,5862 2,t0140 1,57978 988,6 314700 633
    634 401956 254840t04 25,t791 8,5907 2, t0209 1,57729 991,8 3 1 56 9 6 634
    635 403225 2s6047875 25,1992 8,5952 2.E0277 1,57-1E0 994,9 316692 635
    636 404496 257259456 25,2190 8,5997 2,80345 | ,57233
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    637 405769 258474853 25,2389 8 ,6043 2,60414 2401,2 3lB690 637
    638 407044 2";9694072 25,2587 8,6088 2,60482 1,56740 2004,3 319692 638
    639 40332r 2 6 09 1 71 1 9 25,2784 8,6132 2,60550 1,56495 2007,5 320695 639

    262r44000 25,2982 8,6177 1,56250 20 1 0 , 6

    641 4 1 08 8 l 26337472r 25,3180 8,6222 2, E0686 1,56006 20 1 3 , 6 322705 641


    642 4r2 164 264609288 25.3377 8,6267 2,80754 1,55763 20 1 6 , 9 3237r3 642
    643 4t3 449 265847707 25,3574 8, 6 3 2
    1 2, t0g2l 1,55521 2 020,0 324722 e43
    644 4t4736 267089984 25,3772 8,6357 2, E03gg I .5i2t0 2 023,2 32s7,33 64+
    645 416025 268336125 25,3969 8,6401 2, E0956 1,55039 2026,3 326745 645
    646 4 1 73 1 6 269586136 25,4165 8,6446 2,E1023 1,5+799 2029,5 32775s 646
    647 418609 2708,40023 25,4362 8,6490 2.61090 I , #560 2 032,6 323775 e,47
    648 419904 272097792 25,4553 8,6535 2 , 8 11 5 8 1,54321 2035,8 329792 648
    649 42t 201 273359449 25,4755 8,6579 2,31224 1,5i033 2 038,9 3 3 08 1 0 649

    422500 274625000 25,4951 8,6624 2,81291 1,53846 2042,0 331631

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    22 PAs,AEJT NEPBbIN. o6uH n

    ITpodontreuue ra6tt.
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    652 425104 25,5147 9,6669
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    653 426409 27E445077 8,6713 2,91425 1 ,53374 332853 651
    654 427716 25,5539 8,6757 2 ,g l 4 l g 333876 652
    279726264 25,5734 I,53139
    655 429025 28l 01| 375 8,6901 2,gl55g I ,52905 334901 653
    656 430336 25,5930 8,6845 2,91624 335927 654
    282300416 25,6125 8,6990 |,52672
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    658 432964 25,6320 8,6934 2,91757 3379&5 656
    284890312 25,6515 1,52207
    659 434281 286t91 179 8,6978 2,glg23 l,5l976 339016 657
    25,6710 8,7022 2 ,g l B g g 340049 658
    1,51745 34t 084 659
    435600 287496000 25,6e0; u,rouu
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    1,50930
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    666 443556 29540s296 2sicozo 8,7295 2,92292 r,50376 346279 664
    667 444BB9 296740963 25,9263 8,7329 2,92347 I,50150 347323 665
    668 446224 298077632 8,7373 2,82413 348368 666
    25,9457 8,7416 l,4gg25 3494r5
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    674 454276 25,9422 9,7634 2,92902 354673 672
    306182024 25,9615 l,4g5gg
    675 455625 307546875 8 ,7677 2,92966 I,4g36g 355780 673
    676 456970 25.9808 8,7721 2,82930 356788 674
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    683 46648J 3 t B6 r I 9 8 7 8,9023 2,93373 1,46629 364237 68I
    684 467856 320013504 26,1343 B,EOJ6 2,93M2 2 42,6 365308 682
    26,I534 1 , 4 6 . 1 1 8 2 45,7
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    686 470596 322828856 26,1725 8,B152 2,83569 2 4 B ,g 367453 684
    26,lgl6 8,glg4 l,45gs5 2 52,0
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    688 473344 325660672 26,2107 8,9237 2, g3996 2 5 5 ,I 369605 686
    26,229i9 8,g2g0 1,45560 2 5 8 , 3 370684
    689 474721 327082769 2,83759 I ,453+9 687
    26,2438 8, 9323 2,93922 2 61,4 371 764 688
    l,45l3g 2 64,6 372845 689
    476100 328509000 26,2679 9,9366 2,B3BB5 1,Mg2g 2167,7
    TJIABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA
    23
    [Ipodontrenue ra6n. I-2

    lgn
    1/;

    691 47748r 329939371 26,2869 8,8408 2,83948 1,44718 2170,8 375013 691
    692 478864 331373888 26,3059 8.8451 2 . 8 4 0 1I 1,44509 2174,0 376099 692
    693 480249 332812 557 26,3249 8,8493 2,84073 1,44300 2177 ,l 377187 693
    694 481636 334255384 26,3439 8,8536 2.84136 1,44092 2 1 E 03, 378276 694
    695 483025 335702375 26,3629 8,8578 2.84198 1,43S65 2183,4 379367 695
    696 484416 337r53 536 26,3818 8,8621 2,8426I 1,43679 21t6,5 380459 696
    697 485609 338608873 26,4008 8,8663 2,8,4323 1,43472 2189,7 381553 697
    698 487204 340068392 26,4197 8,8706 2,84396 1,43266 2 r92.8 382645 698
    699 488601 341532099 26,4386 8,8748 2,84448 1,43062 2 196,0 383746 699

    343000000 26,4575 B,8790 2,84510 1,42857 2 199,1

    701 491401 344472t01 26,4764 9,8833 2,84572 1,42653 2202,3 3 85945 70r
    702 492804 345948408 26,4953 8,8875 2,84634 1,42450 2205,4 387 017 702
    703 494209 347428927 26,5141 8,8917 2,84696 |,42248 220s,5 3 8 81 5 1 703
    704 495616 348913664 26,5330 8,8959 2,84757 1,4i045 2211,7 389256 704
    705 497 025 350402625 26,5518 8,9001 2 ,E 4 8 1 9 l,4ls44 2214,8 390363 705
    706 498 436 351695816 26,5707 8,9043 2,848t.0 1,41643 2218,0 391471 706
    707 499 E49 353393243 26.5E95 8,9085 2,8,4942 I,41443 2221,1 3 9 25 € 0 707
    708 501264 354894912 26,e083 8,9127 2,8i003 1,41243 2224,2 383692 708
    709 502 681 356400829 26,627t 9,9169 2,85065 1,41044 2227,4 394t05 709

    3579l I 26,6458 8,9211 2,85126 I,40845 2 230,5

    7tl 505521 359425431 26,6646 8,9253 2.85187 1,40647 2233,7 397035 7tl
    712 506944 360944128 26,6833 8,9295 2,85248 1,40149 2 236.8 398153 712
    7t3 508369 362467097 26,7021 8,9337 2,85309 1.40252 2 240,0 399272 713
    509796 363994344 26,7208 8,9378 2,85370 1;40056 2243,1 400393 714
    714 7t5
    715 5ll 225 365525875 26,7395 8,9420 2,t5431 1,398€0 2246,2 4 0 15 1 5
    716 512656 367061696 26,7582 8,9462 2,85491 I ,39665 2 249,4 402639 716
    717 514039 368601813 26,7769 8,9503 2,85552 I,39470 2 252,5 403765 717
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    719 516961

    5 1 84 0 0 sz3248o* 26,8328 8,9628 2,85733 1,38889 2261,9 407150


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    519841 374805361 26,8514 8,9670 1,38696 2265,r 408282 721
    721 409415 722
    722 521284 376367048 26,8701 8,9711 1,38504 2268,2
    723 522729 377933067 26,8887 8,9752 1,38313 2271,4 410550 723
    724 524176 379503424 26,9072 8,9794 1,38122 2274,5 4ll 687 724
    725 525625 381078125 26,9258 8,9E35 1,37931 2277,7 4t2625 725
    726 527076 382657176 26,9444 8,9876 1,37741 2280,8 413965 726
    727 528529 384240583 26.9629 8,9918 1,37i52 2 283,9 4 1 51 0 6 727
    728 529984 385828352 26,9815 8 ,9959 I ,37363 2287.1 416248 i28
    729 531441 387420489 27,0000 9 ,C 0 0 0 1,37174 2290,2 417393 729

    730 532900 389017000 27,0185 9,0941 2,86332 I ,36996 2 293,4 418539


    24 PA?.4EJI NEPBbIE. OEIqHN

    Ilpodoturceuue ra6n. I-2


    3
    1/; lgn

    731 534361 390617891 27,0370 9,0092


    732 535824 2,86392 1,36799 4196S6
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    733 537289 393832837 27,0740 9,O164 420835 732
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    733
    735 540225 397065375 27,ll0g 9,0246 423138 734
    736 541696 2,86629 I,36054 424293
    398688256 27,1293 9,0297 2,86699 1,35670
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    738 544644 2,86747 I ,35685 426f,04
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    739 546l2l 403583419 1,35501 427762 738
    27,1846 9,0410 2,86964 l,353lg 2321,6 428922 739

    740 547600 405224000 I


    27,2029 9,0450 2,86923 | 1,35135 2324,8 4Boos4
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    743 552049 4I0 I 72 407 27,2580 9,0572 4324r2 742
    744 2,g70gg 1,34590 433578
    553536 4lt 93,0784 27,2764 9,0613 2,97157 743
    745 555025 1,34409 434746 7M
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    746 556516 4 1 51 6 09 3 5 27,3130 9,0694 435916 745
    747 2,67274 1,34049 437037
    558009 416832723 27,3313 9,0735 2,97322 746
    748 559504 l,33g69 438259 747
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    749 561001 420169749 27,3679 439433 748
    9,0glg 2,87449 1,33511 440609 749

    750 562500 421875000 27,3961 e,oE56i ,,rrrou 1,33333 2 356,2 44t 786 750
    I

    7 51 564001 423564751 27,4A44 9,0396


    752 2,67564 1,33156 2359,3 442965 751
    565.';01 425259003 27.4226 9,0937 2,97622
    753 567009 l,32g7g 2 362,5 444146 752
    426957777 27,4403 I.0J77 2,87679 I,32802
    754 5 6 85 1 6 428661064 2 365,6 445328 753
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    9,ll7g 2.87967 l,3l926 2391,3 451262
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    1,31752 2394,5 452453 759

    577 600 438976000 27,5691 9 ,l 2 5 g 2,Bg0sl l,3l57g 2 397,6 453 646 760

    76r 579l2l 4407n03t 27,5962 9,l2gg 2,ggl3g


    762 1,31406 454841 761
    580644 4+2450728 27,e0+3 9,1339 2 ,g E 9
    l 5 1,31234
    763 5S2169 444 194947 27.6225 456037 762
    I 1378 2,89252 1,31062 457234
    764 583696 4459437M 27,6405 763
    9,l4lB 2,88309 I ,303E0 458434
    765 5,35215 447 697 t25 27,6556 9,l45g 764
    766 2,99366 I,307lg 459635 765
    586756 449 455 096 27,6767 9, l49g 2,89423 1,30549
    767 5882.',9 4 i t l 2 1 76 6 3 27,6949 460837 766
    9,1537 2,89490 I,30379 462041
    768 589ti2.1 452 9S4832 27,7128 767
    9,1577 2,88536 1,30209 463247
    769 591361 454 756609 27,7308 768
    9,1617 2,gg5g3 1,30039 464454 769

    770 592900 456533000 27,7499 9,1657 2,gg649 1,29970 2 419,0 465663


    TJIABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA

    [Ipodonucenue ra6tt^ I-z

    I 000 xnz
    lgn
    {; n

    771 594441 4 5 83 1 40 l t 2 7 ,7 6 6 9 I, r696 2,88705 2 422,2 466873 771


    772 595984 460 099648 27 ,7849 I 1736 2,96762 2 425,3 4680E5 772
    773 597529 4 6 18 t9 9 1 7 27,L029 I,1775 2 , 8 8 6I 8 2 428,5 469298 773
    774 599076 463 684824 27.8209 9,1815 2,86E 74 2 431,6 470513 774
    775 600625 465 434375 2 7 ,t3 8 8 9,1t55 2,83930 2 434,7 471730 775
    776 e,02176 467288 576 2 7 ,.S5 6 8 9,IE94 2,9t986 2437,9 472948 776
    777 603729 469097433 2 7 ,8 7 4 7 9,1933 2,69012 2U|,0 474168 777
    778 6052"q4 470910952 27,E927 9,1973 2.8S098 2444.2 475389 778
    779 606t4l 472729 139 27 ,9106 9,2012 2,89154 2447,3 476612 779

    780 608400 j 27,s285


    474552000 9,2052 2,69209 1,28205 2 450,4 M7 836 780

    781 609961 476379541 27,9464 9,2091 2 ,89265 l,2g04l 2453,6 479062 78t
    782 6tt 524 478211768 27,9643 9,2130 2,69321 1.27677 2 456,7 4t0 290 782
    783 6130r,9 4:0 048687 27.9821 9.2t70 2,t9376 1,27714 2459,9 4 8 15 1 9 783
    784 614ri56 4 8 1u 9 0 : 0 4 28.0000 9,2209 2.t9432 1,27551 2 463,0 482750 7E4
    785 616225 453736625 28,0179 9,2248 2,894t7 1,273E9 2 466,2 483982 Toqb
    786 617796 4E55876,56 28,0,357 9,2287 2,t9542 1,27226 2 469,3 485216 7t6
    787 6 1 93 6 9 487443403 2S.05-?5 9,2326 2.8S597 1,270(5 2 472,4 486451 787
    788 620944 489303b72 28,0713 9,23C5 2 .t9653 1,26904 2 475,6 487688 788
    789 622521 491169069 28,0891 9,2404 2,69708 1,26743 2 478,7 488927 789

    790 624loo +oeo3eooo 2 8 , 1 0 6 9 9,2443 2,89763 1,26582 24gI,9 4so167 tno


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    791 625681 494913671 28.1247 9,2452 2,EgSl8 1,26122 2 485,0 491409 791
    792 627264 49679.3088 28,1425 9.2521 2,89,>73 1,262{13 2 48,8,1 492652 792
    7e3 628849 498677'57 28,1003 9,250
    f 2,t9927 1,26103 2 491,3 493E97 793
    794 630436 500566184 2 8 ,l 7 t 0 9,2i=r99 2.6e982 1, 2 5 9 4 5 2 494,4 495143 794
    795 632015 502459875 28,1957 9,2638 2,S0037 I ,257t6 2 497,6 496391 795
    796 633616 504356336 28,2135 I,':C77 2,90091 1,25628 2500,7 497641 796
    797 635209 506261573 28,2312 9,2716 2,90146 1,25471 2 503,8 498892 797
    798 636804 503169592 28.2489 9.2754 2,90200 1.25313 2507,0 500145 798
    799 638401 5r0 082399 2S:2666 9,2793 2,90255 1,25156 2510,1 501399 799

    512000000 28,2843 9,2832 2,90309 1,25000

    801 641601 5 1 39 2 24 0 1 2g,3019 9,2870 2,90363 1,24844 2516,4 503912 801


    643204 5 1 56 4 9e 0 8 29,3196 9,2909 2,90417 1,246S8 2 5 1 9 , 6 5 0 5r 7 1 802
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    805 806
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    28,4429 9,3179 2:sOie5 1 , 2 3 6 0 9 2541,5 514028 E09
    809 654481 529 475 129

    656100 531441000 28,4605 9,321V 2,90849 1,23457 2544,7 515300 810


    810

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    813 660969 537367797 2 551,0 517848 812
    28,5132 9,3332 2,91009 1,23001 2 554,1
    814 662596 539353144 28.5307 9,3370 519124 813
    815 664225 2,91062 I,22950 2 557,3 s20 402 814
    54t 343375 28,5492 9,3409 2,glI16 l,22699
    816 665856 543338496 2560,4 52168l 815
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    820 672400 551368000 28,6356 9,3599 2,91391 l,2l95l 2576,1 528102

    821 674041 553387661 28,6531 9.3637


    822 2,91434 1,21803 2579,2 529391 821
    675684 555412248 28,6705 9,3675 2,gl4g7
    823 677329 1,21655 2582,4 530681 822
    55744t 767 2g,6gt0 9,3713 2,91540 1,21507
    824 678976 559476224 2 595,5 531973 823
    825
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    6t0 625 56t 515625 28,7228 9,37gg 2,91645
    626 662276 l,2l2l2 2591,9 534562 825
    5ffi r59 976 28,7402 9,3927 2,g169g I,21065
    827 68392J 565e09283 2 595,0 535858 826
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    828 685584 567663552 28,7750 537t57 827
    9,3902 2,91903 1,20773 2601,2 538456 828
    829 687241, 569722780 28,7924 9,3940 2,glg55 |,20627 2604,4 53975E 829

    688900 571787000 28,g0g7 9,3979 2,9lg0g 1,20482 2 607,5 541061

    831 690561 573856l9l 28,B27l 9,4016


    832 2,gl960 1,20337 2 610,7 542365 831
    692224 575930368 28,9444 9,4053 2,92012
    833 693889 I,20l92 26 1 3 , 8 543671 832
    578009537 28,9617 9,4091 2,92065 I,20049
    834 695556 580093704 2616,9 5M979 833
    2g,679l 9,4129 2,g2ll7 l, 19904 2620,1
    835 697225 582162875 28,8964 546288 834
    9,4166 2,92169 1,19760 2 623,2 547599
    836 698S96 584277056 28 9137 835
    837 700569
    9,4204 2,92221 1,19617 2 626,4 5489r2 836
    586376253 28,9310 9,4241 2,92273 l,lg474 2 629,5
    838 702244 5884t0472 28,9492 550226 837
    9,4279 2,92324 1,19332 2632,7 551541
    839 703921 590589719 29,9655 838
    9,4316 2,92376 I, lglg0 2 635,9 552858 839

    705 600 592704000 28,9929 9,4354 2,92429 1,lg04g 2638,9 554177 840

    84l 707281 594823321 29,0000


    842
    9,4391 2,92490 l,19906 2642,1 555497 841
    70s964 596947688 29 0172 9,4429 2,92531 I ,19765
    843 7r0 649 599077t07 2645,2 556819 842
    29,0345 9,4466 2,92533 1,19624 2649,4 55S142
    644 7t2 336 6 0 12 l l 5 8 4 29,0517 843
    845
    I 4503 2,92634 l, lg4s3 2651,5 559467 844
    714025 e03351125 29,0689 9,4541 2192696 1,18343
    846 7157t6 605495736 2654,6 560794 845
    29,0:61 9,4578 2,92737 l,16203 2657,9 562122
    847 7r7 409 607645423 29,1033 846
    9,4615 2,92799 I ,18064 2660,9 563452 847
    84S 719104 609800192 29,1204
    849
    9.4652 2,92840 l,l7g25 2664,1 564783 848
    720801 6r1 960049 29,1376 9,4690 2,92991 1,17786 2667,2 566I 16 849

    722500 614125000 29,1549 9,4727 2,92942 1,17647 2670,4 567450


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    852 725904 618470208 29,1690 9,4E01 2,93044 l,1737l 2676,6 s70124 852
    853 727609 620 650477 29,2062 9,4838 2,93095 1,17233 2 679,8 57r 463 853
    854 7 2 93 1 6 622 835864 29 ,2233 9,4875 2,93146 1,17096 2682,9 572803 854
    855 731025 62s 026375 29,2404 9,4912 2,g3rg7 l,16959 2 686,I 574 146 855
    856 732736 627 2220t6 29,2575 9,4949 2,93247 I ,16822 2 689,2 575 490 e56
    857 731449 629 422793 29.2746 g,49g6 2,93299 l,16696 2692,3 576835 857
    858 736164 6 3 16 2 87 1 2 29,2916 9,5023 2,93349 I,16S50 2 695,5 578 182 858
    859 737881 633 839 779 2 9 ,3 0 9 7 9,5060 2,93399 l, 16414 2 698,6 579530 859

    636056000 29,3258 9,5097 2,93450 1,16279 2 7 0 1, 9 ,rorroI ,uo


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    861 74132r 638277381 29,u2B 9,5134 2,93500 1,16144 2704,9 582232 861
    862 7430M 640503928 29,3598 9,5171 2,93551 1,16009 2708,1 583585 862
    863 744769 642735647 29,3769 9,5207 2,93601 l,15875 2 7 1 1, 2 584940 863
    864 746496 644972544 29.3939 9.5244 2,93651 l,l574l 2714,3 586297 864
    865 748225 647214625 29,4109 9,52S1 2,93702 1,15607 2 7 1 7, 5 587655 865
    866 749956 649461896 29,4279 9,5317 2,93752 1,15473 2720,6 5890r4 866
    867 751689 651714363 29,4M9 9,5354 2,93802 l, 15340 2723,8 590375 867
    868 753424 653972032 29,4619 9,5391 2 ,93852 1,15207 2726,9 591738 868
    869 7 5 51 6 1 656234909 29,4788 9,5427 2,93902 1,15075 2730,0 593102 869

    - : t r l - l
    8 7 0 1 7 5 6 9 0 0 1 6 5 8 5 0 3 0 0 0 12 9 , 4 9 5 8 I 9,5464 | 2,93952 1, 14943 2733,2 594 468 870
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    872 760384 663054848 29,5296 9,5537 2,94052 1,14679 2739,5 597204 872
    873 762129 665338617 29,5466 9,5574 2,9410r I,14548 2742,6 598575 873
    874 763876 667627624 29,5635 9,5610 2,g4l5l 1,14416 2745,8 599947 874
    875 765625 669221875 29,5804 I,5647 2,94201 l,14286 2748,9 601320 875
    876 767376 67222r376 29,5973 9,5683 2,94250 1,14155 2752,O 602696 876
    877 769129 674526133 29.6142 9,5719 2,94300 1,1.1025 2755,2 604073 877
    878 770884 676836r52 29,631I 9,5756 2,94349 1,13895 2758,3 605451 878
    879 77264r 679151439 29,6479 9,5792 2,94399 l,13766 2761,5 6 0 68 3 1 .879

    774400 681472000 29,6649 9,5828 2,94448 l,13636 2764,6

    881 776t6r 683 797841 29,6916 9,5865 2,94498 I ,13507 2 7 6 71 7 609595 881
    882 777924 686 128968 2 9 ,6 9 8 5 9,5901 2,94547 1,13379 2770,9 6109i0 882
    883 7796E9 688 465 387 29,7153 I ,5937 2,94596 1,13250 2774,0 612366 883
    884 781456 6 9 0t0 7 1 0 4 29,7321 9,5973 2,94645 l,l3l22 2777,2 613754 884
    885 783225 6 9 3 1 5 41 2 5 29,7489 9,6010 2,94694 1,12994 2 760,3 6 1 51 4 3 885
    8t6 784996 695 506 456 2 9 ,7 6 5 8 9,6046 2,94743 I ,12967 2783,5 616534 886
    887 786769 697 864 103 29,7825 9,6092 2,94792 1,12740 2786,6 6t7 927 887
    888 788544 700227072 29,7993 9 , 6 11 B 2,94841 1,12613 2789,7 6 1 93 2 1 888
    889 79032r 702 595369 2 9 ,E 1 6 1 9,6154 2,94890 l,12486 2792,9 62Q717 889

    792t00 704969000 29,8329 9,6190 2,94939 I ,12360 2796,0 622114


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    891 793881 707347971 29,8496 9,6226 2,94gSB | ,12233 2799,2 623513 891
    892 795664 709732288 29,9664 9.6262 2.95036 l,l2103 2E02,3 6 2 49 1 3 892
    893 797449 712t2r 957 29,6831 9,6299 2,950S5 I , I 19.S2 2 t 05,4 6 : 63 t 5 893
    894 799236 7 1 45 1 69 8 4 29,8999 9,6334 2,95134 I , I l.\57 2E09,6 627718 E94
    895 801025 716917375 29,9166 9,6370 2,95192 1,11732 2 8ll ,7 629124 695
    896 802816 719323136 29,9333 9,6406 2,95231 l, I 1607 2 8 1 49 630530 896
    897 804e09 72t 734273 29,9500 9,6442 2,95279 l,ll4E3 2 8 1 80, 631938 897
    898 806404 724t50 792 29,9666 9,6477 2,95329 l, I 1359 2E21,2 633348 898
    899 808201 726572699 29,9933 9,6513 2,95376 l, I 1235 2 824,3 634760 899

    900 810000 729000000 30,0000 9,6549 2,95424 l,lllll 2827,4 636173 900

    90r 8ll 801 73t 432701 30,0167 9,6585 2,95472 l,10969 2830,6 637587 901
    902 813604 733870808 30.0333 9,6620 2,95521 l,lo.c65 2e33,7 639003 902
    903 8I5 409 736314327 30,0500 9,6656 2,95569 1,10742 2836,9 MO 421 903
    904 8r7 2t6 738763264 30,0066 9,6692 2 956t7 1,10'il9 2 8 1 00, 6 4 18 4 0 904
    905 819025 74t 2r7 625 30,0332 9,6727 2,95665 1, 10.+97 2 ce43,I 6+3261 905
    906 820836 743677416 30,0998 9,6763 2,95713 1,10375 2846,3 644683 906
    907 822649 746142643 3 0 ,I 1 6 4 I ,6799 2,95761 1,10254 2 t,49,4 6+6107 907
    908 824464 748613312 30,1330 9,6934 2,9it09 I ,10132 2852,6 647533 908
    909 826281 751089429 30,1496 9,6870 2,95856 1, 1 0 0 1 1 2855,7 ils 960 909

    t.
    910 828100 75357rooo
    I 30,1662 9,6905 2,95904 1,09E90 2858,8 e50338 9i0
    I

    911 829921 756058031 30,1828 9,6941 2,95952 1,09796 2862,0 e 5 1S 1 8 911


    912 831744 758550528 30.1993 9,6976 2,95999 1.09149 2t6:,1 653250 912
    913 833569 761048497 30,2159 9,7012 2,9F047 I ,095:g 2 8 6 s3 6,i4684 913
    914 835396 763551944 30,2324 I.70+7 2,96095 1 .09-09 2 8 7 1, 4 6i6 I lS 914
    915 837225 766060875 30,2490 9,7082 2,96142 1.09t90 2874,6 CC/ DJD 915
    916 839056 768575296 30,2655 9,71l8 2,96190 1,09170 2E77,7 65) 99 3 9r6
    917 840889 77t 0952t3 30,2820 9,7153 2.96237 I ,09051 28[0,8 ecO433 917
    9r8 842724 77362Affi2 30,2985 9,7168 2,96284 I ,0,)932 2 8 1 4 0, 661E74 9r8
    919 844561 776151559 30,3150 9,7224 2,96332 1,03614 2 8 8 7I, 663317 919

    I
    I

    920 846400 778688000 30.3315


    , II I .7259 2,96379 1,05696 2 690,3 664761 920
    I

    921 848241 781229961 30,34E0 9,7294 2,96426 I ,03579 2893,4 666207 921
    922 850084 783777448 -q0,3645 9,7329 2,96473 1 0ti4c0 2896,5 667654 922
    923 851929 786330467 30,3809 9 73,64 2,90520 1, 0 s 3 4 2 2899,7 6e9103 923
    924 853776 788889024 30,3974 9,7400 2.98557 1,0s225 2902,8 6;0 554 924
    925 855625 791453125 30,4138 9,7435 2,96614 I.0i108 2 9 0 60 672006 925
    926 857476 794022776 30,4302 9,7470 2,9{i661 1,07991 2 9 0 9 I. 673460 926
    927 859329 796597983 30,4467 9,7,' -05 2,96709 I ,07.q75 2912.3 6 7 49 1 5 927
    928 861184 799178752 30.4631 9 , 7 5i 0 2,96755 1.07759 2915,4 676372 928
    929 863041 801765089 30,4795 9,7575 2,96t02 1,07643 29 1 8 , 5 677831 929

    930 864900 804357000 30,4959 9,7610 2,96949 1,07527 2921,7 67929r 930
    nNABA TIEPBAfl. MATEMATHRA
    29
    Ilpodoncrenuera6n. I-2

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    931 866761 E06954491 30.5123 9,7M5 2,96E95 l,o74ll 2924,8 680752 931
    932 868624 609557568 30,52tJ7 9,76t0 2,96942 1,07296 2928,0 682216 932
    933 B70459 8 1 21 6 6 2 3 7 30.5450 9,7715 2,96988 1,07191 2931,1 683680 933
    934 872356 8t4 7S0504 30 5614 9,7750 2,97035 1,07066 2934,2 685147 934
    935 874225 817400375 30,5778 9,7785 2,97081 1,06952 2937,4 686615 935
    936 876096 820025856 30,5941 9.7819 2,97128 l,06g3g 2940,5 688084 936
    937 E77969 822656953 30,6105 9,7954 2,97174 |,06724 2943,7 689555 937
    938 879844 825293672 30,6269 9,7889 2,97220 1,06610 2946,9 691028 938
    939 88l 721 827936019 30,6431 9,7924 2,97267 1,06496 2950.0 692502 939

    I
    940 BB3600 | SaO584oo0 30,6594 9 ,7959 2,97313 1,06383 | , 693978
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    941 885481 83323762t 30,6757 9,7993 2,97359 1,06270 2956,2 6 95455 941
    942 887364 835196888 30,6920 9,E028 2,97405 1,06157 2959,4 6 96934 942
    943 8t9 249 838561807 30.7033 9,t063 2,97451 1,06045 2 962,5 698415 943
    944 6 9 11 3 6 B4r232384 30,7246 9,8097 2,97497 I ,05932 2965,7 699897 944
    945 693025 843908625 30.7409 9,8132 2,97543 l;05820 2 968,8 701380 945
    946 894916 846590536 30,757t 9,8167 2.97589 1,05708 2971,9 702865 946
    947 896t09 849278t23 30,7734 9,8201 2,97635 1,05597 2975,1 704352 947
    948 898704 9."I 971392 30,7896 9.8236 2,97681 1,05485 2978,2 705840 948
    919 900601 85467034v 30,t058 9',8270 2,97727 1,05374 2981,4 707330 949

    950 902500 857375000 30,8221 9,8305 1,05263

    951 904401 8,e00E5351 30,8383 9,8339 z.gzsrs 1,05152 2987,7 7 1 03 1 5 951


    952 906dl04 E 6 2 t 0 l4 0 3 30,8545 9,8374 2,97864 1.05042 2990,8 711809 952
    953 908209 865523177 30,8707 9.8408 2,97909 1.04932 2 993,9 713306 953
    954 9 1 0I l 6 t68 250664 30,8E69 9,8443 2.97955 | ,04822 2997,1 714603 954
    955 912025 870983875 30,9031 9,8477 2,9c000 1,04712 3 000,2 716303 955
    955 913936 8737228t6 30.9192 9 , 8 5 I1 2.98046 1,04603 3 003,4 7t7 804 956
    957 915849 876467493 30.9354 9,E546 2,9t091 1,04493 3 006,5 719306 957
    958 917764 8792t7 9t2 30.9516 9.8580 2,98137 1,04384 3 009,6 720810 958
    959 9 1 96 8 1 881974079 30,9677 9,6614 2,98182 1,04275 3012,8 722316 959

    884736000 30,9839 9,6648 2,98227 1,04167

    961 92352r t87 503681 31,0000 9,8683 2,98272 1,04167 3019,1 725332 961
    962 925444 890277l2B 3l ,0161 9, cS 7l 7 2,98318 1,03950 3022,2 726842 962
    963 927369 893056347 31,0322 9,8751 2,98363 1,01842 3 025,4 728354 963
    964 929296 895s4l 344 3l ,0483 9,8785 2,98408 |,03734 3 028,5 729867 964
    965 93r 225 t98 632125 31,0644 9,8819 2,98453 | .03627 3 031,6 731382 965
    966 933156 901428696 31,0t05 9.E854 2,98498 1,03520 3 034,8 732899 966
    967 935069 90+231063 3l ,0966 9 8888 2,98543 1,03413 3 037,9 734417 967
    968 937024 s07039232 3l,ll27 9,E922 2,985E8 1,03306 3 0 4 1I, 735937 968
    969 938961 909853209 31,1288 9,6956 2,99632 1,03199 3044,2 737458 969

    912673000 31,1448 2,98677 1,03093


    PA?,4,EJI NEPBHN. OEWHN

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    97r 942841 9 t 54 9 86 1 1 31,1609 9,9024 2,98722 1,02997 3 050,5 740506 971


    972 944784 9r8 330048 31,1769 9,9058 2,99767 r,02ggl 3 053,6 742032 972
    973 946729 92t t67 317 31,1929 9,9092 2,9981I 1,02775 3 056,8 743559 973
    974 948676 924010424 31,2090 9,9126 2,99956 1,02669 3 059,9 7450SB 974
    975 950625 926859375 31,2250 9,9160 2,99900 1 , 0 2 5 6 4 3 063,I 746619 975
    976 952576 9297r4t76 3l,24lO 9,9194 2,98945 1,02459 3 066,2 74S151 976
    977 954529 932574833 31,2570 9,9227 2,9d999 1,02354 . 3 0 6 9 , 3 7496"q5 977
    978 956484 93544r 352 31,2730 9,9261 2,99034 1,02249 3072,5 75r 221 978
    979 958441 938313739 31,2890 9,9295 2,99079 1,02145 3 075,6 752758 979

    960400 9 4 1 t9 2 0 0 0 31,3050 9,9329 2,99123 I ,02041 3 079,9 754296 9S0

    981 962361 944076141 31,3200 9,9363 2,99167 1,01937 3081,9 755837 981
    982 964324 946966168 31,3369 9,9396 2 , g g 2Il l,0lg33 3035,0 757378 982
    983 966289 949862087 31,3528 9,9430 2,99255 l,0l72g 30;8,2 758922 9,i3
    984 968256 952763904 31,3688 9,9464 2,99300 1,01626 3091,3 760466 984
    985 970225 955671625 31,3847 9,9497 2,99344 1,01523 3 094,5 7620t3 985
    986 972196 958585256 31,4006 9,9531 2,gg3Eg 1,01420 3 097,6 763561 936
    987 974169 961504803 31,4166 9,9565 2,99432 l,0l3l7 3 100,9 7 6 5n l 937
    988 976t44 964430272 31,4325 9,9598 2,99476 1,01215 3103,9 766662 988
    989 978t2r 967361669 31,4484 9,9632 2,99520 1,01112 3107,9 768214 989

    990 980100 970299000 3l ,4643 9,9666 2,99564 1,01010 3 110,2 769769

    991 982081 973242271 3 l , 4 9 0 2 9,9699 2,99607 l,00g0g 3113,3 771325 991


    992 984064 976l9l 488 3 1 , 4 9 6 0 9,9733 2,99651 1,00,06 3116,5 7728d2 992
    993 986049 979t46 657 3 l , 5 1 l 9 9,9766 2,99695 1,00705 3I19,6 774441 993
    994 988036 982107754 31,5278 9,9800 2,99739 1,00604 3122,7 776002 994
    995 990025 985074875 3 1 , 5 4 3 6 9,9833 2,99782 I ,00503 3 125,9 777564 995
    996 992016 988047936 3 1 , 5 5 9 5 9,9966 2,99826 I .00402 3129,0 779128 996
    997 994009 991026973 3 1 , 5 7 5 3 9,9900 2,99370 I ,00301 3 132,2 7r0 693 997
    998 996004 99401| 992 3 1, 5 9 1
    I 9,9933 2,99913 I ,00200 3 135,3 782260 998
    999 998001 997002999 3 1 , 6 0 7 0 9;9967 2,99957 I ,00100 3139,5 783828 999

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    TJIABA NEPBAfl . MATE-I/IATHKA
    3l

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    32 0, ir585 0,0397 1 4 ,4 2 0,5513 0,01429 108 1,6850 0,4122 4,57 1,6160 0,46695
    34 0, 5934 0,0437 13,59 0 ,5 8 4 7 0 , 0 1 7I 1 Il0 I,9lgg 0,4264 4,50 1,6393 0,49008
    36 0, 62" q3 0 ,04E9 1 2 ,t4 0.61t0 0,02027 tt2 I ,9549 0,4409 4,43 0,51379
    38 0, 6632 0,0545 ,6581
    12,17 0 , 6 5 1I 0,02379 fi 4 l,g8g7 0,4554 4,37 ,6773 0,53906
    40 0, 69t J l 0,0603 I I ,]18 0 ,6 9 4 0 0,02767 ll6 2,0246 0,4701 4,31 .6961 0,56299
    42 0,7330 0,06M 1 1, 0 4 0,7167 0,03195 ll8 2,0595 0 , 4 8 0I 4,25 | ,7143 0,53827
    44 0,7679 0,0728 I0,55 0 ,7 4 9 2 0 ,03664 120 2.0944 0, i 000 4,19 1,7321 0,61418
    46 0, E 02g 0,0795 1 0 ,l 0 0.7815 0,04176 t22 2,1293 0,5152 4,13 1,7492 0,64063
    48 0,8379 0.0;65 9,69 0.8135 0,01731 24 2,1642 0,5305 4.08 1,7659 0,66759
    50 0.8727 0,0937 9,31 0,8452 0,05331 26 2,1ggl 0,5460 4,03 1,7820 0,69505
    52 0,9076 0,1012 8,97 0,8767 0 05978 28 2,2340 0 ,i 6 l 6 3,98 1,7976 0,72301
    54 0, 9425 0,1090 8,65 0,90s0 0,06673 30 2,2689 0,5774 3,93 I ,8126 0,75144
    56 0,9774 0, l l 7 | 8,35 0 , 9 3 6 9 0 07417 32 2,3039 0,5934 3,88 1,8271 0,7E034
    5S 1,0123 0,1254 8,07 0 ,9 6 9 6 0 03212 34 2,3337 0 , e0 9 3 3,84 1,8410 0,80970
    60 1,0472 0,1340 7,81 I ,0 0 0 0 0,09059 36 2,3736 0,6254 3,80 I ,8544 0,83949
    62 1,0821 0.1428 7 ,56 I , 0 J 0 1 0,0gg5g 38 2,4086 0,6416 3,75 1,8672 0,96971
    64 l, I 170 0,1520 7,35 1 . 0 9 8 0 , 1 0 3I1 40 2,4435 0,65t0 3,71 1,8794 0,90034
    66 I ,1519 0,1613 7,14 1,0r93 42 2,479.4 0,0744 3,67 I ,8910 0,93135
    68 I , lg68 0,1710 6,94 I,lts4 44 2,5133 0,6910 3,64 1,9021 0,96274
    70 1,2217 0,1903 6.76 1,1472 46 2.5482 0,7076 3,60 1,9126 0,99449
    72 1,2566 0,1910 6,58 l, 1756 48 2,5831 0,2244 3,57 1,9225 1,02658
    74 1,2915 0 ,2 0 14 6,41 I ,2 0 3 6 50 2.61t0 0,7412 3,53 1,9319 I ,05900
    76 1,3265 0,2120 6,26 1,2313 52 2.gszg 0,758'1 3,60 I ,9406 I ,09171
    78 1.3614 0,2229 6,11 1,2 5 9 6 o,l9160 54 2',6979 0,7750 3,47 1,9487 1,12472
    60 1,3963 0,2340 5,97 1.2856 0,20573 56 0,7921 3,44 1,9563 l,15799
    62 1,4312 0,2453 5,83 I,3l2l 0,22045 58 0,8092 3,41 1,s633 1,19151
    B4 I ,4661 0.2559 5,71 1,3393 0 23i7& 60 0,8264 3,38 1,9696 1,22525
    86 1,5010 0,2686 5.59 I ,3 6 4 0 0 25t7t 62 0.8436 3,35 1,9754 1,25921
    88 1,5359 0,2807 5,47 1,3993 0,26925 61 o:s608 3,33 1,9805 1,29335
    90 1.5708 0.2929 5,36 1,4142 0,29540 66 0 ,g 7 g l 3,30 1,9851 1,32766
    92 1:6057 0,3053 5.26 1,4387 0,30316 68 2.9322 0.8955 3,27 1,9890 1,36212
    94 I , 6406 0,3180 5 1 6 1,4627 0,32152 70 2,9671 o;e12s 3,25 1,9924 1.39671
    96 I , 6755 0,3309 5 ,0 6 1,4863 0,34050 72 3,0020 0,93Q2 3,23 I ,9951 l',43140
    9B 1,7104 0,3439 4,97 I,5094 0,3e00s 74 3,0369 0,9477 3,20 1,9973 1.46617
    I00 1,7453 0,3572 4.89 1,5321 0,36026 76 3,0719 0,9651 3 ,r 8 1,9988 1;50lol
    t02 1,7902 0,3707 4,90 I ,5 5 4 3 0,40104 178 3,1067 0.9825 3,16 I ,9997 I ,53589
    104 l,gl5l 0,3843 4,72 I ,5 7 6 0 0,42242 1E0 3,1416 r;oooo 3,14 2,0000 I ,57080

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    0.000 1,000 0,000 90'00' 0,309 0,951 0.325 3,078 72'00'


    0,006 1,000 0,006 1 7 1 , 9 40' 0 , 3 1 5 0,949 0,331 3,018 40'
    0,012 I ,000 0 , 0 1 2 85,94 20' 0,320 0,947 0,339 2: e6o 20'
    0,017 1.000 0 ,o l 7 57,29 gg'00' 0 326 0,946 0,344 2,904 71"00'
    0,023 1,000 0,023 42,96 40' 0,331 o.944 0,351 2,850 40'
    0,029 I ,000 0 . 0 2 9 34,37 20' 0,337 0,942 o.357 2,798 20'
    0,035 0,999 0,035 28,64 88'00', 0,342 0,940 0,364 2,747 70'00'
    0,041 0,999 0 . 0 4 1 24,54 40', 0,347 0,939 0,371 2,699 40'
    0,047 0,ggg 0 . 0 4 7 21,47 20' 0,353 0,936 0,377 2,651 20'
    0,052 0,999 0,052 1 9 , 0 3 87"00', 0,358 0,934 0.384 2,605 69"00',
    0,058 0,ggg 0,058 17,17 40' 0.364 0,931 0,391 2,560 40',
    0,064 0.993 0,064 15,60 20' 0,369 0.929 0,397 2,517 20'
    0,070 0,993 0 , 0 7 0 1 4 . 3 0 86'00', 0.375 0,927 0,404 2,475 68'00'
    0,076 0.997 0,076 13,20 40', 0,3i0 0.925 0 , 4 11 2,434 40'
    0,0s1 0.997 0,0s2 12.25 20', 0,3s5 0,923 0,418 2,394 20'
    0,0s7 0,996 0,0s7 1 1, 4 3 85"C0', 0.391 0,921 0,424 2,356 67'00'
    0,093 0,996 0,093 10,71 40' 0,396 0,glg 0,431 2,318 40',
    0,099 0,995 0,099 10,08 20' 0,401 0,916 0.438 2,282 20',
    0,105 0.995 0,105 9 5 t 4 84'00' 0,407 0,914 0,445 2.246 66'00'
    0 .1 1 0 0.994 o,lll 9,010 40', 0,412 0.91I 0,452 2,211 40'
    o;ll6 0,993 0.117 8 556 20' o . 4 1 7 0 909 0,459 2,177 20'
    0,122 0,993 0.123 8 . 1 4 4 &3'00' o.423 0,1.06 0,466 2,145 65"00'
    0,128 0,992 0,129 7 .770 4X' 0,42E 0,904 0,473 2,112 40'
    0.133 0,991 0 .1 3 5 7,429 20, 0,433 0 901 0.431 2.081 20'
    o : 1 3 e 0,990 0.141 7 , 1 1 5 82"00', 0 , 4 3 8 0,u99 0.+ss 2,050 64'00'
    0,145 0,9t9 o:146 6,827 L0, o,4M 0,b.96 0,495 2,0?0 40'
    0 . 1 5 1 0.9r9 0,152 6,561 20', 0,4q9 0,894 0 502 1,991 20'
    0:156 0.9i8 0.15s 6 3 1 4 81000', 0,454 0,891 0,510 1,963 63'00'
    0 , 1 6 2 0,9u7 0.164 6,034 40' 0.459 0,998 0.517 1,935 40'
    0,I68 0,9s6 0.170 5,871 20' 0,464 0,986 0,524 1,907 20'
    0 . 1 7 4 0,9s5 0 ,1 7 6 5 , 6 7 1 60"00' 0.469 O,BB3 0,532 1, 8 8 1 62"00'
    0:17e 0,9s4 0 r82 5,495 40, 0 , 4 7 5 0 8t0 0,539 1,955 40'
    0 , 1 9 5 0,993 o.ras 5 . 3 0 9 20' 0.4-0 0,977 0.547 I ,l'129 20'
    0 , 1 9 1 0,9S2 0.194 5 , 1 4 5 79"00' 0 485 0,975 0 554 1,804 61"00'
    0.197 0.981 0.200 4,9c9 40' 0,490 o,972 0,562 1.780 40'
    0',202 0,979 o:206 4,843 20' 0,495 0,669 0 570 t,756 20',
    0,209 0,978 0,213 4 , 7 0 5 78'00', 0 500 0.666 0,577 r,732 60"00'
    0,214 0,977 0.219 4,574 40' 0,505 0,963 0,595 1,709 40'
    0 , 2 1 9 0,976 0',225 4,Mg 20' 0,510 0,960 0,593 I ,686 20'
    0,225 0.974 0,231 4 . 3 3 1 77'00', 0 . 5 1 5 0,957 0,601 1,664 59'00'
    0,231 0.973 0,237 4,129 40' 0,520 0,954 0,609 1,643 40'
    0,236 0.972 0,243 4,113 20' 0 , 52 5 0,951 o .o t z 1.621 20'
    0,242 0,970 0,249 4 , 0 1 I 76"00' 0 530 0.848 0,625 1;600 '58'00',
    0.248 0,969 0,256 3.914 40' 0,535 0,845 0,633 1.5s0 40'
    0,253 0.967 0,262 3,821 20', 0,540 0, E42 0,641 1;560 20',
    0,259 0,966 0.268 3 , 7 3 2 75'00', 0 545 0,939 0,649 I ,540 57"00'
    0 . 2 6 4 0 .964 0,274 3,647 40, 0 550 0,835 0,659 1,520 40'
    0 270 0,963 0,2u0 3,566 20' 0,554 0,932 0.666 1,501 20'
    0,276 0,961 0,287 3 , 4 8 7 74"00', 0,559 0,829 0.675 1,483 56"00'
    0,281 0,9e0 0,293 3.412 40' 0 564 0,926 0 683 1.464 40'
    0,287 0,9t8 0,299 3,340 20' 0 569 0 822 0,692 1,446 20'
    0.292 0,956 0,306 3 , 2 7 1 73"00' o 574 0.819 0,700 1.428 55000'
    0,298 0,955 0,312 3,204 40' 0,578 0,916 0,709 l,4ll 40'
    0,303 0,953 0,319 3,140 20', 0,593 0,812 0,718 1,393 20'

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    TJIABA NEPBAnI. MATEMATHKA
    33

    Ilpodonrcexue I-4

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    20', 0,606 0,795 0,763 1,311 40' 20' 0,673 0,739 0 , g lI I ,098 40,
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    40'00' 0,643 0,766 0,839 l,192 50'00' 45"00' 0,707 0,707 1,000 1,000 45'00'
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    0,3 I,350 0,741 0,305 1,045 0,291
    0,4 1,492 0,670 0,411 1,081 0,3E0 2,151
    0,5 1,649 0,607 0,521 1,128 0,462
    0r6 1,822 0,549 0,637 l,lg5 0,537
    0,7 2,014 0,497 0,759 1,255 0,604
    0,8 2,225 0,449 0,888 1,337 0,664
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    35
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    0,12 0,346 I,6213931 2,4926353 0,61 0,781 1,9605210 1,,7706473


    0,13 0.360 r ,6259548 2,45533E0 0,62 0,797 t,9717E32 . l,7Gis984
    0,14 t),371 1 ,6 3 0 5 7 5 i r 2,4209330 0 ,63 0,794 1,9833710 1,7572685
    0,ll; 0,3s7 1,6352{t67 2,3890165 0,64 0,900 1,9953028 I ,7507538
    0,16 0,400 I ,6399999 2,3592636 0,65 0,806 2,0075984 1,7-1+3:06
    o.t7 0,412 1,6448065 2,33140S6 0,66 0,812 2,0202794 I ,7:1.:0554
    0.18 0,42+ I ,6496782 2,3052317 0,67 0,818 2,0333694 l,73lE64B
    0,l9 0, ,13{j 1,6546167 2,2E05491 0,68 0,825 2,0466941 1,725 77i6
    0,20 0,447 I ,6536236 2,2572053 0,69 0,831 2, 0508816 I ,7 l 9 7E4B
    0,21 0,45S r.6647008 2,2350678 0 ,7 0 0,937 2,0753631 I ,7i3SS94
    o,22 0,469 1,6698501 2,2140225 0,71 0 ,s 4 3 2,0903727 1,70s0867
    0,23 0,479 1 ,6 7 5 0 7 3 4 2, 1939709 0,72 0,848 2,1059483 t,702 3740
    o,24 0,490 l .6803728 2,1748271 0,73 0,854 2,1221319 I ,6967+56
    0,25 0,500 I ,6857504 2 ,1 5 6 5 1 5 6 0,74 0,860 2,13E9702 I ,6912052
    0,26 0,1-l10 1,6912082 2,13E9702 0,75 0,666 2,1565156 1,6E 57504
    0,27 0,ir20 I ,6967486 2,t22l3lg 0,76 0,872 2,1748271 1,6503728
    0,28 0,529 1 ,7 0 2 3 7 4 0 2,1059483 0,77 0,877 2,1939709 I ,67c0734
    0,29 0,539 I ,7 0 8 0 8 6 7 2.0903727 0,7E 0,883 2,2140225 1,6695501
    0,30 0,548 1,7133894 2,0753631 0,79 0,889 2,23a0678 1,6i l 7008
    0,31 0,557 t,7 1 9 7 8 4 8 2,0608816 0 ,E 0 0,89,+ 2,2572053 1,6a,96236
    0,32 0,566 | ,7 2 5 7 7 5 6 2,0468941 0,81 0,900 2,2t05491 I ,6-46167
    0,33 0,574 1,7318648 2,0333694 0 ,82 0 ,905 2,3052317 1,6+96782
    0,34 0,ir83 I,7 3 6 0 5 5 4 2,0202791 0 ,E 3 0,91I 2,3314036 1,6+45065
    0,35 0,292 1 ,7 4 4 3 5 0 6 2,0075984 0,84 0,917 2,3592636 1,6.399999
    0,36 0,600 1,7it07538 1,9953028 0,95 o qr9 2,3E90165 1,6352567
    0,37 0,608 1,7572685 1,9833710 0,86 r 0,927 2,4209330 I ,6301755
    0,39 0,616 1,7638984 1,9717832 0,87 0,933 2,4553380 1,62a9548
    0,39 o 6r,x 1 ,7 7 0 6 4 7 3 1,96052i0 0 ,8 8 0 ,938 2,49263a3 1,6!1.3931
    0,40 0,632 1,7775194 1,9495677 0,89 0,943 2,5333345 1,617SS91
    0,41 0,6-+0 1,7845188 1,9389077 0,90 0,949 2,5780921 1,6124413
    o4) 0,6.18 1,7916501 1,9285263 0,91 0,954 2,6277733 1,6050486
    0,43 0,656 I,7989i80 1,91E4103 0,92 0,959 2,6835514 I ,6037097
    0,44 0,663 I , t063276 1,9085470 0,93 0,964 2,7470730 1, 0994232
    I ,8989249 0,94 0,970 2,8207525 1,5951882
    0,45 0,676 1, 8138"q39
    0,46 0,678 t,E215927 1,E895331 0,95 0,975 2,90s3372 1,5910035
    0,47 0,6s6 1,8294598 1,8803614 0,96 0,9s0 3 , 0 1 6112 5 I ,5:i65678
    0,48 0,693 1,8374914 1,8711002 0,97 0,9E5 3, 1558749 I ,5S27E03
    I ,8626103 0,98 0,990 3,3541414 I ,57 57399
    0,49 0,700 1,8456940
    t,8540747 0,gg 0,995 3,6956374 l,a7+74-cb
    0,50 0,707 1 ,8 5 4 0 7 1 7
    I ,8456940 0,991 0,995490 3,747758 1,57+3480
    0,51 0,714 I , E62640S
    1,8374914 0,992 0,995992 3,806076 I , o739520
    0,52 0,721 1,E714002
    1,8294598 0,993 0,996494 3,872253 I ,5; 35560
    0.53 0,728 I ,S S0 3 6 1 4
    1,8215927 0,994 0,996995 3,948723 1,57.31600
    0,54 c,735 I ,8395331
    - 1,S939249 I ,8138839 t1,995 0,997197 4,0392t-t7 I ,5727650
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    0,58 0,762 I .9285263
    1,7845188 0,999 0,999500 .t,841133 I ,5;0s360
    0,59 0,768 I ,9389077
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    10" 15" n" 25" 350 45"

    I 0,0175 0,0175 0,0175 0,0175 0,0175 0,0175 0,0175 o,or7b 0 , 0 1 7 5 0 , 0 1 7 5


    2 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0.0349 0,0349 0,0349
    3 0.0524 0,0524 0,0524 0,0524 0,0524 0.0524 0,0524 0.0524 0,0524 0,0524
    4 0,0698 0,0698 0,0699 0,0699 0,0699 0,0699 0,0698 0,Ocgg 0,0699 0,0699
    5 0,0873 0,0873 0,0973 0,0873 0,0E73 0,0873 0,0973 0,0.973 0,0973 0,0873
    6 0,1047 0,1047 0,1047 0,1047 0,1049 0,1048 0,104& 0,1049 0,1048 0,1048
    7 0,1222 0,1222 0,1222 0,1222 0.1222 0,1222 0,1223 o,1223 0.1223 0,1223
    I 0,1396 0, I396 0,1397 0,1397 0,1397 0, l3g7 0,1399 0,1398 0,l3gg 0,l3gg
    9 0,l57l 0,1571 0,1571 0,1572 0,1572 0,t572 0.1573 0,1573 0,1574 0,1575
    t0 0 , 1 74 5 0.t746 0,1746 0,1747 0,1747 0,1749 0',1749 0,1749 0,1750 0,1751
    II 0 ,l g 2 0 0,1920 0,l92l 0,1921 0,1922 0,1923 0,1924 0,1925 0,1926 0,1927
    t2 0,2095 0,2095 0,2095 0,2096 0,2097 0,2098 0,2099 0,2101 0,2102 0,2103
    l3 0,2269 0,2270 0,2270 0,2271 0,2272 0,2274 0,2275 0,2277 0,2279 0.2280
    l4 0,2444 0,2444 0,2445 0,2446 0,2448 0,2450 0,2451 0,2453 0.2456 0,2459
    t5 0,2618 0,2619 0.2620 0,2621 0,2623 0,2625 0,2628 0,2630 0,2633 0,2636
    t6 0,2793 0,2794 0,2795 0,2797 0,2799 0,2802 0,2804 0,2309 0,291I 0,2814
    t7 o,2967 0,2969 0,2970 0,2972 o,2975 0,2978 0,2ggl 0,2985 0,2989 0,2993
    l8 0,3142 0,3143 0 3145 0,3148 0,3151 0,3154 0,3159 0,3163 0,3167 0.3172
    l9 0,3317 0,3319 0,3320 0,3323 0,3327 0,3331 0,3336 0,3341 0,3347 0,3352
    20 0,3491 0,3493 0,3495 0,3499 0,3503 0,3509 0,3514 0,3520 0,3526 0,3533
    21 0,3666 0,3669 0 3671 0,3675 0,36E0 0,3695 0,3692 0,3699 0,3706 0,3714
    22 0,3840 0,3842 0,3846 0,3951 0,3856 0,3963 0,3871 0,3979 0,3897 0,3996
    23 0,4015 0,4017 0,4021 0,4427 0,4033 0,4041 0.4049 0,4059 0,4069 0,4079
    24 0,4190 0,4192 0,4197 0,4203 0,4210 0,4219 0',4229 0,4239 0,4250 0,4261
    25 0,4364 0,4367 0,4372 0,4379 0,4387 0,4397 0,4409 0,4420 0,4433 0,4446
    26 0,4539 0,4542 0,4549 0,4556 0,4565 0,4576 0,4599 0,4602 0,4616 0,4630
    27 0,4714 0,4717 0,4724 0,4732 0,4743 0,4755 0,4769 0.4784 0,4900 0,4816
    28 O,4B8B 0,4993 0,4899 0 4909 0,4921 0,4934 0,4950 0,4967 0,4995 0,5003
    29 0,5063 0,5069 0,5075 0,5096 0,5099 0,51l4 0,5132 0,5150 0,5170 0,5190
    30 0,5239 0,5243 0,5251 0,5263 0,5277 0,5294 0,5312 0,5334 0,5356 0,5379
    3l 0,5412 0,5418 0,5427 0,5440 0,5456 0,5475 0,5496 0,5519 0,5543 0,5568
    32 0,5597 0,5593 0,5603 0.5617 0,5635 0.5656 0,5679 0,5704 0,5731 0,5759
    33 o,5762 0,5769 0,5790 0,5795 0,5814 0,5837 0,5862 0,5990 0,5920 0,5950
    34 0,5937 0,5944 0,5956 0,5973 o,sgg+ 0,6018 0,6046 0,6077 0,6109 0,6143
    OD 0 , 6 1 lI. 0,6119 0,6133 0,6151 0,6173 0,6200 0,623i 0,6244 0,6300 0,6336
    36 0,6296 0,6295 0,6309 0,6329 0,6353 0 ,6383 0,6416 0,6452 0,6491 0,6531
    37 0,6461 0,6470 0,6496 0,6507 0,6534 0,6565 0,6602 0,6641 0,6694 0,6727
    38 0,6636 0,6646 0,6662 0,6685 0,6714 0,6749 0,6788 0 6831 0.6877 0,6925
    39 0 , 6 9 01 0,6821 0,6g39 0,6964 0,6E95 0,6932 0,6975 0,7021 0,7071 0,7123
    40 0,69E5 0,6997 0,7016 0,7043 0,7076 0,7116 0,7162 0,7213 0,7267 0,7323
    4l 0,7160 0,7173 0,7193 0,7222 0,7258 0,7301 0,7350 0,7405 0,7463 0.7524
    42 0,7335 0,7349 0,7370 o,7401 0,7440 0,7486 0,7539 0,7598 0,7661 0.7727
    43 0,7510 0,7524 0,7548 0,75E0 0,7622 0,7671 0,7728 0,7791 0,7E59 o,7931
    M 0,7685 0,7700 0,7725 o,77e0 0,7E0.1 0,7857 0 , 7 9 g1 0,79S6 0,[;059 0,8136
    45 0,7E59 0,7876 0,7903 0,7940 0,7987 0,E044 0 . 8 10 9 0,8188 0,8260 0,8343
    .NABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA
    37

    [Ipodoamenue ra6t. I-7

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    46 0,9034 0,9052 0,8080 0,8120 0,8170 0,8230 0,9300 0,9379 0,8462 0 . 8552
    47 0,9209 0,9227 0,8259 0,9300 0,8353 0,8418 0.8492 0,8575 0,8666 0,9761
    48 0,8384 0,9403 0,8436 0,8480 0,E537 0.8606 0,8685 0,8773 0,8970 .0,8973
    0,8579 0,8614 0.8661 0,8721 0,8794 0,8878 0,8972 0,9076 0,9186
    49 0,8559
    50 0,8834 0,8756 0,8792 0,8842 0, E905 0,ggg2 0,9072 0,9173 0,9283 0.9401

    0,8909 0,8932 0,9970 0,9023 0,9090 0,9172 0,9267 0,9374 0 , g 4 g l 0,9617


    5l 0,9575 0 , 9 7 0 1 0 , 9935
    52 0.9084 0,9108 0,9148 0,9204 0,9275 0,9361 0.9462
    0,9259 0,9294 0,9326 0,9395 0,9460 0 9551 0,9659 0,9778 0 , 9 9 1 2 1,0055
    53 0,9982 1 , 0 1 2 4 1,0277
    54 0,9434 0,9460 0,9505 0,9567 0,9646 0,9742 0,9855
    0,9609 0,9637 0,9683 0,9748 0,9832 0,9933 1,0052 1 , 0 1 8 7 1,0337 1,0500
    55

    0,9862 0,9930 1 , 0 0 1 8 1,0125 1,0250 1,0393 1,0552 1, 0725


    56 0,9784 0,9813 1,0952
    0,gg5g 0,9989 l.0u4l 1 , 0 1 1 2 1,0204 1,0317 1,0449 1,0600 I ,0768
    57 l ,0648 1,0807 1,0985 l,ll80
    58 1,0134 1,0166 1,0219 1,0295 1 , 0 3 9 1 I ,0509
    1,0398 1 , 0 4 7 7 I ,0578 1,0702 1,0848 l, l0l6 1,1204 1,1 4 1 1
    59 1,0309 |,0342 1,1643
    60 1,0484 1,0519 1,0577 1 , 0 6 6 0 I ,0766 1,0s96 l, 1049 1,1226 1,7424

    1,0659 1,0695 L,0757 1,0843 1,0953 1,1089 I ,1250 I ,1436 1,1646 1,L877
    6t l,1648 1,1868 1,2113
    62 1,0834 1,0872 1,0936 I ,1026 1, 1 l 4 l I ,1284 1,1452
    1,1009 1,1049 l,ll15 1 ,1 2 0 9 1,1330 1,1478 I,1655 1,8060 1,2093 I , 2351
    63 1, 1 8 5 9 1,2073 1,2318 1,2591
    64 I ,l l 8 4 1,L225 1,1295 1,1392 1,1518 I Je,74
    1,1474 1.t575 1,1707 1 , 1 8 6 9 1,2063 1,2288 7,2545 1, 2833
    65 I,1359 1,1402

    I ,1654 I,1759 1.1896 1,2065 1,2267 1,2503 1,2773 1,3076


    66 1,1534 1,1579 1,3321
    1,1709 1,1756 I, 1833 1,1943 1,2085 1,2262 1,2472 1,2719 1,3002
    67 1,2678 1,2936 1,3232 1,3568
    6B 1,1884 1,1932 1,2013 1.2127 7,2275 1,2458
    1,2i93 l,23ll 1,2465 I .2655 1,2885 1 , 3 1 5 4 1,3464 i ,3E17
    69 1,2059 1,2109 1,3372 1,3697 1,4068
    70 1,2234 I .2286 1,2373 1,2495 1,2655 I,2853 1,3092

    1,2553 1,2680 1,2845 1,3051 1,3299 1,3592 1,3931 1,4320


    7l l,24lo 1,2463 1,3812 1,4167 1,4574
    72 1,2585 1,2640 L,2733 1,2864 1,3036 1,3249 1,3507
    1,2913 1,3049 1,3226 1,3448 1,3715 1,4033 1,4033 1,4830
    73 1,2760 1,2817 1,4254 1.4640 1,5057
    74 1.2935 1,2994 1,3093 1,3234 1,3417 1,3647 1,3924
    1,3418 1,3608 1,3846 1,4134 1,4477 l',4879 1,5345
    ID 1;31r0 I,3171 1,3273

    1,3603 1,3800 1,4045 1,4344 1,4700 1,5118 1,5606


    76 I,3285 1,3348 1,3454 I ,5667
    1,3634 1,3788 1,3991 1,4245 1,4554 1,4923 1,5359
    77 1,3460 1,3525 1,4765 1,5147 1,5600 1.6130
    78 1,3636 1,3702 1,3814 1,3974 1,4183 1,4445
    I ,3995 1, 4 1 5 9 1,4374 1,4645 1,4976 1,5372 1,5842 1,6394
    79' I ,381
    I 1,3:379 1,5187 1,5597 1,6085 1,66e0
    80 1,3986 1.4056 1,4175 1,4344 1,4566 1,4846

    1,4530 1,4758 1,5046 1,5399 ,6328 I ,6926


    8l l,416l |,4234 1,4356 1.7193
    l,44ll 1,4536 1,4715 1,4950 1.5247 I ,5611 ,6572
    82 1,4336 1,5823 1,7462
    83 1,4512 1,4588 | .4717 1,4901 I ,5143 I ,5448 ,6817
    I ,5086 1,5335 l ,5649 1,6035 ,7062 1,7731
    84 1,4687 1,4765 1,4897 1,E001
    1,4942 1,5078 1,5272 1.5527 I ,5850 1,6248 ,7308
    85 1,4862

    1,5720 I ,6052 I ,6461 I ,6657 .7554 1,8271


    86 I , i;037 1, 5 1 2 0 1.5259 ,5457
    E7 1,5212 1,5297 I .5439 ,5603 1.5912 1,6253 I ,6673 I ,7184 ,zsot 1,8542
    I ,8613
    1,5474 I 5620 ,5829 1,6105 1,6454 1,6t86 1,7412 ,6047
    88 I ,5388 I ,7099 1,7640 1,90s4
    E9 1,5563 1,5651 l,5i;01 ,6015 r,6297 1,6656 ,8294
    1,6490 1,6858 1,7312 1,7868 ,8541 .1,9356
    90 I ,5739 I ,5828 l,5981 ,6200

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    38 Prc,qEJI NEPBb]8, OEIIIHf,

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    2 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 75 0,0l7lt
    3 0,0524 0.0524 0,0349 0,0349 0,0349 0,0.349 0,0349
    0,0524 0,0524 0,0524 0,0524 0,0524 0,0524
    4 0,0699 0,0699 0,0699 0,0699 0,0524 0,0524
    5 0,0973 0,0699 0,0699 0,0699 0,0699 0.0699 0,0699
    0,0873 0,0974 0,0974 0,()874 0,0974 0,0974 0,0974 0,0974 0,0874
    6 0, I 049 0,1049 0,1049 0,1049 0 ,l 0 4 g
    7 0,1224 0,1224 0,l04g 0,1049 0,I 049 0 ,I 0 4 g 0, I 049
    0,1224 0,1224 0,1225 0,122r) o,l22it
    8 0,l3gg 0,1400 0,1400 o,1225 0,t225 0,1225
    0,1400 0,1401 0 ,1 4 0 1 0 ,1 4 0I 0 ,l 4 0 l
    I 0,1575 0,1576 0 ,1 5 7 6 o,1577 0 ,1 4 0 1 0,1401
    l0 0,1751 0,1577 0,1577 0,1577 4,1577 0,1577 0,1577
    0,1752 0,1753 0,1753 0,1751 0,1754 0,1754 0,1754 0,1754 0,1754
    ll 0, I g2g 0, lg2g 0, lg30 0 ,l g 3 0 0 ,l g 3 1
    t2 0,2105 0,1931 0 ,l g 3 2 0,1932 0,1932 0,1932
    0,2106 0,2107 0,2109 0,2109 0,2109
    l3 0,2292 0,2294 0 , 2 1l 0 0 , 2 1l 0 0 , 2 1l 0 0,21l0
    0,2295 0,2296 0,2297 0,2299 0,2298
    t4 0,2460 0.2462 0,2299 0,22gg 0,2259
    0,2464 0,2465 0,2486 0,2467 0,2469 0,2468
    15 0,2639 0 2641 0,2643 0,2645 0,2646 0,2469 0,2469
    0,2647 0,2649 0.264S 0,2649 0,2649
    .16 0,2917 0,2920 0,2923 0,2825 0,2827 0,2929 0,2929 0,2829
    l7 0,2997 0,3000 0,3003 0,3006 0,2930 0,2930
    18 0,3009 0,3010 0,301I o , B o lI 0,3012 0,3012
    0,3177 0,3190 0,3195 0,3lgg 0,3lgl
    19 0,3357 0,3193 0,3194 0 , 3 19 4 0,3195 0,3195
    0,3362 0,3367 0,3371 0 3374 0,3377 0,3379
    20 0,3539 0.3545 0,3379 0,3379 0,3379
    0,3550 0,3555 0,3559 0,3561 0,3563 0,3564 0,3564. 0,3564
    2l 0,3721 0,3729 0,3734 o,3740 0,3744
    22 0,3904 0,3747 0,3749 0,3750 0,3750 0,3750
    0,3912 0,3glg 0,3926 0,3931 0,3935 0,3937
    23 0,4098 0,4097 0,3937 0,3939 0,3939
    0,4105 0,4113 0,4119 0.4123 0,4126 0,4126
    24 0,4272 0,4293 0,4292 0,4301 0,4127 0,4127
    0,430E 0,4313 0,43i6 0,4317 0,4317 0,4317
    25 0,4459 c,4470 0,4491 0,4490 0,4499 0,4504 0,4509 0,4509 0,4509 0,4509
    26 0,4645 0,4658 0,4670 0,4691 0,4690
    27 0,4932 0,4697 0,4701 0,4702 0,4702 0,4702
    0,4847 0,4861 0,4873 0,4994 0,4891
    28 0 ,5 0 2 1 0,5039 0,4E96 0,4897 0,4897 0,4997
    0,5053 0,5067 0,5079 0,5087 0,5092 0,5093
    29 0,5210 0,5229 0,5247 0,5262 0,5275 0, 509.+ 0,5094
    30 0,5401 0,52E5 0,5291 0,5292 0,5292 0,5293
    0,5+22 0,5442 0,5459 0,5474 0,5494 0,5491 0,5492 0,5493 0,5493
    31 0,5593 0,5617 0,5639 0,5658 0,5674 0 ,5686
    32 0,5796 0,5812 0,5693 0,5695 0,5696 0,5696
    0.5837 0,5858 0,5876 0,5g8g O,5S9B
    33 0,5980 0,6010 0,5ggg 0,5900 0,5900
    0,'6037 0,6060 0,6080 0,6095 0,6104 0,6106
    34 0,6176 0,6209 0,6239 0,6265 0,6107 0 , 6 10 7
    0,6297 0,6303 0,6313 0.6315 0,6316 0,6317
    35 0,6373 0,6409 0,6441 0,6471 0,6495 0,6513 0,6525 0,6525 0,6529 0,6528
    36 0,6571 0,6610 0.6647 0,6679 0,6706
    37 o,6771 0,6726 0,6739 0,6741 0,6743 0,6743
    0,6914 0,6954 0,6890 0,6913 0.6941 o,69bb
    38 0,6973 0,7019 0,695g 0,6960 0 .6960
    0,7063 0,7t02 0.7135 0',7159 0,7175 0,7179
    39 0,7176 0,7229 0,7275 0,7319 0:7353 0 , 718 0 0,7180
    40 0,7390 0,73E0 0,7397 0,7401 0,7403 0,7403
    0,7436 0,7489 0,7535 0,7575 0,7604 0,7623 0,7627 0,7629 0,7629
    4l 0,7596 0,7647 0,7704 0,7756 0,7799 0,7931
    42 0,7794 0,7852 0,7956 0,7859 0,7859
    0,7960 0.7922 0,7979 0,8026 0,9062 0,8094
    43 0,9004 0,9075 0,8099 0,g0gl 0,E092
    0,9143 0,9204 0,9256 0, B2g5 0,8320 0,9325
    44 0,9215 0,8293 0,9367 0,9433 0,9329 0 ,8328
    0,9490 0,9533 0,8560 0, 9566 0,9569 0,8569
    45 0,9429 0,9512 0,8592 0,8665 0,9727 0,8774 0,8604 0 , B g l0 0,8 8 1 3 0, 8 8 1 4
    46 0,8643 0,9734 0,gg2l 0,9900 0,8968 0,9019
    47 0,9960 0,gg5g 0,9052 0,9059 0,9p62 0, 9063
    0,9053 0,9139 0,9212 0,9269 0,9304 0,9312
    48 0,9079 0,9195 0,9397 0,g3gl 0,9461 0,9316 0,9316
    49 0,9523 0,9561 0,9570 0,9574 0,9575
    0,9300 0,9415 0,9525 0,9627 0 , 9 7 41 0 ,g 7 B l
    50 0,9523 0,9924 0,9924 0,9837 0,9938
    0,9647 0,9766 0,9876 0,9971 I ,0044 I ,009I l,0l0l I ,0106 1,0107
    51 0,9749 0,gggl 1,0010 1,0130 I ,0233
    52 0,9976 1,0313 1,0364 I,0375 I ,0381 1,0381
    I,01lg I ,0259 I ,0387 1,0499 1,0587 1,0642
    53 1,0205 1,0359 1,0655 I ,0661 I , 0662
    I ,0509 I ,0649 t.077r I ,0966 I ,0929 1,0941
    54 I ,0437 I ,0602 1,0764 1,0947 I ,0948
    55 1,0672
    I ,0915 r:104s l,ll52 1,1217 l,1233 l,l24l 1.1242
    1,0849 1,1022 I,l186 l,l33l 1,1444 I ,1517 1,1533 1,1541 1,1542
    TJIABA IIEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA _39

    Ilpodonuceuue ra6.n. I-7

    90" 890
    65" 70"

    l,1462 ,1619 1,1743 1,1823 1,1840 ,1849 I ,lBSl


    56 1,0908 1,1097 I ,1285 1,2167
    I .1551 | ,1743 ,1914 1,2049 1,2136 1,2156 ,2166
    57 l,ll47 I ,1349 I .2480 1,2492
    I ,1389 I,1605 1,1822 I .2030 ,2215 1,2362 1 2458 ,2490
    58 1,2684 1"2789 l:2812 ,2824 1,2826
    59 l, 1632 l,1864 1,2097 1,2321 ,2522
    1,2619 l;3014 1,3129 1,3155 t,3168 1,3170
    60 I , 1 8 7 9 1,2125 1,2376 ,2937
    1,2922 1.3352 ,3480 1,3508 I,3522 1,3524
    6l 1,2128 1,2392 1,2660 ,3159 1,3888 1,3890
    1,2949 1,3231 ,3490 l,gzot ,3841 1,3872
    62 1,2379 1 , 2 6 |6 t,4248 1,4266 1.4268
    1,2633 1.2933 1,3242 1,3547 .3828 1,4059 ,4214
    63 1,4429 1,4637 1,4657 1:465e
    64 1,2890 1,3209 1,3541 I ,3870 |,4175 ,4599
    1,4532 1,4810 1 ,5040 1,5062 I ,5065
    65 1,3149 1,3489 1,3844 1,4199 ,4998
    1, 4 3 9 8 l,520at ,5411 1,5458 1,5482 1,5485
    66 I ,341I 1,3773 1,4153 ,4536 1,5920 1,5923
    r.4467 1.5274 1,5610 ,5840 I ,5893
    67 1,3675 1,4060 ,4980 1,6346 I ,6376 1,6379
    1,3942 1,4351 l',4786 ,5232 I : 5 6 6I 1,6030 ,6287
    68 1,6466 l',6752 1,6818 1,6851 1,6856
    1,4212 1.4646 l , 5 l lI ,5591 1,6059
    69 1,6918 1,7237 7,7311 1,7349 1,7354
    1,4484 7',4944 1,5441 ,5959 1 ,6468
    70
    1,6891 1,73E8 1,7745 t,7829 t,7872 1,7877
    7l 1,4759 1,5246 t.5777 1,6335 1,8427
    I ; 6 1l 8 t,6720 1,7326 1,7876 1,8277 I ,8372 t,8421
    72 I,5036 1,5552 I ,8837 1,8945 1,9001 1,9008
    1,5862 1,6465 1, 7 1 1 3 1,7774 1,8384
    73 I ,5315 1,8915 1,9427 1 ,9550 1.9614 1.9623
    74 1,5597 1,6175 1,6818 1,7516 1,8237
    I ,8715 1,9463 2,0050 2,0192 2,0266 2,0276
    75 I ,5882 1,6492 1,7176 t,7927
    r g2a7 2,0047 2,0711 2,0876 2,0973
    76 1,6168 1,6812 1,7540 1.8347 2,7721
    1,7909 1,8777 t,gzto 2,0653 2,1414 2 t607
    77 1,6457 1,7136 2"2392 2,2528
    1,7462 I ,8284 I ,9215 2,0240 2,1286 2,2164
    78 1,6748 2,2969 2,3240 2,3404
    79 I ,7040 t,7792 1,8664 1.9663 2,078r 2,1954
    2,4362
    1,9048 2:0119 2,1339 2,2653 2,3836 2,4162
    80 1,7335 1,8125
    2 , 1 9 1 3 2,3387 2 , 4 7 7 5 2.5172 2,5392 2.5421
    81 ,7631 I ,8461 1,9438 2,0584 2,6566 2;6603
    1,9831 2,1057 2,2504 2 , 4 1 5 7 2,5795 2 , 6 2 8 8
    82 ,7929 1,8799 2 , 6 9 1 1 2,7531 2,7894 2,7942
    83 1,9140 2,0229 2,1537 2 , 3 1 1 0 2,4965 2,9487
    ,8228 1
    2 , 3 7 3 1 2, 5 8 1 2 , 8 1 3 6 2,6934 2,9421
    84 ,8529 1,9482 2;0630 2,2024 3,1217 3,1313
    2,1035 2,2518 2,4366 2,6691 2,9487 3,0536
    85 ,8830 1,9826
    2,7612 3,0978 3,2391 3,3396 3,3547
    86 1,9132 2,0172 2 1442 2,3017 2,5013 3,6425
    2,5670 2 , 8 5 6 1 3,2620 3,4564 3.6161
    87 1,9435 2,0519 2'.1g52 2,3520 s;ee11 4,0481
    2,4026 2,6336 2,9537 3 , M 1 2 3,7131
    88 I ,9739 2,0867 2,2263 4,0109 4,5535 4,7413
    2,0043 2.t216 2,2675 2,4535 2,7007 3,0530 3,6328
    89 2,7681 3.1534 3,8317 4,3387 5,4345
    90 2,0347 2,1565 2,3088 2,5046

    r-8. HEKOTOPbIECBEAEHVTflH3 MATEMATHKH


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    HIABA NEPBA'|. MATEMATNRA
    4l
    Ilpodoacrcenuera6a. I-8

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    Que. I-7

    n H
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    I"*_
    PA3,\EJI NEPBbIN. OEUHN
    42

    II podonuceuuera6n. l-9

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    a )K y 6

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    Que. I-12

    2 tlrupaMr.rAa.

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    ft - sHcota

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    7 t
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    TJIABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA
    43

    II podoacreflue ra6n. I-g

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    44

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    <Due.I-19
    TJIABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATHKA

    II podoncre*ue ra6rt. I-9

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    2 ) t g a : - ;
    cos d.

    c o s- c i
    3) ctga: .
    sine tgo' It l -r tgzq
    Ctg a
    I
    4) I +tg:a: -a^ : s e c xa i
    cos2a ]"1 a 6[*' o'

    ^\ -l: slna {t-rotr" l


    5) I a ctg: o: --l- : cosee2ai d) t$z-
    SINJ A cos@ ctga
    Vt-sin2a
    TJIABA NEPBAfl. MATEMATAKA
    47

    (L -,fl+rts" I
    2. 3anncuMocrb Mexqy QyHrqnnMH AByx yruIoB 9)cos :_' 2 l/1 +.sin +
    z lv/ 2 "
    l ) s l n (+ " F ): s i n a c o s1 Pc o s a s i n P l ,
    2 ) c o s( o + 9 )_ c o s a c o sI + s i n c s i nP ;
    3 ) t g ( ' t P ) : ( t g c i t 8 9 ) :( l T t g n t g F t ) ;
    4 ) c t g ( " + P ): ( c t g a c t g p+ l ) ' ( c t g Ft c t g e ) ; t0) -b
    I g
    - : - z
    l-cose
    - :

    2 l*cosa sina
    5 ) s i no f s i n9 : 2 r i n I ( a f P )c o s
    I
    O- F);
    :
    r t | -rcs.^
    lt ---.i
    G )s i na - s i n9 : 2 . o , j ( o* F )r t " ( o- F ) ; V l*cosa
    f cL sina l*cosa
    1 l ) c- ' tbc r - : - : - :
    7) cosa f cosfl: 2.o, (" -l-P).o, (* - 3); 2 l-cosa sina
    | f r-
    , / l-l-cosa
    8) cosa -cos p: - zrin], (* * F)sin+ (" - fl);
    : N t i - t
    V I - cosa
    ^ 2tga 2
    s i n ( a t F )' 1 2 )t g 2 a : * : '
    9) rgaf tg13: I-tg:o ctga-tgc
    cosccosP'
    a
    2tg
    ' 9
    -
    l o ) c t g c r g c t g g- = -t rs-i n ( a t P ) ' 13)tga- i
    sinasinB
    1 l ) s i n ( t * F ) s i n ( a P ) : s i n 2 a- s i n 2F :
    - r + t'.:e t *
    2
    : c oS 2I - co s za ; I I
    ctg2o-t
    12) cos (" * 9) cos (a - 9) : cos2a - s i n 2 F : 1 4 ) c t g2 a : : ctg a - tE
    ";
    ;** T i
    : CoSI2 - s i n : c ;
    I ctlzL_ l
    n:
    l 3 ) s i n a s iP P) Tcos(ef
    P); 15) ctg a
    +cos(a-
    CL
    2ctg
    1 4 )c o s a c o s: p + c o s ( a -g )+ l . o . ( " * P); 2
    2 2 t
    g.

    - 2tg
    l5) sina cos[i - \ -i- p)+ +2 sin(z' P);
    - (o
    * 2 .ii, 16) sin a :
    2

    1 6' ) t g o t g I - (' t g a * t B p ) : ( c t g al : . t g i ' ) : t+tg"


    :- (tb' TgP): (atga - ctg P); 2
    17) ctga ctg p: (ctga f ctg 9), (tga f tg p) : a
    t - tg'T
    : - ( c t g a- c t gF ) ' ( t g o - t g P ) . 1 7 ) c o sa :

    3. 3naqenun SyHIrqufi npu yMHo)KeHHH


    t+ Er+
    H AeJIeHilI.r ynJIoB Ha UeJIbIe qI{CJIa

    l) sin2a:2 sinacosai 1-1 1. nJIOCKH E TPEyIOJI bH I{ KpI

    2 ) s i n a : 2 s i nf .ot
    +, O6osHaqeHus:
    a : 2cos2a a, b, c -cropoubl TPeYToJIbHHI(a;
    3) cos 2a -==cos2a - sin2a :l-2sin2 d, P, 1 -YrJIbI, HM nporl{BoJie)Kauue;
    4) sin 3a : Ssina - 4sin3a; I
    p : (a+b* c\ - noiIYnePIlMerP.
    5 ) c o s3 a : 4 c o s a c - S c o sa ; ;
    6 ) s in 4a: B c o s 3c s i n a - 4 c o sa s i n a ;
    1. O6urneSoPnnYnsl
    7 ) c os4s ,: S c os + a - S c o s :o * 1;
    l) a: b c o s l + c c o sF ; b : C c o st r + r I c o s1 ;
    .r
    b )s r n
    d
    )L :
    -
    l/
    Y
    / ' l --r -o s "
    z-: iv I fcosa c:acosp*bcosa;
    a sin 'f
    ; 2) tg " :
    Vt-ti"" ;:;;os 1;
    -F FF,:i ;'=

    48 PASTIEJI NEPB6IN. oEuHn

    a 3. IlpnmoyroJrbHue rpeyroflbHuKrl
    r^ )\ s i n T : vr t @----;b;l-( ;p - c )
    Ec;rn a u b Karerbr, c-rflnoreHy3a H q -yroJr, rtpo-
    TuBonexaulnfi xareTy e, To HMeeM coorgoureHns:
    e
    4, \ ) cosn: V_ '/ -' p ( p - " ) ; l\ a:csina; 3) o:btga;
    4 f b"
    2l b: ccosa; 4 ' )b _ a ctga.;
    5 ) t+g: l / \ # # , 5) az{bz-sz.

    6) ( a+ b )zc - . o , (" - F),.o, { o* F ) ; I _ 1 2 . K O H H I I E C K I 4 EC E q E H H f l


    f | (K P H B bTE B TOP OFO nOP ' IIK A )
    7) ( a- b )s c _ r t " j ("- F),sin
    j (' * p). l. 3u;rnnc
    I
    2. KocoynoJrbHuerpeyronbnuxn

    AaHaue
    Hcro-
    xbte Oopuyau
    Tadtuqa l-13

    {+
    q" *_:7
    \
    p
    .r
    Szlsz_s2
    a, b, c COSA:
    2bc
    cDue.I-23

    a ^ Dsina 4 *1:t;
    s2 b2
    v
    v -
    i { -

    a nonyocuAO:a, 80:6;
    Q., b, a - 1 8 0 0- ( ' * paccrosnue Qoryca m qeHrpa
    I I 9)
    asint OF : OFt: t:
    c ^ - -F--:-
    -
    - h,
    r,, COS a -F l fi r-bz ;
    sin a nogynapaMerp
    b -r- b' -
    p: =a l / a 2 - 6 2 : - a a(I.-.r);

    asinF 3KCqeHTpHCHTer
    sin a c
    ,
    q:t" r- _ asin(cfp) a
    sin a Sin a ypaBHeHHe xacare.nruofi B ToqKe
    . XXt . llr
    P(xt,!t)z ^ *T:l;
    i F : 1 9 0 0 -("*r)
    s ' p s2 b2
    nnoqaAb
    '
    OBpp,:+ xy + ! sin ,
    +:eoo-t"rs,+ 2
    Bcs nnoulaAbgnJlurrcapaBfia nab.
    2" t a r c a

    2. fnnep6oaa
    a t b , 1

    o*P a-F
    : - P(&sl
    2 2
    c - V -a2' *b, - 2ab cos -J
    gjtn-r
    Slll a
    Que. I-24
    |NABA NEPBAEI. MATEMATHKA
    49
    x2 ! ' _ -r . 2. AHSSepeHuHan
    ^'
    g2 b2
    n o n y o c r {A O : a ; A B : b ; Eecxouequo MaJroe npr.rpauleHr{e eynrcqllr.r A : f
    @)
    MOX(HOnpe4craBHTb B BtrAe cyMMbr AByx cJraraeMbrx:
    Qoxycnoe paccrorrHue
    A i ( x ) - L , y- [ ' ( x ) A x f e A r ,
    OF: OFL: t:{""+Or;
    rAe e H Lx- BeJrLrqHHbI 6ecxoseqno MaJrbIe.
    nonynapaMerp
    b2 flepaoe cnaraeMoe HasbrBaercqau$$epeuqHanoM
    Oynx-
    P :- : a ( e z- 1); uHLr H o6ogsaqaercs:
    a
    df (x) : dy : f' (x) L^x.
    9KCrIeHTpr.rCI{TeT
    c AnSSepeHqr.raJroMHe3aBHcHMofinepeuessofi Ha3hrBaercf,
    ' ee 6ecxosequc MaJroe npupauleHue, r. e. dx - A.r, c.le-
    " -
    a ' AOBaTeJIbHO:
    ypaBHeHHeKacareJrrsofin ToqKe
    dy : f' (x) dx u f' (x) : !1- : y'.
    XX' VVr dx
    P (xt yt\: -:- -'i^': l.
    s2 b2
    fl.routaAr 3. OcuonHue QoprvryJrbr
    AHS$epeHrIHpoBaHrnt
    APP'
    xv
    2 +^(+.+) l) da:0;
    2) d(a t x): t dx;
    llapa6o.na
    3) d(u * o): du + da;
    a) d@x):adx.
    Pl&sr) 5) d (uu\: i l da * udu;
    lu\ drt
    6)dl_-l:--;
    . \a / a'
    / 1 \ I
    i )' d l - l : - - s^2 d a ;
    \a I
    ' I a \ a
    B' ) d l - l : - ^du;
    \o l s2
    @ue. I-25 ,l u l vdu-uda
    (p - s )d l - i : ' '
    A2:2px napaMerp)
    ; paccroflHi.re $oryca \a.l s2
    or ,Bepuunu O
    l0) dxn : nxn-rdx.
    1 11) dax - ax ln adx, a ) 0;
    OF:-I):
    2 ' '
    J2) dex : ex dxi
    ypaBHeHr{o xacare.nrRofi K napa6oJre B roqKe P{xtAt)
    13) d (u" ) : u,t'-r @du t uln udo);
    UUr:p@*x);
    flnolllaJlb cerMerlTa t4\ dlno: -do i
    ,
    opp, : * xy. g
    J 15) dlg o:0 ,434 ;

    ' I_T 3. OCHOBHbTEOOPMYJIbI - ,--


    16)dV x:
    dx
    AHOOEPEHUI,IPOBAHHfl ---i
    2 V x
    I. IIpon3BoAHaq 17) d sin x: cosxdx;
    18) d cos .r : - sin xdx;
    Ec.nu g : f (x\ lr L'x - 6ecxosequo Manoe rpupaqenl{e
    ,, TO IIpOH3BOAHafl. A nO X: flx
    l9) dtgtc- : sec2xd)c;
    cos2r
    !':[' (x)-Alir |/+).'
    :ro \Ax / dx
    20) dctgx: - _ : -coseczrr/x;
    flponsnoAuan nocroffHHofi BeJIHqLIHIIpaBHa Hynn. sin2r
    1 3arc.125

    &.,.
    PASIIEJI NEPBhIN. OEUilN
    50
    2 t ) d s ec , t : s e cx tg x d x ; & -neqerxoe, rc f(r) npr r: rr He HMeer HH Ma(cHMy-
    Ma, Hr.t MHHI{MyMa.
    22) d cosecx: - cosecx ctg xdxi /
    dx 2. HensHan {ryHrqnn f (x,A) : 0
    23) d arcsin x: - t -
    df
    V 1-xz Haxo4nr ; H perrrarcTcoBMecrnoypaBueHnfi
    dx c)x
    24) d a r cc o s. t r : - - , d f ( x -Y' ) -
    lt| -'-'
    I
    [ ( x ,y ) : o u dx
    o:
    dx IiCCJIe,4yIOTnonyqeHHble pellle]d.ilfr. X1, X2, ... IIOACTaHOBTOfie
    25)darctgx:l+xr;
    dl d2f
    dx d, " dt''
    26) darcctgx__]q
    *r; df A 2f
    Ec.nu , pa3HbrxsrraKoB,To npu .f,1Qynx-
    27) dshx- chxdx; du du,
    O:, uoae" t* ar* c" rrtY * 4.
    28)dchx- shxdx;
    d* Ec"nn -- I{ 5 oAHoro3HaKa,ro npH .rr Qyuxqna y
    29) dth x: , dY diz
    c h 2x ' HMeeT r{HHHMyM.
    3 0) an$S epeuqn p o Ba H HQe-v n ru u uo r $ y u rq H u: df d2f
    Ecnn HnH paBHo 0, to cneAyer, esIIH Bo3'
    du dv ; ;*
    u:lU);y-f ( x ) id u : MoxHo, nepeitru npocro K Hccre.tloBaHHrc QyHxullll nDI{
    i f*o*t gHaqennflx, 6Jrh3xtrx K x, H HenocpeJ.crBeuHo y6eAHTbcfl,
    3 l) nor s Hf i A n Qtp e p e u l l n a nQ y " * q n n u: t (x, y , HMeeTCf nr{ MaKcHMyM HnI{ MHHI{I}!yM.
    zr...ll

    d u : * o * +oy+ d y+ 4oz o r + .. 3. <Dynrqns AByx nepeMeHHblxz: t @,A)


    ox dt
    Haxoasr -- --df I{ u peualor coBMecrHo yPaB-
    (ry u x q u H y -f (u , v , tD ,...),
    3 2) B c ny qae c J ro x (Eo c ru ox oy
    rJI,CZ, Q,@ _ HCNPEPbIBIIbJC QYHKIIHH OT ,r: HeHHn'
    d'r dv du do da da da
    -r-"' g-0, -li:o'
    dx- du dxT da dx=da dx ox oy
    33) auQQepeHuupoBaHr{e HesBnbrxQynxuufi: floayvenuHe
    ' pelueuns
    ' dzt (xt, Arl, (xr, Uzl noAcraBJIsFT
    dy 0f df dzf d2i
    :- : - :- : T-.
    t w , Y ): A ; Y- ' : - ctx --- '. LocraBJlflIor BbIpalKeIIHe:
    0x dv dxz' dyr' dx dy

    I _I 4. HA XOX AE H H E M AK C H I} IYMA
    H M IIH H M YMA

    1. QyHrqnn oAHofi nepeMeHHofi


    Ec.ns npn AaIIIIbIx (xi,yil A > 0, ro z-t (x, g',
    .
    Enn HaxoxAeHtrr MaKcHMyM a (M) n Mr.lHHMyMa(m) a2f
    Qynrqr.ruf (x), HaxoAflree npoH3BoAHyIo, npHpaBHHBaIor HMeer MancHMyMnpu j*z ( 0, n HM u ' u M v Mrnp^
    MHHHMyM rrroUto.
    d*,
    HyJIIo,peuaror ypaBHeHHe f (x) : 6 v Kop-
    noJryqeHnbre
    ffH noAcraB.rrrrorBo Bropyrc npon3BoAHyro f"(xl. Ecau A < 0, To z: [(x, A\ n€ HMeer HH MaKcr{MyMa,
    ' Ec.nn (xrl (0, ro npn .r1 HH MHHHTUyMa.
    f' Qyuxunn r{Meer MaI(c}rMyM.
    Ecru f" \xt\)O, ro npu x1 Qynxuur Hr\reerMHHHMyM. Ecnu o : 0, To peKoMeu,rlyercfl npocro LrccJrer'r.oBarb
    Q y H x u n r c z n p l ' / .3 H a q e H i l r x , 6 ; t n a x H x x x i 1 4_ l t i H H e n o -
    Ecnn f"' (xt) :0, To floAcraBrglor 11 B Tperblo npo-
    H3BOAHyIO. cpeAcrBeHuo y6e,aHTbcfl, HMeercx JIH naKcHMyIvI l{nll MHHH-
    Ec-nu f"' (x ) + 0, To npn .r1 Her HH MaKcHMyMa,Hu Mr{- MYM.
    HHMVMA.
    4. Heonpe.4eJreHnbre
    BbrpaxeHus
    Ecni f"' (x):0, To noAcraBJlslor,r B qerBeprylo npo-
    H3BOAHyTO
    I-q -- g
    O6qee H p a B r r n o . K o p e n r x 1 y p a B H e H H fl ' ( x ) : 0 l. Ec;rn orHorueH'e/r,Byxt[yuxuufi * noo
    9(.r) U oo
    Ilo[craBnflIoT noclreloBarenbHo B laJlbHefiutue npoll3BoA-
    EHe H cMorprr, KaKafl H3 npoHBBonHHx noc;le arofi noA- flp\rl lC:d' TO
    e r a H o B K Hn e p s a s H e 6 y n e r H y n e M . E c . n ns r o k : s n p o n 3 -
    Boruan u h- qerHoe, ro $yuxqun HMeer N{aKcI,IMyM npn ,. fl(x)l f'@)
    uir-rt-t:- '
    t* (rr) (0 n Mr{Hr.rMyMnpu f&t (xr)}0. Ecnrr x(e Lv(x)
    I s' (x)

    4
    -}
    |JIABA NEPBAq. MATEIVIATHKA
    5t

    f.
    oTHOIueHHenepBblx npoH3BoAHHX.
    creAyer
    e. Anfl pacKpLITHflHeoIIpe,IeneHHocTl{ B9flTb
    n)J #:21/7 +,;
    2 . E c " n u / ( x ) V ( r ) - 0 . o o n p Hx - a ' r o n o J l a r a s v@l:
    P
    : lz * (x) , nonyqHM 12) I cosxdx: sin.rf c;
    J .
    f(x) : -o f
    o 13) |sinxdx--cosx+ci
    J
    .[,aaee-no
    "r."J:]-; (' d,x
    - 1 4' ) I ^ -tgx*c;
    3. Ecnu / (r)e(:)-0o u.nxI uan ooo, ro aorapr(punPys,
    safiAeu: J cosr '6
    C d x !
    ln [i(x)e(r)l : I (x) ln f (x), t5) I - :-ctgxf c;
    J Slnz .r
    r. e. npHxolIHMx cnyuan 2.
    4. Eca u f ( x ) - V $\ : o o- o o , ro n B Iu e M : f d x
    & t c s ixn* c : - a r c c o s*. vc ' ;
    t6)
    l:e(r)-l:f(x) 0 J ffi:
    f(') -,r (r) : -:f : (' dx
    (4 v (d o -arcctg x + 0' ;
    * x z :
    l 7l' JI l -:^ i trc tgr + c :
    . -areM nocrynaeM, KaK rIpeXAe.
    ('
    l8) \tgxdx:-lncosx*c;
    J

    l- 15. oc HoBH b IE OOP M y J Ib I


    ('
    19) \ .tg xdx : ln sin )c+ c;
    N H T E T PH P O B A HH f l J

    P b o
    ( ' f
    l) \adx:uc+c;
    J 20) \ t t r ) d x: F ( D ) - F ( a ) : - \ I { r ) a * ;
    J J
    ( , n o ; , u
    2) \ tu+ a\dx:\udx*\odx;
    J J J d b c d

    3) udv - tto-
    J
    vdu (nnrerpupolanxero v a c r r u ) ;
    2l)
    J:J+J+J;
    a a b c

    e ( c b b c o
    P ) d z i x : e l (') (nure-
    22) : J _ J : J - J '
    4) \tt'l dx: n P P P (
    f t vG ) l v '
    J a )
    \
    .I t " u o u r " b b
    , rpupoBa"n. noo.raHonrofi);

    (' ar 231{ll?:ff:#" + [' ",,', o"


    u)dx loJ-!t't -
    5)laxdx:-*c; d u J ou
    r na t;; ; t ' P . " . t P Y t J '
    J
    P
    6) lexdx:ex*ci 2
    - ' '4 ) S o p M Y n a c P e t r H e r o s f f a q e H I ln,. Ecan f(x) -
    J il4'U\' H e n p e p b I B H bBI n p o M e x y r K e ( a ' b ) , a r ( x )
    npoMex(yTKe,
    snaKonocroflHHar $Yuxuun B ToM x(e
    fdx -lnx*c;
    7'l JI - b h
    x
    P -.-.(
    ) s @ ) d x ,r A e a < E < b ;
    ro \ttrlp(x) d'x:f (E1
    o I. . n + l J J
    s- )' )\ x n d x - - *c; t 4
    n+l
    '' ecnll I (x) : l, ro
    ?dx |
    9' )JI 1 s 2: - - * c ; b
    x (,
    t t , \it"l drc: (b-a)f (E)-
    .,
    l-o-)\,VJ x. -d x : +3V x "+ c ; (,

    {*

    &_-_
    52 PA3.qEJI NEPB'IN. OEIItrHN

    I-16. AHOOEPEHUHAJIbHbIE
    YPABHEHTIfl

    l.'VpanHeHHR nepBoro nopq,u.Ka


    Tadauqa I-14

    Tun ypanueHur
    VpanHenue
    Peuresue

    C p a s a e a f l o r r { H M n c fnl e - 'F,
    (x) F, (y) dxlFs (r) F^ (y) dy : O
    p e M e H t t b lM H

    O , qnopoA n o e
    J+gd*+[ffi,, _ C

    ,r 4.@, Y )d x + l / ( . r , dy:O Y)
    Ltvt n /v - ollHopo.[Hiie Qyiirqnu x u ! floAcrasoBKau : au$+epeHur.ranb-
    o , ( H H a K O B O f oH 3 l r e p e H l 4 gt t : +s
    )c
    E o e y p a B H e H H e( y : u x , d y : u d x
    _t!I.(tx, ty) : tn M (x,1) t xdu)
    N (tx, t!t): t, w 1i, yyi n p H B o A H TK y p a B H e r r [ r oo r g o c u r e . r b H o
    Qyn*:
    trntr u c pa3AeJrffroulHMHcg nepeMeuHuulr-.Ha_
    X O A H I VeIr o p e u e H H e
    u: [ (x)
    y:xf(x)
    JIuHefisoe y'+P(x)y:Q(x)
    ! : e-[oo'ff,nloo,
    o*+rj
    V paaueuueEe p u y l rr.r
    Y'+P(x)Y:QU)y"

    npEBo,(HT K auuefiuol,ry ypaBHeHr.rto


    or-
    IIOCHTCJIbHO U

    2. YpanueuunBToporo nops.[.Ka
    Ta6.au4al-15

    Tun ypaaneuur VpaaneHne


    Peurenue

    V p a n n e n H e ,H e c o A e p - y" -f (x)
    xau{('e y u y' v- J t Jr @ a x f dCrx
    x *I C2

    V p a a n e a u e ,H e c o A e p - yo-f (x,y')
    xau{ee y fl oA craH)oBKKaA y o - P , J1 1 n _- , p ' npI{BoAr{r
    K ypaBfleHHrIon o
    , e pBlro rr o l opflArK A :
    p' - t fQ -
    ( *(,, p ) .
    l

    Ero perue ) HH eC :

    ! I? Q)c,C Cr)
    v - e((l:x , Cl ' ), t d x * c2
    J
    V panueur e, H e c o Ae p - yo : f (y, y')
    x(au{eex do
    floAcrasoaxa y' : P , y ' - p 7 npHBO-
    ay
    ArrTK ypaBseHHroI l e p B o r o n o p f f A K a :
    dp
    p- : f (y, p).
    dy
    E ro peueur.re:
    p: g ( y r ,c r )
    x-| , o tc,)
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    B e p c r n f l B c r e H K a x p e 3 e p B y a p o B6, a r o a ,
    ttrrrirru""a Ma_
    $;
    JrbrMHorBepcrrrMn B lonr<ofr cr€HKe (Sar.
    Z_til, oo - CI(OPOCTb[OAxona.
    o[pe_
    .qeJrflercfl no Sopuy.ne: TeoperuuecKue3Haqeurn xoa@$sunesroB lrpn HcreqeHHH
    H3 II{eJIH, ocHoBaHHbteHa fHnpoMexaHHr{ecKoM peueHHH
    e:p, {2,H", npoO. Xyroscroro A.nq HAeaJrbtro[)KHAKocrH,cne,ryrcu{He:
    (2_ll)
    e:0,633, f:0,965, p: -i-^ -0,611, a : 1,078.
    .
    rre p.- e ?; . :*- roeeeuquenrc)Karu,crpyu; i 7E+2
    PacupeAe.neH'e c*opccrefi H IIaBreHHfi e cxaro* ceqe-
    g - xos$Suuueur cKopocru, panuufi
    d
    HHn Ha paccrorrHnr.I or creHKH, nonyqeHHhre npoQ.
    f l 2
    v' : l / a + ( ' B.-B. BeaepnHxoBbrM,nprfBe.ueHbr Ha Snn. 2_16, a u 6.
    Y . AJIfl HPAKTHqCCKHX PACqC{OB NPHHHMArcT 3HAqEHHE XOEQ.

    o - roeQ$aqueur Kuuerr{secrofi $ttqnenra pacxora F : 0,59 ;- 0,61. Meu^ruuu--fur*.pu*


    euep_ orBepcrHfl coorBercrByroT 6oarrt-lae gHaqeHi{,
    orr.lTpyu B CXaTOMceqeHHH; tL.
    ,- Cxarue crpyu trpn ncreqennH qepe3 orBepcrns 6srsaer:
    t xoeQeHrIHeHT conpoTuBneuuflBbr- a) II o r H 0 e, KofAa crpyfl nony'{aer cxarHe no BceMy
    pcrr{'
    ;
    ,Hoe_ xHfffo".%",T:;.#f
    - no.nuuri Hanop .HaA
    rIeHTpoM
    nepllMerpy;
    6) HenoJrHoe, KoFAa qacrb nepHMerpa orBepcrur
    oT_ npuMbrKaer K rrpoAoJrbHbrM creHKaM (Onrr. 2_lZ,l\.
    BepcTHfl: rloJlHoe cxarH,e pa3AeJlfleTcflHa co B€ p ru e H H o e n
    HecoBepueHHoe. CoeepueHHbrM clr(arneM
    cquTaeTcf raKoe, KofAa AHo I{ creHKH c 6oxos He BJIHflIoT
    Ha cx{arHe crpyH; sro 6trsaer, ecJ.il{paccroqHHe or
    "nro6ofi
    cropoHril 'roHTypa orBepcrHfl Ao HanpaBnflror[ux creHoK

    a)

    t * Q

    rsIt
    qlx

    cbue.2-15 Que. 2-16


    ruABA DTOPAfl THNPABJIHUECKHE PACTTEThI
    59
    HCKJInqHTeJrbHbr€cnyqaH BecbMa ruraB-
    HbIx no,4xo,x,oBBO4bI K OTBepCTHto
    co Bcex
    cropoH (nprr ycnoBr{rro6sgareruuofi. la6o.
    t2t n2 paropuofi nponepru) . p-0,g0
    ll' 11 f
    2 - 7 . H C T E I I E H H Eq E P E 3 H A C A A K H
    n2 g1I B2
    ngl 8,
    $opuyre (2-l l ):
    qepe3HacaAKHonpeAeJrsercff
    - PacxoA npn r.rcreqennu no

    Q_
    r-

    Q:F'VZeHo.
    .Due. 2-17 <Due.2-18
    l. BHeruHnf, rluJrHHApnrrecrffifi HacaAoK

    cocy.(a He M'eHbIIIe rpofrHofo nonepeqHqrg_. pa3MepaorBep- IIpu AJTHHe Haca.fKal>-(3:4ld oa Mo)r(er pa6orarn
    cru r ' t . e. / r ) 3b n l z )3 a (Q n r. 2 -l 7 ,l l ). nornbrMceqenneM(S rr. 2-19,4).
    H e c o B e p IrI e H H bI M c)KarHeM cqHTaercfl TaKoe, K'o- B nocJleaHeM cnyqaep: g :0,82.
    rla AHo H 6ot<osHe creHKH BJlHfllor Ha cx(arHe crpyu; B pa6orarculel,tno.[HbrMceqeHHeM HacaaKeB cx(aroM
    TaKOe CxaTHe 6Heaet npg 6onee 6.nusxotvtpaccTOflHHLl OT- ceqeHHHcrpyn 6.[as Bxoaa Ha6.rrruAaercq BaKyyM hrr*x
    Bepcrr{s or HanpaBrflroull4xCTeHOK(oHF'. 2-l7,lll). -0,75H0',-IlpH 3-aTolJ,eHHoMBbrXoAehr^*-g,75is-hn, rAe
    B cnyqae Hen,onHofo cxarnr xoeQSuqnenr pacxoJla s2
    PHn 6yaer 6olrue, qeM KooQQlr[Hegr pacxoAa F A.ns zs:z{ -0 ; z - pa3uocrb ypoeuefi c o6eux cropou .Ha-
    UOJIEOTO C)I(ATHfl: 2g
    ca.rlKa, a hn - BerHrrHHa nofrorlJleHufi cHl{gy. Be.nuqnRa
    PHn:n(t*r;), (2-12)
    BaKyyMa He3aBHCHMO Ot F/o He MO)KeTnpeBHCHTa6-7 U.
    fr.rrpan.nuqecxuri pacqer HanopHbrx BoAonpo,nycKnbrx
    rpy6 uoapo6so ocBeureHB pa3reJre 2-K grofi uasH.
    rle p - IIepHMerptscero orBepcrl'Ifl; flpu uar.noHHoMnoro)KeHr.ruBHeruHefouHJrHHAprjqecKorc
    n - qacrb nepHMerpa6eg cxarnfi; HacaAKanoA yrnort a (iro orHoueHHro K HopMaJrHK cTeH-
    c:0,13 Ann Kpyrurbrx u c:0,15 AJrffnpflMoyroJlbublx Ke) roaSSlrunenr pacxora )'t{eHbruaercn corJracHo AaH-
    orBepcrHft. ttuu ra6n. 2-2.
    flpu HcreqeHHI{tl'epe3 g a r on JIeH H o e orBepcrlle Ta1nuua2-2
    (Su.. 2-18) pacxoA onpeAennercsno Sopnayae:
    3Hauenn"
    .:itflXil'il:""^f"BA''I HaKroHHbIx
    e:p,{W, (2-13) .
    r\e 2 -,pa3nocrb ypoBH€fixuAxocm c oSeux cropolr or-
    BepcTnff.

    2 -6 . E O J I bI I I HE O T B EP C T H ' B T O H KOR C TE H K E 0,719

    .(nr pacuera 6o.nruruxorBepcrnfis ronxofi crenre (npu


    HcreqeHHH H3-rlo.q qura) MoxHo npHMeHRTb re xe Sop-
    Myrlht (2-l | ) Ir (2-12) co cne.lyrournMr.r opneHrnpoBoq- 2. BHyrpeHHHft UHnHHApHqecKrrfi HacaAoK
    HbrMr{ gHaqeHnqMn rosSQnuHeHTa pacxoAa, peKoM€Hno-
    BaHHbTMH aKaA. flaeaoecKsrr,t il51: IIpr l<3d BHyrpeHHsfi uurruH.{pnqecxnfi Haca-{oK He
    3anorrntrercqeorofi (Snr. 2-19,8) H Hs{eer xosrp$rEunent
    UaJIbIe OTBepCTHa C [OnHbIM CXaTH€M . F :0,60
    p a c x o A aP : 0 , 5 1 . f l p n / > ( 3 : 1 ) d B H y r p e H H H fui t l . t r t l H . r p a -
    ,Iecxlrfi HacaAoK 3anornflercs H $r:0,71 (Qur. 2-19,8'1.
    oTBepcTHfl CpetrHHX pa3MepOB CO CX(aTH-
    eM cTpyH co Bcex cTopoH npH oTcyTcTBr{n
    ua[paBrrrrcuruxcr€HoK,B cper,HeM F:0,65
    orBepcrnrr 6o.nuruuxpa3Mep,oBc HecoBep-
    lueHHbrM, HO BCeCTOpOHHHM
    CXaTHeM, B
    Cpe[HeM [r:0,70
    .lIoHHbIeorBepcrnrr (r. e. BoBce He rrMen-
    rtlue cxarnfl no AHy) co 3HaqHTe.[bHbrM
    BJIHflIIH€M6orcoeono cxarHfl, .F:0,65+0,70
    AOHHbre OTBepcTHfl c yMepeHHbrM BJTUflHU-
    eu 6oxoeoro cxarHfl P:0,70-+0,75
    .qoHHHe orB€pcTnq c n.rraBnbrMrr6oroebr-
    aa troAxollaMH p=0,80+-0,85 @ue. 2-19
    60 PASIEil nEPBbtil. oEI4na

    Tadtuqa 2-3
    3HaqeHIq roaQQruneHroBpacxoAap KoHHqecKHCxoIcuIHxcq Haca.rLKoB

    5" 10" /
    rl"z4,

    0,952 0,992 0,920 0,937 0,945

    3. KoHH.IecrHe HacaAr(H
    a) KonHqecKr{ cxoA su\ufi,cs HacaAoK
    2-tg,c). (Qur.
    B saeucnMocru or yrJra KoHy,cHocrn
    F uacaaoK Hr\{eer
    3HaqeHIIf xoeQ$r.rqsenra pacxoa,a (oruecenHo,a-*
    BbrxoA_
    H o M y _ c e q e H u r oH a c a 4 x a ) , n p H B e A e H H b r e " t a 6 n .
    B 2_g.
    .,6) K o n H q e c K r { p a c x o A s u l u r i c a HacaAoK
    (0nr. 2-lg,,C,\
    IIpu yrJre KoHJcHocrH S-7" B cp€AHeM Mo.)KHocrru_
    Tarb, rrro p, :0.5 ---
    (a"nq BbrxorHoro ceqennr Hacaara).
    *5:,:..:. yya r u u fi H a c a.r o K (Sur, 2_ts,D).
    Ao3eqHrrHeHT pacxo,la Aocrr{raeT ggaqeHHflV :g,Sjl i
    +-0,98. flpr.l^sarraeH€KpuBo.nuuefiuoro
    oqepraunff Ha Kpy-
    toBoe F :0,95.

    2-8. HCTEqEHHE NPH IIEPEMEHHOM HANOPE


    Eyaertr TrpeAnoJrararb,pe3epByaphr
    [rpH3Marr.rqe,cKr4MLr,
    T. e. ,no BEilCOTe
    Hx Q:const.

    l. Hcre.reHr{enpn nocroqH_H_oM
    npHToKee0
    Que. 2-21
    ($ur. 2-20)
    2. onopoffiHioy" HarroJrnenr.rs
    .BPervrs

    @ue.2-20
    I,t : ?a (l/ H, - lf H,) . (2-r5)
    EIc- paBHoBecr{rr IrpHmKa z pacxoAa seo.6xo,Iutvro 6u-
    Ht
    t"fu
    JIo 6u HMerb HaA BbrxoA,HbrM orBepcTue* nunop flo, np" BpeMl [oJr_Horo
    KoropoM Qo:[r , V'kE; .o[opo)KHeHr{fl, vt]ru HarroJrHeHr{flpe3ep-
    , Byapa (npu //2:g;

    r. e. 03
    Ha:
    ' (2-15',)
    2g$2a2
    IIpn //1(I/o 6ylgr
    . npoucxonllrr, yBerurreHne Harrop,a
    Ao Ht, nqT Hrlflo 6ya.t npoucxoAr.irb yMeHbueHne ,Ha_
    no,pa ao Hl. 3. Hcreqenne npn [epeMeHHoMHanope
    Bp-euR, r'pe6yroqeecx Nrr. H3M,eHeHr.rrHanopa ot Hr rroA nepeMenHufiypoBeHb
    \o Hz:
    flpu r.rmerreHru
    x<nlKocrr{H3 oAuoropesepByapa
    c ne-
    H} 2A I peMeHHbrMypoBHeM a_ apyrofi pe3epByap c nepenreHnbrM
    t:------: l{Hr-{nr+ ypoBHer.t (cy: Qur._-2-18) nper,.rr HsMeHeH-Ltfl
    H' p^Vu \ HanopoB or H1 No H, paBHo:
    pa3nocru

    +V ttot"
    VH"-VH, ri'
    - 2 2 ({ H, -{ r, \
    (2-r4) (2-16)
    {th-V H, .i,: o,* n, 1 p, {w )
    TJIABA BTOPAtI. TH4PABJIHqECKHE PACttETbI
    6l

    /Inr noJrnom ypaB,HHBaHHr


    Bpemr, Heo6xo,AuMoe rop,u-
    3oHroBB p*epByapax (l/2:g1t
    ,/

    (2-16',)

    4. Hcreqeune rrpn nepeMeHHoMHanope


    H3 HenpH3MaruqecKnxpe3epByapoB

    @ue. 2-23

    Hueeu:

    z:* l? tVn - tril + 4*D ( H,"i,-


    \ 7 r ' - - a t \ - - r
    @ua. 2-22 L 2

    H;t")***, ( ,,"'"- o,j'')


    flpu ua.nuqnunpHroKa Qo:const BpeMff orlo'pox{HeHus
    f,
    p$epByapa (Snr.
    lrJrlt HanorlleHuq.H.enpH3Maruq€cKoro r,qe D - Ar.raMerp HH)KHero ocHoaanufl;
    2-22) m - Salr'ox(eHue oTKoca.
    H, floaarag Hr: H-"* n H2:0, HMeeM:
    H,
    + -
    Hr Iw z ^ ^ * : * { H"^\ 2^ * ( ?3* + *H ^ ^ * * T2* ' 1 1 'z^ o )\'
    6) PesepByap B BlrAe rpaneqoHAanruofi
    (2-17) trpH3Mbr (Snr.2-24,a):

    gaz
    z: f| -Ha3brBaercfM
    l o.qyJreM
    _.,r_ tf T
    J V H s - V z
    H1

    HcreqeHEfi. (Dopuyaa
    ' H z Z
    l -

    h,- Ma
    flBrflercrr o6qefi Qoprvrylofi BpeMeHn ollopo)KHgHHff l.;t.fl,
    BCeX CryqaeB.
    IIpu IIoJTHoM orlopoxHeffHrr Lrntlr HaTIoJIHeHHH(Hz:0)
    0
    @ue. 2-24

    J
    Qdz
    z- : Z*ax. Q-17')
    {Hr-{ z
    H1
    z :2tlo(tn- t H,)* ] * ( t,'u-
    Ec.nr.ra :f(z) Bbrpa)Kaercrrnpocrofi SyHKrHefi or z,
    "l')]
    ro HHrerpanZ JrerKopa3peuaercn.flpn orcyrcrBnn nplr- (o6ogsaceHusscnbl ua Snr. 2-24,a),
    roKa (Qo:0) B3rrne HgrerpaJlaeule 6o.neeynpoqaercg.
    Hexotopute qacrHbrecryrrall rtpu Qo:0.
    a) P.esepByap B'BHA€ yceqe'HHoro K'oHyca z ^u:2tlf H^* (, * *tt*".
    (Qur. 2-23). + )
    62 PASNEN NEPBUN. OETTIAN

    P"9:pBIap B BHtre yceq,eusofirrHpa-


    r^d^HBA) H ( $ H r . 2 - 2 4 , 6 ) : Alg gToro ueo6xo{x^,to r{M€Tb
    r(p'Byro
    - 3aBHcHMocrH
    Bo40xpaHHJrHrrlaor r.ny6uHur o :f (z). Becr
    / ::Ii-".rt _
    ool,€M onopoxHet{Hq BoAoxpaHHJlHruS, HasbrnaeubrficJIHB_
    z : 2 1" u ( V n- { i l + ttoti
    -npy1uofi, paa6flBaercr no Bbrcore Ha n qacrefi c tbl_
    conrfi LH:l ,u (u.n,u 0,5 x).
    L
    Tar xax:
    2 r at rr\
    + t * @+bl ( or"''- tt""'")
    +
    e ^rl : &l*lo- oo,
    2
    + + ^ , ( H r o t 'o- r " ' ' ) l
    H,
    tT_ ^H r/ s,
    z*^*:2 {H^*loo +
    L
    H,
    4,,{2s llV"_ Q o , +:
    +.' - 2
    "nt(a
    -\- +
    4 ^
    b)H*^*+ + *, Hr^ul.
    l L\ p,Vze
    3 e2 a,
    + \-/ I

    5. OnopoxHeHne
    VH, - -g- | l{n ' - --Qo
    )
    H Ha[oJrHeHHe BoAoxpaHH.EHrrI r,{ze / \ n . V :2g
    *:I ga
    _Ir:t
    :l : -..]ecrBeHubdxBoroxpaunrtruax KpHBa, e = +' \,-.. l:
    lz) He HMeeTnpaBHnbHoro aHarrTHrrecxorb
    sHfi Bonpoc o Bp.eMeHU Bbrpaxe-
    l/Hr- Q0,,,
    peuaercr npudallxeHHbtM
    OnopoxHeHfiflB.OAOX,paHHnsula f:
    I rpHBotrHM peueH_He
    cnoco6otu.
    aroir ganaqt no TaK Ha3brBaeMoMy
    n ,VwI J
    cnoco6y TpaneuHHtB]. Bper,rnonopoxHeHuflHenDH3Maru_ LH at
    - / ,
    p6epByapa or ypoBHr Hr Ao ypoBHFfir.o.r""_
    :::loto
    JI'IET: zv,Vze
    lfo- o:_
    H2
    H2
    f1
    \ p^Vzs
    9dz
    : ' { H9, - s
    Hr
    J Qo- r'rVZe,
    Ht 3--r"'-1-
    Hl s,o,V zs
    9dz
    (2-18) . a n \
    (2-le)
    J v^{ 2gz - Qu y'Hr - Qq
    H2 I
    rAe Qo - npHToK B BojtoxpaHlrnHrqe. *Vi /
    Tax xar Bo.loxpaHfiraue He HMeeTnpann.runofi Bce ruquc.rrenuf, yao6no cBoAHTb e ra6nuqy no EExe-
    npn3_ npHneleHHofi Qopue.
    ^X.::y:Ti.! OoRuu u g Herugn Bbrpa3nrb onpeae;reHHoir r\poMe cnocoOa TpanerIHH,Arfl pacqera o,ttopox(Henxfl
    QyHKITHeR or z, To r.rHrerpHpoBaHHe
    ypaaneudn (2_lg) E
    Ha[oJrHeHHrrBo.toxpaHun]tua npuMenffor
    'aM'eflflroT o6uquo cyMMHpOBaHHeM no'cnoco6y rpaueqnfi. Qopuyay Cxun-
    coua u cuoco6 H. H. flaeroecrcoro
    tlo1.

    29
    B rtz flpnxeranne

    2-B.. BOAOCJTT{Bbr
    2- 9. K J I A CC H OH KA U H ' I B O A O C JH
    I BOB BoAocJrHsc ronrofi creHrofi npe.[craBnqer
    Bo,uoc.ltnsouHaSbrBaercs croRutaf, B orKpbrroMnoroKe Ky c aaocrpeHnoft rpouxofi, qepe3 Koropyn co6oft cr€H-
    nperpaAa (nopor, naclruua),qepe3Koropyronepen'Baercfl Henocp€trcr-
    BeHHo 4nv qepe3 cneunaauHsrfi Bbrpe3 B xoropofi nponc-
    BOAA.
    xo,lHT nep'enHB Botrbr; npH STOMn€penHBarouaflcfl crpyff
    flo rnuy cTeHKH (no'pora)'creHxor,r
    aoaoc.nnBu noApa3/IeJrflrorHa: conpuKacaercrr roJrb!(o c exolHofi xpovxofi H TonulHrra
    a) B,onoc.rrHBbr
    c roH'Kofi (6ni.-?IiE,i\'; creH_KH npu b <0,62Fl He BJrHfferHa xapaKrep HcreqeHHq.
    6) BoAocrnBbr npaKrrqecKoro npoqirm
    iOni'l_%,6); bolocrr.rs npaKTaqecKoro npoeH.nr HMeeT nnaBuee Kpr_
    e) noaourflBH
    c rxHpoKHM
    uopoior,it6nrl-C_zs,el. sorlrHefiHoe HJrrrroMauoe oqepraH[e.
    rnABA BTOPAfl. THnpAB,frHvECKHE pACrrETbr
    63

    @ue. 2-25

    Boroc.lrua c rrrHponr{M noporoM npeAcraBJrser co6ofi


    npflMoyro.nrnuft n'opor c &nunofi L, A,ocraTCIl,Hofi AJIfl
    Toro, ,rto6u Ha HeM nponcxoAr.rno nJraBHo HgMenflIolueecg
    TerreHHe,6.nnexoe K napaJrJreJrbHo-crpyfiHorvry(L >-2,5Hr.
    flo rnny conpqxerrHq crpyr{ c Hrrx<HHM6rcQou Botto-
    eIIHBbl noApa3AeJrrrroTcflHa:
    a) He3arotIJIe'HHbte, B Koro-
    cDue. 2-28
    pbrx ypoBeHb HI{)I(Hero 6se$a He B.nH-
    ff.er Ha pacxo.,l u KaprHHy rIepeJIHBa
    qepe3'nopof;
    6) 3aronJIeHHHe, B KoroPblx flpn r-rry6nHe Bo.ubrB Hfix(HeM 6seQe t{p, rne p - Bbr-
    ypoB.eHb HHxHero 6ueQa BJIuser Ha corya uopora co cropoubr HHxHero 6ueSa, a t- r.ry6uHa
    pacxotr H KaprHHy nepenltBa. B H H x f i e M 6 o e Q e , t s o l l o c J l l l Bc r r l r r a e r c f l H e 3 a r o n n e g -
    HbIM.
    Que. 2-26 ilo ycJroBI{nM rloAxora noroKa K IIo-
    pory BoIocJIl{BbI Ioil,pa3.4eJflIorcfl Ha: !,rr nesaTonJreHHoro BoJIocJrHBa pacxor Bo.qbronpe.(e-
    a) Bo.rocJIHBbt 6es 6oxoeono cxar,Hfl, Jrsercs no Qopruyre:
    6) B,oaoc.ltuBbr
    c 6oxogunucxarueM.
    Ilepeue npeAcraB.trqror co6ofi Bo.ttocJIHBbt,y KoN)pbIx
    tnupHHa noaxo.rffIlrero noroKa B paBHa uHp'nue BoAocJtllB- e : mob{6 i'', (2-20\
    Horo orBepcrur b sa roM x{e ypoBHe ITJIH,unaqe ro,Bops,
    notxo.aqqHfi K BoAocJHBy noroK Ha npnJlerarcueM K Bo- thf- tnto- xosQ$uqlreHr pacxoAa;
    .EocnHBy yqacrKe He HMeeT HcKpHBneHI{r .ttl'ttlt'tft,ToKoB B b- lllvtpuHa nopora;
    NJIAHE. f/ - nauop Ha [opone.
    Ec.nu uHpHHa BoaocJrlrBHoroorBepcrus b (Qnr. 2-26\
    MeHbIue urnpHnbr BepxHeFo 6ue$a B, To ucreqeuae qepe3 Kos$Qguneur pacxola nrs .4JIs npsMoyroJrbHoro Bo.Ilo-
    BoAocnHB npoucxoAuT c 6oxoebuvt cxarueM. cJrHBa c BeprnKarnnofi crenxofi B npflMoyroJlbHoM pycJle
    oflpeAeJlsercr tro Qoptrly.ne:
    o)
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    *ry- o,o'
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    ao,b5
    (+)"d*1, e-2,
    @ue. 2-27 r\e p'- Bblcora rlopora co cropoHbl Bepxueto 6ueQa;
    B - uu,pnna Bepxnero. 6re$a;
    H - nanop IraA rpe6ueu BoAocJIHBaB ,t;
    flo pacuoJloxenntcl n,opora B ttJIaHe BoAocJIlBbI [oApaa- b- unpnHa BoAocJHBa.
    .EenflpTcrr Ha:
    I ) HopManbHble BoJIocJIIJBbI c yrnoM a : 9ff l{exAy B ra6.n. 2-4 npttBe.q'eHbl3HarIeHHr xos$Suut'teHra p'ac'
    uoporoM H HanpaBneHueMnoroKa (S_ryf.Z-27,q); ^- -. xo,rla rzo rro 3Tofi Qopllyae Ans qlyq as. B:b (eoao'c.nun
    2, Kocbre BoaocJrHBbIc yrnoM cr (90o (Snr. 7-2-7-,61-; 6es 6oxoeoro cxatun).
    3i 6oKosble BoAocJlHBbIrlplt yrne c :0o (Snr. 2-27,a1. naq He3aro,nJleHgoro Bo,[ocnilBa 6eg 6oro'Boro cxarl{s
    xosSQHuHeHr pacxona M'oxer 6urs raKx(e onpe4e;r'en[23]
    2-IO. BOAOCJIHBbIC TOHKOHCTEHKOR no cJlelyrcuefi Qopuyae:
    (SHr. 2-28)
    tttq:0,402+ 0, 0544 (2-22)
    l. llpnrtroyroJlbHHfi eoAocJtHB

    flpruoyroauHutfi Bo.IIocJIHBc rcvsroft crenxofi npuMe- Ec.rrn ypoBenb BoAu B III{xcIeM 6leQe pacrloJloxeu BbI-
    ttflercfl KaK uau6o.nee pacnpocrpaseHuutfi H Aocraro'{Ho
    loqHuft H3MepHreJb pacxo.la H
    Bo.a,bl KaR SJIeMeHTrllApo-
    ruc rpe6nn BoAocJIHBa t > pi hn) 0 n L< (+) 'ro B
    coopyxenufi (n.nocrne sarBopbl, AoHHble noporn Ha opo- p \p /*
    cxreauuoit cern H T. n.). [Jo ug6exaHne npI'IJIHUaHHn
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    .qocrytr Bo3Ayxa. 6yeer saronreuuHfi (6ur. 2-28,61.
    PNNEN NEPB,IN.
    64 OEIIIHN

    Tadnu4a 2 - t
    3naqeuue xoeeeuqueHTa pacxoAa ms Arfl n p n M o y r o J I b H o r o
    B O A O CH
    J IB a

    Bsrcora nopona Bo.[,ocJIHBa p, B ,w


    H a n o pH e , u

    0,05 0.469 0,464 0,462 0, 4 6 1 0 , 4 6 1


    0.06 0.463
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    0,457 0,454 0,453 0,452 0,451 0,451
    00s 0,453 0 .449 0,446 0,450 0 .4 5 0 0,450
    0,443 0.442 0 441 0,440 0,4119 0,439
    0,10 0,45..1 0,447 0,442 0,439 0,437 0,435 0,434 0,439
    o,l2 0,461 o.447 4,440 o,433 0,433 0,432
    0,436 0,434 0,432 0.420 0.129 0 428
    0,14 0,464 0,44S 0.440 0,436 0,439 0 ,4 3 0 0,429
    0,16 0,469 0,42ti 0.426 0,425 0,424
    0,450 0,441 :0,436 0,432 0,429 0.426
    0,18 0,472 0 453 0,442 0,424 0 423 0,422
    0,436 0,432 0 428 0,425 0,123 0,422
    0,20 0,476 0,455 0.444 0 437 0,433 0,429 O,4zO
    0,22 0,480 0,425 0,422 0,4:0 0,419
    0,459 0,446 0,439 0,434 0,429 0,425
    0,24 0,4,i4 0.462 0,448 0.4:0 0 .4 2 0 0,417
    0 440 0,435 0,429 0,425 0,421 0,419
    0,26 0,4,:8 0.465 0.451 0,442 0,436 0,429 0.425 0.416.
    0.28 0,492 0,468 0,453 0,4:0 0,419 0,415
    0,441 0.438 0 . 4 3 0 0 425 0,420
    0,30 o'1nu 0,471 0,458 0,445 0.439 0 431 0,426 0,4i0
    0,419
    0.418
    0,415
    0,35 0,479 0.462 0,451 0,444 0.434 0,428 0,414
    0,40 0,496 0,469 0,421 0,419 0,413
    0,457 0,448 0.437 0.4:0 0,422
    0.45 0,492 0,474 0,462 0,452 0,48 1 0.412
    0.440 0,433 0,123
    0,50 o'3n 0,490 0,467 0,457 0,444 0,436 0,425
    0 419
    0,419
    0,411
    0,410
    0,60 0,491 0,477 0,466 0,451 0,441
    0,70 0,500 0 428 0,421 0,410
    0,465 0 , 4 7 4 0,453 0,M7 0,432 0,424 0,409

    ' 2. Tpeyro.nsHufi BoAocJrHB


    Ecrut > pi hn) 0, > fa),lo Hrrx{eBo4ocrrnBa
    "o3 (Qnr.z-29)
    o6pasyercnoror'aHunfi..
    nfr*o*t I J&"*nn 6yaer pa6o-
    rarb KaKH,e3aro'rrrreuuufi 2-28,e).
    ,(t"1.
    Bera.raHa or'oru.eHr{fi i-1 ) o[pe,leJrqerrrcff
    B 3aBr{c}r-
    \ P / r
    Mocr.r or orHorueur.rs! no ^ra6n. 2-_s.
    p

    rLue. 2-29
    Ta6.nuqa 2-5
    Tpeyro"rlrnnfi soAocflHB c roHKorl crenxoft
    o6uvno npu-
    0,8'l ',0 1 , 5 MeHsercfl npa H3MepeHrrrr
    I 2,0 cpaBHHT,e/rbHo,tre6o.{ruux
    xoro'B BoAbr, rJraBHbrMo6paaou B fltripaBJrnqecKr{x
    pol€x't4qecrux .na60parop'qx ,' Ha Ka*ailax
    pac_
    Lr frr.[_
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    I' 0, 0,675
    HbIX cncrelr. Huut" Bcero np,rrMeHsercfl He3arorrJreHHufi
    rpeyro.nruufi BoAocJruB_ c yrnoM 1rpH BepurgHe 0:g0".
    Pacxol qepe3 ranofi rp,eyro.r,nnirfi
    "bao*""
    .rlsercff no $opr'ryJre^q : l,4Hslz, vrJr\ no
    onpe.{e-
    HecKoJrrxo 6oaee
    ro.IHofi: Q:1,343H2'at .
    Pacxo4 trepeggatO,n.neHnrtfi BOAOTCJTLTB
    OIrpeAeJrfleTCff no
    Qopuyae: 3. Tpaneqou.qa,'rbHHfino4oc.ltHn
    (Sur.2-30)
    e: os*ob'l/S H"1", (2_28)
    rqe xoaOQEqEeHT o3 , RasureaeMbilfi ros$$Hqae*rro,M sa-
    TOIIJI€HHfl,rMo)KHoonpeAeJrflTr no
    Qopuy.nb:

    03- r,o5(1+o,r?)V+
    (2-24)
    Que. 2-30
    TJIABA BTOPAfl . TNIIPABJIHITECKHE PACITET'I
    65
    A.nn HsMepeHHnpacxoAoB n rado'paro'pllblx ycJIoBHflx H t/-
    -----_-_
    r\
    Ha opocHTeJrbHbrx r{ ocyrur{TeJrbHbrxKa,Hanax HHofAa npH- b- v' Il :
    Menrr,eTcqBor,ocJrHBc rouroii creuxofi, ltuercu{efi Tpaflg- pV2s
    qoll.4aJlbHotfi66rpe3 c yrJroM HaKJroHa6oxosutx creu6x u,
    : c o f l S t. (2-27)
    xapaKTepH3y€MbrMtg 0: . , n,pn K,oropoM KoMneHcHrpleT-
    + <Doprvry.na
    pacxoAa BoAocJrHBa
    cfl BJTHflHHe60,XOeOr0CXaTHfl CTpyH. PaCXOAqepe3 raXOfi
    Tpsrrrer{oHtra.nuHsrfi
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    r. e. pacxoA nponopqtloHaJreH
    e : mb{2n i'', Hanopy. I(oaQQr.rqnenr r( onpe-
    (rae nz:0,42) H
    uilH nptt H3,M'epoHldH B M : AenqeTcfl B pesynbTaTe TapHpoB-
    KI,I TAKOIO BOAOCJIHBA.
    Q: l,86bH''- (2-25\
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    xora oo --(0,5 tt/cerc w npu b )- 4H. tDue. 2-31

    4. Kocofi BoAocJIr{B 2-II. E E 3B A K Y Y MH bIE B OA OC JIH B b I


    (crm.Sur. 2-27,6) TIP A K TH IIE C K H X TIP OA H JIE H
    KoeQ$nunenr pacxo,na Ailr Kocorno BoAOTcJILIBa 6es 6o-
    KoBofo cx(arur, tto AaITHbIM oIIbITo,B B. C. Hmorraunofi B B,o4oc.n,urou
    [paKTuqocKoro nrpoQnnnMox(Ho [oApasAe-
    Hncturyle Bo.{reo, M,ox<HonpH,HHMarb raKI{M x€, KaK H .nuTbHa:
    ruItr llpsMoro Bo,nocJILrBa. 6eas a K yyMu bre, oqepqeH H bre tto K o' H Typ suxuef
    y i
    IloBqpxHocrlr naAatoqeft crpyu (,rcp,u,no.naHefi,uue)H ro
    ro,Mano'Myorrepra'Hnlo(nonurornaJrbHbre,Tparreqo'HAaJrbgbre
    5. Eoxosofi BoAocJII{ts u r. n.);
    (crur.Snr. 2-27,e) n €ee' pxuert{d' crn no gJI -
    B aK yyMH bre, o{opH B rI,H H
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    Eoxoeoft BorocJrHE ycrpa,rlBagrcfl A.IIff BbnnycKa BoAtil B urlusuofi rpaHLI, MeHbIULIMarrr,tocQepHo,ro.
    6oxoehre KaHaJrbr. Pa,cxoq qepe3 rarcoft B,onocJIi'IBMoxer
    6uttr o'npereneH [19] no Soptrty.ne:
    l. OuepraHrre BoAocJIHBHofirpaHu 6esnaxyyMHono
    Q : mb Vre Vtrp- po)"l'
    , (2-26) KprrBoJrHHefiHoro BoAocJIHBa npaKrHqecKoro
    l\*hz npoQuJrfl c BeprHKaJIbHofi HanopHofi rpansrc
    .
    r [ e z c-p - ^z ] a-90o
    ' (Qur.2-32)
    fu n h2- r.ny6nuu B KaIIaJIe B HaqaJI'es Kouue Bo-
    .[O.CJIHBA; 3ro oqepraHue Mo)KHo
    b - rauua tsoAocJlmBa; [ocrpor.rrb rro ra6n. 2-6
    4o-BbICOTa nO:pOIa BOAO€JIUBaHa.l[ EHOM Ka- KoopAr.rHarKpurepa- OOu-
    Hana; IIepoBa, AaHrrblx Ans HaIIo-
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    orBercrBlaa c rtIrIoM uopora 6oKoeoro tsCIAo. flpu Harrope, oriIHqHoM
    CJIUEA. or Ho: I tt, KoopAI{HarbI
    npo$urn BoAocnLIBa nony-
    qaloTcg yMHo)KeHI,teM Ha
    6. IlponopquoHaJlbHblfi BoAocJII{B pacuernufi Hanop Ho.
    (Serr.2-31) Bucora nnorHHbl onpe- @ue. 2-32
    Aefiqercfl soAoxossficrBeH-
    BoKoeble creHKH Inpolopru'IoHaJlbuoro BoAocJIHtsa oqep- HbIME TI TIIAPOTCXHHqECKHMH
    qnBalorcq rlo xpunofi, y.ubn.trereopxroutefiypanuenurcl: pacqeTaMr,r.Bucora ilopora c HHgoeofi cTopoHbf H BeJII{-
    qHHa paAl{yca saKpyrneHufl HocKa nJIorI{HbI R onpeAe-
    I r. B. }KeleSHrIKOB, f r , r , u . p a e a u u e c x o eo 6 o c n o B a H l , I e M e T o , l L o B
    peuuoft rH.iLpoI{erpHH, tlsr. Axarerultu nayr CCCP' 1950. Jrfltorcfl H3 ycnoBnfi raruenuq 3Heprfifi H nponycKa abAa'
    Ta6ttutta 2-6
    npoSuna nJIoTHHbI
    Koop,UlluaTbI KpltsortHHefiHoro oqepTanns. 6egeaxyyMuoto
    (no KPnnePY-OSHIIePoBY)

    l1,l- - l - i -- l --
    3,013
    lz,Bz+i lB,zot
    ls,+os
    , lslsrsl+,oSr
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    PASnEn nEPBbrH. OErqHn
    66

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    5. Vqer 6oxoeoro cx(arnc
    3. Vqer rroJrHorbtHarropa
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    . flpn HanopeH ) Ho (r4e Ho-pacveruslfiuanop)xosg-
    pLIUHeHT
    npu nepexore or n.nocrofi saAarruK
    pacxoAa craHoBr.rrcfl paBHbrM mr-mm^, tA€ t??n
    rcoe$QuuueHTnorrHorbl Haropa, a tn-x,oee$urlra,enr pac- npocrpaHcrBeHHofi,sBrffrorcq Berr.rrrHHa
    uraHoBoro (+)
    x o 5 a n p H p a c q e T H o MH a n o p e .
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    (+) cxatur'r rroroKa H oqeprasue 6u-
    M.oxHo nonb3oBarlca Q,opuy.nofi H. n. Posanoea [lZ]:
    KOB HJrH ycTo€B.
    3 i - H Eoxoeoe H B,e,prHKaJrbHoecx(arue rroroKa yqurbrBaercfl
    tns:a*(l-a]; 1,/ xoa$SaqHeHTor\,rpacxola m:Kmnn, rAe K e iaeucHMocrr{
    V ' H o ' p b
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    6
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    A u,y
    4. V.rer rrrnpnubrrpe6nn
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    IllrEpranarpe6iln Bo.4o,cJrHBa (Sar. 2-33) BJrnfierHa
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    THKaJrbHofi uanopHoftrpanlro H rr.rraBHo oqepqeHubrM Bxo.lt-
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    Quz. 2-Sl. lpafiurc us-MeHeHutr


    xoe{t{:u4ueHma
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    rJIABA BTOPAfl. N|)IPABNHVECKHE PACZIETbI
    67
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    Kar nn4so H3 rpaQura, npaKTnrrecKlr3aronneune Ha-


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    u,J U,6 Ul A,g gg


    r e.,1,063 2-12. B A K Y Y MH bIE B OA OC JIH BbI
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    oJLflsodocruga npaKmuqecKo?o npofiuttn
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    B ycrosx n.nn 6rrxax na3oB AJrs 3arBo.porB (ueHrurufi o'6teu KilaAKHTeJrarrJrorusu), qerra6egsaKyyu-
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    cruft o.4HHaKoBbrxpa3M€poB cpeAHee sHaqeHHe K a;,is nnrlcy c fio"'I]ocffMr a' H b' (Qur. 2-36). Eoauuarr nony-
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    K 1( n - 2 ) + 2 K 2
    r(cp (2-32)

    r,ue Kr - 3rrarreHne K A.rrfl npoMelKyroqHbrx oreep,crnfi;


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    6. Vqel BarofiJre]rus
    Quz. 2- 36
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    5*
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    Ta6nuqa 2-7
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    TJIABA BTOPAfl. TH,APABilHtIECKHE PACUET6I
    75
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    0,65 86,00 78,42 72,08 6 6 , 6 4 6 1 , 9 4 E 4 , 1 7 5 0 , 9 5 45,70 40,26 3 5 , 9 2 3 2 , 3 6 29,53 25, 2 1 , 6 0


    0,70 86,92 79,25 72,93 6 7 ,5 0 62,74 5 4 , 9 4 5 1 , 7 34 6 , 4 0 4 0 , 9 3 3 6 , 6 0 3 3 . 0t 3 0 , 1 6 25,57 2 2 , 1 5
    0,75 87,55 80,00 73,69 e,B,22 63,47 52,45 4 7 , 0 5 4 1 , 6 0 3 7 , 2 4 33,63 3 0 , 7 6 26,1 2 2 , 6 8
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    0,90 89,64 82,17 75,69 70,22 65,47 5 7, 6 4 5 4 , 3 9 4 3 , 9 0 43,37 3 8 , 9 6 3 5 , 3 4 3 2 , 3 6 2 7 , 24,13
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    I ,00 90,91 93,33 76,92 7r,43 66,67 58,82 55,56 5 0 , 0 0 44,44 4 0 , 0 0 36,36 33,33 28,57 2 5 , 0 0

    I ,10 92,00 84 33 77,92 72,36 67,54 59,64 5 6 , 3 4 50,75 4 5 ,l 5 40,72 3 7 , 0 5 3 4 , 0 0 29,20 25,60
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    1,40 95,00 87,08 60,62 74,66 69,87 61,88 5 8 , 4 5 52,75 4 7 , Q 6 4 2 , 6 4 38,91 35,76 30, 27,20

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    I ,60 96,64 8 8, 5 3 8 2 ,1 5 76,29 7 1 , 2 0 6 3 ,1 1 i;9,62 5 3 , 9 0 4 3 , 1 2 43,-t2 3 9 , 9 6 ; 6 , r 0 3 1 . 6 2 8 .1 3
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    1,80 98,09 89,92 83,54 77,57 7 2 , 4 0 64,23 6 0 , 6 7 54,9i 4 9 , l l 44,72 4 0 , 9 1 3 7 , 7 0 32,71 2 8 , 9 5

    1 , 9 0 98,82 9 0 , 5 9 8 4 , 1 5 78,14 72,94 64,76 6 1 , 1 75 5 , 4 0 49 55 4 5 , 2 0 41,34 3 8 , 1 3 3 3 , 1 12 9 , 3 5


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    g('):;' fl +
    -\
    I -Fr
    3. BoAoroK c o6PatnuM YKJIoHoMAHa rf
    (t<0) $l
    (\l

    PaccerREile$opuylu Anfl D/ r.'e xe,


    C2 C2R
    s (') :; (1l/r) -
    ",(l +"")
    2-27. nocrPoEHHE KPHBbIX cBoEoAHoH
    n o B E P X H O C T HB E C T E C T B E H H b IBXo A o r o K A X

    ecTecTB€HHbIX BOAOTOKaX,
    B
    noBepxnocrn
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    KOTOpbr€HauJIH Ce6e Upllueue-
    EIte B rnAporexHnqecx'ofi npaKTuKe' Moryr 6strs cBeAeHbI
    -
    I2

    Que. 2-58
    I
    r AByM ocHoBHbIM MeroAaM: uepeufi - MeroA H e rI'o
    PA?IIEJI nEPBbtn. OEUAn
    94

    fIe ( - xosQQHuHeHr Mecruoro conporH'BJIeHI{l'


    npnrtuuaeuufi nilfl paculnpflIou{Hxcfl y'Ia'
    crKoB paBHblM 0,5; AJIff cyxtnBalournxcfl
    YqacrKoB
    (:0;
    /
    0t
    I( - cpeanrn pacxoAHan xapaKrepl'IcrnKa pyc.lta Qs
    Ha yqacTKe; VqacmoxIIJ
    (ot H (o2- nJIoqa,lLH xl'IBbIx ceq'enrft coorBercrBeHHo Qz
    B HaqaJIeH B KOHqe yqacTKa; Qt
    I - wuua yqacrKa;
    Q - pacuerHutfi pacxo.u.
    a
    o6osHaque -^ (l + ():E , ypaegegl'Irc(2-81) u'oxuo
    2g' r li r
    rlpH.rIaTb BIII: ft T-

    llpanan qacrb ypaBHeHI'Ifl


    K2 fi) :ZZ*

    HsBecrHa;3To ypaBHe-
    3.u.ecb
    (2-82)

    fiLre peuaercfl no.n6opoltunw rpaQuuecxu.


    1 2 s 4
    2. Cnoco6 nocryJlara HeHsMeHreMocrH
    @ue. 2-60
    MOAyJIfl CO[pOTI'rBfleHHq

    Ec.nu npu rIocrpo€HIIHKpl'IBbIxceo6orHofi ll'oBep.xnocrla al ao


    ctrcpocrnono
    npene6pevt u3M'eHeHI,IeM sartopa,To H3 (2-81) corJl acHo' BbIIIIeI{3JI'oxieIIHoMyII ocTyJiaTy Ao.IIx -
    nonyqi{M e rt, {r,
    nu 6utu otrHHaKoBbrMI{.
    I
    6-Q'fr ,[.nq uocrpoeHllff KpHBHx ceo6o.u,HofifloBepxuocru scre-
    cTBeHHbrx BoAoroKoB neo6xorl'ttrlo npenBapHTeJIbHo tlo-
    A crpourr, rpaSuxr.r Qynxuuu F:f (z\ A,'Iq Kax-{o'no r43
    Orsourenue =:- : F aKa.4.flaeroecxu[l IIa3BaH'oM o - H€nocpeIcTBeHHOI4CnOJIb3yfl
    yqacrKoB rlo AJILIHeBO.ILOTOKa,
    Q2 ilNU HEAO-
    I4JIVT, CCJIU IIX HET
    ,qyJreM con porLIBJIeHHff. Toraa A =pqz.
    THAPOM€TPHqECKH€ NAHHbIE

    flpu o,qnoo6pa3HoM xHBoM ceqeHHH noroKa Ha AJIHHe craroqHo, npn noMoull,I pacq€ToB.
    .ilaHHofo yqacrKa BoAoroKa il ue6onaurnx naAeHnflx cBo- Ec.iln Ha ocHose AaHHbIx rnnpouerp'flttr€cKllXga6nrc,uenufi
    Ha Bp.AoMepHbIxnocrax I, 2, 3 tt 4_($ur. 2-60) 6yaer
    6o;tuoft [oBepxHo'cru Ha yttacrKe KaK B ecTecrBeHHoM,TaK
    ,r noAneproM cocroflHHu BoAoroKa (uro o6nqno co6.ttlo- nocrfoen paA npo.a.oJlbHblxnpoSu;refi noroKa, coorBercr-
    ByIoIiIHx pacx,oAalu Qu Qz, Qe H T. A-, To IIpH IIoMoUIE
    Aa,ercr B paBHHHHblx pexax) MoryJIb coIIp'orIiBJIetvs' F
    r I p a K T I { r r e cHK€H g a B H c H T o r y K J I o H a c e o 6 o . 4 - raKHX npo$u.nefi HerpyrHo n,ocrpourb rpa,$uxll .F:f (z)
    nofi noBepxHocrH r r M o l K e r 6 u I r r B b l p a x ' e uK a K Arfi Ka)K,4OrOyqacTKa Bo.ILOTOKa.
    Aeficteure.nrtto, Harlpl'lM€p, AJIff yrlacrKa III (Qnr.
    $yttxuun roJrbKo cpelueft orMerKll z ypoB:r's, B'oAbI Ha
    2-60) no AaHHbIv npo.$u.neft uoxito nafirn orMerKI{ z H
    JrqacrKe,r. e. F:;@, rle Z: srot\aH 3a- na.nesug A Ant Kax(Aoro H3 paccMarpnBa€Mblx pacxo/LoB'
    *tzt*zz).B
    IIpI{qeM
    I U l r c q a e r c qn o - c r y J I a T HeH3MeIIffeMOCTI'I MO-
    y J rf l C O n p o T l r B J r e HI { s .
    ' q -flycrr A. Ao
    Ft: Fz: -u ,. O.
    Ha AaHHoM yqacrKe Bo.qoroKa npu pacxo.qe Qr
    Trrt
    KptIBafl ceo6olHofi noBepxu,ocrn gaHHMaer [oJIo]I(eHHe
    aftr (Qnr. 2-59) H HMeer na.q,eHueA1, 3 rlpr pacxole Qz
    [OJIo)I{eHHeazbz npH na.Il€HHLI Az, npnqeM n O6OUx C.tty' flo ernu AaHHbrMcrpoqr rpa'Qur Sytlrutln F:f (z) Mfl
    qaflx cpeflHHrr orMerKa z_cp yqacrKe ytracrKa III u aHaJIorHqHo.[JIn Apyrux ylracrKoB.
    _ypoBHfl BoAbI Ha B sroM cnyqae Baxno BosMoxHo roqHee ycraHoBI'ITb
    ocra€Tcfl He Lr3 M e H n o fi.' B eroM cryqa€ BerlIqIdHbI
    pacqerHoe 3Haqegge ros$QH_uneHra uepoxoBarocrl'I llnr
    paccMarpnBa,eMoro yqa'crKa. Moaynl co[porHBJI€HI{fl onpe-
    I
    A€Jrffror no Bblpaxeuulo F:fr,KOTO'pbIM r1 noJlb3yrcTcf

    Anq uocrpoeHun rpaSuxa Qyuxunn F:f (z).


    Hrueq AaHHbIe o rHrpaBJII'IqecKHxSJIeM€HTaxB HaqaJIb-
    HoM I.I KoHeqHoMcrBopax raHHoro yqacrKa H srafl rosQ-
    K,
    QrtqneHt IlrepoxoBarocrll, HaxoAnr cpenH€e 3Haq'eHue
    orB€r{an[tee 3HaqeHI{Io cpeanefi orMerKH z ypo'BHs BoLbI.
    3aAaetxnct pfiAoM npou3BoJlbHblxgsaqesHfi cpeaHeft or-
    ru,eTKItz H BblcqHTaB cooTBeTcTByloillHe3HaqeHHfl Mo'.4ynfl
    coflporgBn€Hgg F, noJlyqalor .u,aHHbIe Nrfl' rlocrpoegufl
    @ue. 2-59 rpaQnxa Qynrunu F:f (zl.
    TJIABA BTOPAfl. THTPABJIHTTECKHE PACVETbI
    95
    Hs HsaoxeHHbrx BbrrrreAByx npHeMoB nocrpoeHufl rpa-
    HoM yqacrKe ;:zr+ |.
    t*n ronyqeHgoe sHaqenue
    Qnxa Qyunqnu F:f (zl 6'o.rreerorrublM rBJIH€rcff uepnrtfi,
    ocnoeaHHbrfi Ha Hcnonb3oBaHHH rnApoMer,putrecKux cpe.u,HefiorM€TKH coBnanaeT c [epBoHaqaJrbHonpHHffTbrM
    /ur-
    HbIX.
    3HaqeHH€Mz, N A oflpe,[eJeHo npaBr.rnbuo;rrpn pacxox(-
    Ha IrpHMeH'eHHI{flocrynara rIeHsMeHneMocrx{ocHoBaHLI
    TaK)Ke cnoco6 nocrpoeHHrr I(p,I{BbIxceo6o.u,Hofinonepxuocrtl A€HHu 3a,4arorcfl HoBbrM 3HaqeHHeMz, 6epyr no rpaQuxy
    rtp@. A. H. PaxuaHoea, cnoco6 onopHblx KptlBhtx ltflx. F tl suqficnffroT A v pacqerHo€Z no*u npugsro€ Ir Bhl-
    H. M. BepHaacrcoro H rpa$o-aHa.ruru,IecKl,Ifi cuoco6 III4CT,CHHOC Z HC COBNAAYT.
    aKaA. H. H. flauoecroro 1221. A
    Tor.4a ypoBeHb B HaqaJIe yqacrKa 21 : z *i: zz*L

    3. Cnoco6 npoQ. A. H. PaxruaHoea npHHltMaercrr 3a xoneqnrrfi ypoBeub Arfl cJleryrcueno


    yqacrKa I{ AeJraercfl aHaJIorHqHo noa,6op z F,tts. cneAylo-
    flycm lrMerorcn rpa$urn F:f {z), nocrpoellnble AJIn rrl,efo yqacTKa.
    BC€XyqacTKOBpaCCMaTpl{Ba€M,OrO BOAO,TOKa, H3BeCTeH pac- Kpoue cnoco6a HenocpeAcrB€HHoro cyMM14poBanvfl.n
    BuureynoMgHyrblxcno'co6oe, ocIIoBaHHbtxHa IIpHMeHeHItII
    x o a Q H o r M e r K A z x e x p a f i n e Mc r B o p e r . o c J I e A H € r o [ocTyJraTa HeLI3MeHR€MOCTH MO,Lynfl COnpOTHBJIeHHf, .U,JIS
    yqacrKa. 3a4amcq SHaqeHH€M cpe4Heft orMerKH z JpoBHfl [ocrpoenHrr KpHBbIxcso6oaHoft noBepxHocru B ecrecrBelr-
    Bo,u,brHa ['ocJr,eAHeM vqa,crKe It no rpaQuxy f :i @) Ha- HbIX BoAoroKax np,HMeHnlorcnrpaQuq€cKHecuoco6u H. B.
    xoAqr F u A:fqz. flpu erou cpe.IlHrs orMerKa Ha rag- /vtacruuxoro u H. H. Xepxeynnaee [22].

    2-E. THAPABJIHTIECKU n n PbIXOK.


    C O N P f l X E H H EE b E O O BK I I - A I I I E H H ES H E P T H H

    2-28. r'HAPABJ[ltrECKHn nPbIXoK

    fu,qpaerlrqecrnfi rlpblxoK npe,AcraBJIqer co6ofi flBJIeHI'Ie


    1 +8( # ) '
    (2-84)
    cxauroo6pa3Horo nepexoAa rloroKa ua.6ypHo'ro cocroflHufl
    (npa h'{/z*} a cnoxofirioe'cocroqHl'Ie (r r.ny6nue h"}h*)
    (Sur. 2-63).
    f-ny6uHu h' rt' h" Ao H 'tIocJIenpbllKKa Hocsr Ha3BaHHe
    j
    tu'-+lv';e;'-,
    B B a I t M H b I x , H J I Hc o n p f l x e H H b I x r a y S a u ,a p a 3 -
    gocrb HX h,-ht-a oflpe.[eJlfleT co6,ofi Bblcory tlpblxKa. p;uua ru.l,paBrnlrecKororlpblxKa onper'ernercfl no 9M-
    nnpr.rqecKu{\{
    $opuyaau:
    1. IIpux<or B ycJIoBHqxnflocKofi saAaqu Qopuy.rraflasroBcrcoro
    lr:2,5 ( 1 , 9h " - h'); (2-85)
    flpuueHeirue K [oroKy Ao tI nocJle npblx(Ka ypanueutlft
    ABH]KeHI{fl np,I{BO.{IlT K CJIe.{ypUIeMy
    3aKOHa KO.;I]lq,eCTBa
    ocHoBHoMy ypaBHeHHFOrHApaBnHrr€cKoroflpblxKa, cBfl3bl-- Sopuy;ra r{eptoycona
    BaIouIeMy )I{HBbIeceqeHl.Iflnolora d,o ( tl)- H nocJle (t e)
    rrpbr)KKa: / u : t o , Bh ' ( { e - 1) o ' t t (2-86)
    dQz-, --
    8' ' +orJr:
    9or 9oz
    fAe yl v vz -
    r.ny6i.r'Hn Ilorpyx(eHllfl qeHTp,oB TffX(eCTfi
    ceqegufi <,lt u rozi
    a. - xos$QHUHeHT Ko.'IuqecrBa ABHII{eH}Ifl' PaB- *h
    Hurii s cpelrleM 1,023.
    Bupaxeuue (2-83) A.ns nto6'ofi rly6nubl noro'KaEa3bI-
    Baercrl rIp bIx<rosofi
    0(ft):
    Synrquefi

    aAz
    r1 o6ogsaqaercs t
    0(h)-:* oJ.
    g (,)

    Vpaeneuue npbrxKa [oKa3bIBaer, uro Anfl 83aHMHbIx


    rury6uu h' tr- h" BeJr^HqHHbr
    K o B b I ,t . e . 0 ( h ' \ : 0 (h\.
    npuxt<ooofi Qysruun oAHHa-
    :.U-t,",1
    flpstxxoean $ynxuun HMe€T BIdA, nso6paxenuuft 'Ha
    Snr. 2-61, H HMeer MHHHMyMtlpn rpuruuecxofi r;ry6Hne -3rg
    h:hx. fpaQur upurxxonofi QyHxuult Jlaer Bo'sMoxuocrb
    JterKo HaxorI,ITb B3aHMHbrer.tly6ttHlt h' u ho.
    Anq npnuoyroasuoft Qoprrlm pycJa B3aHnHbIe ruy6nnu 4>ue.2-61. Kpuaote npugtctcosortQgnrcquu
    orrpeAeJrfirorcs uo Qopruy.nau: 0(h) u gdettonorteHepeuuceuewn 3(h)
    {' 2. [Ipnrxor
    'i ycJroBnflx npocrpaHcrseHHofi 3aAaqu '-z__

    =2f-, -4
    tFz=3
    4
    KFr=5 Ilz=4
    ' Fz= ,6
    tr'b -{4 4
    3 56789t0 t5 20 30405060at1lOtlrt
    T
    @ue. 2-64. fpaQurc dan onpedeneuun ettgfuun
    6 gcrtoeunx npocrpaHcrleHHotj. aadaqu

    2 n K 0 - t ?0 , )
    -I- tzFz*(F,-rt
    'l9r fr+
    + (2-871
    b
    rAe :2F ,^; B
    :Fz n :r.
    f T f
    -Iuz 3rc ypanueHne rBJrffercrr ocHoBHbrM ypaBHeHr{eMnpu-
    x K a B y c n o , B u f lnxp o c r p a H c r B e H n b ' f i sataql. B'yc-
    JIoBHflx nrocxofi 3anaqt gr : 9z -l [.r ypaBHeHH€11pe-
    Bp€rraercs B yp.aBHeHH,e(2_83).
    -t/ \o3(p(pHIIH'eHr p1 , xapaxrcpuayrcqnfi pacrurpeHne oc_
    T-----: - HOBHOTO noroKa B npeaeJraxo6.nacrn npbrxKa,'FznpaKTHqe-
    cKIt M.oxHo rpr{Hr4Marb Fr :1. Kosssnquenr ureAyer
    npHHlrMaTb:
    Eo
    upu ,->10 Ps:5+-0.
    O1
    @ue. 2-62
    Bn
    upn ;<10 Fz:3-i4,
    or
    ra1 Bo - ru?rpHrra Bo.AoroKa B HH)fiHeM 6rc$e.
    AJlfl BeJII'lr{HHbI
    tzl Mo)I(Ho upHHffTb cpe.r,Hee gHaqegHe
    m:0,25. VpaeueHne (2-87) flMeer c.nox"rfi Bvr!' H n,osro-
    MY peuarr ero npHxonHTcfl nyTeM nocJre.4oBaTeJrbHofo
    npu6.n_nxeH:r.frLrJrLtrpaQuuecru npr.r uououtll rpaQr.rra ua
    Qnr. 2-64.
    -,flpn ToM >re 3naqeHvn IT* , m:0,25, F,:l H Fz :5
    66.nuuras B3aHMHafl r.ny6nua h" a npocrpaHcrB€HHbrxyc-
    JIOBr'tflx[onyqaercn npu6.nu3HTeJrbHo B 1,5 pa3a MeHbtue,
    q€M B nJIOCKHX,T. e.

    2
    hnx
    3
    rye hd'- 66.nrffaq B3aHMHafl r.ny6uua B ycJroBasx uJro-
    cnofi sa4aun.

    n. H. Kyulrst nPeAnox,u.n AJIfl pacqera npocrpaHcr-


    BeH,HOTO npbrx(Ka HecKoJtbKo1411QQ
    rp€rrJeHHe,2
    AaHHOe HM
    orre-rrbno Mr <y3KJ4x>rr (tuuporcHx> 6ue0on.

    2 _ 2 9 . C O N P ' X E H H EE b E O O B
    OcuoeHuilaucxeMaMH rn.qp.ocoopyxenufino Sopve co-
    HpnxeHHff 6necpoe ffBnnrorcrr: c.\eMa Bo.{ocflHBa (Qnr.
    (2-65) H cxeMa Hcreqeaur H3-noA urnra ($ur..2-OO).
    I .Il. 14. , K y ru n n,
    Conprxennsre r.ly6uru ruilpaBnHqecKoro
    npH)KKa B npo_cTpaHcTAerHbtx |c.rloBnfx, clpoH-
    rerbcrBo' jt 2. 1950. "fn,tporexHHqecxoe
    2 flo rexHH.{ecKHM npHqHHaM H3noxenne ororo penreunrr Hc cuorro
    Que. 243 nonacTb B HaCTOSUIyTOrnaBy.
    TJIABA BTO?A,I. THI?ABJIn.tECKHE pACttEThl
    97

    Que. 2-62

    6) c'onprxeHufl, npn r{oropbrx B HHXHeM 6reQe ycra-


    HaBJrHBanrcffnoBepxsocrsnrfi pg}K4lurc enropofi cropocrefi
    Trila, npHBer€HHofo Ha Sllr. 2-87,6 (Hau6o.rrtru]recKo-
    p,ocTl'ly noBepxHoctu)
    Que. 2-65
    2-30. CONPflXEHHfl EbEOOB
    c AoHrrbrM PEXHMOM

    l. OcHosHbrepacrrerHbrecilyr{a}r

    i>,
    l
    n
    . l. t'

    @ue. 2-66

    Huxe npnnfra crreAyroqar cacreMa o6osHa,{eul,rfi: c xpu:nofi nqArropa rfifia c 1 or r"ry6uun fts Ao rury6ugbr
    H - nanob soAocluse (unu Han rreurp.oM orBep- h', , co,upaxeuuofi c 6uroeofi r.rry6rmofi t-h'/ (Qnr.
    "u t{,cTeqeHHntr3-,tl,oAIqura);
    cTrrq flpH
    2-68).
    .)
    tro
    l'n .2. lny6uya, coupqxeunas co cx<arofi, paBHa 6uroeofi
    Ho: H+ ;i- l !
    -f , rA€ uo-cKopocrb fionxoAa; hi:t. BT3TOMCJrlearerrpbrx,oK 6yaer He,nocp,eAcrB,eHHoy
    ft

    z- cx{aroro ceqeuas (Sur. 2-69).


    flepei[a4 (pasnocrr orMeroK ypoBuefi B BepxHelvr
    rr HH>xHeM6se$ax);
    a,

    a-6
    26:2 -1-
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    p -errcqlra flop.ora Bo[ocJrr,rBa
    c HEx<Hefo6reSa;
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    h
    I I - CpeAIIflff yAeJIbHag gHeprHg
    0-0 n'epxnenr,6leQa orHocr.rrrcJrbH,o
    IIoTOKa
    HauHu3ruefi
    B C€II,eHHH r.6t
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    I cl L r
    A.nq cnyqai ao,(ocfiusa F-/
    ?o: P * Ho, C !
    .unfl cfiyqan HpT€qeHHflLr3-Iro4 trlHTa cDue.2-68
    e
    -;_
    To: * /10,
    2
    rAe e - BbrcoTa orr(pbrTHfl rrIHTa;
    I - 6uroeafl rury6uHa B Hr.rx(HeM6reSe;
    hn: H-a - r.ny'6nna ltoATonJrenufi 'BoAocJIHBa;
    4 - YAe;lssnrfi pacxoA coopyx(eHHff (*la I noe. il
    urrzpfiuu).
    -
    Bce $o'prvrnrconpff)*reHns Mox<Ho noApaBAeJrHTb Ha ABe ----\
    ir-.-
    ocHoBHHe rpynnbr: \/r ),)/ ) t,

    a) oonpqx{eHuff, ilrpu Koropbrx B HHx<HeM6reQe co.opy-


    xeH,Hq Ha6flroEaercrr AoHHbrfi pexl{lr c xaparffepoM sIIIopbI I
    cKopocrefi nb (ua,H6o.n-'urue cr(orpocrt c
    Qnr. 2-67,a
    Y Ana); Que. 2-69

    7 3ax.125
    -'-riJ*I
    8g-}

    PAS,\EJI UEPBbrn. o6uIaa


    98

    l'h.-(l' Mex^y-cxarorr r.ny.unorthc fi


    6uHofi I ycrauonarct Kpr{Barr [roAnopa 6rrr,osofifrry-
    TH13 c 11 (Sur.
    2-711.
    2. h. -1. floc.ne cxaroft r.ny6uuu
    ---' ycraHoBnTcflpaBHo_
    uepunfi_p9xy-M($ur. 2_22)-'
    3. h")t. Mexay r.ny,6uuauH h.c n I ycrau.c.BHrcfiKpu-
    Ban craAa runa bs 1ipwr.i_z'iy.

    Que. 2-70 2' onpe4eJreH'e cx(arofi


    H conpqrKeHHofi nJry6r{H

    ___Cxaranrny6nua B Hrrx{H,eM
    ypaBH€HHs: 6r,eSe ft. oflp€r€JrfiercffH3
    hrct<h*

    KpuSaa (2-88)
    nodnopa
    rAe (,)c- TIJIOXIaAbc)r(aTono ceqeHHff;
    g - r<os@@rnlneur
    KoMeHAoBauuor? ..cKopocrr.r,.o,lpeAerqeuufi ro pe-
    aKaA. flaeJibecxsru ra6.n. Z_ZA.
    rrpffMoyroJrbH,oro ceqeHnfl trrocJrelnee
    __4n^
    I{M,90TBH,[] ypaBHeHIie
    cbue. 2-71
    T:hc+-oq' '
    2g,p,h?
    3- f-rry6r.na, conpr*.e'Hafl co clr(arofi, ueurure 6Hrosofi
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    2-X. rrEPE[rAAbrn EbTCTPOTOKH

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    105

    aw
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    l. BoAocnun c IITHpoKHM noporoM noArrop (Qur. 2-85).

    flpu AnIIHe 6oroebrx creuoK BoAocJIHBal>-2H (Qttr


    Ha ypoBHe AHa KaHana (nnu
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    Hee npuliqlofi u ilpH EecoBIIaAeHI{H
    crporr KptrByro no4nopa A'B', tuna afi Ao rny6HHbI h
    Ec;rit racr{reJlb ycrpal4Baercfl B BIIAe BoAo6ofittot? creH-
    H KpHByIo ef conpax<euHblx c h' rny6ur h"; ilepeceqeulle KH (Sur. 2-96), To Bbl'cora ee c AoJIx(Ha yAoBJlerBopfrb
    9THX KpI{BbIX Aaer CTBOp ft-ft, rAe a npoueofiler IIpbI- y,cJIoBHtoha: o h:;.
    x(oK.
    Mo>rso np'u6.nuxeuuo cqllTarb ha:t'-H r*c, orKy'u,a
    C.rreayer BcerAa Ao6I,18arbcs corlpfix<eHns 6ucrpoloxa
    CTEHKH
    c oTBoAffulHM KaHaJIOMIIyTeM 3aTonJIeHHOrO'rIpbIX(Ka. I4CKOMA'I BbICOTA

    flpu n,olyreHul{ conpfl>rerHtnflrlepBofi u.nu Brlopofi Qop- c-oh"-Ht.


    MbI CneAyeT IIOTaCHTbfig6blrOX gHeprIIE Ha 6utcrpOrore
    nHfu yarpoficrBoM yc[IJIeHHofi ltrepoxoBarocru- B JI'orKe' caeayer np'ogepuTb He noryrlaercg ItH oloruaHuufi
    nr6o iol66oftsnrn ITJIoAIIeM (utru- BoAo6ofiHofi creHKofi) npuxox sa eolo6oirsofi creunofi. Aluna so.[,o6ofiHoroKo-
    B KOHUe,6StCrpOtOXa. JIOIUA
    Vculenuan uepoxoBarocrb yB€JII'IqH'Ba€Trry6uHy B
    /* = 0,8 /n,
    ,IIorKe 6utctpotora, B ToM cucre u ;7Iy6IlHy B ero Korlqe
    -h', u yMeH;IuaeT conpq>t(eHHylo c neft rly6nny ho. rAe In- AJIIIHa [IpbIX(Ka, onpeAeJlfleMafi flo QOptrlynau
    (2-85) u (2-86).
    ,flpoQ. A. H. Axyruu [2] pex'orrleHry'erArI]IYy eolo6ofi-
    H,Orro Koro,Ilqa oflpe.(eJlqrb B 3T,oM CJyqz'e IIO soptrlyle:

    /*:BV r.d , (2-104)


    rJIe hy-rny6uYa B BoAo6ofiHoM KoJIOAqey KoHua JIor-
    Ka 6ncrporoxa B ceqennu x-x (Sur' 2-95); rae T o- yAeflbHal 3Hepran B ceqeHHH4-a ($ur' 2-96),
    h", -ruIy6I'IHa, B3avMHas c rJIy6HHoil hx B ceqeulln orHeceHHafl K HaI{HI'IeuefiToqKe AHa;
    x-x; d - ray6uua eoAo6ofiHoro KoJlorqa.
    o = 1,05=- l,l0 - xoa$$lIqueHr 3anaca.
    Tax KaK hx :tfid+Ls: o h*, To I{cI{oNIax rny6HIIa 2-38. YIIET A9PAUHH TIPH PACqETE
    EbICTPOTOKOB
    Kono4ua d: o ni-t- t z, r4rtr4c sanacoM d:o ni -t- ,
    3aecn L, z _'nepeua4 r.ny6nu ,IIpH rBL[xo,ue H3 Bo,[06'0fi- B noToKax c 6olrurpllrlr cKopocTfiMH ABHXeHI{fl Ua6.nrc-
    Horo KoJlo.u,qa. .[aeTcrr HacbrrqeHue ABr.rxyuleficq soAut BosAyXOM,KO',nOpOe
    flpn 6oltruoft AnHHe 6tlc, porox a h'r:h'o=h, u n*:n'o' AtA; fi- 6door., cev 6,orrr''e cKopocrb retleHgn. Cuecr
    PASIEJ| nEPBbrn. o6uwn
    lt0
    Bo.{blc B,o3AyxoMHa3brBaror r H r po c Me cb ro. ocHoguHM AaHHOMy,Ho nporeKarculufi B CTeH,KaXC rroBbrrueHsofi rue_
    Sarrcpou, BJrusmtrluM Ha rI{ApaBJrHqecKI4e gJreMeHTbr poxoBarocTbro n'- E n, rtrpuq,eM
    a3pHpoBaHHOnOnoToKa, flBJrfleTCflKOnHq,eCTBO./COAep)t(a_oT yKJroHa I perona,eHryrorcff rJtfl € e ,uu".""oa"rn
    cJre{yrcque ggaqeuus:
    ulerccfi B BOAe Bo3nyxa, xapaKTepr{3yerlloe orH,orxeHHeM
    o6ren,Ia Bo3Ayxa x o6reuy Bor.br u- aoaayxa. Olo orHorrre-
    HHe Ha3hrBaercff xoeSQH[HeHToM Bo3Ayxo,HacbruleHHs Lr 0 ,I - : - 0 , 2 0,2-+0,4 >0,4
    o6oeHa.raetcs F . OrHoruenue o6reua BoAbr x o6reuy
    cMecfl Ha3brBaercs rooQQuqueuT,oM BoAoHacbrrr{eHufl p.
    3rn xoeQQfiUneHTbr cBrr3aHbr rrlexny co6oft 3aBHcH- 1,33 1 , 3 3 - : - 2 , 0 0 2 ,00-3 ,33
    MOCTbIO:

    9:1-p'. Meururne 3'aqeHr'rflx,oe$srq,'eirra E orsocsrcfi K Ra:


    Cyurecnsyrcrr1He B Ha,crosrqee Bp€Mff np,r{eMbI p,eruerrHs
    :0,1-0,3, a 6oarru,He3uaqentfl-x Ro/ },l i.
    Bo,npoca o ABHXeHT.TU agpHpoBaHHbrx [oToKoB ocHoBaHhr
    Ha cJreAyrouurx AonyirleHHfx: 2_39. YCHJIEHHAfl IIIEPOXOBATOCTb
    l) coAepx(aquftcs n BoAe Bo3Ayx HecxHMaeM; HA EbICTPOTOKAX
    2) orcyr,crBy€T cKoJrbxeHr{e nysbrpbKoB Bo3,(yxa oruo-
    cHTeJIbHOBOAbI, T. e. cKOpocTI{ ABLIX(,eHHff
    [y3brpbKoB, BO- D,ns yru€HbureHr{fl cKopocT' H yBen'qeHufl 6'roeor?
    AbI H CMECH O,I.HHAKOBbI. r.ny6unsr Ha 6ucrporoxax [pr4MeHflroT y,cEJreHHyrouepo-
    3tu Aotryqenufi trrosBoJrfiFor pziccM?TpHBsTb aapHpo- XOBATOCTb.
    BaHHyro B'oAy xax Hecx{rrMaeMyro cpeAy v [pHMeHsrb K KpunonuruefiHueey6rr (0nr. 2-gT) Aaror yBeJrrqe'r.re
    tteft 3dr{oHbl rr,IApaBJrHKH. xoeQ$uqu,eurauepoxoBar,ocrl{ 40 n:0,122.
    !.nn agparpoBaHnorofiorora, o6oaHarraeMoro LrHAeKcoM o, npauoyroJrbHbrx rorKoB c TaKHMH gv6rsun
    .[;rn fl_pqMoyroJrbHbrx
    Ars sy6rrun uasa oc_
    MbI 6yaena l{Merb cJre.(yrolrlre ocH,oBHbr,eypagueHurr: soee na 6op aropH brx rrccJreAoBattuit 6sna y,ciaHon.ueH
    a CJIE.
    cJre-
    @ ao a i AyIOUIafi 3aBHCHMOCTb:
    Qa:
    A;ts o6uquoro rroroKa
    (2-l0e)
    Q-oui o:pr,ra,
    Q:FQo. (2-105) 0.00084
    flpoQ.A. A. Ca.6aHeeecqnraer, qro
    0214+
    u,orepr.rHatr,oparrprr R
    paBHoMepHoM ABHX(eHnr{ aspHp,OBaHHOIOIOTOKa flOArrr.r-
    HfiIOTCffKBaIpaTr{trHoMy SaKoEy c,o,np,oTr{BneRufl H K HeMy
    Mo)KIIo rpr{Merrrrrb $oprrryay IIIesu

    oo- C"{ Roi , (2-106)


    r.4e Ca H .Qo- coorB.ercrBenrro rcoeSQuquerir H ilrgpaBJrn-
    q,e,cxafipaAuyc agpupoBaHHoro noroKa.
    flpx stou ruApaBrr4r{ecKne3JreMeHTbrlroroKa rtpu paB-
    H'OMCpHOM AiBLI)KeHllH M'OX{HO HaXOAHTb, KaK !.Jlfl CACTOI1
    BoAbr, Ho [Ipn tt,oBbrureuu,oM3narreuun xoeS$ttqueura rne.
    n
    poxoBarocrrr. n'-
    B
    .[ng oupeleJleulirfl cr(opocrll agpl{po,BaHH,ororroroKa ttpru
    paBHoMepHoMABHII(,eHIIH, KaK yKasblnaer npo$. A. A. Hn-
    qHnolpoBl{Il,I M,ox(H,o
    AJrffAepeBtHHbIx JrorKoB npu Ro(0,3 nt
    rlpl{Merlflrb sMnxpurrecKyro Qopuy"tty:

    c'o- 55R!s2 io'4,


    a E,ns xoss,(puqiaeHTaBo,u,osacbluleHHfl

    (2-t07)

    Ans 6yroeofi KrraAKH(npu t<0,48) npo$. A. A. Hu-


    qHnopoBEqpeKoMeHAyer cJreAyroulue3aBI{cuMocTI{:
    rofol
    (2- 108)

    Ans pacqera HepaBHoMep,Horo ABHx(eHHflnpo$. A. Aj


    Huunnoponuu ttpeAJraraer paccMarpllBarb aspHpoBaHHbII'I
    IIoroK, KaK Srznriznuurft H€a3pI4poBauHrtfi, AHAJIO'THqHbIII
    I A . A . H n q n r o p o B n v , E u c t p o r o K n ( r ' ; r . o x y p c eH . l l . A n u -
    o.truosa-l'u.q,porexnHqecxue coopy)KeHus, T. I, 1934). @ua 2-97
    TJIABA BTOpAfl. rHnpABJrHtlECKrrE pAcrtETbt
    tll

    @ue.2-100

    I 009: 5 0 , 5 - 3 , 3o * 0 , 2 p .
    C
    Que. 2-98 floc.neAnte ABe 3aBr{cr{Mocru ,(aubr a.us 8 }- o}-5.
    1 000
    fIpH yrcnoHax, orJr'rr'brx or 0,ll-) , B e J r H q I , I " y - c , H a f i -
    -/HI,I,H Mexqy BbIcry[IaMH 1,5 u u R:ho rooQQr.rqa€HT 111e- A€HHyro tto BbrrrreflpnBe.[enHarM
    Qoprrly;rau, Hyx{Ho yMH,o-
    poxoBarocru l{Meer gHaqeuue n:0,068. THIL Ha ttorpaeo,rntrr? rosQSraqrr,eur k, egsrbrfi us ra6n.
    Becuaa xopoulrM nprdMepoM 6ncrpolo'ra c ycr.IJresH,oft 2-37.
    ruepoxoBarocrbp ffBJrffercfl nJroroxoA Me)KAy peKaMII lla- Tadtutqa 2-37
    yrtoft u ,llayraeofi (cxouctpyuporauunrft LIHx. Kpeficne-
    poM) (Qur. 2-99). llonpano,rHblft xoeQsuqwesr k
    Jlorox llpffMoyrodrbHoro ceqeur{fl HMeer rulzpttny b:
    :2,66 n, rly6uny h:0,6:1,0 u H y,KJr,oH
    l:0,03. Bu,co-
    Ta 6aprepoo cocraBJrffer a:0,5 tt, paccToqHae lvrexAy
    6aprepanrn l-4,25 ,r; rosQ$uqueut
    - uepoxoBarocru, IIo
    'p€yJlbraraM na6arcAesnfi, brasa.ncn paBHbIM: n:0,05
    a a
    E'p H = - 0,5 u n-Q,12 npn _--0,8.
    h ' h
    Huxe npmBo.u,fiTcflAaHHbre p$yJrbraroB la6opatopublx
    acc.IleAoBannfi A.ns pa3rurrHbrx rlrtroB yctuenHofi uepoxo- n) TpeyroJrbHbre sy 6bfr, pacnoJro>K,eHHbre
    galocral. llp,u enorrr o6osHaceuo: no reqeHr.rrc (Qur. 2-100,o)
    b ^ -h s._
    -l o- ;o-o- A - 0 , 6 7 o + 1 0 , V p ,
    :o'
    P H
    n a
    L

    a) flonepeqHbre pe6pa vs npflMoyroJIb- rge BeJr.rrruuaA 6epercn uo ra6a. 2-38.


    HbIx 6.pycKots ($rar. 2*100,a) r) 3y6tr, pactroJrox<eHHhn r ep o r H B T e q e -
    n r{ s ($ur. 2-100,a)
    I 000
    : 4 7 , 5 - l , 2 c| 0 , I P , e
    C: lg0 : A - ' l ' 3 3 o a l o { P '
    c:
    r.qe C-roaSQuqr{enr IIIeen.
    n Soprray.ne
    r4e BernqtrnaA 6eperca no ra6l. 2-38.
    6) llonepeqHbre pe6pa If3 oKpyrrIeHHbIx
    6pycxoo (Qun.2-100,6) Ta6au4a 2-38
    Bernr{PrHur.4

    0,06 o,oe o,r,


    Tun sy6len i

    3 y 6 r n , p a c n o n o x ( e H H b r en o T e -
    qeHHlo
    <Due.2-99
    3y6ra, p*acrroJroxeHHbrn
    epori4B
    TeqeHuff
    ! E. A. 3 a l.r.a p a H, I4cryccrnennafl rrrepoxoBarocrb, Hay,111"r"
    s a n H c K HM H H B X , 1935.

    & _
    PA3NEN NEPB6IN. OEIqHH
    1t2

    @ue. 2-l0l @ue. 2-102 cDue.2-103

    A ) I l [ a u r r t I , p a c n , o J r o x r e H H b ]tet o A H y B u r a x - 6o.nrurono yKJroHa, ocyrle,crsrqeMoro B BMAe KoHcoJrH co


    M a r H o M r o p s . z r K e ( S u r .2 - 1 0 1 ) ,crpy€H&rr,pzBJrflror{HMHocKoM B Koilrqe ee ($Hr. 2-104 u
    r05).
    _l 00c flpeoqoae;Bd€Mo€ KoHcoJrbrotta4euve o6osnaquM H€p€3s1,
    -:52-5,1o-0,8p. nanenHe Hr,Ixe [epenaAa - e0p€3 s2, a ,o6q,ee naIeHHe
    rrepe3 s:
    e) Oaus'oqnlrft 3Hr3ar (Snr.2-102)
    S: Si* sz.
    I 000
    :85,8-3,3c-o'BP s]
    c o6osHarIHM orHoIIreHLIe : f,, mrAa sr : ns Ll
    (8>o>3,5; 6>p>l). s
    s2: (l-a)s.
    l r ) , i t u o f t u o f i s r r r s a r ( Q u r .2 - 1 0 3 ) I4g qeprex(a Ha Qnr. 2-105 Mox(Ho cocraBuTb raKoe
    ypaBHeHr{e:
    I 000
    ^ : 1 1 6 , 1 - 6 , 1 o - 1 , 2 3 ; ( 1 , 2< o < 5 ) . il:tts*/'sin0-H; (2-110)
    C
    npl l 0:0
    X,nn rllnoB lrrepoxoBarocru rIpH yKJIoHax,
    ".i 0b0..*r, il-ns-,H.
    orrurlnblx or i:0,15, BeJrraqnHy ^ cJrenyer yMHoxHTb
    Vnrrou KoIIcoJrHr.r,pa3Mepbree [olepeqHoro c€qeHufl
    Ha k (ra6.rr.2-39). AoJrlr{HbrAaBarb uau6onruryrc cKopocrb reqeHnfl rro KoH-
    coJlrt He 6o;lee AonycKaeMofi,,gmax,cooTBe,Tcrnyroqefi
    paB-
    Tafttuqa 2-39 HOMepHOMypeXHMy Ha KOHCOJTIT.
    3Haqenus KoeQ$uuuetrrak Aa.nrgocrb rroJrera crpyn c H,ocKa
    '
    l t : 2 9 2 n s c o so If s i n ' o 1
    L
    ftcosB+2s(l-n)
    sin20 * (2-lll)
    2gzns
    flpu ropr.rs,onTaJrbHoMfirocKe
    llo sQ$exrzeHocru rarueHufl 3rreprl{H Tr4rrbr yclr.ueunofi
    u€poxoBaTocTlr paclloJraf aroTcg B TaKoM nopsAKe: <<}K>>, Ir: p {r^th +,t (t-")l (2-l 11',)
    (€), (3)) H <<6>>, <<r>>.
    Becrua e$SerrranHbrM TI{rroM ycnneunofi urepoxoBarocru Ec.na upeuedpeubBgrrugn,n'ofi f,, lo
    B JI9COCIIJISTBHbIX JIOTKaX Tpafl€UOHIaJIbHOIO ceqeHl{ff c
    6,o.nrurnvr yKJroHoM [7] oxasarucb .(,onnbrenon.epeqHbrenepe- h:2v s Vn(l-nf,
    nopoAKH, cna6xesubre floBepxy napofi peeK (ctut. r.r. 33,
    Qur. 33-6). tlpn R:0,4 oHH Aaror n:0,020. nAe <p- roe$Suquenr, yuuruoarcqufi ror€pu Haropa or
    fulpaenuqecxuft pacqer ycuaeuuofr uepoxoBarocrli sa- Haqa",'rbHoro ceqeHl.rfi Ao KoHrleBofo ceqeHlrfl
    KJlnqaercfl ts atr6ope raKoro rr{Jra €€, roropufi o6ecne- HOCKa.
    q[BaJr 6u cropocrb reqeHr,rfl, He npeBbrurapuyrc npe,{eJlb-
    ttofi - omax; ,
    flo Aaussrrrr Q, i, b, omax HaxoAffT r.rry6nny noroKa h, Kpufuncna1abn
    rllApaBnl4,recxufi paAnyc R, ornoueuse p u neo6xo-1uMoe
    t
    sHaqeHne ; nln roe$$lrqueHr ruepoxoBarocru tto InKaJIe
    L
    (ra6.n. 2-18), no KoropbrM 14 noA6upam ueo6xo;ttturtfi
    THII IIIepOX'OBaTOCTH.

    2-40. KOHCOJTbHbTE
    nEPEnA'u.br
    KosconruufinepenaAo6nrquoycrpatlBaloT
    B KoHueKa-
    ItaJroB, JrorKoB \nfr c6poca crpyu Ea Bo3MoxH'o AaneKoe
    paccrofiHHe. Kottco.nrsuft [epeIIaA cocroHT [13 .rlorKa Que. 2-104
    TJIABA BTOPA6I.TNI|PAE,NHITECKHE P.ACTET6I
    113

    I
    Que. 2-IA7
    <Due.2-105
    TbrBaercrr aHaJlor[rqHo r.rry6uue el>lo6ofiifcro Ko.[onIIa 11
    JrorrxHa yloBnerllopxrb (Sur. 2-lC7) paoen.:rBy:
    HocJeloeaHHe ypaBHeHHrr nil'- lt BbrnoJrHeHHoe nHX(. 2

    6. A. M_auuauoM,.npuBo,lrrr K cJreAyrour.rMsbrso,qaM[22]. 6 k.:Att,


    flpu 0 :0o uau6o.nuruan raJlbnocrb rr,oJreracrpyu no-
    ryl{aercs rIpH n:0,50; npH 0:0o +- 30o uau6onuuaq rle hf -
    , l l
    c r"ny6nHofi,hg n cxaroM
    r.ny6uHa, conpfix<eHuaR
    .lanbHocrb [onera coorBercrByer 3Haqe'Hr.rflM n:0,5-:- 1,0.
    CCI{CHHI,I;
    Ha npaxrure yron 0 npuHunaror or 0o .4o l5o, a n - o- roedrSHuuellr, xapaKTepHayrcullrft creneHb 3a-
    oKono 0.50. o:
    ronJreHufl upblx(Ka (cu. r. 2-32\;
    O6osHa,{HMqepes p yro;r, c,o€TaBJtffeuolftHanpaBJrenueM : 1 , 0 5+ - 1 , 1 0 .
    crpyll c ropasoHroMnpu naAeHurree Ha auo ($ur.2-106).
    TorAa rrfl roptr3oHTa.nruofi H neptnralrnor? co,craBJls- fIo"[Haq rny6uua BoAst ,B BopoHKe pa3il{bIBa to:t*d.
    roillnx cKopocru o 6yayr paBHbr: vle.nunyro sHeprHFo re caefl]er B 3To'M c;-I]Ha€ . 6 p a r u ' n
    r{oHqe cTpyeHanpaB.IlfirculeroHocKa I{ orpeAeagrb no Q op-
    L,x-- 9{ 2gns cos0; MyJre:
    q
    aui
    oy: -V 2e ?2nssinz0 f gffrcos
    0f 2(1-n) s]; To: s':* h+d+ (2-113)
    (2-rt2) ,C
    ,l -

    [ 2 s1 l nV2)+ lacos 0l;


    BopoHxy p&3MbI'Bd npuHHMalorrpeyro.rluHofiSoprtu c
    292ns sinz0 * lr cos 0 f 2s(l-n) o r K o c a q uI : 1 , 5v t n ul : 1 , 7 5 .
    2gzns cosz0 Bnu4y r,oro qro sror flpHeM pa'cqera oqeHb npIaMI{THBeH
    14lt.e -vquTsieaer poaa rpyuTa. cite.ily'eTBB'orHTl nexoropltfi
    3anac, oflpeAsrlqfl nau6o.lluryrc ruy6uHy KaK
    flpu 0:0 a h:0
    d t : s d ,

    o: {zg'1l - n + n g z ) u t g P :
    +{ l-n
    n
    Tar, uanpHMep,
    i \ 1 .
    'C.
    B u s
    e > 1 .

    .IIJIanJlorgoro .n€cca npHHHM2lsle :2'


    r o p e K o M e H n y € rs H a q e H H te : 2 -+2,7'
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    -Hux. .
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    u y rHa HHxHero6ue$a. ^p a c q e T a B o p o H K ] .p a 3 M b l B a -
    Ha upaKrrlKepacnpocrpaHeHnpocrofi np'IreMonpeAene_- Crpyn, yAapnflcb o AHo Huxtuero 6ne$a (cvr. Qur- 106)
    pa3'
    n,oponrr.rpa3MbtBa,o6pasyeruoftnaa.arcueft r I o A y r . n o m p ( p B F ; p a x a e T c n B p a - a ' H a H a x ) ,
    HHfi r.ny6r,rnur
    Ha rpyHr crpyefi; sror npueM ocEoBaHHa roM, qro ruIy' renflercfl Ha aBe caMocrot.lre.{bHblecrpyn A n B, TeKyurue
    a Qn
    6tlua uau6o"tiirueropa3Mbtead B HH)I{HeM6ueQe Paccqfl- B nporHBononoxHble cropoHbl, c pacxo-[aMH Qe ,
    lpr4qeM Q:4 e lq n . Pacupe,u,eJl€HHepacxo-{oB Mauuan
    [pHHHMaeTnO TaI(oMy 3aKO'Hy:

    9q H Q n : Q
    Qra,: ,E ('

    .Ilonycxan,qTo cpeAlH3cK)pocTEB crpylx paBHblMe)K-


    Ay cotioft u'paeuri o, Mcx(Hosat'trr r.ny6uHtt norar-z h4
    n h B CJleBa H CIIP'aBa oT MeCTa YX,aPa:

    ge Qs
    f u a- - n itE (2-114)
    Que. 2-106

    8 3ax. 125
    It+ PA?,qEJI NEPBHN. oEann

    6)

    M
    cDua.2-108

    [Tpunne ho n hB 3a cx(aTbre r.ny6raul hg, Moxno or- B3aHMHafl c r;ry6ruoi


    peAenurb ray6nHtr pasMbrBa dA H d; .h" B ,cxaroM ceqenrlu Ha ypoBHe
    aHarorurrHo rtpa_ Borbr B Hr.rx(H€M6ne$e) , to k:1,J4-
    BeIeHHOMy Bbrrue pacrreTy. Eg{n a}aaorl (rae- uoon- AolycKaeMafl cr,opocrr),
    m
    I,Inx. 6. A. Mauuau ycraHanJruBaer rprr xoaQ$uqueur ft np'H,Ma-ror no t66n. zJo-"-!r""o""o-
    Sasnr ,pa3_ crlt or Berurrutrbr yrfia p, nupaxellH,oro B rpa.4ycax.
    MbIBA:

    . -a) EHTeHcHBH'ocrbpasMhrBa ctpynuu A u' B omtyaKo{Ba


    (Qur. 2-108,a);
    6) r.ny6uua pa3MbrBacrpyefi / .qocrnraer BeJrr{quyud4, Tadttuqa 2-40
    AoctaroqHofi nilfl saronJreunfl crpyn A, n cJreBa o6pa-
    Syerctr [oBepxHocrHrrfi BaJreu, uornouranuuri ns6Hror S naqeH nn roe$QnqneH ra ft
    gHeprHH, rrocJre qero narbnefiruufi pa3MbrB
    cJreBa npeKpa-
    THTCfl;
    n) r.ny6nua pa3MbrBacrpyefi B .uocruraer BeJrurru*g du,
    rograroqso' tlJrr saro.rrJreHr.rflcrpyn B, n noBepxHocnruifi t2
    Balerl npHnBHraercfl K crpye (Qar. 2-108,6). B 3anac
    r.ny6auy pa3MbrBa creryer Haxo,.{r,rrbB upernoJrox(eHHE,
    qro Bec_b pacxo/t ocHoeuofi crpyn Teq€T B HanpaBJr€HHH
    crpyr{ B. O6uqsue rpyH rbr H
    lsruya B,opoHr(npa3MbrBat:lI*I6 ckaJrbE brerpyuTbr(noc.
    Ann uy6ruu BopoHKr{ pa3MbrBa B HH}KHeM6se$e npn n9 ,4n[TeJrbH ofopa3-
    HecBfl3HoMrpyHre npo$. A. H. flarpauree ua o.cHoBere- vuea) . 1 , 7 2,0 214 2,7 3 , 3
    operarrecKux HccJreAoBaHl{fi upuxoAHT K raxofi saBucr.r- O,refi r caa6ue rpyuTbr
    MOCTH: (n.nsrnyxu) 1 , 4 1 , 8 2 , 4 2 , 8 3 , 3 4r5
    to :3,9q0'5 (2-115)

    r.lle Zo- VI€nbHaff SHeprl{fl IIOTOKa B KO,HUeCTp,yeHanpaB-


    nrtouero HocKa orHocHT€JrbH.oceo6,or,Hofi tto-
    Bep{Hocrn Hr.r}r(Herg6reea, r. e. t{acleusue 3HaqeHHs roeQQuur.reHra /:
    agpauHn oa cJre-
    .4yeT Ha3HaqaTb B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BeJrr{qHHbr
    cr(opocrH 0
    J o : s 2+ h - t - F " v ? ( 2- 1 1 6 )
    u r.ny6uHur h B KoHueB,oMceqeHHH crpy€Hanp,aBJrrronlero
    2 s ; HocKa tro AaHHbriura6n. 2_41.

    drc - aeficrByroutnfiat,talr€rpsepeg rpyrrra B ilrr (rue,nr-


    Iue KoroponoB rpynre 900/6sep€Hno necy); Tafttuqa 2-41
    q - yaelrnufi paaxoA.
    3H aqeH H qxoeS S uuH eH Ta agparrnu oa
    IIpo$. M. C. Bul3ro, Hcxo/rnH3 Teopr.rurr.rApaBJrnqe-
    cKoro npbrxKa, floryqnr cJrefyrouyro $oprrlyny AJrrronpe-
    AeJIeHnrrr.ny6nnsrBopoHKHpa3MbrBa:
    t1.: q^ kqo'' ,3'" , (2-rr7)
    rIe or - xoe$SnUuenr agparlHra crpy,H, oup'elurReuufi
    no ta6.n. 2-40;
    & - xoeQtruuueur,3aBucsu(Hfiot cnoficre rpyura B
    HH)KHeM 6reQe n or yrna P (cu. ra6n. 2-40).

    Ec.nn a l aosr(.o" r: ' nputreMhH- r.ny6rua,


    | ,4th"
    TJIARA BTOPAf,. THIIPARTII,IqECKHE PACGIETA
    115

    2-3. ITIAXTHbIEBOAOCEPOCbI

    Illaxrnufi noAoc6poc npeAcraBJl.fler co6ofi


    aoAocnHB r(pyroBoro oqepTaHHf B IUIaHe
    (noponxy), c6pacunanuufi soAy B HuxHnfi
    6re$ qep€ BepruKaJrbHyrouaxry r{ orBoA-
    ")
    uoft ryHne.nr ($ur. 2-109,a). I
    - IlIaxrnufi eo.uoc6poc cocronr H3 cJreAyn-
    uIHx ocHoBHux qacleft:
    a) co6xpare.nrHofiBopoHKH C NJIOCKI{M
    rpe6neu (Snr. 2-109,6\ Hln'u6es nJrocKoro
    rp e 6 n a ( Q ur . 2- 109 ,a );
    6) nepexoArroro yqacrKa - ulaxrbl nepe-
    MeHHOTO.rLHaMeTpa;
    u) nepruxa.nrHoft maxrbr;
    r) KoJreHa, coeAuHffrouero uaxry c orBo-
    .q,qulHM TyHHeJreM;
    A) orBoAsuero ryHuefls (ropnsonraJlbno-
    ro HJru c yrnouorrr).
    flponycxHax cnoco6socrr ItraxrHoro Bo-
    a,oc6poca onpeAerqercs no Qopuyae:

    e : !2" R 1[6 ry;,,, (2-r r8)


    rAe n-roeQ$ruueHr pacxoAa:
    R - pannyc Boponlfi;
    9
    a-o
    f/o:H+ ^ ;
    zg
    If - nanop na rpe6rie BopoHKLI;
    tts - CKOpOCTbnoAxOAa K. BOpoHKe.
    I(oe$Qr.rur.rent pacxoAa ItraxrHoro BoAo-
    c6poca-n,o otlblraM Ka'HA.Texs. nayx H- Il. Que. 2- 109
    Posae [18] Moxuo oflipeAerlflrb .tto Qoptuy.n'e:
    m : A E ",
    r.ue A5- rm$$uuuenr, saeucqqnfi or npo$r,rra^sxoA'Hofi
    BopoHKlt,onpeAeaxeuufiuo ta6.n. 2-42;
    Ta1ttuua 2-42 a - IIOKa3ar€JIbCTetteHH,o[pe4eJlfieuufi TaKxe no
    ra6t. 2-42.
    flpe.nelrnue
    3HaqeHuq B

    2-4r. P A C qE T B X OA H On B OP OH KH
    l. Tosrafl crerlKa I{ KoHH-
    qecKH cxol'sluatcs . . 0,3930 , 0 7 8 2,25-20
    2. fl apa6oruqecKoro oqep- 1. Boponra c nJIocKHMrPeSHeM
    ranur (6es noABolflue-
    ro yuacrra) 0,3670 , 0 8 6 5 , 6 - 2 5 (no npoQ. A. H. AxYrrEuY[4])
    3 . t l a p a 6 o J r r { q e c K o r oo q e p -
    T a H H Rc r ( p H B o n H n e fsi u u a _IP{senr (Qur. 2-l l0) trpuueuser-
    Bopornna c IIJIoCKEM
    no,[Bo.u,null,lM yqacrKoM crr nprr ycJIoBHHR>7.H. Pa.uuyc BopoHKI{ npn HaTHIIHH
    npH HanHqHH npoTHBo- na rie6ie 6uqron oupeAeJlflercfl no Qopuy.ne:
    BOAOBOpOTHhIx yCTpOHCTB0 , 3 0 9 0 , 0 E 0 4,5 -25
    4. Boponra c nJIocKoHa- t ( 0 * noba (2-l le)
    K O I I 1 4q E C K t t M
    R-
    KJIOHHbIM
    yqacTKoM c IItaBHblM
    2tt \ , *1/Tg lfr' ) '
    BXOAOM 0,348 0 , 0 1 7 4 , 5 - 2 5
    rAe flo - TIHCJIO6HtIXOe;
    5. Bopouxa c nJIocKoHa-
    KJIOHHbIM KOHHqCCKHM
    bo -IuHpHHa 6uqxa e eepxueft qacrn rpe6un;
    e - roaQQuuaeur cx(arnfl, panuuft B cp€AHeM 0,90.
    yrracrKeM 6es 3aKpyr-
    Jleggoro BxoAlroro pe6-
    pa. 0,279 5,6 -25 Anusa nJlocKoro rpe6un B y'craHaBJlnBaercq B optaa--
    .nax 3,5II .*<E* (0,4+-0,5)R,a yrol HaluloHa nn'ocKororpe6-
    Hff a yCTaHaBJIH,BaeTCg B npeAeJIaX4 :6o -:- 9".

    8{,
    PASEEil nEPBbrn, OEUnn
    ll6

    @ue. 2-II0

    <Due.2-I II
    Cpeanar cKopocrb B Konrre nJrocKorior.pe6nn of onpe-
    AeJrfl,ercnno Q'oprrry.ne:
    2. BopoHra 6es nrocKoro rpe6Hq
    0 (2-120)
    ": Gio $br/ ' Boponra'uapa6o.rnrqecKorooqepraHnfi 6es nJIOCKOTxD
    rpe6un (Su,r. 2-l I I ) rrpnl{€Hrercfl npu y'uroBHE
    rAe r: R-B-0,325 // sin a ;
    2H<R<5H.
    Pa4uyc Bop,oHKHorrpeneJrflercr rr,o $oplryne (2-r r8).
    0,65// - r.ny6una noroKa B l<oHtle rlJrocKoro rpe6nr Cpe4naa cKoporrb Ha rpe6He onpeAeJrser,cq Dc So.p:
    (n,o4anHuu onuroe). Myne:
    Ovepraune napa6oruqecKofoyqacrKa noryr{aercfi [yrel\{ 0
    nocrpoeHafl qenrpantnofi crpyftru I{ orno}r(eHufi or Hee uR: (2-120'),
    hn
    z"*olsn'
    IIo HopMaJrH B o6e (rae hn - ToJIITII{Ha
    croponu Oct uesrpa;rtnofi ctpyfixn crpouTcq tro ypaBHeHI,Irc:
    ;t
    crpyu), qro ,qaer oqepraHxe napa6,onuqecrofi noBepxHocru gx2
    BOpOHKHH IOBepXH,OCTH nOT,OKa. v- (2- 125)
    Ocr qeurpaaluoft crpyfiru crponrct no ypaBH€HnIo: I
    2 o'r.

    gx2 Cpeauna cKopocrb e nlo6ofi roql(e qenrpaJlbHofictpyfiru


    ' (2-r2t)
    !: fxtga, / q
    2ui" cos"
    " a un: V o"R+ 2g!n . (2-t 26)
    Paccer roJrrql{Hbr crpyH hn, IrocrpoeHHe napa6orHrle-
    rfle .r E3MeHsercfi B npe-qeJraxor 0 .qo 0,9r.
    cKofo yqacTKa h onpele.n€Hlle AHaMerpa ds BopoHKHB Me-
    To;tulnna crpyl{ Ha uapaSoausecKoM yqacrKe cre cxona mpyfi npoH3BoAI{Tcg raK }I(e, KaK I,I B BopoHKe
    c nJrocKI{M rp,e6neu.
    hn:
    0 (2-r22)
    2n (r - xn) a, 2_42. PACTTET TIEPEXOAHOTO YIIACTKA IIIAXTbI,
    IIITOJIbHH H OTBOAflUIETOTYHHEJIfl
    Cpelura cKo'pocrb B .nro6ofiTosKe uenrpa"nrnofi crpyfi-
    KI,I: Haqarunoe ceqeuue flepexo,(Hono. yqacrKa ycraHaBJIH-
    . Baercfl B gaBHcIrMocrI,Ior AltaMerpa BopoHKuds.Fc.rruaua-
    - /-- Merp BopoHKIr 6o.nuue AHaMerpa orBo.(qurero ryHHeJIfl d,
    an: V o! + 2st, * 2v,sin"{2fi .Q-t 23) T0 ItJrfl nnaBHoro trepexo-u,aK lrraxTe ycTpaHBaeTcqnepe-
    xo.qgufi yqacroK, Ha I@TopoM AHaMerp nocrenenno lI3Me-
    flepeceveulle B BopoHKe cso6orHHx noBepxHocrefi ttoro- Ht€Tcq ot.do rc d.
    Ka onpeAeJlfleTMecTo cxoAa crpyft -Ymax, B KOTOpOM ABH- A.ns onpeAeJleHl{fi AuaMerpa rtepexo4uoro yqacrKa BbI-
    x(eHH,e npoH.cxoAHT oo cKopocTblo: sncJlflercfl cKopocrb n .nrc6ou cetIeHI'IE ?n:0,98 {ZgJ,*
    nocJre qero AHaMerp d n B coorBercrByloqeM ceqeHHH
    0 y : 0 , 9 8 Y 2 9y ^ ^ * (2-r2+) onpeAeJrseTcfl BbIp alKeHHeM:

    d,:1/
    f4a (2-127',1
    Tpe6yeuufi AHaMerp BopoHKH npn Umax OIIpeAeJIfleTCfi
    uo Qopnyre: V n('n
    B uecre, r,[o dn :d, nepexo,Anufi ]rqacroK I'IJII'Inp'oAoJI-
    4Q xaercrr AaJIbIxe lg.ilu nep€xoAHT B BegrHKanbHylo'UHJIHH-
    do: orBoJlffurero ryHHeJIn
    .u uy .q,puqecKylo naxry. ,[luauetp
    nir6upatircrr H3 ycnoeufi uopualruofi pa6otn scefi cNcre-
    r,ne Uy- CM. BbIIII€. Mbr H npoBepqercf Ha flponycK cTpoHTeJIbHOrOpaCXOAa-
    TJIABA BTOPAfl. THnpABnH.IECKHE PACTIETN
    lt7

    Pacqer IuroJrbHH H orBoArrulero ryHHeJrfl uaxrnono Bo-


    aoc6poca Be.(eTcff Ha Ha[op ft, orcantrteaeMblfi or HaqaJIa
    ur{nnrllpuqecKoro yqacrKa ur.qx,Tbr.?. r.u,e dn:d (9*. Qur.
    2-109). Ec.nu cyMMapnaf, nbripi Hanopa B urt'onuse n
    orBo.u,ffIrleMTyHHene cocraBJrnet hs1 H ecJIH hu:4, To ue-
    pexo.lHurfi yqacroK nepeBoAHTcs B uHJIHHtrpHqeaKyIouaxry
    c AuaMerpou d, paBHbrM JIHaMerpy orBoAqulero. TyHHeJIfl.
    Ec.nn h-1h, orBo.u,Rrrtuftryune;ru 6yaet pa6o.rarl ue
    r I o J r H b I Mc e q e n n e Mc o c K o p o c r b l o ue 6oaee:
    +Q
    uo.r:- -r-
    T t%, -*(h-h.\ (2-128)
    nd,

    llpu 3HaqI{TeJIbHoMnoBbIIIIeHITHpacxoAa cBep'x pacqer-


    flono uaxruufi no4oc6poc M'o)I{er 6url 3aronJIeHHbIM.
    PacxoL trpu 3aronJIeHH]I onpe.[eJls€Tcs uo Qopuy.ne:
    f,
    Q s a " :/Q + , (2-t2s)

    r.[e H*."- o6rqas Bblcora llraxrHorc no,u,oc6poca;


    ha) - cyMMapHbt€ florepl{ Ha[opa Ha B'ceu JIJII{He
    IUTOJIbHUH OTBOAflIIIeTOTyHHeJIfi npH nponycKe
    pacrr€THono pacxo,(a a.
    Cyr'rrvrapnblett,o,repll Hanopa npn HanopHoM AtsnxeHuu
    fl ha cOCTggTH3
    TyHHeJI
    flO AnHHe IIIT9JIbHHI,I oTB6,ntl111ero Que. 2-112. Cxeua K pacqer7 oqepraHun paa)enb-
    norepb no Annfre ht H MecrHblx notepr ft, : ttofi, creurcu g waxrnoeo eo)ocnuea
    hu: h * hC.
    flmepu ro AJIHHe ua rpe6He BopoHKH 6rtqrcoe 6auxafiuufi r BbI'eMKe6ltsox
    o6re.a,uugercs c pasae.nsnoft cresxoft.
    4L Ec'rn ocb g-U (Qnr. 2-ll2) np€AcraBnaet co6ofi npn-
    ht: Myro nHHHro BepruKa.nrnofi creHKH 6epera vfiu BbI€MKHB
    Td"'
    rIJIaHe, A - paCCTOfHHeOT UeHTpa BOp'OHKH AO OCH g-9,
    fAe d - Erauerp orBoAflIuero TyHH€JIfl; To oqepraHHe paete.ntHofi crenKH ycra_H_aB{HBaercfltto
    L - l,nuua ulaxrbl, KoJIeHa u orBo.[flIqero TyHHeJIfl; nper.rro$eHHoMy KaHA. TexH. HayK A. H.. Ceero ypaB'
    0 - cpeAHffi cKopocTb B oTBOAflIqeM TyHHeJIe Irpu HCHIdIO:
    pa6ore eno IIoJIHbIMceqeHneM; (2-r30)
    I - ar: T.
    C - xoo$snuueur n SoPruYle lllegn.
    Mectnu'e tt,orepu: 3,q,ecr p u a1- yr.IIbI, onp€,[€.IIrIoIr(He TotIKy xpneofi pal-
    S\ a2 [e-nnsofi creHKI,I B nJIaHe B rpalycax,
    h i r : _) , 2( npH'{eM BepIIIHHa yrna p uorvreura€TcfiB
    9^ '
    rlellTpe BOpolIKH,a yroJl dr e roqrce f Ha
    octt Jc-Jc, nepn€H.rlrxyaapHofi ocr g-U,
    rAe E (- cyrvrruraxoeQrfuquegToB MecrHblx co[poTI.{BneHHI{. Ha paccroflHuu 2a o'r qeHrpa BopoHKI4;
    Ro T - IIocrsqHHHfi yroJl, y'craHaBJll{eaeMrtftHe
    3naqenue ( arq KoJIeHasaBHclITor orlloruenl{l d
    , yuroeufi KoHcrpyKrneHofi roJIulHHbI pa3--
    -asrunofi
    crenrirl Ha rpe6ne (tovxa 6,
    r4e Ro-pa4{yc saKpyrrlerlHn (crra.Qur. 2-109, a), H $nr. 2-112) H H3MeHflpuufics s npeAe-
    IIpHHHMaercfl Jrax otr 5o ,q,o 15".

    ,p; * - r,u C:0,35,

    R o ,
    (:0,25.
    "p" i:4,0
    flpu na.nuuulr ,upyfr{x MecTHbrxnoTepb no,cJre.[HHeBbI-
    tlucJlfitqrcr c yqeroM coorBercrgyloulero gsaqenun ('

    2-43.noABoA BOAbIx nopoHKE


    0 2K'
    llppt' pacnoJlo>KeHl{I{ BopoHKI'I IuaxrHofo no,noc6poca t'o"oo:-^n;r* '
    Kffi ' (2-131)
    e6ausu TBepnblx creHoK (6eper, fpaHb [JIorHHbI, nueura)
    ueo6xoAltM'o co3Aarb yaoBrerB'opnTeJlbHuIfi noAeoA Borbl K A 2Kt
    tsopoHKe; Arfi erofo ycTpaI'IBarcT- pa3AeJIbHyIo cTeHKy' vp :- ' (2-132)
    coeAHHflIoulyn rpeo€Hb BopoHKHC 6epercM; 'npu HailrtIHI'I uor.nr:2; R '0,75H /(r * K,
    FA?,\Eil nEPBHn. OEUHn
    1t8

    t2t
    v k
    G t i
    l
    1ra
    k
    I

    I
    lr
    b r
    a l

    E'
    :t
    t 6
    \
    \
    \ \
    s
    ts \t
    i5 4
    t qt>
    Il'
    .\l
    @ue. 2-113. Cxena pacnonomeHun qopoHKu ludxr'
    HOeO AOdOCttUAAg UCecrrcoilnpflto/tuHertuo(t cTeHKu 0b q2s q50 0,75 t 00a
    rAe uR H oRuo,.* - cKopocru fla rpe6He co cropoHbl Sroveu6Taduyea 1oPonxu R I donsx d'
    "o,n BOnOXpaHHnHUIa I'I BbIeMKHIIO OCH
    cDue.2-114. fpafuug salucurttocrurcoeQrfuquenra
    Kt
    x-x
    u Kz or SeJtu\uHbL padugca sopoHKu
    orH.ocure-nbHozo
    R - paluyc BoPoHKH;
    7(1 u Kz- xos$QuulaeHrbl' onpeneJlgeMbl'en'o R
    KpHBbIMHa Sur. 2-114, B saBv' a
    cHMOCTLIOT panHyca Bop'.oHKH'
    Bblpax{eHHOrOB ,lloJIflx a-
    cropocrn e rro6ofi ToqKe rpe6ua Mo)I{er 6url oflpeAe- onpe4e.rHB cKopocr6 a R'- B HecKoJIbKHXTOrIKax rpe6uR'
    Jrena B SyHxullu yrla I : Mo)r(HoyKa3aHHbIMBbIIUe CnoCO6ou nocTpoHTb Uapa6o;tt't-
    Ir-q r \ qecxnfi luuato* ,B.JtflKax(x.oro as eu6paHuutx ceueHufi,
    'Rr: oR"o,.** (, oR"oo- t'Ruo,.*J' oilpe.4eJlneMblxyrnoM ? B sroM cnyqae BopoHKa 6yl'et
    ;
    Hr,reTbacHMMeTpHqHynsopuy H @b iiraxTbl nptl6.nuaurcn
    K BbIeMKeuJIH xrccrxofi cregxe-
    r.u,e ? usuenser,cl B rlpeAeJlax or 0 Ao E .

    2_H. CI4OOHHbIE BO.U.OCEPOCbI


    a) Ha cN$ottu c sy6uarlu Ha nopore (0^"j. 2-Il5) rtt-
    2- 14. B HA bI c H o o H H b l x B O A O C EP O C OB
    n, 3a.u" c xoa$$nlrHeHroM pacxo.La v 70t!;^.
    6f na cnQouri iana Cnlpuixa .(Qnr. 2-ll6);-
    cHQOnnufi noaoc6pocnpeAcraBnqerco6ofi aBroMaruqe- na cu$onu c IIJIaBHb{Mouepraune-v.Ipy6^bl^^(Qtlr'
    cKH aefiereytou{eecoopyxeHue,.c6pacblBaloqeeeoAY H3 -z:i"ii l : 0. 83;
    pacxo!.ap: -0' 8-0
    C ri oeQQuuuegroM
    BoAoxpaHHJrHuIaB nuxirinfi 6seQ uepes I'I3oruyrylorpy6y r) xi cn$on'qrrnna Mn.noBHsa(Sur. 2-118) c roo$-
    npfMoyroJlbHoroceqeHufi,tlMelouyrc Bo3Bbllrlaoutlficssaa $nrinenroM
    ' pacxo.u,aP:0,92.
    npu 3Ha-
    ypoaneu BoAoxpaHHJlI{qa-yqacroK, pa6oraoulyrc BbI-
    flo coornoureHHroceqeuufi cu$onnofi rpy6u pa3nl'Iqarcr
    .IUteItH,O[{ pa3pexeHHLI. B CnQoHax C 3aTo[JIeHHblM cHooHbI:
    xoAl{bIM o{rBepcrHeM ,HaIIOp paBeH - pa3HOCTI{ ropH3oHTOB a) nocrofiHHoro ceqegnfl;
    BepxHeno H HHx<Hero 6rcQon. B cnQouax' pacfloJlox{euuHx 6) nepeMeuHoro ceq€H'Hff-
    6ea 3aronJleHHfl
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    ce-
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    ycrpoficreaun AJIn ycKopeHun
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    caMo3apflAKrrH BblKflIoqeHuncnSoua;

    Eorxo0nan
    Sxodnas
    8o0o6oinofi. unu sadpano-
    HAa KqOHKA

    @ue. 2-I I5
    @ue.2-116
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    MH ycrpoftcrnauu Arq 3a-
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    flpn Hanopax .IIo 8-10.rt an
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    xo.[y.
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    n) otrpetreJreHunSopvnr cottpr)ircHllfl BbIXoAflqefi crpyn K
    c HHxHHM 6ue'$orrr. KpyrneHI{H (":0.
    flpony,cxHax cn,oco6Hoctr a cn$ouuofi rpy6sr onpere-
    rsercrr no Sopuy.ne: Ta6ttut4a 2-43

    e:prltr{Hr, (2-133) 3saqeHas sernqHHst .4


    rAe <o- rrJror{a4b ceqeuHfl cuQ'onnofi rpy6u;
    eBbrxqA.Horo
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    zg
    H - reouerpnvecxnfi Hanop, paenufi .qrff cIl$oHoB c
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    p - x oeQ s nuue H pr a c x o trac u $ o H a . $.opruy.ne:


    pacxoaa cusoua P orpex'enflercrno Qop- - 2gL
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    C - xoeQQuunenr lllesn;
    l/ r'#>'rt g - ycKopeHHe cltnbl Tqx(ecTI'I.
    PA?.'TEJI NEPBbIN. OEWHN
    120
    Kog$$nuneHr pacxo.uacn@oHaMnaoeuqa orpeAeJrsercs
    no Qopuy.rre:

    p -
    0 (2-r37)
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    cuSoHa;
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    HHx<Hero6rc0oe;
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    oupene.nneuufi (ua. ocnoae reopuu BcacbrBaro-
    ulux rpy6 u ryp6un) uo Soprray.ne:
    flpn nepeMerrwoM
    ceqeur.ru
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    R u C 6e-
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    aL, e, (2-1Bg)
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    r.q,e 2-46. AABJIEHHE


    t_
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    hm:
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    cpe,4Tler,o
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    &na cnSo,Ha c KoJror[eM us - cKopocrb rroAxoAa BoAbr Ko BxoAy n cuQoH;


    h- npeBbrrxeHueropusoHTa BepxHero 6leQa HaA
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    |NABA BTOPAfl. THNPABJIHITECKHE PACITET'I
    L2l

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    @ue. 2-I2I

    11- paflHlc saKpyrneHHn rpe6nr Bo.ltocJIHBa:


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    onpe.{ennrr no QopMyJIe,flpernoxeusofi KaHA. rexn- HayK (2-t4r)


    B. H. Tyuananou [20]:
    g2 IIpn y'crpoficrse n cnscrun'ofirpy6e HocHKa-
    4.na^or6pa-
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    (2-r4o) (2- 143)
    [ r + ( I , ) , _ ,,1
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    x:IsinafaBbrxcosct. (2-r44)
    +sr3(
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    P^
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    16- patrnyc 3aKpyf.,IeHHfi oCu rpy6n; (Qur. 2-I2L).

    2-K. BOAOnPO[ycKHblE TPyEbI '


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    A. H. llleapuernl, B. C. ]lypovoauu Lt np.). Hau6o'nee neper{Hblx ceqesufi- (rpyr"rroro, oBoH"II.aJlbHonoH T' A') Me-
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    "onpoatt
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    t22 PAsJIEJI NEPB,IN. OEAUIN

    EE3HANOPHbIETPYEbI
    2 -48. K O P O T K H E H E 3 AT On J T EH H b T E
    T p y E br 0,. H. Kyuuna, o,npe.(eJrffercq orHocHTe,rlb'afl
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    npa6,nra, rpnBeneuHoro na
    4ui.. z_tzS]"ony*o' c rpa_
    n'
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    "
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    fo JlpbtxKa, coltprlr(eHHyFo c ft. **.
    AIrfl Oeauanopuofi rpy6u reo6x,o,rayo, qro6sr hr, 6nrao
    f t n ( - ( 1 , 2 - i 1 , 2 5 ) h * m a nf t n . _-(( 0 Me'brrle Bbr.orbr rpy6sr e, TaK KaK B [porHBHoM
    , 7 5 _ + 0 , 7 7 ) H o( 2, _ 1 4 5 ) -r.ny6r:Ha cJyqae
    AJrfl 3aronJr'eHHrree rroHa406r.lrcqraKaff no,ilrorra
    h 3acraorrr rpy6y pa6orari nunop"o.
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    hcn=h"+il' (2- r46)

    o:=!!
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    L 'Av b- nnpvna (ocrnepcrue)
    B(H+p)
    .
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    Qsr. 2-124, nocrpoeHHoMyno .4aHHbrMnccJqnoeiuuii

    cDue.2-122

    cFue.2-123

    I fipuno,unnabre
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    PASNEJI NEPBbIN. O6UHN
    138
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    3. llponycxnan c[ocodHocrb 3aror"\eHHbrx rpy6


    2. MarcnnnaJrbHble
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    :
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    Heroropoe yB€JrHq€HlrecKopocrefi s BbrxonrroM ceqeHHI{,
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    't

    J I H T E PA T Y P A

    l. Aroocfra u VI.VI.A , u w r p H- 'e' B f . T . n f l n x a a o s < D . H . ,


    F u a p a a . n n r < al o, c s H e p r u " . , i a i l g s o . ' 15.ftaBroBcrnft A . H . , I n a p a e ; r n , r e c x rc. lnrp?a a o q u u r D , eep_
    rongaar,1937.
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    16. P o 3 a H o n H. fI., Baryyunue Bo.u,ocnHBHrile n.norr.rHbr, Crpo*-
    .qar. 1935. nsrar, 1940.
    a . , l . l y r u H A . H . , C 6 o p n n K s a , u , e qn o r H J r p a B J r H K e C,r p o i n a - 17. P o s a H o s H. n., Oopr*ryla .{,rrsonpereJreunfl roaS@runeH-
    aar,1941. T a n o J r H o r b l _ H a n - oBpoa. [ o c n H . Bnap a K r H q e c K o r on p o s n . l n . T p y a n r r H r -
    4. A x yr H H-4.. H--_LUaxruue Bo.llocrruBbri.lnaporexHHqecKoe
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    1 8 . P o a a e H . J t . , u K o 3 e O H u H e H r ep a c x o r a u r a x r H H x B o . l o -
    c 6 p o ^ c o a a , , l - r a p o r e x H H r { e c cKropeo r r e l b c r s o } } . l bO l l g + 0 . ' - ' - -
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    y M a-!.! n B. H., I urpalnuKa ol@onnux eoa6c6pocoe, I-oc-
    sHepron3rar, 1949.
    2). V r1t H q y c A. A., O6uruft cnocoO Haxo)t{.u,ennf, Kpnruqecrnx
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    2 2 . 9 e p r g _ y c o B M . J l . , - C s e u n a a r n u fK t y p c r H , [ p a B n r { KF Ho, c -
    sueprous.u.ar,1949.
    23. TexnaqecKue ycJroBaslr HopMbr rrpoer(Tl.fpoBaHHs rn.r.porer*H-
    q e c K H r c o o p y x e n H f i , ^ F u a p a s a n q e c r npea c q e r H B o A o c J r H B o B , ' B H H H f ,
    focaneprousiar, lgbz.
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    c59l9 Bo.u,ocnHBoB c rxHpoKHM^nop_oroMpas;rnuHui eopru.
    ^p_19-u:t1
    ultporexrltqecKoe
    ,t cr!,oHTenl,c.rro"J$ 2, 1949.
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    c r H B o e 3 H a n o p n b rn x p H { M a r u t t e c x u r( u n . l n x l p n u e c r n x ) 3 a K D H T r { xB o -
    jrosorax, I4gsecrlrs Br1.I"4.|,,1.f N 32. locaHeprbrslar, 1942.
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    B H q A . 1 . . , t s o i l o n p o [ y c r H u e r p - v 6 u rn o I x e r e 3 H o . r l o D o x H b l MH Ha c H -
    n f l M a 'I P y a u U H H C M n C , T p a u c x e a ; r o p n 3 a a rltg b 2 . '
    c r H Ba r r-c6opur.rr 27. V r ns uyc A. A., Kisaau x cobpyxenntr-Ha HHx, loccrpo&-
    D aK T H q e c K . r on p o + r H n,f l T p y 4 y ^ r u a p a o a r a v e c x o fai a 6 0 p a r o p r r u us4ar, 1913.
    Bo.u,reo, }€ 2, Crpbnniiarl'ig+s.

    {
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    MATEPI4AJIOts
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    TJIABA TPETb'|. CONPOTHBJIEHHE MATEPHAJIOB
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    flo.nrpnufi ItoMeHT EHepuEE orHocuTeJrbHo HaupaueHr.re rJraBHnx ocefi olpeAenrrlorcfl:


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    157

    3-5. ONOPHbIEPEAKUHH H H3I'HEAIOIIIHE Qrd, 8a4t bn+t


    --Quxutnuue
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    @ue. 3-55 NPI4MEPbI COCTAB JLEHT4fl YPABHEHIy],g'


    TPEX MOMEHTOB

    {IpoJreroB. 3aAe.rrxa rpafiHefi onopbl yBeJIHqI{Baer qI{cJIo


    1. 9erupexnpo.tlerHal 6ailwa, uIapHHpHo onepraq IIo
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    rlrMo [pr.IJIox{HTb MoMeHTbr Mo, Mr...
    t{nc.na HaA onopaMn Aaror ilopqAKoBuft uouep onopbl'
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    2 )M . , . . 4 + 2 M 2 ( 4* M
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    qHM:
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    24

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    cDue.3-56 Que. 3-57


    PA?{IEN NEPBbIfl. OEUHf,
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    JreroB, Koropble Bbrpaxalorcs qepe3 - 6 M r - 6 + 3 , 3 3 M a- 7 , 3 3 M z * 4 M t * 4 ;
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    ' 8 1
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    @ue. 3-58 neraMII s nocrogHuofi xecrKocrblo AaHbI s ra6a' 3-5'


    TJIABA TPETbfl. CONPOTNBJIEH HE MATEPHAJIOB
    r59
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    Ta1auqa3--5
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    + [--t
    Quz. 3-62

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    Quz. 3-63

    P p
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    cDuz.3-64
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    r60
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    A : 0 , 1 7 2q l
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    @uz. 3-65

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    C:0,21 ql

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    @uz.3-67

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    @uz.3-70

    A : 0 , 4 3 3q l
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    c : -0,1 ql
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    1

    TJIABA TPETbfl. COTPOTHBJIEHHE MATEPHAJIOB


    161
    Ilpodonnceuue ra6tt. 3-s
    14srn6aroutlre MoMeHTbl

    t] npoJreTax Ha ouopax
    Cxc:rra 6atxu H Harpy3l(tt Onopur're peaKqutt
    Mr*u Mr*u*

    A- D:0,35 ^b 0 , 1 7 5P l 0,10P
    0/ - 0 , 1 5 0P / - 0 , 1 5 0P /
    B:C:l,l5P
    sl

    P
    l t

    l L
    A: D:0,425 P 0 , 2 1 3P l -0,075 Pt -0,075 P l -0,075 Pl
    € E:C:0,575P
    !:t tD
    r-
    2
    @uz. 73

    I
    2
    A:D --0.075 P -0,038 P/ 0 , 1 7 5P l -0,075 Pl -0 , 075 Pl
    B: C :0,575 P
    rf

    Quz. 3-74

    --- ;I
    *l T
    r l

    l L
    I I 2
    A : 0,325P
    fl|, B:1,3 P 0 , 1 6 2P l 0 , 1 3 8P / -0,175 P l -0,050 P/
    , C:0,425P
    t
    D : -0,05 P
    2

    A:0r4 P
    B : 0 , 7 2 5P 0,2c0Pl - 0 , 1 0 0P /
    c : -0.15 P
    D :0,025 P

    cDttz.3-76

    11 3ax. l2ir
    PA3EEJI NEPBbIN. o6urln
    162

    Ilpodotnrcerute ra6rt. .3-_5


    Hsru6arcuue MoMeHTr)t
    Cxelra 6anxu H narp-y3Krl Onopur,le peaKuHH

    P P P P P

    4LMef,Mr A:D:A,733P
    B:C:2,267P -0,267 Pl -0,267 PI

    Que. 3-77

    I
    'J
    l*t-
    utLMzLMa A : D : 0 , 8 6 6P - 0 , 1 3 3P / - 0 , 1 3 3P / - 0 , 1 3 3P '
    B:C:l,l33P 0,289 Pl

    @uz.3-78

    .P P
    'ffir
    t t I

    M/tr Mz-LMa A:D--0,133P 0 , 2 0 0P / -0, 133P/ - 0 , 1 3 3P 1


    B:C: l,l33P
    - -8l *, lFrl , ,f,
    r I
    Il
    l. t Iti t*

    P Pt
    JP P
    LT 3 3
    l* A :0,689 P
    B : 2,533 P - 0 , 3 1 1P / -0,089 P/
    C:0,867 P
    D : -0,089 P

    @uz. 3-80

    P
    It
    A : 0 , 8 2 2P
    B : 1 , 4 C 0P o , 2 7 4P l -0 ,l7g PI
    c:-0,266 P
    D : 0 , 0 4 4P

    @uz. 3-BI
    NIABA TPETbfl. CONPOTHBJIEHHE MATEPHAJIOB
    163

    Ilpodotmcewe ra6t'. 3-5


    Hsrlr6arcutre MoMeHTbI

    Ha onopax
    Cxeua 6a.nrn H Harpy3KH Ondpuue peaKuHH
    Mr^^* Mr^^* Mp

    t4,
    A:0,199 ql
    B : 0 , 5 6 2q l 0,054 ql z 0,021 ql z -0,0625qt2 -0 ,0625qlz
    nl c Q:0,562 ql
    .+..1 D : 0 , 1 8 8q /

    3-82

    0,038gl r -0,021 qlz -0,073 qlz

    0 , 4 4 5L

    @uz. 3-BJ
    L
    h.
    !;
    s:
    t
    {i
    f A: q/
    0,011
    t. .B:J,055 ql 0 , 0 1 1g l z -0, 044 qlz
    C - 0,294ql
    i,i
    ii
    D - 0,250qI
    +
    :i
    I
    $

    ooouvtorz 3finepaMoxHononb3oBaTbcs npu-6onb[IHX


    3-6. nPoAoJIbHbla H3rl',lE
    rrao-rl#i?x"'i-Gfi".pno i >100 a.nscraJII{Ma'poKCt'2
    ir Ct. 3).
    IIpn pacueTe c)*(aTEilxcTepxHefi, g,luHa KOTOpbIX.BeJII'IKa IIpu nuuoAe etofi Qopr'rylu MarepI'IaJI rlpeAnonaraercfl
    B CpaBHeHHHC pa3MepaMl{ I',IXroflep-eqllblx cerleHnfi' YqH- coBepIrIeHHO ynpyrl'IM, npfiqeM cx(I'IMaIOUllIe HaIIpgxeHHs
    TbrBaeTcs soglnlolKHocti noTepl{ yctofiuuroCu't BSJIeACTBI{e oKDHe IIpeBOcxoAffT [peAeJIa yfipyrocTH'
    '.fl,onycxaeMoe
    'Kputnuecxoe lrsrl{6a.'
    rrpoAonbHoro Hanpfl)I(enue ttpHHHMaercl:
    HanpnlKeHI'Ie, npfi KoropoM rlpo[cxoAuT
    paspyllleHue I{3-3a norepl{ - yerofiquBocrl{, MO}Ker 6uru onp.uer:g[o], (3-41)
    bup-eaeneuo ro QoPrvrY;re3fiaePa:
    rtre 'tol - ocHoBHoe AonycxaeMoe Haflpfl)KeHl{e;
    Enz ,i - xoaQSuuueHT rroHIDKeHHfi AonycKaeMoro Ha-
    o*p , (3-40)
    T_ flpsxeHl{fl, o[peAeJlseunft uo ta6'tr' 3-3' 3-6
    u'3-7 B saBHcIlMocrHor ru6roctu I '
    E - rrlo4ynb yrpyrocrl{ Marepwallai
    I -ru6Kocrb;
    tr:
    I

    6 -paA'yc r{HepuHH;
    F6p
    J ap MoMeHTHHepuHI'I;
    MI{HuMaJIbHbIfi
    lc'Op - nnOUaAb IloflepeqHoro ceqeHl'Ifl;
    I- guu:na crePxus.
    ycaonufi t=0,71 L=0,51
    cxeMaM, Que. 3-85
    PA3ilEn nEPBbrH. ogrqqn

    Ta1nuqa 3-6
    IlpnbnustrreJlbHHe BeJuqnHH par.HycoB HHepqnH 4ll uau6onee ynorpe6nrearnux ceqenufi

    Cxeuut ceqeultfi Paanycu HHep[Hr.r

    ix:0,30/t
    iv:0,30& ir:O,26h
    i;:0, i95 iy:o,2lb

    ta :0 ,28h
    i 'v :O,32b i x:0 , 43h
    b+h i y:O, 24b
    i z :O ,18-t-

    @ uz. 3-93

    ia:0,30h ia:O,43h
    iy:o,Zob ir:O,43b

    i x :0 ,32h i * :0 , 38h
    iy:O,20b iy:O,44b

    @uz. 3-95

    i x :O,28h i * :0 , 38h
    jv:0,60&
    iy:0,24b

    @uz. 3-90 3-96

    i2r:0 r30h ix:0,35h


    i y : o , 1 7b iy:0,566
    I

    TJIABA TPETbfl. CO N POT H AJI E H H E MATE P H AN OB


    165
    [Ipodonrenue ra6n. 3-4
    /
    ceqeunft Pa.r.rycsr fiHepqHr{
    Paanycu HHepqHH

    r_ b ____t
    -r.J

    i a :0 ,3 7 h i x:O,45h
    iy:O,54b iy:O,235b

    cDuz.3-gB @uz. 3-104

    r-l r-r
    x--. s
    i z :O.3 9h ix:O rMh
    i r:0 ,9 36 L J L J ir:O,28b

    3-105

    i x :O ,2 1h
    iu:0,21b ix:O,39h
    f2:0,785h i y:O,20 b

    @uz.3- 106
    Q,uz. 3-100

    i a:0,21h i x:o,42h
    i, -0,21b iy:O,22b

    @uz. 3-101 cDuz.3-107

    i x :O ,4 5 h
    i y :O,2 4 b

    @uz. 3-102
    @uz, 3-I0B

    F-- d ---*.1

    ix:0,40h it:O,44h
    iy:O,21b i:0,380

    @ue. 3- 1 0 3 <Duz. 3-109


    PAE4IEN NEPB6IN. OEIITHN
    r66
    [f podoatrceuue ma6rt. J-O

    Cxeuu ceqeuuir Paanycu nHeprIHH Cxeruu ceqenufi Paarycu HHepqHH

    i*-0,32h
    iy:0,586 i x: 0, 42h
    i y: o, 3ob
    v
    @u z . 3 -1 1 0 Que. 3-112

    i a:O,32h
    ir:o,4ob

    @u2.3-111

    Tadt uqa 3- 7
    3Haqenuc I aas SHaqeHug g trns.
    Fn6roctt
    I
    f
    L
    I I
    L

    d# CTAJIH qyryHa h4 d** CTAJIH


    L
    h*

    8 2,3 2 0,99 l0B 31 27 0,27


    10 3,5 3 0,gg 0,gg 110 32 28 0,26 0,52
    l6 4,6 4 0,98 116 33 29 0,23
    20 5,8 0,97 0,96 0,91 120 35 30 0,21 0,45
    24 619 6 0,95 t24 36 31 0,20
    28 8,1 7 0,94 128 37 32 0,19
    30 9,2 8 0,93 0,94 0,81 130 38 33 0,18
    36 l0 I 0,90 136 39 34 0,17
    40 l2 l0 0,87 0,92 0,69 140 4Q 35 0,16
    44 l3 1r 0,84 IM 42 36 0,15
    48 t4 t2 0,81 148 43 37 0 ,l 4
    50 l5 t3 0,78 0,89 0,57 150 44 38 0 ,l 3
    56 l6 t4 0,75 r56 45 39 0,13
    60 t7 r5 0,71 0,86 0,44 160 46 40 0,12
    64 l8 16 0,66 164 47 4l 0,1I
    68 20 II 0,63 i68 49 42 0,11
    70 2l 18 0,60 0,81 0,34 t70 50 43 0,10
    76 22 t9 0,53 176 51 44 0 ,l 0
    80 23 20 0,48 0,75 180 52 45 0,09
    84 24 2l 0,44 184 53 46 0,09
    i'7 0,09
    B8 25 22 0,40 188 54 at

    90 27 23 0,37 0,20 190 55 48 0,09 0,21


    96 28 24 0,34 196 D/ 49 0,08
    100 29 25 0,31 0,16 200 58 50 0,09 0,19
    r04 30 26 0,29

    * h - HaHMeHbIIIac cropona npflMoytonbHoro ceqeHntl'


    ** d - ruaMerp Kpynnoro cer{eHHg.

    - .."6*
    rNABA TPETbfl CONPOTHBJIEHHE MATEPHAJIOB
    t67

    3-7. CABHr H KPyIIEHHE Vrot gaKpytIuBaHHq


    AJIfl
    Bcero cTepxHfl:

    l. CAsrr / M,
    A - - l' (3-46)
    "max- ^ .
    .[e$opMaIIHn crBura oseHb Maroro SJreMeHTa' BbIAe- u"
    JrerlHoro Hs ynpyroro rsua, H3Mepflercfi yfJIoM t (S'ur'
    3-l 13).
    tne l-AnHHa crepx(Hg.
    Mex'4y orHocfiTelrsofi re-
    SopMaqHefi KpyqeHzrr n Ha-
    npEx(eHr.rf,MI,IcyuecTByer 3a-
    BI,ICHMOCTb

    r*: G0r, (3-471

    fAe r- paAnyc p'aocMarpH-


    BaeMO'fO Ceq'eHHf'

    - Q :. 3-114
    PacqerHag $oPtrlYna HailPtl
    xeuuft or KPYTfluero Mo-
    MEHTA:
    @ue.3-I 13 M,
    rr:GBr: r- ( 3- 48)
    uI p
    'r :
    flo ManocTi'I y,rra J MolI(Ho cqnTarb tg T' Kaca-
    TqIIbHbIe [I8.;IIp'fl]I(eH]Iff rIIpE CIBI{Ie: Hanpa>reHua.4ocruraIot san6o;tbtrIero3 H A q C H H ' I H A
    tc:G'[, (3-42) uepu$epuu 'ceqeuul:
    2M'
    r,qe C - M,oAyJIb non'epeuuofi yilpyrocrlt, vtrri MotryJIb . r r( m
    . -a-x^- - - : C 0 l ? : (3-4e)
    CABIITA. n R3
    Mex4y MoAyJIeM cABHra H pauee iIpHBeAeIIHbIMI{yrpy- 6) Crepcrcuu npniloAzoltbHozo ceqeHun. Hatt6:.tIourfie
    rr{MH triocroflHHbluu E u P ('cra- u- 3-1) ayuecrByer 3a-
    KacaTeJIbHbIe Hanpfix(eHHf :
    BUCI,IMOCTb:
    B ceP'eAH,He AJI[HHoft croPottst

    (3-43) Mz
    tmax: , 13- 50)
    t d ILO!

    flpu pacqere 6orr,0B, 3alffl,elloK, cBa',pnhlx llIiBoB, 'pa6o- B CepeAHHe KOpOTKOfi CrOpOult
    TaIOlllIX B OcHorBHoM Ha cpe3, KacaTeJIbIIbI'e HaIIpflX(eHI4s
    ,paBH,oMepHo pac[peAeJIeHftIbIMI{ 'nO nJIO- M2
    rIpHHlrMaroTcrr
    '
    (3-5i)
    uaAlr cpe3a: a,hb2
    0 (3 - 44)
    OrHo,cuteJIbHa r ae$op naauu n (y r'o,r eat<pt ult e aHIaa )
    t - - -
    ' jtr'

    (3--s2)
    2. KpyqeHne

    KpyqeHr1e crep)KHfl nponcxoAl{T noA AeficrBHeM napbl rAe a, a,Hg- Jr.r;;JiJ;:


    - cLtJt, ieficmyrcGrf s nlrocxocru, fiepfie'H.IlllKy.rlfpHoiir ero
    ocu (Sur. 3-114). A.nq Kpyrfioro ceqeHlaa ocb crepx(Hfi "n"rTu..l:'1._il'grs"ffi'l;:',
    h
    OCTaeTCsnpnUOfi, Iqnepeqgble CeqeHI4r OCTanTCqIJIOOKH- IITeHLIfl DTOpOH npfiMOyforIbHI',IKa
    T
    MI,I H paAHycbl He I{cKpI'IBJIflIor,cs.flo'nepeuHue ceqeHHff (h-6dntruafl cropoHa, a b-rielturuan) .
    qeHTpOB Ha
    - crepx(Hfl noBopaqHBaloTcff oKoJIO CBOI'IX
    ytJIbI, reirt 66nturue, qeM 6onnme oTcroI'IT ceqenue or 3a- ce"eHl'Iit H npo-
    flpu pacqere y3KHx npflMoyroJlbHblx
    KpenJreHHoroKoHqa.-B .nro6oM noflepeqHoM ceqeHHH6yayr h
    .u,'eftcr.eouatr roJIbIrc KacareJlbHble Hailpq)I(eHHfi' KarHbIx ilpoQnfiefi, ecJIH coorHoIIIeHHe >10, Mo)KHo
    a) Creprcuu KpAelloeo ceqeHur- OtttoclEre.nluas Ae- b
    - Ha eILI-
    Qopuauran IIpr{ KpyqeHrrH yfon 3aKpyq[BaHHff
    I

    HLIUy AJII,IHbI B n p a K T L I q e C K H Xp a c q e r a x IlpHHfTb a : 9: ^ , TorAa'.


    'J

    Mz
    u:;r: (3-45) _ 3 M t '. (3 - 53)
    ' "max
    hbz
    p

    rAe Mz- xpytqqufi MoMeHTor BHeIIIHHXcun; 3M" ( 3- 54)


    tD- no.nnpuufi MoMeHTl{Hepuufi;
    hffa
    G - rrro4y.rtb cABI{ra.
    PA3,IIEJI NEPBbIH. OEUHN
    l68

    0,141

    tlpn pacrreTe npoKarHbrx 3_8. CJIOXHOE C O N P O T I , I B J IE H H E


    npo@rz.t.efi,BMe,croh craBHr-
    ct. AJrr.rHapasaepnyrofi oc,e-
    ROH JIHHHH IEqCHT4fi,
    Ilpu peme'r'H rrpaKT'qecK'x BonpocoB uau6on'uufi
    HANPH-
    Mep,-AJrr panHo6oxoroyroJr- HHTepec npeAcTaBJrgrOTCJreAyroque Br.rAbr cJrox(Horo
    co_
    Ka h:2a-d (a - rxxpr.rHa npoTHBJreHHfl:
    ynoJrr{a,d -roatr1trHa creHKH I ) cnox,lrufi wrw rooofi usrn6, nosuuxaioulufi npu
    y ro a x a ) (c u .Qa r.3 - l 15).B oAHoBpeMeHHoM,Ueficrnuu AByx Hgrn6arcIIIax MoMeHToB
    ra'6n. 3-9 npuneAeHbr,nony- rvtx H My B rnaBHbrx nJrocKocrflx (6Hr. 8_125);
    CKa'iMble I(pyTfiu{l{e rMOM€H- 2) usr*6 c rpa,crffxeH''eM r.IJrn cx{arr{,eM, ,Korr.a cJ{JrbrB
    TrJl H rranpsxeHHff KpyqeHzfl ceqeHHH cBo,4ffTcfl K rrpoAoJrsuofi
    @ue. 3-l 15 o6ouu Hsrz6anqru ,ubueuraM Mx ,cune l/ u oAgoruy nJrr{
    Mn Hau6oree yuorpe6u- u My @fr.-i_:fZOii
    TeJIbHbIx ceqeHufi. 3) neru'6 c KpyqeulreM - lrpu uan$,]ui B ceqeHH,H w3_
    fHoaloruEx H KpyTqlllero ruoNreHToB.

    Ta6.nu4a3-9

    Kpyraruafi \{or{eHr .fuIo npu


    <Dopua ceqeHns Hanpnxenu€ xpyqsHnr .Ilonycraerrrr,rfi xpyraulrrft uovesr r44-
    " " "max orHocHTeJbHoM yrne c*py:unna-
    HHg A H Mo.lr.yJrec.u.aura G

    rmax B TOqKax oKpyxHo_


    c rn c e q e n u s .H a p a c c ro s -
    +
    HULI P OT IICIITPA n-
    2p / l / -l o - - d s fLr lJ 14,-
    - 3 2 d4G0
    16
    c
    - - _ - - F
    'max
    L

    <Duz.3-116 d

    dt
    Mo:
    - " 2:- ["] =
    rmax B Tograx BneurHeIi 16 D
    o Kp y x H o c rn . H a p a c c ro s _
    IJHN P OT IIEHTPA = 1 , 5 d 2 *s [ r ] ,
    1 Mz: (Dn - 4a) G0
    2o 32
    _ .max
    L
    r a K K a Kd m : ; @ + d),
    d
    @ u z .3 - 1 1 7 I
    s - -- d)
    2 \D

    rma x B rp a ftu u x ro r{ K a x
    u a .n o rio c r b ; c B x p a fi H u x T
    -M" _' _ _ h z -h' l-rt l- ' - 1 6 nb3
    T o q K a x6 o a ru ro fi o c u : [r]
    16 Mz:+"; b'4G6
    I
    t -
    Lmax (hzb >l)
    n

    ,'-i
    TJIABA TPET'aI. CONPOTHBJIEHHE MATEPHAJIOB
    169
    ITpodonuce*uera6n. 3-9

    lipyrrruuii MoMeHr M, npu


    <Dopr,laccqerltfl HanpaxeHne KpytteH4q a .Il.onycraer'lttii Kpyrstuuft
    uouear 0THOCHTeJIbHOfTI ynne c KpyqHBa-
    M,
    s u s U x M o . u v , [ ec r n u r a G

    rmax B rpat"rHttx roqKax 7t n3


    ua.nofi ocn 6; t r xpafiHHx l6 Mz:
    ToqKax 6olturol'r ocu: t6"r+lx
    f -
    I
    - f
    "max
    x (on- af;)ce
    n

    s - flocToflHrrafl lxHpHHa
    npoH3BonbHor'oroalqa ; .Fo,
    Fi - IIoBepxHocTH Hapyx-
    HOrO H BHyTpeHHerO KO-
    J fe t 1 ; Fm- noBepxHocrb
    Mz:f"*F;)sta Mz x 2 (Fo* F,) . ^U* Ou
    cpeAHero Konbrlai v*-ne-
    plrMerp BHyrpeHHefo oqep-
    @ uz . 3- 120 Tasrfl Konblla; rd - cPel-
    rlee Halrpfl)KeHHeB KoJrbqe

    r m a x- I I o c e p e A H I I e c T o -
    poH ceqenl'fl npn h : S. tr4z : 0, 1404b1G 0
    M, :0,206 bt [r]
    B yraax t:0

    rmax- ilo cepe,{nHe cTo-


    pou /2. lio cepeALIHe cro- Mz: r p * n b l [ " j : 7 2b z h [ = ] 447 : y, rtb+ C0 : 'q, * bth O
    pou D:
    - - -- ,i1
    tic-
    Lmax.
    (hzb:n> l\
    v
    b B Y r a a xt : 0
    @uz. 3-122

    W,
    <Duz.3-123
    rmax - IIo. cepeAr{HecTo -
    poH:
    rmax:0,612 dnGS
    F -
    Mz:0,217 d* F r^^*
    nroutaAb ceqeHurr
    Mz : 0,133d2nFco

    rsrax-I]o cepeAHHecro- Mz :0,223 d.* F r-^" Mz : 0,l3od2z FGs


    Pou:
    r m a x: 0 , 5 8 2 d n G |

    * 3na.{enus xos$SraqxenToBri, 3aBncqul'x or coorHotu ^ !- = n, onpe,u.eJrflrcTcfrnc r l s H r j . 2L r a t a 6 r t . 3-8, raK xax 1s: p; 1 d.


    "n b
    3ueqexHc 11 .u.nfln : l; 1,5; 2; B; 4; > 4 coorBercrBenno1,0; 0,858;0'796; 0,753;0,745;O,743.
    PA3,\EJI NEPBbIN. OEUHN
    170

    cDue.3-125 cDue.3-126

    l. Kocofi usru6 Haa,6o.nee HattpgxeHrHrbr€ TorrrI(H'pa,cnoJraralorcg [Ia,HaH-


    6o.nrueu paocrorrruu or HyJres,ofifiHH,un. Koop,u*tHarril I{.x
    flpu pacqere 6a.nox sa xocofi ustu6 c.rreAyer cHallana Moryr 6urr Bbrtr[cnellbl ulru B3srbl rpaQuvecru no qep-
    orblcKarb onacHoe ceqeHue, B KoropoM Aeftcrey,er MaKcl'I- Tex<y.
    uaasguft nsru6atoulafi MoMeHT (/Vlrn"*). Aaq ['oryqeur{rr MoM,eHTorB M *v M y ylo6,uo fip€ABarprl-
    OrucxaHae onacHoro cerleHur H Haxo)KAeHHe M^^* TeJIbHo pa3JIOxHTb ilIatrpysKy fla [Iafl'pa'BJI€HH'fix Lr U (ct't.
    ocyqecrBrslorcq reMH )Ke nyrqMH, tITo I{ B cJlyqae npo- Snr. 3-125). 'I,I BrIMcbIBaIoIqHxcff s ErPfl-
    {Toro ueru6a. Ans ceqeg[,lft npgMory:roulbIrblx
    Hanpaxeuun B ceqeHHLI(Sur. 3-125). MoyroJIbHHK (nnyraapu, uI'BeJIJIepbI u t. n.) euecto $op-
    MyJIbI (3-55) npr,M€Hflercn So'puy.ua:
    M,o Mx
    -i- Mx Mv Mx Mv
    -
    u-: )C-
    Jx'
    omin:-
    JY Ty- W-E,t
    h.x:- ( 3- 57)
    :M*ax(tr (3-55) omax:
    M.v
    *
    Mv-.
    Jr"
    Mx
    wx'-v,
    , My
    T,
    rAe x n u - TeKyilIHe I{oopAHHarbI; ecJIH B3flTb npqMo- KacareJlbHblx nanprxenuft BAonb rJIaB-
    Coctasrgbr{ne
    yroJlbHoe nonepecuoe ceqeHne, To Han6oJtl- srrx ocefi or nonepeqHblx cHJI Qt fl Qv fipH KocoM I'I3-
    lllee a HaI'IMeHbIrIee Hanpg)KeHHfl noJIyqHM ru6e
    b h Q" Su
    n P HJ r - * - tr !:X
    9 ; J, bn
    '

    My: M^^, sin ?; (3-58)


    Mx: M^^* cos ?'

    'f.[,e r,4e S r, S-u- crarr.rqecKue MoMeETBI;


    ?- n,Utn,Nefi u o'cblo a
    yroJl Me)I{Ay CHa'I,O,BO'fi UJTlIl
    yron Me)KAy BeKropoM MoMeHra M H ocblo J *, J u- MoMeHTbILIHepIIHU;
    b *, by -uIHpHIIa ceqeHl'Ifl,
    Hynenaa JILIHI-Iff,coeAltHtlou1as roqKl{ floflepequoro ce- pe3yJlbTlrpyrcUee KacaTe.IIbHoeHanpffxeHHe B ceqeHI{H
    qeHHff, B KOTOpbIXHanpflxeHLIe 6 paBHO HyJIIO, pa3Ae-
    onpeAenffercq:
    JIfleT I.]IOCKOCTbnO'UepeiIHOrO Ceq'eHl',IgHa ABe O6lactu: _ r_
    s oAHoft HMeIor Mecro c)Kl4Maloulne Hanpffx<eHl{s, a B r,: V .'r* (3-5e)
    apyrofi - pacrflrr{Baloulfie.
    "'n
    orpen,0Jl,f,ercff yriroBblx.I Ko-
    flo.noxeuue,uy.nenofi ;;ltr:r^,Vrr 2. Vsru6 c Pacrqx(eHueMIt cxarneM
    a$Qnrlnenrou:
    flpll coBMecTHOM AefiCreuu- usrn6a c pacTfl)KeHI4eM
    ,l Mu Jx Jx M , t M x , N
    t g o - - z -- ' + . : ? : f tSr" (3-56) HopMaJIbHoe Hanpsx<eHlre: o: -
    x Mx Jy .y 1nX hytT'
    K
    rAe N - paBHoAefi.crnyrcuar Bclgx cr{Jr, I^TpLIJIOX(eIiHbIX
    oiOp.ruti"o,fi qacrtl c"epxnn (Qnr. 3-126)-
    a) BHeueHrpe'Huoe pacrflxenue - cxarlle'
    Fiau,6,o.ntrue,eggaq'enue J'I,Meerc-nyvafi, KolAa HsrH6 CO-
    -CX{aTI{eM (norla
    3laeTcff BHeqe[rTpeHHbIM;pacTgx{eHHeM
    'cirJra N npu.rloxeHa 'BHeuentpenno)' -
    ToqKe- seqeHHq c
    Hopua,rnubl€ Hsrlrp'fix<eHHfl - B .nro6o'fi
    KOOpAHHaraMr.r x v a npu M*:Nyo, My- Nxo,

    @ue.3-127
    ':+(T.T*')' (3-60)
    TJIABA TPETbfl. CONPOTHBJIEHHE MATEPHAJIOB
    t7l

    /i
    I
    I
    -J

    0#.i ?) 3) #, N
    F

    @ue. 3-128

    rA€ Xo U gO - KO'OpAI{rHaTbI TO'qKH u.pUJI,O,XteHfis OI'IJIbI N @ue. 3-129


    (Qu'r.3-127).
    (ct"t. gnn. 3-126) or:pere-
    fl,oroxeHue uyaesori Jr'r4iH'rrr4
    JIfiercfl yrJIoBbIM K,oSQQ,HuliellT,oM, KaK 14 n,pH KOCOM It3-
    rir6e: HoBHTbror sauruytutfi KoHTyp, Hs Koroporo He AoJIxHa
    BbIXOAI{Tb TOTIKa npI{JIOXeHHS CXIIUarc111efi CHJIbI' eCnX
    J* Mu
    tgo-- -'-=-: - Y ' Hex(eJIaTeJIbHonogBJIeHHepacTgrHBaloulfixHanpq)KeHHI,I.
    Jy M)c x B Kax(AoM ceqeIIHH HMeercs nexoropufi sarrlruyruft
    Orpeaor &, orceKaeMblfi uyaenoft .rlunuefi Ha ocr g:

    b
    "-
    - Y. :i2 !: -
    ""o ' , (3-61)
    \-
    FMt-"' Mx Y

    Orpesor a, orceKaeMblfi uynenoit nunsefi ua ocr )c:


    flonepecHoro ceqeHl'Iq'
    ---np"*r,lou"
    r(oHTypy
    y - : - - i ?-Y, +My: - t ,xs
    a - - !FMu 13-62) ux sa xpafiuue [oJIo)KeH,HgHyJIerBbIxJI]IIIHH'
    Haxo.[.flTcoorBercrByloulHeTOqKHnpHrox(eHl'IqCHJI'HJLU
    TAK HA3bIBACMbIC TI O JI IO C bI.
    ., J! .e Jx
    pa'r.HYcoB HHepIrHrI' Koopnsuaru noJIIoco'B, H8 ocH'orB&H'IIllSop'rtry'n (3-61)
    rAe i", : , i-* :;--xuaaparbl
    ; t4 (3-62):
    .
    o
    a

    t i ' I x
    B cJlyqae, ecJIH pacr-flrnBalourafi HJIH cxl'IMalox{aq XO: - --':- ' )t tt ) -- - -,
    CTep,XeIIb BHeqeHTpeH'Hafr. Cr4JIa 'paqiltg.[o)KeHa B oAHOfi fis a b
    fJIaBHbIX UOCpO,Crefi ,I{,Hep11I{H,TO BiIIeq'eHTpeH[IOe pacTt-
    XieHHe-Cx(aTI{eIIrD'I'l9OO"n""KOCeBO'M'ypacTflx(e}IflIo-
    ;l'IHeP- -^Aaq
    rAe d u b -orpe3Kl4 HyneBhlx .lrssufi' ----^---.-rl Hyne-
    C)I(aTIIIO H nrpOCTOMj USnU,6y e rnaeH:Oll TIIJIO'CKOCTJ{ ltpflMgyroJIbHJ4KarIoJIIoc' cioorBer'crBylol[l{l,t
    AB, 6y'u'er B TrotlKe a' ilpll-
    III{H. noft .tnuutl, 'u'p'oBeAesgltfi no
    Hopnanrnoe Hanps)I{eHHe

    R - _ a
    M
    r *

    J * ' '
    -
    x
    :
    N
    F + ('"*fr), (3-63) qeM Oa: -
    t y
    r)

    -r
    hb3.2
    nbhb
    b
    6

    rre e - gKc[eHTp:I4s141stcn.nu ff.


    Hau6oanuree n HafiMeHbIIIeeHanpq)KeHug B ceqeHHH B .II,pyrHe BepIxJ{HbI aApP ceqgH[s:
    Q', b' b''
    too*i*, uau6olee yAaneHHbIX 'or ocfi x (Sun. 3-128): qAi,o urueet gIlA Polu6a'
    N M x N Mx I{p'yra tr;p'oBoaHM
    - m a x- -
    R - I
    I
    - {l
    ' v '1 - | tlpu flocrpoenl{.u fi,Apa ceqel{Hfl /-I'{n
    F ! Ix F w1 KacareflbHyIo Mil.
    (3-64)
    l / M x N Mx
    f,min: - Paoctogsze no coorBercrBylolu,ero floJllo'ca:
    T Jrlr:7- w2 i2 i2
    Oa: - -R'
    (-R)
    rle MOM'eHTbI c0[pO{[IB.IIelHLs
    UZr, Wz- CeqeHHfi no OT-
    HOUI€IHHIO Ii ABYM TPAfiUi'IIT'TBOJIOKHAM rr,e R - palu)'c saAaHHoro KPYra'
    lt t4 IiIIIpHHOH Tax xax A;rn KPYra
    Ens npfllvroyroJrbHoro ceqeHHfi sHCOrOfr
    b sHaqeHas nau6onnuux nanpxxenuft zRa R2
    -

    o#ff:
    #('. +) (3-65)
    i 2 -
    4r' Pz L - t

    R
    6) fldpo ceqeHufl. Ha npaxrl'IKe qacro 6neaer ueo6xo- Oa:
    ycra- 4
    AHMo Anfl pasJIHqHbIX$opttt [oflepeqHblx ceqenufi
    PA.j/]EJI NEPBhI N. OEUNN
    t72
    llocuMMerpHta3aKnroqaeM, qTo rrApo ceqeHHs- Kpyr
    R
    parHyca Oa.:
    4 /
    A.rrs rpeyroJrbtroro ceqeHHfl sApo cer{eHHr 6yaer rpe-
    yronbHHK rr T. A.

    3. Vlsrud c KpyqeHHeM
    B ce-qeHHHrrpn uaru6e c KpyqeHueM Aefic.rnyer r.r3rn-
    . _
    oarculuE naoueur M H Kpyrstrllafi naoues.r Mz.
    Moueur M B Ka)KAoM 3JreMeHTeceqeHr{q Bbr3brBaer
    HOpLlatbHOe o H KaCaTeJIbHOe HanpglKeHHe Tr, a Mo_
    MEHT IVIZ AAET B TOM X(C CEqCHHH KACATCJIbHOC HAflPq-
    XeHHe rc-
    OnacHuna- 5y.u.et ro ceqeuae, B Ko?opoM usru6arcurufi Qtuz.3-130
    r4 xp;'rauluri MoMeHTbr AocruraroT uau6ori;meri Beirnql,t-
    l,cJIH npu groM oKa)Kercs, sTo ceqeHrrq c M^^* ri
    Tlt.
    ,rtt-^* He coBnaAaloT, TO npoBep;ry Hanprrxenr.rfi cneAyer fnaeHHe u aanlonnwue KacarenbHbre HanpslKeHurr B
    NPOH3BOAI,ITb B ABYX, A UAOTN.AN HCCKOJIbKI,IX xapaIfiepHbIx rorlKax ceqeHHg onpeilexgrorcfl c"'IeAyIoIIIH-
    - CCI{CHI,I'I;{.
    flocrpoenue gfircp ueru6']ournx MoMeHToBnpou3BoAnrcfi Ma Bbipa;Ke;iHtMi.r.
    o6sr,rHHNIcnoco6ou. B toqrax .4 (cu. Sur. 3-130)
    B onacnrrx ceqerurrx ,npertnsror rJraBHbrer uau6o.nt-
    TUHE KACATC.TIbHbIC HANPN}KCHHff.
    .{,ar crepxuerl Kpyruroro ccrrenns
    (*Y\'+(+\'; (B-70)
    \zlY/yl \abLh/
    ^" m a x -
    M + { ^n+Mz
    (3-66) (!L\'-(M,"
    min 2W anax: ' ( 3- 71)
    l/ \zwyl lororn)
    Y

    B ro,rxax .B
    4

    "max
    -
    - -( [t], (3-67)
    rAe v -
    sxnaropaamutrr? rvroMeHTcorrpoTr.rBJreHHg
    r(pyi-
    /roro ceqeHuq (aenuuuurr V cM. ra6n. 3-3).
    A.rrs crepxHefi npqMoyroJrbHoro ceqeHus cyMMapHbre
    KacareJrbirbreHanpqN<eHuffnpH KpyqeHHH u aerui6e ($tar.
    3-130) 6ylyr B roqKax A u Bj (3-73)
    A
    (3-6s)
    B yr.rrax cer{eHufl
    -B- (3-6e) M.. Mv.
    ornax: =
    ,_ *. l w '
    (3-74)
    mln w -y wy
    rAe xoaQQuuueHrbr d tr cr1 6epyrca us ra6.n. 3-B (s
    ooJrbmHHcTBe Cryr{aeB KacaTeJrbHbre HaEpg}KeHHq oT no-
    I lltulul
    lepetlHbrx cHJr H'esHaqHreJrbHbr H npn pacqeTe He rrpr{HH-
    MarcTcrrBo enuuauue).
    'nax- '2 +lYr (3-75)
    \lrrl l W y)
    Ec.nn xpyrgunfi MoMeHT Mz neaenlri<, To Molxer oKa-
    3arbcs, qro Hanpflx{euHt B Jirnax ceqerrus 6ynyr r.rMerb 3rx nanpsxerrus He AonxHbr npeBocxoAHTbAonycKae-
    pemarcuee 3HaqeHr.IeAns nporrHocTH. MbIX.

    /il4TE P A T Y P A
    1. BenceB H. M., ConporHnaeHHe }larepHa.noe, I-oc.u3.[.are4bcrBo Il 3 . V s a u o s H . L { . , C o n p o r n e . n e H u\ {ea r e p H a . n o fna, a r u a s p e l a x -
    TexHHKo-Teoperuvecxofi nHTepar-vpbr, 1953- ll uuc rexHHKo-Teoperuvecxoft nureparypbr, 1937.
    2. QuloHeHKo-Eopo.u.nq M . M . n . E p . r K y p c c o n p o r u B r e u n sl l 4. HnrNQopon C - H . , C o n p o r u n a e H ur rer a r e p H a . r fooec, . a p x r . r -
    1t_alepHanoB, foc. H3.llarenbcrBo rexHHKo-reoperlqecKoft lnreparypur, ll rexrl-pHoe H3.rr,areJrbcreo, 1950.
    1949. ll 5 . P a 6 o r H o B I O . H . , C o n p o t n u e u u e r r a r e p H a . l o B ,f o c . H 3 r a '
    li re.lucrso rexHHKo-reopernvecxoft
    nHreparypH, 1950.
    TJIABA ITETBEPTAfl

    CTPOHTEJIbHAqMEXAHHKA

    4-1. OEPMbI llepsrrfi cnoco6. E c . n u B o c H o B y$ e p n a ' r o r r o l * e H


    TpeyfoJrbHHKrr. $epua o6pasonaua npHcoeAprHeHHeM Ka)K-
    l. O6rqne cBeAeHHq Aofo ysJla npu rroMoulH AByx crepxneri, He Jr e x( a uI r4x
    Ha oAnofi npliuofi, T o c r r c r e M a H e r . r 3 M e H f i e MI /ar .n s
    !Depuu, npeACTaersrculne co6ofi cr{creMbr 83anlrHo- ooparHbrM nyreM, T. e. nocJreAoBareJrbHo or6pacrrnaa or
    'cBfl3aHHbIXcrepxueft' npll pacqerax ,{aunofi cncreMbr o.t,ltiH ga ,[pyrn,M y3Jrbr c ABD/tur rrpu-
    noJlaralor coeAHHeH-
    HbrMu B y3nax uaprrnpaMr.r. lllapnupn Kpe[IJrfrorqr{MHHx cTepxffifl,MH,rl\.{,Q)l(.,HQ ycTaHoiBI.lTbB KOH-
    npeAnoJrararorcfl
    HAea.nbHIIMH,T. e. Ao[ycKalourrEMH esauruurrfi noBopor ue erorl oleparrxu, rITo cucreMa HeH3MeHqeMa,ec.iru
    coeAr.rgreMbrx rrMH ctepxHefi 6es rpeHr{ff. ocraercg rpeyroJrbHHK wrr4 noo6ue HeH3MeH.fleMascIl_
    Harpysxu BcerAa cqrrrarorcfl npr{.nox{eHgbrMlr B y3Jrax creMa. Tax, -or6pacbiBafl y3Jrbr 8, T, O, S v crepxHr{ y
    . Qeprrasl,l.lso6paxesuofi Ha Sur. 4-1, npfixoAaM K Ba-
    Sepr"r, BcJreAcrBHe qero Bce ctepxHu pa6oiaror ?rcKJrro-
    'guTe.irbHoHa KJIIoqeHHIo, qro y3.irbr 4 14 4' flpl{co,eAaHer{br cTepx<-
    [poroJrbgbre y,crlJrtn. Ec.rn B Sepnne HMeer
    MecTo HenocpeAcTBeHHOe npHJrO)KeHHe HafpysKr{ K H f l M r { ,J I e x t a u r I , I M H H a o 4 u o f i rrpf Mofi, cJreAo-
    crep)KHffM, TO npH onpeAeJreHHHoCHOBHbTX BaTeJIbH,O, CIICTeMa HSrM,eHEeMa, TOqH,ee, M,fHOB,0HHO
    yCunnfi n Il3MeHteMa.-
    Qeprr,reranKe flpeAnonaraercr ysJroBoe,qer?crnueHarpya- g a x J r r o s a e r c rB p a c c M o r p e u r { H
    RH c ilOCJIeAYIOUIUIT yqeTOilir Hern6arclrlux MoMeHTOBB Bropofi cnoco6 or-
    crep>r(Hsx or Aeficrers HarpysKn, pacnoJrox(euuofi ruex(Ay AeJIbHbrx.racreft Sepuu KaK .[,rzcKoBH ycraHoBJreHHHxa-
    y3naMH. paKTepa vx coe,EuneHr{fiMexAy co6or?.
    flon Ar{cKorvr rtoApa3yMeBaercfl HeH3MeHseMaflqacrb
    Seprrlrr.
    B HeH3MeHseMbrxcucrelv{ax ABa Ar{cKa AoJr>KHbr6rrrr
    2. Vcflonraq HeugMeHceMocrr.r coeAr{HeHbrrxapHr{pot{ H cTepxHeM LrJrr{TpeMfl HenapaJr-
    .rreJrbHbIMH tr HenepeceKalou{Hj\{r{cflB oAHoft ToqKe crep)K-
    KaxAaq Seprrla AoJrx(Ha 6urs cacrenrofi reoMerpr4qe- HxMH; TpH .ulrcKa AoJx{HbI 6trrn coeAH:HeHbITp.eMfl urap-
    cKH Hen3Meuqevrofi.I,IsnaeHselrge c6creMbr He MorVT HupaMu, He JrelKauluxr.r Ha oAnofi lprrr,roft, rinrr aKBHBa-
    npr.rMeHrrbcq KaK Sepnrrur. JIeHTHbIMr.r CTepX(HqMH.
    B cTaraqecKn onp,elenilrr,rori Seprue Ao.rrxrno co6nrorarr- llpu ,ue,co6arcAeHun
    ol'ux ycloeuft ,noryqaer,crr MrHo-
    Cff YCJ'IOBI{e: BCH,HOI{3.MEHflEMAff CIACTCMA.
    IIoa MnHorBeHHo H3MeI{fierilbIMI{ cucreMaM[.r fl,oAp,a3yMe-
    Baror€fi TaKve, Koropble AonycKaloT ToJrbKo 6ecrogequo
    k,:2n, (4-l) ]laJIbIe flepeMeUIeHI{fi, II,O'CJI,eqefo CTaHO,BflTCg H,9II,3M€,IIfl€-
    MbIMI4.
    'rAe A - qucno crep>xnefi Seputr, BKJrrosaff onopHbre; B MrH,oBeHHoHgMeufleMbrx ctr,cTeMax Moryr BoBH!{Karb
    n- qvc.lrc Bcex ygJron
    Seplrn. IIoA Harpysrofi 6ecroue.ruo,6oltltr'He ycr{Jr,Hff.
    Ecnpr BbrAeJrurbH3 Qeprvrrr (Snr. 4-2\ sarrrrpuxoBaH-
    6eprua, HMerourafi 6onruee qncJro crepxnefi, crarl{qe- HbIe qacTrl, flB.Ilrloullrecfl AHcKaMH, To JrerKo y6e4nrlca,
    cKI{ HeO[peAeIIdMa, MeHbluee- H3MeHreMa. qTo 3TH AITCKHCOeAHHeHbITpeMfl HenapaJrneJrbHbIMH H
    \ Co6aroAeuus ycrroBr.rfl (4-l ) eure HeAocraroqHo A.rtff HenepeceKaIoIIIHMHcsB oAHorl ToqKe creplr{HffMn, T. e.
    ycrauoBirennfl HeH3MeHffeMocrH. Heo6xoAuuo raKlKe rtpo- Qepua HeHBMeHfleMa.
    H3BecrH aHaJru3 crpyxTypbr Sepuu. Cnoco6os aHaJrHsa
    Sepurr HecxoJrbKo,Ho uan6o.uouee npaKTuqecKoe BHaqe-
    que HMeIOT,qBa.

    <Due.4-l @ue. 4-2


    PASEEJI NEPBbIE. OEAhN.
    174
    ycwtrwirn Qepruax
    3. OnpeAeJIeHHe Aa-P'(a*d)
    Dr-r,: b
    f2 f2

    a) IIpu )eilcreuu nocrofltrt{oilHaeWsKu


    Ec.nu ycHJrr{e B raxo*t-.nlt6o crepxne noJlyquTcs co
    I ) Ana;rurnqecrnfi cnocod onpeAeleHuq ycu.llufi- Pac- SHaKOMnJrrOC,CTepXeHb pacTflHyr; eCJIHCO 3HaKOMMH-
    qer HaquHaercs c onpeAeJIeHHsonopnblx pearc[ufi, aHa- Hyc - cTepx(eHb cxar.
    JIorHqHo roMy, KaK sro Aenaercfl u An4 6a.nox.--
    Onpe1e.oenue gcuttuti a dattoqnom Qepuax. Ans Ha- Pz
    xolxAelrut ycunrafi B onpeAeIIeHHoM crepx(He npoBoAuTctl d) \
    c e q e H I{ e, nepeceKaloluee Aanuufi crepxeHb -H He 6o- PJ 06 -/-.t

    rlee AByx ApyrHx (Ser. 4-3).- fiefictnne ot6poureuHofi


    (npaaofi, ua Qu'r. 4-3) qa'crl'l $epvru.3a'Morlflercfl 'HeH3-
    (nOnO'XlateaOUfrUU)
    BecTrrbIMI{ troKa p,a,CTfrl.ItsarOufr.r'rra,rl
    ycHrIrIrIMH (Q'u,r. 4-3,6).
    Vs ycfloBllq paBeHcrBa HyJIIo cyMMbI MoMeHToB Bcex
    cvInt, [pHJIoxeHHbIx K resofi qacrl{, B ToM qI{cJIe u ycu-
    ild nbp.."ue""ti* ornocurerlbHo rotIKH (r3K
    "tepxuefi,
    HasueaeNloft ttotrleursofi touxu) nepeceqeHufl AByx Apy-
    rnx (xporrte ucxotrloro) crep>xnefi, noJlyqaerct{:
    @ue. 4-4

    " - M zu t

    Vcu.nHs B ceqeHHH n-n (Sur. 4-3,4) e norcax Sep-


    r. e. ycHJIue B crepxffie Qep'uu paBHo MoM'eHry.M p ne- MbI Orr'pe.qeJlflorcff zI,rIoJI'o,fHgHbIMtrpI4eMO'M.oArsarO Ann
    BbIX I{JrH [paBbIX CLIJIOTHOgI{TeJIbHOMOMeHTI{OfitOqXU, pacKoca Dlt-e MoMeHTHaffTorIKa, T. e. TOTIKanepeceqe-
    AeJIeHHOMyHa nJleqo ycplnHq B HCKOMOM CTep)KHeoTHo- Hr{fl noscoB, HaxoAHTcq B 6ecxone.IHocru. B gtolnl cJyqae
    cI{TeIIbHo lofi xe r'oqKn. paBeHcrBo Hynlo cyMMbI npoexuufi Ha BeprI{KaJIbHyIoocb
    Bcex cfiJr, npLrJIoxeHHbIx x nesolz qacru, Aaer AJIfl ycu-
    rrrrfl,B pacKoce SHaqeHI4e:

    u tt-z:
    0
    '
    Gn o

    rAe Q- nonepeqHafl cLIJIa B nepeceqeunofi naHeJIH;


    a- yfoJr HaKJIoHa pacKoca K ropI,ISoHTy.
    Vcunue e crofixe V l-2 He Mo)Ker 6url nafiAeso no
    P2
    npeALrAyqeMy, TaK KaK IIeJIb3x npoBecrl{ ceqeHue, nepe-
    n ceKaloulee roJIbKo rpu creplKHfl, B ToM qI'IcJIe crofiry
    ;;'I* V tt -z . ilns HaxolKAeHL{fl BeJIHqEI{bIgToro ycHJII'Ifi Bblpe-
    3aercr yeen 2 (Sar. 4-3,e), a Bce cI{JIbI, B ToM tlucne
    € ycunur [epepesaHHblx crepxueri, [poeKrl'Ipylorcs Ha Bep--
    "\ THKanbEyIo ocb. Vs panbnctna HyJlIo cyMMbI npoexqnft
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    HVJTIOCVMMbIMOMeHTOBBCeX CHJI, npHnolKeHHblx K apoq-
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    B na'er ,U,ni' BeJrr{qr.iHbr nepurxannnofi cocTaBJlflIolqefi
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    @ue.4-3

    Hanpurraep (ceuenue rn-m $ur. 4-3,q), ArIfl ycilrftrr


    o rr-ti r'rotueHruafl ToqKa 6yaer B y3JIe /, nneqo ycnlrrrfr
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    xoce D1-11 MorM,gHTHaq To'rIrKaR' tuleqo fz- coorrselcr- I

    BeHHo sroMy 3HaqefiHs yu.nnfi 6yayr; rAe M C- MOM'CHT JIOBbIXHJIa np'aBblx CHJI, IIotACqUragHuli'l
    KaK AJIff upocrofi 6a.nru, oriHocnTeflbuo cPen-
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    -- HeIb IuaPH[Pa C.
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    M,, A.2d - Prd - ' xe nyreM, KaK u !;rrfl 6anoqsofi $epuu, c tofi JIHLTIb
    pa3-
    ur-z:ffi:- n nuqeft, qro B yPaBHeHHe MoMeHToB'JIeBbIx (Hnr'r npaeux)
    TJIABA I]ETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJIbHAfl MEXAHHKA
    175
    cHJrBoftAerraKlxe H MoMeHTnopu3oHTaruuoli cocraBJrflro- tca -nonyqur_o6osHaqerrueb-|, ycHJrHe a cpeaneft crofixe
    ttt.efi. Hanpnrrlep, EJrr ycr{nufl O o-s (Qnr. 4-4,6 ceqeHue 5-6, cr.rJrbrbc, cd H T. .[.
    m*ml HMeeMBbrpa)KeHne:
    /
    M2- Ityn
    oa-s:-

    rAe M2 - MoMeHT orHocHreJrbHo ysrra 4 KaK AJrfl rpo-


    crofi 6anxu:
    py, Korop_as HaxoAnrcs MexAy srr.rMu AByMfl 6yxeauu,
    !+ - opAHrraTa Morr{eHrHofi ToTIKH;
    r - nJreqo ycHJtHfr oa_s
    r. e. /. Hs no.nyueHHofiTaKHM o6pasor,l B MHoroyroJrbur.r-
    oTHocHTeJrbHO STOH
    Ke cHJr rorIKH .1 neAelt JILIHHIo,napaJItreJIbIIyrc creplKHlo
    TOTIKI{. I-2; Hg Toqru a ilHHHro, napaJrJreJrbHyroa-2; B ToqKe
    2) I-paQuuecxufi cnocoO onpeAeJreHHfl ycu"lufi (aua- nepeceqeguq craBr.rM rIHSpy 2. Toqxu 2 H ./ cosnaAaror,
    rpaMMa Marceerra - I(perraonur).llocrpoeuue AuarpaMMbr r. e. crepxeHb I-2 ne pa6oraer.
    ycuttuit ocHoBaHo Ha pagJroxeHur.r cr,tJrbr,3aAaHHofi no se- Taxnn >Ke o6pasou nepexoAlrM K cJreAyroulr.rMys.rraM,
    JIHr{I4HeI{ HaflpaBJreHr{ro,
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    Ans Bo3Mo)r(Hocrr{ HenocpeAcrBeHHoro nocrpoeHHq yroabHlrKa JTHHHH, napaJrJreJrbHbre cooTBeTcTByIouI[rM
    AuarpaMMbr Maxceenra - I(peuonu ueo6xoAnuo HanH- crep)KHflM, craBfl B Toqre flepeceqeH].rs ry 6yxny r4Jrur
    qHe y3JIa, B KOTOpoM cxoAqTcq TOJTbKO ABa CTep)KHq; C quQpy, Koropaq HaxoAHTcq Mex{Ay 3THMH o6osHaqeHr.rq-
    3TOrO y3na Harrr{HaeTc.fl nocrpoeHr{e pa3Jrox{eHHet{ paB- MH Ha qeprex(e Qepuu.
    uo4eftcreyroqefi BH,errr'HHX cHJt, rlpuJroxgrrrrbrx K y3Jry Ha Jfto6oruy Bbrpe3anHoMyyqacrKy $epnan coorBercrByer
    [Ba HaJI'paBJIr$LLIfl, IIapaJIJIeJIbHble CTep)KHfl'M, B ]@TOpblX gaMKnyrbrfi cr.uroeorl MHoroyroJrbHr.rKnpuJrox{eHHbrxK yqa-
    o[pe'A€Jlfirorcrr y'cuJrus,. .{a.nee nocrpoegue flporrsaoAnTcr crKy BHerrrHHx cn,rr rr ycutnfi, B creplr(Hffx. Hanpuuep,
    AJIff y3JIa, fA€ CXOASTCT: CTepXeHb, B KOTOpOMycHnne yx(e rracrH, Bbrpe3aHHofiua qeprex(e (Snr. 4-5,a) aauxuyrofi
    6s1ipe,[eJr€Ho,
    r{ He 6onee AByx Apy,rnx. B oroM y3ne pa,B- .lt'Euuefi ffi-ffi, co,oTBeTcTBygr3aMI$IyrHrl,cunos,oli M'HoDo-
    g0AefircrByroqyrc sHsufiefi cHJrbI,npr,r.uoxeun'0fiK 3ToMy yroJrbHHK d-e-6-7-a4-5-d, npeAcraBJrenunfi Ha
    'B creplr{He
    ysffy, u uari"qeurioifoycuJr,r4fl l}acKra4bnBarorrra $ar. 4-5,6 )KHpHbrMHJrr.ruxflMa. 3naru ycnnufi rerqe
    ,QBa III,O'BbIX [I'a[IpatsJI€HLIf H T. .lI. Bcero onpeAeJlflTb r{3 ycJloBr{g, rrTo KaxAoMy Bbrpe3aHHo-
    Ha ueprexe $eprvrur pafionu I,rJrH3oHbr MelKAy cHJraMH My ysny finH orceqeHsofi qacru Seprvru coorBercrByer
    HyMepylor no flopflAKy, o6osHaqas ux 6yxnarvul HnH saur<Hyrufi MHoroyroJrbHHK.Tax, H3 Snr. 4-5,6 JIerKo
    euQpaun; Hy,Mepyror raKxe E yqacrKa, 3arffrroqenHble ycMoTperb, qro caJra de Ha[paBneHa BHHs, cJreAoBareJlb-
    Me)Iqy crep,)KIIsMI{ ($ur. 4-4,a). O6,osHaqeHlee 3oH n Ho, ycnJrr.Ie e-6 HarrpaBJIeHoK ygJly - cx{arl{e, ycHJIHe
    yr{a,erKoB o6u.Iuo AeJraercfl B rropggKe o6xo.u,a nlo r{aco- 6-7 x y3Jry - clKarz€, ycr{JI}Ie 7-a ot yBJIa - p,acrfl)Ke-
    noft crpe.nxe. HHe, ycr{Jrue a-4 or ygJla - pacrtxeHue, ycHJIHe 4-5 t<
    y3Jry- cx{arHe, ycurue 5-d K y3JIy - cx(arHe.

    '6) IIpu dertcreuunoAsuercHoti


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    Onpe,u,e,'reHHe
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    BJIT4frHUfl.
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    'iii
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    PASIEJI nEPBbtE. OErqnn


    176

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    fl'ogca, K KoTopoMy llp't{Jr,oxsHaHarpy3K?, T?rK KaK TOJIbt(o
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    .J-
    TJTABA ITETBEPT'Afl. CTPOHTEJIUHAfl MEXAHHKA
    177
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    rrrapHHpHofiapounofi $epuul Moxer 6srrs npeAcraBneHaB
    BHAe anre6paauecxofi cyMMbI .nnHufi BJIHTHIIflych.'lHn S',
    CooreercrBylouas JTHHHff Btrrifl,Hwfla'Cb' nonyqaerct
    KaK e 6anoqHofi $epr're, H JIIIHI,II BJIHflHufl ycl{nut S",
    H3 Jrr4HHHBrnfHHfl pacnopa yMHOX(eHr,reM OpAHHaTee Ha
    Bbr3brBaeMoropacnopoM, TaK: h,
    Mou- H hn BeJIr{qHHy --
    ' h . Aa"tree noJryqeHHaflJTHHHnBJIHIHLTfiaJrre-
    S:S'*S":
    fp 6pauvecxu cKnaAbrBaeTcfic rroJlyqesHofi .nauueft B.IIHT-
    rAe MX- touxe /a,
    nvHHfl BJIHflHLIflMoMeHraB MoMeHTHofi H.afl ycnilvn KaK Arq 6aroqnofi $eprusr. Taxuv o6pa:ou
    noryqeHa gar.urpr{xoBaHHaflilHHHfl BJIUflHHSycunl-rff Us_z
    KaK B 6a.noqsofi Qepue;
    H - nwwus BJTHnHHT pacnopa; (Sur. 4-7,6).
    ft 4- n"neuo pacfiopa orHocuTerbHo uouesrsoft llpu nocrpoeur{H JTHHHUBrlrqHuff AJrs ycunufl B pac-
    xoce Dg-2 nocrynalor reM x(e rlyreM. Csaqaaa crpouT-
    roqru ft;
    12 3ar. tz5
    PA3IIEJI NEPBbIN. OEAHN
    178
    (4-2)
    B Qoprr,ry.rrax H (4-3) npuHrrbr creAyrouHe
    cg JIHHIITa'Iud'b" (Sur- 4-7,a'1 Ann pacKoca6aro'rHofi o6ognaqeHHq:
    BJII{qHHe pacnopa aHaJIo-
    Qeprrru,a noroM yt{HTblBaercn flpnt y-*111^",no*Ha illr, dr, Ni-usru6aloune MoMeIITbI,nonepeqlible H Hop-
    rHqHbIM npeauayurer*ly o6paaor'l'
    ;p;;*" (.[";. 4'-7,ai pacnonox(eH'H y"-I:.1]2y roqKI'I ManbHbte CHJIbt, BbI3BaHHbIe$nxr-unHttttl
    'anHsHHe^ - 'eAHrHt{q+IbIMso3Aetlc'rgHeM P -.-L no Ha-
    R opAHlraraMII TpeyroJlb-
    pacnopa onpeAerurcq
    a"c"bi', xoaopHft nony'Iaercfl H3 JlHHHrl BJIHfl'HHf rlpa'BJIeHHIo Hc'KoMol'onepeMeuleHHr (rnep-
    ""*^ Boe coctoruue);
    h"
    pacilopa yMHox(eHI4eMopAI{Har Ha ; floAo6suu rr<e Mk, Qn, Np- usrH6aloulue MoMeHTbI, nonepeqHbre H
    HopManbHbIe cnJIhI, BbI3BaHHbIeeosAeficr-
    yc}t- BI{eM Pp (eropoe cocronHue);
    o6pasorrl nocrpoeHa Ha Snr. 4-7,e JII{HI'In BnutHHq
    E - uonyJlb ynpyrocrlr MarepuaJIa;
    JrHi e pacKoceDg-t.. G - r,ro4yJlbcABLIra MarepltaJla;
    ./ - tuoveut HHepUHLIceqeHur crepxHr;
    F - n.nouaAs ceqeHl{fl crep}KHq;
    ft - xoaQQHuneHr, ysnrslnaroulHfi HepaBHoMep-
    4-2. PAMbI HOCTbpaCnpeAe[eHHff KaCare-IIbHbIXHanpfl-
    xeHnfi no ceqef{H}o;
    Parrrofi Ha3blBaercq ylpyrafl .cucreMa' cocroqulas tr3 ls - cpeAHee H3MeHeHHeTeMreparypb] B IIeHT-
    HpfMoJrHHeilHUXr.tIUr,KpHBOnrtHefisux sJIeMeHTOB'>KecTKo pe rslKecrrl ceqeHnfl (Qur. 4-9),
    B3aHMHocBfl3anHblx B y3nax. Pauu orHocnrcq K craru-
    qecKH HeonpeAeJIHMblM CHCTeMaM'B KOTOpbIXBHyrpeHHI4e t,- to
    cHJIbl, a HHorAa fl onopHble peaKqHH' He Moryr-
    6utrs fo: --l-.!z*tzi
    cra- n
    onpeAeneubl rtpn noMoulfi oAHI'lx ToJIbKo ypanHeuufi
    ;;;; ; tpeoyio", KpoMe roro' yqera ynpyrrx 'u'e$opua-
    u,Hft. Af-pa3Hocrb sbueuests reMneparyp B rpafi-
    HHx BoJroKHaxceqeHuR,A, - t1 - t2i
    a - xors$uuneur lnnefiuoro reluneparypHofo
    paculPlpeHI'IqMaTepI{aJIa.
    nepeMeuleHnfi
    1. OnPeReJIeHHe
    - MoPa
    a) @oPngnaMarccoertrta

    flepeueuenHe B HanpaBJIeHI'IH
    -Bo3Aeficrsus ^(cruu HJIH
    Pn (QIrr' 4-8)
    Ft or sosAeftctsus orpeAe-
    ""*;;;;i Qoprrly.rlofi:
    frfercfl

    ( t r y d sr*[ W d s *
    trl
    uru:I
    @ue. 4-9

    (4-2)
    @op'rvry.na(4--3) Aa,Ha 'B [pe[noJIox(eHI4H, qro reMrlepa-
    B nonepeqHoM ceqeHnH cTepxHq H3MeHfleTCffno 3a-
    "ypa
    rouy npnuofi (Qur. 4-9)
    HJIH C yqeToM BJIHSHHfl TeMnepaTypbl: linteiprposaHHe n Scir'ryaax (4-2') n (4-3) Aorlx(-
    ct4-
    Ho 6'ri iacnpocrpaHeHo Ha Bce 3JreMeHrbIAassofi
    cTeMbI t4 pe3ynbTaTbl npocyMMHpOBaHbl.
    b,ft %P',*J\4 +
    : I (Je# ds*kJ O6nuHo- npn pacr{ere paM npene6peraercn
    npoAoJIbHbIX U
    AefictsHeM
    nonepeqHblx CHJI'-TaK KaK O H I I M A A O
    BJIrrflIor Ha KoHeqHbIe pe3yJlbrarbl. lloetouy B npaKTHI(e
    pacqera pala Qopr"ry.na (4-2) npllMeHlercq B coKpaIueH-
    HOM BHIC:
    - Niat.ds
    * (4-3)
    J [-**' ") Dift : (4-4)

    Ocuonuuu ceofictsoM nepeueuleuufi, BbI3BaHHbIx yflpy-


    rHMH 4eQoprr,IauuflNlu, flBJlflercg Hx B 3 a H lvl H o cr b:

    Dift: b7'; (reopelua Maxcne'l;ra), (4-5)

    T. e. flepeMeuleHHe, BbI3BaHHoe eAHHHqHbIM sogAeficrel'IeM


    nepBoro cocToflHHf no HanpaBJIeHHrc nosAeficreHq BTOporo
    coiroqHr.rg, paBHO (uuC.neuuO) neperraeuteHt{Io, BbI3BaHHOMy
    e.[,HHHqHbrM nogAeilcrnHetu BToporo cocTogttHt no HanpaB-
    JreHHro sogAeftcrsnq nepBoro cocrogHnfl'
    @uz. 4-8
    .JIABA ITETBEPTA'|, CTPOIITEJIbHAfI MEXAHHKA
    179
    Ta.x KaK Mbr ,HUreM BepruKantrHoe nepeMetqe[{lle ToTIKH
    6) TeoPenaBePeulaeuHa b, to npHJIox(HM3Aecb no HSIIpSTBJIBHHIoHcKoMoro lepe-
    NIeuIeHHrr,T. e. BH,H3,$uxruaHylo eAHHHI{HyIocHJIy. Snro'
    pa or Hee AaHa Ha Snr. 4-I0',o.
    Arq n'rerpana ry
    Bbrqr.rcre'Hrr ds 7v c.ry-
    I Hcxouoe nepeMeuleHne nonyquM no ynpouleriuofi <Dop'
    Ir3 snlop Myne Marcsenaa - Mopa:
    qae (Qer. 4-10), KorAa oAIIa MOMeHTOB,

    d
    " t .P^ : t4 ) - if-
    4,M, d
    - ' -x : [ O ( - p ' r ) d x *
    )o EJ

    en\ I-P (h * xll dtc:


    L.J

    Ph3
    dx: +
    EJ *,

    Ph3 Phg 2Ph3


    - - L.J '
    EJ zL.J

    rranpHMep,Mi , Ha yqacrKe ab npsMonuHefisas,cneAyer

    Mp HJrHno JeopeMeBePeuaruua:
    flnoulaAb .srropbr B npeAeJlax o r a nob yMHo-
    LJ
    ll(Hrb Ha ry opnHHary ls eflroPin Mi, KOfOpas C@TBeTCT- 2Ph + Ph - -
    Ph2 Phz
    ByeT ueHTpLyTffxecrH nn.oqaAl4 gnIOpbI M p . b 'r p : - ^ - - 0 r - ^ - h *' * - hh:
    zLJ 2L'J 2tJ

    Ph\ 2PhB+ Phs 2Ph3


    -:- -J- ..-
    -1- '
    2L,J 2EJ EJ

    llpu pacqere crarl{qecKl{ HeonpeAeJII'IMbIx c?IcreM


    z o6uqso onpeAentloT nepeMer[eriHfl, yBeflHrIeHHbIeB
    EI" pz3, rai Ic -Hau6onee qacro Bcrpeqarcurnfics B
    fJ= const AaHHOI{ COOpyX(eHHH MOMSHTr,r}repqug.TOrAa HHTerpaJIbI
    npuo6petalor BI'IA:

    @ue.4-10' ( r l
    '"
    I M; Mr ds.
    J J

    llpnrr,rep. Onpe.u,enuru BeprHKaJIbIIoenepeMeureHl'Ie'Ha-


    npaBJIeHHoeBHH3, B ToqKe b louauoro crepxHfl' 3aAe- BIIAe
    sHaqeHufl IIHrerpaJIoB B
    JIaHHoro oAHHM KoHIloM, noA sosAefrctsneld ropn3oH- B ta6n. 4-l AaHbI
    ta.nrsofi cHrIbI P (Srar. 4-lU,al - t t, t tu dsl ws, noJIyqeHI'Ifl HcrHHHbIx B€JIHqHH nepelue'
    !
    ufenufi ta6.nuquue 3HaqeHHfl HHTeIpaJIOB CaeAYeT pa3Ae-
    Snropa MoMeHroB or ropl{3onra.nruofi cHJIbI P npeA-
    JrHTb Ha E./ Aasnoro creP)KHr.
    cras.nena na Qur. 4-W,6.

    12*
    :,ft

    PA3,qEN NEPBbIH. OEIqNN


    rB0
    Ta6ttu4a 4-I
    oopuyru 4an u'rerparo, J Mt MP ds
    (Bce xpr.rno"nnHefisue snlopbl, KpoMe oco6o yKa3aHHblx, flBrstorcq KBaAparHbrMHnapa6o.navu)

    3nrcpa M,

    I
    enwpa MU
    1-25

    t _
    ^ [2 (I[alVIa* Morvlt)*
    o
    ,
    t t -
    M"(2 M"* Mo) Mo(M"* 2 M|)
    6 6
    * MoMo + fuoMol
    4t uz . 4- 11

    N @u2.4-12
    t
    e
    -
    M"Mo

    fr fr t - l _
    M"rw
    t -
    tt
    M (tnt" * Mo) TMu
    T z
    @uz . 4- 13

    t -
    !- tz (M6M6-Mo-tut")+
    I _ I
    b Mo)
    o M u Qfrn-
    ^ Mo(Mo-2 M"\
    * Mofub--tuIoMd b

    @ u z .4 - 1 4

    t) *
    ul^"('*
    Et
    +)]o
    *Mo('+
    i
    -o - l
    M" *,
    \I+ 1)
    x ' \
    l ',',('.+)
    @uz. 4- 15

    i**"-
    *1""-+ {m"r"('-l) *^u'"
    - Mi t - -
    lM"

    6ri"lr"('-'+)-
    z tt
    -Ma('-'f)]
    ln"''F+ l-n,
    @uz. 4 - 1 7
    TJIABA ItETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJTbH Afl MEXAH AKA
    lBl
    II podo.,tuce
    Hue ra6Jr. 4-t

    3nrcpa rM6 T,
    L
    @u2.4-25 @u?. 4-26
    @ue. 4-27

    l - l - I
    M"(M"*Md(t-x) M"M"(l-x) Mr(l - x\
    z Z zMu
    4> uz . 4- I B

    I I I
    Mr(M"-Mil(t-*) M"(l - x) - M"(l-x)
    6 aM" oMu

    @uz.4-19

    t -
    M, (ftil" + Mb) -3T M" M"
    - t _
    s g MtM"

    @uz .

    t -
    ^ [Mo(Mo+2]vlc)+
    a -
    t _
    o Mo(Mo * 2 Mr) M, Q M"* tuIo)
    6 a
    Quz.4-21 * MtQfu,+ful)l

    t - t t _
    M" (IM"*M1) Mo Mo Muu"
    n 4 Ii

    t _ T t _
    M"(4M"*M1) Mo Mo MoM"
    6 5 zo

    I _ . 5t t -
    M"('Ma+3Mb) M" M" MoM"
    n 12 +

    cDuz.4-24
    PASN,EN NEPBbIN. OEAHN
    182
    Il podonctcexue
    ra6n. 4-I

    Snropa rl'f,

    entopa lllp
    H6
    \\\\i @ u z . 4 -2 8 4)uz. 1-29

    ' t _ I -
    I
    (MoMo-lrtoNIo)*
    u I2(It["-Mo-M0fuil+
    -M
    L

    (tuIo+Mn\ 6 t,
    2
    * Mo Ma*I'1ft /\/!bl * MoM6 - n[b ll4a1

    t _ t _
    M"(M6-2M") M"(2Md-Mb)
    T T
    @uz. 4-12

    t I -
    fr M
    2
    M (Mo - Mo)
    T
    M(M"-Mil

    (Duz. 4 - 13

    t _ t _
    t - tuto*MoMS- ^ l-2(MoM"-MuMil+
    M(Mo- M") 7tz(M" o
    T
    - MaMr- I'luAlol * MoTrIo*MotuIoI
    @uz. 4 - 14

    rt

    rc f x l-
    M" (M"+Mb)l*"
    TM Ti "- 3/
    ..r

    r
    t
    TM
    _
    M, n n"l*,('-r- )* -+r"lru('-';).
    * Mo('-'
    #)l * M.('-'f)]
    Qua. 4 - 1 7
    TJTABA I]ETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJIbHA'| MEXAHHKA
    183
    Ilpodoncreuue ra.6a. 4-l

    M llIc (t - x) I 1 -
    M, (Mo-M") (l - x) (M"-Md(t-x)
    2 TM,

    l - t _
    - Ms (MalM6) (l-*\ M" (M"* Avlil(t - x)
    M; 6 A
    ' 8u2. 4- 1 9

    2t t - t _
    M' M'(Mt - M"\ M, (M" - Mo)
    TM T T

    t - t -
    tuilz M"*Mi - + 2 M")-
    u tM"(TI"
    I
    tvtlMoa+Mr+W) u
    6
    - Mo(tuIo+ 2t4c\ l -M6 QM, +frt)l
    @uz.4 - 21

    I _ t _ T -
    M" M"(M6-3M") f,f"(gMa-Mb)
    TM E tz

    @uz . 4- 2 2

    &.' a.
    t _ I t -
    too' M" (Mt-lM"') (4M"- M6\
    nopa6ona TMM" 20 nM"

    @uz .4 - 2 1

    I - t -
    Aa"(5M"* gMi
    ?^o, n
    M"(7Mb-iMa)
    tz
    4t uz . 4 - 2 1
    flpnuet{aHHe. l-Ipuue,,reHHu e er a f a . 4 - l s u a q e H H cu H T e r p a n o BM_ o r y r 6 u r s p a c n p o c r p a H e } i bHl a c.nyuair Kpr{BHX crepxHeir, HMeK}ulHx rre-
    pelreHHurfi MoA:eHTuneprixr,r ycJroalrH. ecau J cos g - c{Jlrs{ -./s, fA€ g - HaKJIoH ocn crepxHc K OCH t.
    "/, npu
    Jleficrsureauuo:
    ot
    r fr, ^" f

    J
    \ L # ' " = \Uf f - hc o s s J
    \''I'rudx
    i+
    PA3nEn nEPBbrn. OEUHn
    181

    2. MeroA cur

    I ) OcHouHHe npeAnocbt.ltxn, B MeroAe cHJI 3a HeH3Becr-


    HbIe npuHl{MarcTcfl cHJIoBbte Qaxlcpul - HopManb,Hble H
    uortepequbre cHJrbil I{ MoMeHTbI. tlpu peueHHH 3aAaq no
    M€To.rly cHJI 3aAaHHafl cucrema, k pa3 crarHr{'ecKn Heonpe-
    AeJrHMan, cHaqara o6pautaercq B crarnqecKn onpeneJlH-
    MyIo nyreM yAareHHn Hercuropux ft, TaK Ha3btBaeMblx
    rllrunrtxt cessefi (nu6upaercn ocHoB,Hag cucreva). Aefi-
    crBIte gTHX cnflsefi 3aMeHfl'ercfl Aeftcranelt HeH3'Becr,nblx
    CHI X1, X2, ..., X n. I(OToPHe H npHCOeAnHflIOTCfl K SaAaH'
    uoft uarpy3Ke coopyxenur.
    2) KanonuqecKue ypaBHeHHq. OcHoeHHe ypaBHeHLIq npu
    gToM I{Meror cnegyrcu1lafi <KaHoHLlqecxuit> - oAHHaxoreblft
    N,JIff BCCX CHCTEM BHA:

    xe*.. .*br' xn*lrp *brr :0i


    brrx,*Drsxz*Dre

    Xr+. .- *Dm Xn*brp-FD4- 0;


    DzrXr*DzzXz*Dza I
    I
    barxr*brrxs*Daax3+. .. *bar, x"*Eap-F031: 0;
    (4-6)
    1I

    bnrXr*bnrXzi braXa*...+ lnnxn+Enpfb21:0.

    flepnoe Hs gTr.rx ypaanenr'rfi Bblpax(aer ry MbIcJIb, sro


    cyMMapHoe nepeMeilteHr4erro HanpaBJIeHHIO nepaofi yAa-
    neugoft cBflgH, BhrgBaHHoeBceMH .IIHtTIHHMII HeH3BecrHbI-
    MH, a raKlKe eceft sHerurlefi Harpysxoft I'I TeMneparypofi,
    paBHo Hynlo. AHaaorH.ruufi cttltc.tt I{MepT E npoqHe ypaB- @ue. 4-32 .
    HEHHq.
    B aTr.rx ypaBHeHlisx bin - nepeMeuenr.re B HanpaBJIe-
    nnu X1 or ycr{JIHsX n:l,bip - nepeMeuleHHeB Harpa-
    BJTeHHH yCu.nun x; or sHeurnefi Harpy3KH; b7 - nepeMe- nunp"*ap, ecJru Arrfl Hepaepesuofi 6anww (Sur.
    IqeHrre B HanpaBJreHur.r Xi ot reMneparypbl. 4-31,a'1 ocHoBHyrocucreMy npnHflrb (QHr.4-31,6) B
    llepeueueunn bift, Dio H Dif onpeAeJlflorcff BHAe prLa npocrbrx oAHonpoJrerHbrx 6a.nor, To nonyqnT-
    Ro Qopnryne Maxceenna - Mopa lrJru no reopeMe Bepe- c a D , r : D , o b- r ; : . . . E b r n : 0 ; b s r : b = i . . . : 0 u T . 4 . ,
    ItrATHHA. a cr,rcreMaKaHoHLIqecKHx ypanueur.lfinpH .nrc6olt qficJle
    rrpoJreroB6yae; npeAcraBJlflTb co6ofi cucreMy rpexqneH-
    Hbrx ypaBHeHHH:

    , a )
    DttXt * DrzXz * Etp: 0;

    Dz,X, * D:zXz * braX, -l- D:p: 0;


    'rt//. ,1777.
    x, * oas& + brnXo* bap: 0;
    D32
    *tt4-.4+6=1-lal-ls-
    6)

    l ro_tX n_1 *6nnxn* b n p: 0,


    tDue. 4-31

    3) Bu6op ocHoeHofi crcreMbr tr JIIIIIIHHXHeH3BecrHbIx. Koropafi peuaercfl npoue u 6ucrPee.


    OcHosHaq cHcreMa AoJrx{Ha 6uru reoMerpHqecKHHeH3-
    ueHneuofi t4 npHBoAHTbK o6paueHnrc Bo3Mo)KHo6o.nn- Arq cHMMerplIqHblxpaM cJle4yer nu6uparr ocHoBHyIo
    c u c r e M y c H M M e r p n u H o f iJ, I H I I J H Hxee H e H 3 B e c r H b Inep H H H -
    uoro KoJrnrrecrBa <no6oquux> nepeueuleuufi (b;p ) B
    Marb raKHe, qro6sr eaHHHqHbreanlopbl no,ryqanHcb cllM-
    Hynb.
    MerpuqHbrMH H n H o S p a r u o c H M M e r p a I { H b I MqHr,o n p H B e . t t e r
    x o 6 p a u t e H u r cB H y J I b P q r a < n o 6 o q H u x > n e p e M e u e u u f t ,n
    r To ecrsHe cBrqroutuxcq Heo6xo.[,HMHMH paBIIoEecHs cucreMbl'
    ,q,ns
    cHcreMa coBMecrno perxaeMblxypaBHeHllft pacnaAercn Ha
    xo neo6xoanMHx .u,ns ee npaBrubuoft pa6otut. ABe CaMOCTOflTeJIbHbIe CHCTeMbI.
    rJTABA'TETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJIbHAfl MEXAHHKA
    - 185
    cocraBnqroul'e ,u,aunofi Harpy3KH. B groM
    cryqae ynpo-
    IIIACTCfl BbI.IHCJIEHHC CEO6OAITHX qJIEHOB, TAK KAK CHM.
    Merpr.rqnafl anropa or Harpy3KH .rr.acTc anopofi
    or o6par_
    H,o cHMMerpHqHofo Heu3Becru,oro nepeMeuresneD
    zq,L 0,
    a o6parHo cHMMerpHqHaqgilropa or Harpy3r(H
    3[IOpaMr.I oT ^cHMMeTpHrl'brx HeH3BeCTHLTX Aacr c
    -nepeueuenun
    itq" tt2r, : 0.
    Kponae Jono, B cJryqae cuuuerprvHo,fi Harpy3KE Her{3_
    'cHMMerpndi;-
    BecrH,oe Xr, HM€roulee o,6parHo ,ntopy,
    6yaer paBr{o HyJrro, e-{HHHr{HbreHeH3BecTHbre 'Xz
    Xr n
    orrropbr, npe.[crarBJrenHbre Ha
    inr{I" Snr. 4_33,d ,i
    +-';J,e, fi cl{cretla ypaBueuurl npunaeT BHA:

    D r rX r * b r z x z * b,o,:0;

    6r, X, * b:zxz {-62q':0. ,

    llpu ,ueficrnNn o6paruo__cnuuerpuuuofi Harpysr<ll cHM-


    M,erpr,tsHbre
    Heu3Becrsue Xr H Xz 6ylyr pannn HyJrro, 14
    HeH3BeCrHOex3 (sur. 4-33,ucl oupqAeir,r{Tcf r{3 ypaBrre-
    c./ HH':

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    TJIABA 'TETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJI'HA'I MEXAH H KA
    189
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    TJIABA T]ETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJI'HAfl MEXAHHKA
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    TJIABA ITETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJIbTIAfl MEXAHHKA
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    I7 podotnrcenue ra6n. 1-3

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    206

    il podonttcenue ra6n. 4-'3

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    II podonweuue rq6n. 4-3
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    TJIABA ITETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJIbHAfl MEXAHHKA
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    If po1oncrcevuera6n. 4-5

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    q.
    0 0,498 0,3999 0 -0,3999 -0, 0e66
    P 0 0,925 0,7295 0 -0,7295 -0, 1216
    I 0 1,237 0,9049 0 -0,9049 - 0,l50g
    o 0 I ,299 0,9315 0 -0,8315 -0,1395
    P 0 0,937 0,4617 0 -0,4617 -0,0770
    E2 0 0 0 t 0 0 0
    & 0 I ,020 0 0,4617 -0,0770 -0,4617
    b 0 l,5Bg 0 0,gg81 -0,1497 -0, g9gl
    c 0 1,767 0 1,0583 -0,1764 -0,0593
    I 0,23087 -0,0127 -0,0460 0,0203 0.0481
    2 0,44906 __0,1391 -0,0527 0,1469 0,0757
    3 0,529 15 -0,1602 -0,0495 0,1683 0,0752
    4 0,41575 0,0139 -0,1482 0,0107 0,1459
    5 0,94545 -0,2654 -0,2950 0,3145 0,3392
    6 I ,00976 -0,3296 -0,3498 0,3869 0,4045
    7 0,45245 0,0420 -0,1244 -0,0212 0,1174
    B 0,94696 0,3007 -0,2709 0,3453 0,3210
    9 I ,14061 -0,3875 -0,3299 0,4425 0,3944
    10 0,36473 0,0479 -0,0771 .-0,0351 0,0691
    11 0,77740 -0,2495 -0,1775 0,2780 0,2189
    t2 0,94160 -0,3284 -0,2196 0,3650 c,2743
    l3 0 ,1 9 9 9 1 0,0307 -0,0351 -0,0249 0.0300
    t4 0,4304E -0,1390 -0,0s36 0,1520 0,1066
    15 0,52302 -0,1951 -0,1044 0,2025 0,1353

    [o6anovuurfi
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    C n y ,r a ii 56. Knanparnafl nJlHra, 3aAeJraHHafl


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    fracqetgue
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    lv lvI
    yv
    xx
    Koop.r,nnaru
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    t 0 1,495 0 0 0 0
    e 0 1,333 0 0 0 0
    d 0 0,721 0 0 0 0
    lI ' el 0 0 0 0 0 0
    o. 0 l,3gg 0,7502 0 -0,7502 -0,1250
    t p 0 I ,553 1,0593 0 -1,0593 -0,1765
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    0 I ,298 0,9798 0 -0,9799 -0, 1633
    I I

    o 0 0,914 0,6566 0 -0,6566 -0,1094


    p 0 0,236 0,2533 0 -0,2533 -0,0422
    e2 0 0 0 0 0 0
    a 0 0,152 0 0,2533 -0,0422 -0, 2533
    b 0 0,503 0 0,5595 -0 ,0931 - 0,5585
    c 0 0,631 0 0,6815 -0,1 136 -0,6815
    I 0,12666 0,0259 0,0750 -0,0394 -0,0793
    2 0,27927 - 0 , 0 9 11 0,1463 0,0667 -0, 1311
    3 0,34075 -0, 12J10 0,1739 0,0940 -0,1533
    4 0,32827 0,0493 -0,0400 -0,041,7 o;0319
    5 0,70487 -0,2262 -0,0966 0,2423 0,1343
    6 0,85528 -0,3008 -0,1122 -0,3210 0,1713
    I

    I 0,48992 0 ,0540 -0,12i9 -0,0337 0,I 129


    8 1,03888 -0,3292 -0,2700 0,3742 0,3249
    -0,4295 -0,3305 '
    I 1,24863 0,4846 0,4020
    10 0,52963 0,0336 -0,1942 -0,0012 0,1gg6
    1l I ,09288 - 0,3446 -0,4018 0,4115 0,4592
    t2 l , 3 ll 5 l -0,4373 -0,4820 0,5177 0, 5549
    l3 0,37512 -0,0002 -0,2206 -0,0370 0.2206
    I4 0,75000 -0,2325 -0,4071 0,3004 0,4459
    15 0,89237 -0,2E47 -0,4732 0,3636 0,5207

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    V,, vvv Mffi i{ uu

    0,220 0 0 0 0
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    0 0 ,1 5 4 0 0 0 0
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    0 -0,049 0 0 0 0
    d
    0 0 0 0 0 0
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    0,2167 0 -0,2167 -0,0361
    0 0,342
    d.
    0,4203 0 -0,4203 -0,0700
    a 0 0,679
    P
    0,5787 0 -0,5787 -0,0964
    0 0 , g B1
    I

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    o 0 1,t52
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    P 0 0,958
    0 0 0 0 0
    e2 0 -0,1965
    0 -0,1965 -0,031I
    TI 0 0,720
    0 0,3872 -0,0645 -0,3972
    b 0 I,115
    0 0,4655 -0,0776 -0,4655
    0 1,246
    v

    0,0158 -0,0493 - 0,0076 0,0467


    I 0,09327 -0,0904
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    2 0,19359
    -0, 1763 -.0,1043 0,1937 0,1337
    3 0,23275 -0,0415
    0,0502 -0,0526 Q,0442
    4 0,13721
    -0,2140 -0,1150 0,2331 o,1506
    D 0,29674
    -0,2E99 -0,1403 0,3133 0,1gg6
    6 0,36117 -0,0590
    0,0625 - 0,0266 0,0162
    7 0,12959
    -0,2070 -0,0633 0,2175 0,0978
    8 0,28495
    -0,2897 -0,0792 0,3029 0,1274
    9 0,34932 -0,0504
    0,0518 -0,0100 0,0014
    l0 0,09340
    -0,1530 -0,0258 0,1572 0,0513
    ll 0,20984
    -0,2181 -0,0329 0,2235 0,0693
    l2 0,25930 --0,001s
    0,0284 0,0291 0,0279
    l3 0,04815
    0,0795 - 0,0080 0,0808 0,0213
    t4 0,10892
    -0,1144 -0,0104 0 ,I 1 6 2 0,0295
    l5 0,13436

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    PacqerHne
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    tv v/
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    t 0 l,154 0 0 0 0
    e 0 1,015 0 0 0 0
    d 0 0,537 0 0 0 0
    E1 0 0 0 0 0 0
    a 0 1,196 0,5509 0 - 0,5509 -0,0918
    p 0 r,251 0,6951 0 -0,6951 -0, I l5g
    I 0 0,999 0,5985 0 -0,5995 -0,0997
    o 0 0,642 0,3964 0 -0,3964 -0,0661
    0 0,242 0,1634 0 -0, 1634 -0,0272
    F t o
    e2 0 0 0 0 0
    a 0 0,034 0 0,0726 -0,0121 -0,4276
    b 0 0,194 0 0,1659 -0,0276 -0. 1659
    c 0 0,254 0 0,2050 -0,0342 -0,2050
    I 0,03630 0,0232 0,0155 -0,0258 -0,0193
    2 0,0s294 -0,0609 0,0323 0,0555 -0,0221
    3 0,10252 -0,0ggl 0,0390 0,0816 -0,0243
    4 0,03809 0,0495 -0,0069 -0,0484 -0,0014
    5 0,19819 -0,1445 -0,0174 0,1474 0,0415
    6 0,24405 -0,2064 -0,0222 0,2101 0,0566
    I 0,13301 0,0675 -0,0235 -0,0636 0,0122
    0,29603 -0,2152 -0,0569 0,2247 0,0928
    8
    I 0,36338 -0,3031 -0,0715 0,3150 0,1221
    l0 0,15446 0,0630 -0,0535 -0,0541 0,0430
    ll 0,33692 -0,2435 -0,1201 0,2635 0,1607
    t2 0,411t6 -0,3341 -0,1476 0,3597 0,2032
    l3 0,12213 -0,0290 -0,0904 - 0,0139 0,0856
    t4 0,25773 -0,1937 -0,1795 0,2135 0,2092
    l5 0,31139 -0,2415 -0,2116 0,2767 0 ,2 51 9

    Jlo6aeo.rHurfi
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    @uz. 4-133

    Pac.rerHue
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    vt* vyy ltlx * Mvv


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    f 0,99308 0 --0,3414 0,0569 0,3319 0


    e 0,72236 0 -0,2376 0,c396 0,2310 0
    d 0,31401 0 0,0943 -0,0157 -0,0917 0
    e1 0 0,515 0,6280 0 -0,6290 -0,1047
    CL 0 0,663 0,6335 0 -0,6335 -0,1056
    0 0,611 0,6262 0 -0,6262 -0,1044
    'rF 0 0,903 0,5664 0 -0,5664 -0,0944
    o 0 0,951 0,4184 0 -0,4184 -0,0697
    t, 0 0,591 0,1907 0 - 0,1907 -0,0319
    e2 0 0 0 0 0 0
    a 0 0,937 0 0,4291 -0,0715 -0,4291
    b 0 1,408 0 0,7912 -0,1318 -0,7912
    c 0 1,547 0 0,9185 -0,1531 -0,9185
    I 0,09535 -0,0149 0,0416 0,0079 -0,0391
    2 0,17583 -0,0522 0,1273 0,0310 -0,1185
    3 0,20412 -0,0566 0,1659 0,0299 -0,1565
    I 0,20918 -0,0102 -0,0996 0,0251 0,0913
    5 0,40820 -0,1252 -0,1393 0,1494 0,1602
    6 0,48199 -0,1476 -0,1514 0,172E 0,1760
    7 0,2g3lg 0,0123 -0,0992 0,0043 0,0972
    8 0,57865 -0,1815 - 0,1844 0,2122 0,2146
    9 0,69259 -0,2279 -0,2135 0,2635 0 , 2 5l 5
    l0 0,31310 0,0410 -0,0591 -0,031I 0,0522
    ll 0,6,6716 -tJ,2129 -0,1224 0,2333 0, I 579
    t2 0,80929 -0,2823 -0,1469 0,3067 0,lg3g
    13 0,31676 -0,0677 -0,0144 0,0653 0,0031
    t4 0,70125 -0,2270 - 0 ,0292 0 , 2 3l g 0,0670
    15 0,85875 -0,3150 -0,0363 0 , 3 2 I1 0,0988

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    1'
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    d 1,07218 0 0,1602 -0,0267 - 0,1553 0
    el 0 3,857 2,1444 0 -2,1444 -0,3574
    a 0 2,046 1,7535 0 -1,7535 -0,2922
    a
    P 0 1,592 1,3487 0 -1,3497 --0,2247
    I 0 I ,079 0,9266 0 - 0,9266 -0,1544
    0 0 0,540 0,5105 0 -0,5105 -0,0E51
    0 0,017 0, 1643 0 -0, 1643 -0,0274
    0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0,209 0 0,3695 -0 ,0616 -0,3695
    0 0,739 0 0,9542 -0,1423 -0,9542
    c 0 0,939 0 1,0525 -0,1754 -1,0525
    1 0,08211 0,0256 0,2048 - 0,0597 -0,2091
    2 0,16993 -0,0636 0,4251 -0,0072 -0,4145
    3 0,233E9 -0,0891 0,5147 0,0023 0,5000
    4 0,25526 0,059 1 0,07E5 -0,0712 -0,0992
    5 0,56859 -0,1954 0,1577 0,1591 -0,1269
    6 0,69654 - 0,2559 0 ,l g B 3 0,2215 -0,1456
    7 . 0,46330 0,0909 0,0067 -0,0920 -0,0219
    8 1,01747 -0,3289 0,0046 0,32.S 0 0,0502
    9 l,242gB -0,4509 0,0023 0,4505 0;0728
    l0 0,67433 0 ,1 1 9 7 -0,0194 -0,lles -0,0005
    1l 1,46940 -0,4722 -0,0592 0,48I9 0 ,1 3 6 9
    t2 1,79024 -0,6437 _-0,0754 0,6562 0,1927
    13 0,87674 0,1400 -0,0157 -0,1337 -0,0077
    l1 1,99347 -0,6061 -0,0313 0,6113 0,1323
    r5 2,30409 -0,8212 -0,0379 0 ,E 2 7 0 0,1749

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    e 0,66213 0 -0,2226 0,0371 0,2164 0
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    e1 0 0,269 0,5263 0 -0,5263 -0,0977
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    a
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    'r 0 1,251 0,9670 0 -0,9670 - 0,1612
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    t' F 0 0,929 0,4643 0 -0,4643 -0,0774
    e2 0 0 0 0 0 0
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    b 0 1,587 0 0,91l7 -0,1519 -0,9117
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    I 0,23215 -0,0085 -0,0398 0,0149 0,0402
    2 0,45583 -0,1406 -0,0346 0,1464 0,0590
    3 0,53890 -0,1661 -0,0255 0,1704 0,0532
    4 0,42554 0,0260 -0,1354 -0,0034 0 , l S ll
    5 0,87705 -0,2763 -0,2638 0,3203 0,3098
    6 1,05226 -0,3504 -0,3104 0,4022 0,3699
    7 0,49350 0,0675 -0, 1021 -0,0505 0,0909
    8 1,03451 - 0,3303 -0,2178 0,3666 0,2729
    I 1,25520 -0,4414 -0,2635 0,4853 0,3371
    l0 0,43934 0,0955 -0,0434 -0,0992 0,0275
    ll 0,97415 -0,3t44 -0,0997 0,3308 0,1511
    12 1,19459 -0,4409 -0,1217 0,4612 0,1951
    l3 0,35181 0,1115 -0,0011 -0,1113 -0,0175
    t4 0 ,B l 5 l 2 -0,2661 0,0060 0,265I 0,0393
    l5 1,01231 -0,3944 0,0095 0,3930 0,0572

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    €1 0 3,500 2,5432 0 -2,5432 -0,4239
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    c 0 0,637 0 0,7593 -0,1265 -0,7593
    I 0,13150 0,0432 0,1054 -0.0609 -0, I 126
    2 0,30620 -0,1012 0,2216 0,0643 -0,2048
    3 0,37966 -0,1469 0,2692 0,1020 -0,2M7
    4 0,36944 0,0972 0,0164 -0,0999 -0,0325
    5 0,83404 -0,2711 0,0366 0,2650 0,0086
    6 1,02956 -0,3690 0,0446 0,3816 0,0203
    I 0,62174 0,1550 -0,0179 -0,1520 -0,0079
    8 I ,39845 -0,4531 -0,0409 0,4600 0,1l&
    9 1,72202 - 0 , 6 4 7r -0,0510 0,6556 0,1588
    10 0,85710 0,2077 -0,0226 -0,2040 -0,0120
    ll 1, 9 2 1 9 3 -0,9222 -0,0597 0,6320 0,1624
    T2 2,36453 -0,8852 -0,0744 0,9976 0,2219
    l3 1,06983 0,2471 -0,0109 -0,2453 -0,0302
    r4 2,38675 -0,7710 -0,0172 0,7739 0,1457
    l5 2,93265 -1,0918 - 0,0199 1;0e51 0 ,2 0 1 8

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    o -0,4193 -o:o6es
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    8 -0,0710
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    -0,2346 -0,0143 0,2370
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    13 0,06159 0,0480 0,0055
    o,14452 -0,1062 0 , 0 15 7 0.1036 0.0019
    l4 o;0064
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    f 0,74970 0 -0,6391 0,1065 0,6214 0


    e 0,60767 0 -0,4442 0,0740 0,4319 0
    d 0,26824 0 0,1602 -0,0267 -0,1557 0
    €l 0 2,135 I ,207| 0 -l ,207| -0,2012
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    0 0 0,624 0,3952 0 .-0,3952 -0,0659
    p 0. 0,235 0,1604 0 -0,1604 -0,0267
    E2 0 0 0 0 0 0
    a, 0 0,031 0 0,0713 -0,0119
    b 0 0 ,1 8 9 0 0,1639 -0,0273
    c 0 0,247 0 0,2030
    I 0,03565 0.0240 / - 0,0165
    2 0,08197 -0,0602 0,0359
    3 0,10152 -0,0990 0,0437
    4 0,09793 0,0542 -0,0012
    D 0,19973 -0,1459 -0,0019 0,0262
    6 0,24679 -0,2117 -0,0022 0,0374
    7 0,13994 0,0953 -0,0045 - 0,0097
    8 0,31559 -0,2305 -0,0106 0,2323 0,0490
    I 0,38998 -0,3343 _0,0132 0,3365 0,0690
    l0 0,lg53l _0,0044 -0,1122 -0,0144
    ll 0,42093 _0,0118 0,3093 0,0630
    12 0,51974 _0,0150 0,4477 0,0992
    l3 0,22732 = _0,001I -0,1341 -0,0213
    t4 0,51432 _0,0001 0,3752 0,0i27
    15 0,63456 -0,0003 0,5410 0,0ggg

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    BEJlHqHIIbI

    I 0 0,409 0 0 0 0
    2 0 0,351 0 0 0 0
    3 0 0,lgg 0 0 0 0
    4 0 -0,019 0 0 0 0
    5 0 -0,123 0 0 0 0
    6 0 0,027 0,1279 -0,1279 -0,1066 0,1066
    7 0 0,300 0,1949 -0, 1g4g -0,1540 0,1540
    8 0 0,590 0 , 1 5 9 5t -0, 1595 -0,1321 0,1321
    9 0 0,966 0,0594 -0,0594 _0,0495 0,0495
    10 0 0,953 -0,0924 0,0924 0,06E6 -0,0696
    ll 0 0,977 -0,2119 0 , 2 11 9 0,1766 -0,1766
    t2 0 0,478 -0,2364 0,2364 0,1970 -0,1970
    13 0 -0 227 0 0 0 0
    t4 0,40440 -0,1107 -0,1521 0,1361 0,1705
    l5 0,29368 -0,0551 -0,1510 0,0902 0,1602
    16 0,12790 0,0379 -0,1452 -0,0137 0,l3gg
    T7 0,92617 -0,2364 _0,2557 0,2790 0,2951
    IB 0,60796 -0,1770 -0,2513 0,2lgg 0,2808
    19 0,31273 -0,c175 -0,2329 0,0563 0,2353
    20 0,79707 -0,3259 -0 ,2718 0,3712 0,3261
    2I 0,47120 -0,1453 -0,2405 0,1E54 0,2648
    22 0,75283 -0,4M4 -0,lgg0 0,4776 0,2730
    23 0,53064 -0,3094 -0, 1679 0,3364 0,2193
    24 0,44827 -0,4493 -0,0327 0,4537 0,1074
    25 0,23639 -0,4729 0,1249 0,4519 -0,0461

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    6 0 0,460 0,3643 -0,3643 -0,3036 0,3036
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    22 l,2l5g2 -0,6906 - 0,1760 0,7100 0,2u95
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    l4 0,19923 -0,0690 - 0,0925 : 0,0844 0,1040
    l5 0,13020 -0,0185 -0,0940 0,0324 0 , 0 8 7I
    l6 0,04271 0,0449 -0,0549 -0,0356 0,0473
    t7 0,34902 -0,0499 -0,1456 0,1732 0,1705
    18 0,27456 - 0 , 0 9 9I -0,1343 0,1114 0,l49l
    19 0 ,1 l 1 0 4 0,0525 -0,0947 -0,0394 0, 0759
    20 0,35235 -0,lg1g -0,1294 0,2034 0,1597'
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    t4 0,60141 -0,1765 -0,4797 0,2563 0,5091
    l5 0,42499 -0,0797 -0,4159 0,1480 0,4299
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    T7 0,gg3l4 -0,3339 -0;4814 0,4142 0,5372
    l8 0,71617 -0,2298 -0,4250 0,2996 0,4631
    l9 0,32037 0,0754 -0,2390 ,-0,0356 0,2264
    20 0,72033 -0,3541 -0,2204 0,3909 0,2794
    2l 0,36621 -0,0121 -0,0929 0,0259 0,0949
    22 0,47637 -0,3567 0,0266 0,3522 0,0329
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    2,01 0,249 0,252 0,214 0,198 0,082
    l_.o,r-"ro
    i
    4,01 0,292 0,295 o ,223 i 0,084 - o,sroo
    |
    1,0/ +0,0050

    2,01 1198

    7 ----..n- |
    4,01 -o,o8oit -0, tzso + 0 ,o t u o
    | |
    yxHoxo€afit npnBeaeHlrbrx3lrr_
    flpu rreq!sn€. P€aKrnsHHe traBn€HHc,cootsetcrayloqxe QaxrHqecxni{ ssaqex{qx g! noryqasacl ntte{
    lqes,.fl lni er{ [qs'x nprrpysor( Ha g. gnlop' peaxrtBtrux .laBrefist riMelqr i t6 osr' 4-14a' 4-14s'
    "pfi4il'il:tld'ili;1ii,
    PA?IIE:I NEPBhIE. OEAHf,
    248
    TaSaw4a 4-6
    I(paenue opAHHarbI 3[Iop peaIffHBHbIx nanprxenuft B
    efiC'regTeJunoiru He ruoryi uMeTb 6ecKo,HetlHo 6OauruUe
    (xar ero noKa3aHo Ha OHr. 4-145-7a-149) Op4unaru enrop 4.nn 6ecroHeqno 4aunnofr 6alxn Ha
    ;";;u";"
    ynpyrof, trolynnocKocrrr, HarpyxeHnof, eAxnHrrHbrM
    H3-sa rrJracrgqecKl{x 4eQopruaqHfi. flpe4e.nunble sHaqeg'uq
    Hx c yqerroM nnactsqeoku-x Ae4.oFMaIIufi Moryl 6urr orn- cocpeAoroqeHHbtMrpy3oM
    pe4eJlerlbl SaBI{CHMOCTbIO: (C.nyvafi nJlocKoro Hanpflx(euHoro cocronnax)

    Paccrossue
    po:t".l+# e"tEe+ OT TOqKH
    IIpilnoil(eHHg
    MoueHru
    M
    flonepeu-
    HHC CHJIbI
    Ocaaxu
    v
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    /l*sinq
    e
    ', ,u,_,) (4-44)
    *c ctge\---
    0 +0,306 +0,499 -0,5c0 I,840
    0,5 +0,269 1.0,275 -0,355 1,789
    I +0,210 - p 0 , 1 2 9 -0,235 1,669
    2 +0. 105 - 0, 020 - 0 , 0 9 1 1,356
    Po: AI Ho+ Bc, (4-45 3 -0, c6l -0,01I 1,059
    +0,041
    4 +0,0l0 - 0.057 + 0 , 0 1 3 0,822
    5 - 0,002 -0,042 - ; 0 , 0 1 6 0,646
    rne I - yr0n BIIyTpeIIHeno rpeHHfl rpyHTa ocIIoBaIIst; -0.004 -0,027 + 0 , 0 1 3
    6 0,515
    c - uosQSI{uHeHT cueflneH,Hfl; -0,004 -0,017 + 0 . 0 0 8 0,416
    7
    1 - o6rcusufi Bec rPYHra; 8 -0.003 - 0 , 0 1 0 +0,005 0,337
    Ho - 3arJIy6JIeIIHe Syuaaueura (,nueura n 3acIJIIKa
    9 -0,002 -0,006 + 0,c03 0,273
    npnrpysxu). t0 -0,001 - 0,004 + 0,c02 0,219
    HacHHas m xpafi,uqx flpeAeJbHblx opnHHaT, snnpa pe-
    aKIlHfi AOJTX(Ha 6Urr JIH'HHgMH, CO-
    Cpe3aHa HaKJr'O,HHLilMH
    I
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    Eallpflxegnfl. npgqeM OpAlIHaTa B Toq'
    -cepeanHeHaKJIOHHbIX Jrl4Hl4Lr Eobo
    Ke HX nepeceqeHHfl (n 6arKH) paaual:

    *-t) Ao6 aeoqHbIfi MHoxI,rreflb


    po*2-ttlZZOtg Dtt. (4-46)
    flpr.rueqaHng. 1. 3nrcpu p,M m y c u M M e r p n v n u ,a n r c p a Q -
    A, B n D cnea.yrcrule.
    3nacesns xoa$Sraqr.reuToB o6paruo cuMMerpuqHa.
    2. B c;ryvae n"nocxofi ae$opuarlr,rn cner]"er B MHor'I(HTeJrfix Bl\{ecro
    -, ' l-.u'e F0 -
    Vuu uuyrpeHnero rPeHnr g" Eo (uo.ay;It a,eQopuaqulr ocuooaHua) nocraBurb
    KoaQ-
    SHqu- 1 _ F 0
    EHTbI loo I tu" 20" | ,u" 300
    xoeQQuquen. nyr".ona ocHoBaHHs, a BMecro E, (uo,ulau yrpyrocrlt
    =1-
    ,*f ;,;t u,no un,n Marepuana 6a.rrxu) noar""n""- | rite Fl - roe$Qnunenr flyaccona'

    I l,o,urlt*,toltt,tol 1_*i

    s,zs
    lr+,sa
    30, ,ol7 5 , 4
    46,
    MarepHana 6a;lr<u.
    2. Ocaaru y Moryr orcquTblBarbcc or .rtto6oro ycnoBHoro ropu3oHra
    3. Op.u.lruarH anlop or e.u.HHuqHoro fpy3a sBJlllorcs opruHaraMn nH-
    lrr,oo suft nausHttg.

    4,46 9,87 42,39 9 0 , 208,'ul


    527,72 Ans npfi6.nnx(enHoro pelreHun 6ecxoneqno ,4nI{HHofi
    6anxu or AeficrBHff cocpeAororleHHofi ct'tJIH enlopy peaK-
    THBHOTOAABJIEHI,I'IIIPH6JIHXCHHOMOx<IHONPCTCTABHTb B
    BLIAerpeyrorlbHuKa (Qur. 4-154) c ocHoBaHHeM
    3 f (t-,zt
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    cpesauuoft npoH3BoAriTcrr IIponoprlHoHaJIbH,O -OpAHIIaraM (1-p?)Eobo
    n'epsouauanlubfi errropbr peaKrHBHbIx AaBneHHfi c co6.np-
    A e H H e M I I p H s T o M } C J I o B I 4 r f p a B H o B e c H f t s H e l x . H H X C HHJ IcHopAunarofi noA rPYsoM
    MOMEHTOB.

    4') Pacqer 6ecroHeqso AnnnHbtx 6a.nor. Op.u,llnaru enlop


    peaxuufi ocHoBaHHfi,MoMeHToB,nonepeqHblx cl{JI H oca-
    PVffi
    po:0,31 E o b o.
    w (4-18)

    ,uox 6ecroneqHo A.ltsHHofi6aaxu sa ynpyroft no.nyn.locKo-


    cru, Harpyxeuuofi eAHHI{qHbtMcocpeAoroqeHHblMrpy3oM.
    ltpu srloM MaKcLIMaJIrgufi MoMeIIT rIoA rpy3oil paBeH:
    MolKHo onpeAeJruTbno ra6.n. 4-6.

    r M . B . M a l u r u e n, Teopern{ecxre H 3Kc[ep[MeHTarbHble Mmax:0,49P (4-4e)


    HccneaoBaHnanecyuteft cnoco6nocrH necqaHoro ocHoaauug' H3.r.aHHe f
    BHH14 Boareo' 1953.
    TJIABA']ETBEPTATI. CTPOHTEJI6HAfl HEXAHHKA
    249

    <Due.4-154
    'L
    T'
    O_opuy-au (4-47) - (4-49) aasn Nrn crJrqan nJro- <Due.4-156
    oxofi 4eQopuaqun. Ans n;iocKoro Harrp,sxeHHorococroff-
    HEff B ,npnBe.qeHuux
    $oprr,ty.rrax

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    r
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    .
    i t
    r_Fo
    2 -
    a IIepeM€IIleHHe, BbI3BaHHOeyrJIoM IIOBOpOTa,paBHO-An?e,
    (Qur. 4-159).
    Cyurrrapnaa snrcpa peaK[,nfi or cr{creMu cuJr Pi Vparueuue, Bblpaxarculee ycroa[e, rrro cyMMapgoe lre-
    nonyqllrcf, rpaoHqecKEM cJroxeHHeM TpeyronbEl{KoB, KaK pe,MeuleHHe rro Han.paBrreHutoxp paBHo HyJuo, 6yaer
    {roKasaHoua Sun. 4-155. H.METb EIIA:
    5) Pacser 6a.nor roneqnofi x(ecrxocru na ynpyrofi no-
    rynnocJ(ocrn MeroAoM npo{. 6. H. XerrroqKnHa. Balxa Xttp, * XzDrz*XrbE,+ ... - lct*ango*Arp:0. (4-50)
    Ha ynpyroM ocHoBaHHn3aMeHffercrrcraTr.IqecKHHeonpe.(e-
    nuMofi cncreMofi, rAe KoHTarr 6aaru c ocHoBaHHeMocy- 3,qecr bEt, __Dftr,bfta,...., -nepeMerrleHHff IIo Ha[paB-
    uI€cTBnfleTCs npH noMorrlE oT4eJrbHbrxonopnbrx cTepxHefi JIefiHro cr{JrbrX p ot Aeficreus eAHHHqHbrxcHJr, .trpurox<en-
    (Snr. 4-156), pacnoJroxeHHbrx Ha oAHHaKoBbrxpaocroq- HbIx B ToqKax I, 2, 3, ...;
    EHflx c Apyr or Apyra. OcHosHafl cHcreMa npeAcraBJrser Lhp nepeMerqeHue ilo Ha,npaBJreJrnrc X p or Brrerurefi sa-
    co6ofi KoncoJrbHyro 6a.rrrcy c yuronuofi saaeJKofi Ha oA- rpysKr.r (up,oru6 xoHcoau).
    HoM I{3 KoHqoB ee (QHr. 4-157\ r{rru B rro6oM npoMexy- Kpoue roro, cocraBnflrorcfl errle ABa ypaBHesng paBno-
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    flol'o cTepxHfl cqHTaeTcfl paBHoM€pHo pacflpe.[€JreHHbrMHa KanbHylo ocb paBHa Hy.rrrc, BTopoe- cyMMa MoMeHToB
    IUI{pHHe c (cryneuuaraa snlopa). HeussecrnbrMx rBJrrrror- B,cex cI,IJr,orHocHT€JrbHoHaqa.nrnofi ToqKr ($uxrunnofi sa-
    cff ycuJrr.tflB 3TI{X CTepX(HfiX,paBHbre,IrO BeJrl,rqfiIreIrJrOUla- ,u,e.nxu)rpsBHd HyJIIo.
    AflM orAeJlbHbrx clyneu'efi grrropbr .[asregr4fi Ha rrpyHT. a) KanonuqecKue ApasHeHun AJrs cxeMLr, npuneAessofi
    Kporrae ]cHJI;Hfi rB crepxuqx, E€agBecrHbrMH fl,BJrflrorcfl na $,nr. 4-157 HMeror tsHA:
    ocaAKa (go') u yrorr r,oBopora (go) $ar,xaHofi sa.qeJrrin
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    KauognsecKne ypaBHeHEfi cocraBJlflrcT, r{cxoAfl ,H3 ycJro-
    oufi, vro cyMMapHbren€peMerqeHuflrro Hanpa,Bneuun Ka)K- Xt brr * Xzbr, * Xr Dru* Xnbrn- lo- azgo* Aro : 0;
    Aoio pa3pe3aHnoro crepxus (cu. $ur. 4-157) paB,Hb{ x, Du,* xzsez* x. br,* x+br.- lo - azgo* Arp: 0;
    HyJrro.
    Xt b*, * XzDrs* Xr bnr * X+b44- !o- a+go * A,no: 0;
    3ru nepeMeulerraff 3aBncsr ot ,ueficrsut Bcex cnn X, or
    ocaAKII Ao (npuuena noJroxl{TenbHoMy go cooreercrByror -xr-xz -x3 -x4 +\P:0;
    nepeMerueHr.rflflporne Aeficrsrrfl ctrJt X), or yrla nonopord -
    go (no.rroxnrennuufi yroa rroBopora Bbr3brBaer rrepeMe- XLat-Xzas- Xsas- X+a+ f X M:0.
    trteHHfl npornB .ueficrsns cra;r X) fi, [ra,KoHe[, ffi ,uefrcreus
    sserunefi Harpy3KH- 6) BotrtucneHuenepeueuqeuuil.flepeuemeuRe B l(aKofi-.
    nu6o roqxe K (uo uanpaBrtegnlocH.nnrXp ) or Aeficrsn*
    cuau, npanoxeHuofi s touxe .I, T. e. b&t, co-
    eAHHtIrrHofi

    Cgnnapuan

    cDue.4-157
    Que, 4-155
    PASllEJr nEPBbrfr. OEAAil
    250

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    @ue.4-158

    cIoI4T t13 n€peMerqeHl{fl orf oca4KH ocHoBaHHg gfri H H 3


    nporn6a 6at x n a u. ( Q n ,r.a -1 5 8 );
    4=t4,65
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    paBeHcrBa(4-51)
    nocJreyMuo)KeHr.rff
    J.IJTH ua nEn: Po=10,895

    m:F'ni*aahi, (4-52)
    @ue. 4-160
    n E6c3
    (4 -53)
    6EJ

    3saqeuus QyHr<qun -Fp; 3aBvcrr ,or paccronuurl Mex{Ay Ta6nu4a 1-7


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    ra6n. 4-7. E4aHuuHsre
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    oo ut
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    c c
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    -4-157 -:-4- iSB.
    cso6oAHgre qJreHbr ypaeHeirrari L hi, ilpeAcTaBJrsroulHe
    nporu6rt 6attru'or BH,errlHefiuarpysKll, Mofyr, KaK Lr ,-uhi,
    {Iaxo,AHTbcfl IIo ra6.n. 4-8, ecJrr.rBiIeilrHHe ctIJIbI npI]JIo)Ke-
    rrbtrB Mecrax onopr{brx crepx{Hefi; ra6.nravHhreAaHHbre cfle-
    AyeT npl,r SToM yMHOXHTb Ha e H Ha BeJILIqUHynseUUeit
    sarpysKH.
    Ec.nn BrrelrlHr,recHJrbI He coBnalalor c onopHbIMH crepx-
    HffMH, CJIeAyer Ka)KAyIO Cr,rJIypa3JIOXHTb Ha ABe B MeC-
    'Tax onopHbrx crepxueft. I-IprueqaHus. 1 . B r a 6 l u q e r r p l , r n f f r b ro 6 o s H a q e H n s :
    # - paccrolHue or rotl rovKu, ue onpe.de,{qercg oca.u.Ka, .[.o ror{Ku, rr.e
    Burue paccMorpeH c.rryuafi nJIocKoro Hanpff- npunox<eHa Hanpysr(a (nepuee, .u.o cepe.rr,HHbryqacrxa .u,ausoft c, B npeile-
    r(eHHoro cocroflHr{ff-IIpn naocrofi AeQop- JIax Koroporo Halpy3Ka npeAnoJ'IaraeTcfl pa6HOmepHo pacnpe,u.erleHnofi);
    '{ a q lr tl o6utuft noptroK pactlera ocraercq ror xe. B c - ,rr,Jlr,rHbt
    yqacrKoB, Ha Koropbre pas6neaerca 6aara Ars pacr{era.
    2. llpu cocraBJreHHH ta6.luqu Harpy3xa npHHcra pauHoft e.rr,HHurreH
    -:Totrl c.Ir}rqae Heo6xoAHuo Bblpe3arb H3 6anxu (ruupuna paBHoMepHo pacnpe.u,enenuoir na yqacrKe .l..nuHofi c.
    roropofi 3HaqLITerbHo npeBblllraer A"rrrauy) u H3 yllpyroro 3. I,lcrnunaff BeJrHqHHa oca.u.Ku .u.[q nonynnocKocrl{ He r\roxer 6urrl
    uafrIesa, no3roMy onpe.u.enrrercrr roJrbKo pagHocrb oca,u,oK n AasHoft
    ocHoBarrHfl rloJrocy rrrHpHHofi B eAHHuqy. Koaoouql{eHrbl Tor{Ke r.r B ToqKe, .u,ocraroqHo .u,anero pacnor'roxeHHofi (ua paccrorHnu d).
    ypanHenr.rfi Mox{Ho I{axoA[ITb, KaK v paHbIIIe, no ta6.rl. 3ta paaHocrb paBHa:
    4-7 u 4-8. OAuaro rosSQlt'tlneHr d 3.r,ecbpaBeH:
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    ------ -,8"
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    -( IrL0

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    cDue.4-159 c : 2 r " * + 2 + z l nz .
    TJIABA ITETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJIbHAfl MEXAHHKA
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    c\ o) @ o o) d q L A @
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    256

    ftrt: (4-60)
    lFut' krc6'uu: ft,
    +*
    r A e ' P - R o J r H a s H a r p y s K a Ha ultaMn; O6osHa,rnu:
    .Fu, - ero nnouraAb;
    g - oca\Ka.
    6ni:kt cipi i o' : h, (4-6a,
    Han6.o"nee fipocrbr€ rr yro6nbre MeTo.qbr'pacq,era,-ocHo-
    Ba'H,HbIe Ha rHIIOTe3eKO3ooHUI.IeHTa,[OCTeJI,H, CJreIyrcUHe:
    Tor.qa ?'ki:a'luiel
    l) MeroA rraqaJrbgbrxnapaMerpoBt (cr'r. B. A. Knce.nen,
    Ea.nxs H paMbr Ha ynpyroM ocuoBatnyr,, 1936 r.); (4-63)
    2) MeroA n. JI. flacrepuaxa (cvr. B. B. Kpeqrr,rep,Pac-
    i'kk :
    ! kk a a'app,
    qeT U IIpO€KTIip'oBaHHe'IIJISOKHX Xe;,eso'6gfo'H,HblxQyHAa-
    MeHroB, 1937 r.); hl
    3) MeroA E. H. )(euouxnna, KoporKo uefiaraeMHfi fAe !hk:
    HI,I)KC. Rn
    fl,pta npocrorl Harpy3K,e ra flocroqH,Hofi x{ec'nKocru 6an- Ans paccM arp'H,BaeM'oro Ilpllrlepa:
    KH Haa6o.nee flpocroe perxeHue Aaer MeroA Haqa"'IbHbIX k, k,
    xlEparMerp'orB, nprd nepeMeHHofi xecrxocTlr-MeToA flacrep- : .
    Ilr: j Z Z : } ' sl o: ro - - - - - - i - : l; )'U:!r;:
    ,HaKa, a npn nepeMeHHofixecrnocru, 'cJr,o)KHbrx Harpy3Kax kL k2

    u npu neDeMeHHoMro,e$@aqrenro nocreJll{ Mo}KHo pac- Ceo6o.l.HbIe qJIeHbI. flporu6 6anwn orr BHeIU-
    cql{Tarb 6a.n,ny ToJrbKo MeroAoM E. H. Xertr,oqKr4$a. uefi Harpy3Kli onpe.r,e-[sercn KaK o6sItIHo, [I8'rlp'I41ygp, ot
    Pacqer 6a.nor Ha yflpyroM ocHoBannrr no rnnoreae cocpeaorouenilofi cfirb'I P:
    xoeQ$uqnenra nocreJru MeroAoM E. H. Xemoqxnsa.
    Cyunocrn MeroAa H3Jraraercfl npnMenure.nduo K pacrrer-
    Lnp:-k{P-ffirukp
    - '3 (t-n?) -Pa'wpo- ( 4- 64)
    Hofi cucreMe, npHBeAeHHofiua $nr. 4-160, A"rrsocHonaHufi,
    npeAcraBJrffroulux ynpyrufi c.nofi.
    flpenrr,ryulecrBo gTonro MeroAa tr,o cp,?,B,rr€Huro
    ,c ApyniM,H Cso6olHrte TIJIeHbI -,rIePeM€IqeHI'In ocuoBaHHr or nPIa-
    SaKIIOqaeTcfl B ToM, qTO I{IvI MOX{HO yqeCTb HeOAHopoI- rpy3oK patsHbl HyJIlo 'BBI'IAynpHHflTHs ruiloretsbl roa$$'H-
    H,OCTb OCIIOBaHHg Ha pa3IEqHbIX yqaCTKaX fi,O l.llU,Ue 6a.n- rrHeHTa n,ocreJII,I.Bnrquc.n'enHueraxsM Tlyreill 6pi u Lpp
    Kff, r{TO AOBOIbHO qaCTO BCTperIaeTCfi Ha npaKTHKe. BCe }Ke Mo,fyT H,MeTbMaJIbre a6coanrubre 3Haqe'HI{f H He-
    .[onycruu, tITo rJrn paacM,arpkBaeMofi cxeMbt l4Mee[t yAo6Hbr ana peruenirfl ypaBHeuufi. or sroro HeyAo6cTtsa
    cHMMeTpHrlrHyrooTHocHTe,rrbHoocH 6anxu fieoAHopoAHocTb l,fOxrnO Us6anllrrcs, ec-[I{ ,BCe ipi n Lpp OATHOBpeMeHHo
    ocrIIoBaHHfl,a r{MeHH,o:Ha yqacTKax orropHbrx crepxuefi yMHOXT{TbHA OAHO Lr rO X(e qficJIO, HanpHMep' Ha 10'
    Xu Xz H Xs - Ko0ooHIIHeHr uocrenu ft', a Ha ]rqacrKax ot eroro xp He H3MeHI{TCS,a yBeJII'IqI'ITCffBo cmnbKo
    X+ v Xs-kr. tI(O pa3 TO"IIbKO /s, 9TO He HMeeT 3HaqeHHfi 'I'JIfl paSOMaT-
    KaH'ottu'recKne ypaBuerruf, LIMenT Tgr )K,e BHA, ero 6u- pneaevofi 3aAaqn.
    JIO B npr.rMepenpHMeHHTenbHoK MeToAy TeopHr.ryilpyro- O pacuere 6aror Ha ynpyroM cfloe. Ea.nrz, pacnoJlo-
    crH. H3MeHgrorcfl.rrHrrrbenaveuunDp; lr Lpi. )KeHHbIerHa yilpyno:'{ cJIo,€, ilorcrH;'IdeMoM cKaJIbHbIM oc-
    K o e S Q s u H e H r n D B ;n b p t HoBaHr{er{, c .uo,nycruuolt nparruuecro,fi ToqH'ocrbro Mox<'
    cyrvruapubre,nepeM,errIeHHE: EO TaK)r(e peuarb MeroIpM TeopHH yrlpyrocrl{ KarK 6aJIIry,.
    p,aorroJro')KelrHylo Ha ynpynoft noJI]'nJIocKocrt{ 6esrpanuu-
    uofi r.ty6r.IHbl, ecJIH ToJIFTHHacJIofl 6ontrue AJIHI{bI 6anrn
    (4-61) (r.r.rrnlrupunrr $yn.u,aMeHra npu rrJlocxofi ne$oprvrauuu).
    Ec.iru xe roJrIqI4Ha )rfltpyroro cJIoff ,tvteHrtue,rI,oJIY.u,JIr'IHbI
    6anKu, To QyuAalteHr Mox(Ho paccqxTblBarb, KaK cKa3a-
    TaK KaK no rulore3e xoaQQuqHeHTa nooreJln Upi:O.
    HO BbIIIIe, MerOAaMH, OCHOBaHHbIMH IIa rH[oTe3e xoeQ-
    Eclu HIIT'eHcr.IEHocrbllarrDflx<erlrs or elufi,usHofi cHJIbI
    Ququeura nocreJrr{.
    l , l Kpoere roro, MoxHo noJrb3oBarbcff MeroAoM Teopur.r yn-
    p: -:, TO n'epeMeilleHHeocHrotBSHl{e ! hk: ,
    c - c R ^^ n pyrocrr.r no 6. H. XeuoqxuHy, Hc[oJrb3oBaBAJrrr onpeAe-
    rAe c - paccTosHr{e Me}KAy onopIIbIMH cTep)I(HffMLI. .IeHqs lepeMeqeHruri noBepxuocrr{ ynpyrofo cJroff pa6ory
    flporn6 6atxu or e,(H'Harrttofic,luu octaercq 6ea H3rMe- O. fl. Illexrep (cr'r.fraaporexrurrecKoecrpor{rerncrso Ne 10,
    HerII,Ifi,no E. H. Xer*l,o'qKuny: 1937r.).
    lr 2\ 3
    It-Pr)c
    uk i : - ,n ,, 2. ll.nuru Ha ynpyroM ocHoBaHHH
    6Ej-
    TnerJ)hi- onpeAeJrflrorcfl
    ,no ra6l, 4-8. Huxre AaroTcs yKa3aHHr rro pacqery nprrMoyroJrbubrx
    VMnoxtts Bbrpa)KeHns(4-61) ua kfi v rIoAcraBI{B rrJrr{T Ha ynpyroM ocHoBaHr.rH npu6.nHxeHHbrM MeroAoM
    coorBercrBylolrlHe 3HarIeHHt, noJryqaeM:
    npo+. 6. H. Xeuoqruua. Eonee roqrroe peuleHue n.IILIT
    Aaercs M. VI. fop6yuonun-llocaAoBbrM l2l, Ho BBHAy
    . (t-pll ,n qrloxHo,cTH\IeToAa, oH 3Aecb He npIIBo,aHTcg.
    krc6'ur:k,Lff rut;
    a) Pacraerulur no ileroAA
    I Mero.u. HaqaJrbHbrx napar.lerpoe 6u;t npeilno)KeH B pa3Hoe BPeNra npob. E. H. )Ke.iloqrcuua
    H. H. l-Iysurpencxulr (Pacvern Sya,tar*reuroe, flerporpal, 1923 r.), D. H.
    )Ker'loqxunuv (Pacvet oae)r(.u orKocoB, !Is,r.. MI4l4T, i928 r.), F. n.. flpu pacvere IIJIIIT Ha ynp)rroM ocHoBaHHHo6lquft nopa-
    -[,yronuu (O pacvere 6aaru Ha ynpyror'r ocHoBaHHH,Ctpofiras.lar' 1929 r.) p'eIIIeHHfl 3a,AaqH ocTaeTcfl TOT x(e, qTo I'I UpI'I paC-
    u A. H. Kpsrloeurvr (O pacuere 6a"rox sa ynpyroM ocHoBaHHH, H3.ll. Ao'I(
    Axarevun Havx. 1931 r'.). qere. 6a.nox.
    PA3,qEil nEPBbrn. OEAHn
    256
    Ta1nuqa 4-10
    EAuHuunbre ocaAxH,qJlflyrrpyrorc nonyflpocrpancrBa.
    Harpysra no nJIoulaAHKpyra (4.nn pacuera nJIHr u 6alox
    JroMaHono oqepraHnq n n.raHe)

    x .r x
    F*i Fpr Fhi Fki
    i " ! o c c c

    Quxmuhnoe cmepilrnu
    0 3,545 . 1 , 6 0,635 2,8 0,359 4,0 0,251
    0 , 5 2,692 1 , 7 0 , I9 7 2,9 0,346 4,1 0,244
    0,6 1,994 1 , 8 0,563 3,0 0,335 4,2 0,239
    0 , 7 I ,569 1 , 9 0,532 3,1 0,324 4,3 0,233
    0,8 1,348 2 , 0 0,505 3,2 0,314 4,4 0,229
    .bue. t1-163 0,9 1,176 2 , 1 0,481 3,3 0,304 4,5 0,223
    l , o 1,045 2 , 2 0,458 3,4 0,295 4,6 0,218
    1 , 1 0,942 2 , 3 0,438 3,5 0,287 4,7 0,213
    fl.nura BaMeHflercr PflAoM 1 , 2 0,859 2 , 4 0,420 3,6 0,279 4,8 0,209
    flepeKpeql{Barcur[xcfl 6anox 1 , 3 0,789 2 , 5 0,403 3,7 0,271 4,9 0,204
    ($nr.-4-163, a, 6, e). flPu l 1 4 0,730 2 1 6 0,387 3,8 0,264 5r0 0,200
    IIPHMeHeHI{H sTOrO ilpl{eMa 1 , 5 0,679 2 , 7 0,372 3,9 0,257 ,[,aaeeF:L
    He yqHTbIBaIOTCtl KpyTsuIHe
    MoMeHTbI B [JI]ITe. Cgges
    Me)KAy 6anwauu rpeAnoJla-
    fl p n r'ae q a trn g. 1. B ra6.nnqe npl{Hflrbl o6ognaqeHuq:
    raercfl ToJIbKO B MeCTaX ne- .r - peccroflHHe or tofi rouxtt, r!.e o[pe.neJlflercs ocarKa' ro roqKt'l' rAe
    peceqeHuff LIX ocefi, rAe IIo- npn.roxeHa Harpy3xa (aepnee, .iLo ueHTpa Kpyra, no rtnoula,4u Koro-
    poro pacnpe.leJleHa HarPYsra);
    MeulaloTct onopHble cTepx(- c -- iroponu r-oanparoa (ua roropue pas6neaercl rl.rlnra ann pacvera)
    @uz. 4-164
    HH (Snrtunnue crepxnu). paBHoBenHKIrx KpyraM. Ec.nu nluta pasbnnaercq Ha npsMoyronb-
    C.neayer cqllTarb, tITo o6e ., [Huru, To c- cropoHa KBarparoB, paBHoBenHKI'tx nplMoyronbHuKaM
    u rpyrau).
    €I{creMbI 6anox HMeIor ceou onopuble crep)KHI{ (cna. $nr. Z. nfi cociasJreHun ta6;Iuuu Harpysxa npuHlra paonoft ei.HHHue rl
    4-163,4), T. e. B cepeAune KaxAoro KBaApara (unx npx- paBHoMepHo pacnpe.il.enennofi no nnoura.u,rl Kpyra.
    xoyro.nunxa) 6yayr ABa onopHblx crep)I(Hff. 3. HcttlsHag BeJlHr{HHa oca.ILKH
    no ta6.n. 4-10. , _ tr.r
    Oca.qrul oonoea,Hlas (F d orIIpQAeJIflIorcfl
    flpu cocraBJI€,ItHI,I ra6.nnunt flpuuflTo, qro HarpySKa I ni : ----- F hi,
    7t EoC
    pacnpeAeJlfleTcfl He IIo flJIoulaAflM rIpflMoyroJIbHI'IKOB,a nO
    r.ue Eo - Morynb leQopuaunH .n.Ilfl ocHoBaHHs;
    lnouaAsM paBHoBeJiI{KHxKpyroB. ps - roaQ$rqlleHr llyaccoHa .r.nfl ocHoBaunc'
    llpsMoytoJIbHbIe IIJILITbt Ha ynpyroM ocuoBa-
    ,rrHI{ xapaKTepl{SyloTcq noKa3aTeneM x(ecTKocTH: Vpaancnne, Bhlpaxaloulee ycJIoBHe, qro cyMMapHoe
    flepeMelqeHHe rlo HarIpa"BreHHIo cHJlbr Xz (r. e. rlo Ha-
    B crepxHe,- noMeuleHHoro B ToqKe 2
    snFaEs(t-n?) fipaBJlelrurc yclnln
    c llpoAoJlnuofi 6anxoft 1-31 paBHo HyJIIo,
    - (4-65) lt coeArrHeHHoFo
    t ,
    / o \
    Erh"ll-p"o) HMEET BI{A:
    x, Ds,* xzDz,* xuDg* xt Drr* x,D5 * Xo0zo*
    TLe a - no,rlyAnl{Ha nJIHTII (no 6oalurefi cropoue); *Xt Dzr *4r Dzu * XruDzrrr* Xrv Dztv *
    F - n.roulaAr [nr.{Tbl;
    ft - ronuluua nJIHTbI. * X v S 2V + X V r D zv r - l r : 0 -
    To
    Kea.u,paruylonnnry MolKHo paccquTTBarb KaK a 6 c o- - -eure npnnoxeHa x 6a'nxe 1-3,
    Ec.nu BHeIIrHflfl llafpy3Ka
    J r r o T H ox ( e c T K y I o u p u r B ypaBHeHHe sofi.{.er qJIeH Azp' Halpy3Ky Mox(Ho c
    oAEHaKoBbtM npaBoM npHnox(HTb KaK K ToE, TaK lr K
    --:,8 cHcreMe 6a.nox.
    __ ryrc r r nHT y npH r < .Lpyroft
    'ilepe*erteH'fl
    6?r, br, 3aB'crr or aeSopM:tq'H ocHo-
    V & BaHpIfl H or nporu6i' nponomHoft 6a'uru 1-3' Bce xe
    2a ocraJlbuble nepeMeuleHut 3aBl{clr roJIbKo or AeQoPMaqHH
    fAe a : - OTHOIIIeHHecTOpOH nJIHTbI. Herlo-
    -
    ZD ocHoBaHHs,TaK KaK rlpoqne cHJIbIX x 6a'nxe I-3
    cpeAcrBeHHo He npuno)Kenbl. KoHecHo, npu oupeAeJIeHuI{
    BosbMeM npsMoyroJlbHylo nJIHry, Ha_- yqnrllBarb eAHHI'ltIHbIe
    nrq'npl{Mepa- .a'eQop,uauufi ocHoBaHI{fi HyxHo qerBeprflx
    rpyx{eHHyto xaxoft-nu6o cxlrtlterpH'rnofi narpysxoft cu,rtu, AeficrByloulte Ha ocHoBaHHe Bo Bcex
    (S".. 4-164), 3aAeJIKy HaMerHM B cepeAl4Hax 6arox e NJII{TbI.
    i6'{rax 1, 4,'5 u 6. 3a ueuasecrHble npI'IMeM cu.nu X u Ec.nu He npecJleAyercfl oco6euno
    ocaAKH ToqeK I, 4, 5 g 6. 6onrmofi ToqHocrx Pacrrera, MoxHo
    HeHgsecrHHIvtH6yayr: uecrb HeI{3Be'crHbIX cHJI, [plIJIo- nofitu AaJIbue B cMbIcJIe Ynpoue-
    >KeHHbIxK cncreMe rIpoAoJIbHLIx 6alor (o6osxauntvt ux HHg.
    Xb X2,..., X6), ure,ctb HeH3BecrHbIxcHJI,IIpHnoxeHHbIxK cH- llrrury nplMoyroJlbnoro oqepra-
    creMe norepeqHblx 6a.nox (o6oanaunM Hx Xr, Xrr,..., Xvt ) HHs, pa3MepaMu I n b (Sur. 4-
    r rlerblpe - HeH3BecrHbIeocaAKH. Bcero 6*6*4:16 He- 165) Mox(Ho PaccqurblBarb ABa)K-
    H3BecrHbilx(npu o6parHo cltMnerpuvuofi Harpy3Ke BMecro AbI. CHaqala nnHTy paccl{HTblBalor
    B npoAonbHoM HanpaBJIeHHH,KaK tbue. 4-165
    ocaAoK HeHgeectHrtlt{H6yayt yfnbl nonopma).
    TJIABA qETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJI6HAfl MEXAHTIRA
    257
    Ta6nuqa 4-l I
    Pearqnn ocHoBaHHrlnc a6co.lrrcrno IKecrKHx nrHT, Harpy)KeHnbtxcnMmerpuuttofinarpyrxofi
    HHreucnsHocrs pea xunfr ocHoBaHHg
    Cxeua nJIHr t{ anrcpH peaKu,l{fi rpyHra
    l o , l r , l

    K n a . u . p a r H anRr u r a

    tb b-b

    0,472 0,679 1,062 0,538 I ,100 1,696

    flo d-a

    s ^qr+
    .{.
    q A.o nLa
    e.o

    @uz. 4-166

    t l p s M o yf O I b H A f l trJIHTA
    (3:5)

    0,495 0,937 0,510 0,967 1,020 1,421

    llog g

    qT;

    @uz. 4 -1 6 7

    II pnM o yroJIbE as n J IH T a
    (l :2)

    0,531 0,941 0,549 0,972 1,143 I ,485

    llo tl-l{

    @uz. 4-168

    p93"*111 ynpyroro ocHoBaHHfl B npeJ.enax KBe,4,para co cTOpOr


    t l p n r " r e r I a H x e . T a 6 l . 4-11 cayxnr .unflonpeAetrenH,n
    P1l*9rt-ft"tsynuleftHa 4c!' r'{e q - cperHee .u,aBJIeHHeHa rpyHr.
    floft c,'-.u,rseroro neo6xoiluuo npuoeae-nnue e ta6Jiuqe sHaqeHnc P; YMHoxl'ttb

    17 3ar. 12s
    PA3TIEJ| NEPBbIN. OEUHN
    258
    tuttporyryrc 5a;rxy A.nusoti / r.r runpx'noii b, npene6perar xo bno* x,0., J- x, Dr,+ x3 ba:,l* ,Ynbo** xr,Dn.* xe bnr,-l-
    ngru6ou B nonepeqHoMHanpaBJIeHHH. floc.rre gToro AeJIa-
    KIT pacqeT nJIHTbI B nonepeqHOMHaIIpaBJIeIIHH'BLIpe3afl
    *Xr6.,-lo*Ln,-0;
    nnr{ry B I n (r4ecr 6yae" c.nyuafi nnocxofi ne$opruauHu). 0 + & bs,* &br, * xtbis * xnbrn* x:,br, * Xobse*
    3arer"r BHocfl'r noflpaBKy B nepBoHaqaJrbHbleAaHHbIe,
    I I p H H r r M a r rB o B H H M a H H eH e p a B H O M e p H o c THba r p y 3 K H H a * xz Osz* a,,p: 0;
    ocHoBaHHe He ToJlbKoB npoAonbHoM, HO Tenepb H B
    _ 0 + X1 0or* X, bor* XtDoa-l-X* boo*Xs bes* X':0oe-f
    nonepeqHoM HanpaBneHHH.Snropa HarpysKH Ha ocnoBa-
    Hile npeAcraBHrcq Heroropofi noBepxHocrblo. * X r D o z* A a p : 0 ;
    0 + & bzr* xz Dzr* x, Dr,* x+bz+-Fx; Dz,*xo bz,*
    6) Pacqer a1cotttorHo JffecrKux nnur * X t b r z* L z p : 0 ;

    flprE pacqere a6co,nrcrso)KecrKI4xnJIHT,HarpyxeHHblx - xc-x1- x2- X'-xn +T : o.


    uenipa.n-uu,ofi ucs'ra6t - 4- I I.
    narpysxofi, Mool{HoilIoJlb3oBar L

    flepeueuleuua no HanpaBJIeHIrflM cr4Jr Xs,..., Xa or Aefi-


    3. Pannu Ha ynPYtoM ocHoBaHHH crBHfl eAriHHI{HbIx cr4Jt, npHJIo)KeHHbIx B ToqKa-\ 0,..., 4,
    HaxoAsr, xax o6rtqHo, no Qoptrlyle:
    Pacqer paMbl IIa ynpyroM ocHoBaHHHMeroAoM TeopI{H
    eHA€.
    'yflpytocrH npuBoAuTcs HH)I(e,Ha npHMeP€, B o6uertr iki:Fni*&e)hi,
    A^r^ 4nyitrvefiroeas xe.neao6eroHHaq ranepefi. 3,u,ecl
    HMeeT MeCTO C.nyUafi n.nocxofi 4esoprraauura. xecrrocrr 'ta6:t- 4-7 t4 4-8.
    I{cIIoJIb3yr AJIfl F ni u * ki ,flepeue-
    purelefi 14 croeK npeAnonaraeM nocrognuofi. Mex.u,y uleHuff no HanPasneHI'IqM X0,..., X+ or Xs, Xa u Xz (np{-
    -
    HHX(HHMpHreJIeM paMbl H ocHoBaHHeM AeBfiTb OnopHblx r{elvt 3TH flep€MeuleHllq He 3aBI{CfT OfI O'CaAKu ocuo',nauua)
    crepxnefi c paccroflHttflMll MexAy _qLIMI c. OcHoslrafl cH- BbrqucJrflroT no oopMyfle MaKcBeJrJra
    - Mopa HJII{, TaK KaK
    * creMa npnHuMaercfl no Snr. 4-169- 3aAerxa - s cepe- IJIeMeHTbI paMbl IIpSMOJIHHefrUOTOH 1OCTOqHHOpOCeqeHHg'
    AIIHe HI4)KHerOpHreng. nepeMHoxeIIHeM glltop.
    Jho6yro HarpysKy MoxHo paa6nt Ha cIlMMerpIltIHyIo H 3ru nepeMeuleHuff, uafiAeuHure ilepeMHo>r{eHI{eM 9nIOp,
    o6paruo cHMMerpHqHyIo. rEo
    I[pu cuuuetpnunofi Harpy3l(e AonoJIHHreJIbHbIMHeus- cJreAyer yMIIOXHTb Ha BerfitIHHy I(oaQSEq'EeHr &
    BecrHbrM B Qlrxruenofi ga.rerxe 6ya,et ocaAxa Ao.--llptt I -p2o
    o6parno - yro.rr noBopora ? o. r{ucno
    ctervrlvrerpuvHofi qTo 'OH-OTHO'CHTCfl
    3,ll.ecb BBOAHTb yXle He HaAo' TBBHAyTOrO
    HeH3BecrHbIxonoDHbIX peaxuuft B nepBoM crycae - nfiTb: nepeMeuleHHsM, o[peAeJIreMbIM no ra6'nnqarvt'
    rfi[rb K
    Xo, Xt Xz, Xz, Xo, A BO BTOpoMCJlyqae-qeTbipe: Xt, Xz,
    f[o.a,o6nuru )Ke rlopqAKoM Bbrqr.rcJrsroT r{ nepeMeuleHl{E
    xs, x$ Panaa caMa no ce6e HMeeT ru,ecTb HeH3,Be'cTHbIx, Herotopue snlopbl II'oK?:33'HbI IIa Qs'r'
    or ,*i.pyt*.
    Ho HMeff B BI{Ay paa6anry Harpy3KH Ha cI'IMMerpHcHyto
    4-170. ,
    H o6patuo cLIMMerpHqHyIo,Moxqg qlpaHuql{rbcr . rpeMff
    rpyrnoBblMu Heu3BecrHtiuu: Xs, Xa, Xz- Taxuu o6paso*t,
    o'Oitlee cqcflo HeI4sBecrHbIx 6y,u,er paBHo .[eBflTH' IIpu
    cHMMerpI{qHoM 3afpy}I(eHI'IH cI'IcreMa ypannenufi 6yaer
    uMerb BlrA:
    @
    * &bor*xo b6n-yo:0;
    xots* *xr bo,* xzDoz
    Xobro*Xr Drr* Xzbrz* X, br,* Xebrr* Xr btr *Xo Dra*
    * Xtbr, - Io * Arp : 0i I
    t;,
    Xobro*Xr Dsr* Xzbrz* Xrbze*Xabs+ * Xs8rr* &bm *
    *XzEzt-lo * Arp:0i
    Xo b"o+ & be,* X, br, + X3 bp *Xa De+* Xt Dt. * Xa ba,t*
    *&ber-lo*Arp:0i

    ffi4
    )(s
    A7

    + c ) c s x 5 - \ t +
    \x\<x\\)<x
    l- ao--l- o"4
    tbue. ,(-169
    Que. 4-170
    nAABA ITETBEPTAfl. CTPOHTEJIuHAfl MEX AHHKA
    259
    JII{TEPATYPA
    I. rarepxn[. 6. r., ynpyrxe roaxre olxrf,rt oHTrc, lgo& A.. Esnffi x pax, Bs yrp)no' ocnoxtarxi,
    2. f o p 6 y B o s-n o c { ! o B M. Id.. 6art(r x rJrrIH lr! ylpyrox
    ocxo*Enr, Mar[crpoircrrr, 1949. I 14. n., Teopxq coopyxe'x&, Tprso(eJuopr'-
    3. f o p 6 y r o B-Il o c r ,t o B M. H., T.6ruN ,rrr pacrcn 6!10r
    ir yltpyrora oc|roBrrlrrt focdpoftI|3lsrr lSF.
    . ],t. lf.,_ KWc clporTje.lEiofi xCtanxxll crep|grr-
    4. xer.o,rxxH 6. H. r na(escxn* lrcrtr' 1950.
    r- n.. KvEctfrn.
    te,lfiofi reltBtxx! s' llt' cTsrxxa cooprx(eEflrr foc, xaiirc.rritno ., Peu€srre llrrr, EeapyxeBf,Hr
    rpxrrer.rypu '- clrrollrEofi r|efpyr-
    rr rprlrocrporrerrrctBs, 1980. utr, oHTt4, lgtj6.
    5- Xe r.oqkntr 6. H., CxHrrrHB A. n-, Ilpsrtr{qccR e A., prcqerd ocfiosa r* rrr,lporennq€ckllx co_
    raerolhr p'c'r€1r__QyErax€IrlEHr 6aroft r nJr&Trla yfipyro* ocroraExr, rs,!ai, tg{a.
    crDofiltslar, 1947,

    3ar. l2ir
    TJIABA NflTAfl

    PACI|ET OCAIOK TI,IAPOTEXHI4IIECKHX COOPyXE tlt4tl


    FIA I-JIHHI,ICTbIX(CBfl3HbtX) fpyHTAX
    5_I. OCHOBHbIE NOHflTLlfr
    _ Crponre.nbHbrecsor?crsa y[JrorHrreMoro rpyHTa AoJix{Hbr
    6u* trpeA9rasJreuu: a) o6u1u,rr,lonucaHue,MreoJr,ofnqecKoro
    crpoeuur ocHoBaHHr H crpyKTypHbrx oco6enuocrefi nopo-
    ocaArauu HasbrBaror Bepru'KaJrbHbre aeQoprrra,rluuocHo- ,uu; 6) KoM[peccHoHHbrMH KpHBnTMH c BerBflMr4BTopnqHoro
    saHaft coopyxeuuri, He conponoxgauu.Hecfl kopenuurr,r us- cxaruq ,nocJre pa3rpy3Ku AJtfl, o6paeqon, B3fiTbrx c He.
    MeHeHHeMcflo}I(eHHfl rpyHra. HapyrtrenHofi crpy,xrypofi; Mecra B3rrufl np,o6 H Hx KoJrIr-
    -' Beptuxa;rbuble ae0oplaaqnu, Bbr'brBaeMbrer{opegHbrM14 3- qCCTIBO HA3HATIAIOTCfl B 3ABHCHMOCTH O:T .IPEAIIOJIATACMbIX
    M,eHeHHeM cJrox(eHHfl fpyHTa, Ha,rrpHMep yIIJrsTHeHHeM pasMepots o6xa,uaevrofi roJrrr{n; n) ra6.iluq-eft Qneuuecxux
    pbIxJIbIx necqaHblx rpyHTojB BcJIeAcrBHe corpflceHHs, BbI- H M€xaHHrrecKHxcsoficre rpyHTa (o6terr,tunfi Bec, roe$-
    nupaHaeM rpyHTa H3-tIoA coopyx{eHufl 14T. rI., Hasbl'Balorcff QLr4Ilenr $nlnrpaqutt, BJrax(Hocrb, qHcJro [rJracrr{qHocri,r,
    [pocaAKaMH. hlH)Ke paccMarpr{Baercs Borrpoc Jl4rrrb o5 flopllcTocrb, Mo{}rJIb cxHMaeMocTH ril Ip.).
    onpeAeJr,eHlruoca,4oK. Onpe4e.neHue ocaAoK npousBoAurcrr
    . c rleJrbro npaBl{JrbH,oronlr6opa KoHcrpyKrlr,rH14 yrocHeHHfl
    Borrp@orB, c,Bff3aHHbrxc yclorTvtreocrtrc coopyxeHHft. 2. Vqer cHflToro 6nrrosoro AaBJreHHs
    Pasrliqanr tto,JrHyroocaAKy, co,orBercrByrcrqyro,no.nuofi
    cra6arHsarrr{H npoqecca yfrJrorHeHr,rfffpyHTa, H rpoMexy-
    TorrHyro ocaAKy, cooTBeTcTByroulyro oflpeAeJreHHoMy Mo- Pacceruas HarpysKa Ha ocHoBaHI{e,rtpLtytrere 6rrronoro
    MeqTy BpeMeHH Ao HacryrrJreHvs cra6HJrH3ar{HI.r. .llaBneHufl, IIO [peAJIOxe,HHIo HeKoTopbrx a]BTopOB[8], o,upe-
    flpouu.a yrrJrorHeHr.rfl cBsgHbrx rpyHToB rrporeKaer Aerffercrruo Qopnyae:

    (,-+)'"
    oqeHb MeAJTeHHOH MOX(er CKa3arbcff Ha Hopua"urnofi
    pa6ore coopyx(eHwfl pasrrr4qHbrM o6pasoru, nosroMy pacqer
    ccaAoK orBercrBeHHbrx coopyxeuurt H nporeKa[r4fl. oca.4Ku P: Pn- (5- 1)
    .Bo BpeMeHLIAJrff cBfl3ubrx rpyH.nlB o6ssarereu. Oco6oe
    sHarIeHHe'rMeeT xapaKTep I{3MeHeHnEocaAoK [rpH ,onpeAe_
    JI'eHHHyclofiuneocru coopyx{eHl{fi Ha cABr.Ir, TaK KaK Ha rAe p - pacqerHarr HarpysKa B rcefctP;
    ruIl,IHr4crbrx['pyHTax ycroftuunocrt coo,pyx(eHHfl Ha cABLrir pn - uoJrHoeAaBJreHHe,nepeAaBaeMoenoAorrreor?
    Syn-
    yBeJrllrlHtsaeTcfino Mepe saTyxaHr,rfl ocaAKr.r. IarMeHTa rpyrrry, n rcelcnz;
    Et-'MOAyJIb C)I{H.MaeMOCTT{, nolyveuulrfi Ilo BeTBH
    ,U€pBU-qHO,FO CXaTHg ,npln ICIbITaHHI{ rpyHTa, B
    rcelcnz;
    5_2. HCXOAHbIEPACTIETHbIE AAHHbIE Ez-MO[yJrb cx(HMaeMocrH, no.nyueuurrrl II,o BerBH
    B"o'pfiquoro c)Karr.rfl uocJre pasrpysKn, B rcelcnz;
    ,Beca cHsroro rpyHTa jB
    PA - 6ulosoe AaBneHr{e or
    l. Heo6xoAuMbreAaHHbreAJrs pacrrera oca4oK rcelcu2, oflpeAeJrfieMo.e no Soprrayne:

    K pacqery oca4oK M,o)r(H.o rrpr4crylll,ITb, ecJrl{ sa1aHo ^{h;


    Pe : (5-2)
    HsMeHeHHeBo BpeMeHpnsfiropbr H'a,rpy3or, 4,eficrnyrcq]rx Ha
    [OBepxHOcTb oCHoBaHHff, H Orrrp9AeneHbrCTpoIITeJrbHbre 1- o6tevlsufi nec rpyHra s rcefcns (n cnyuae, Kof-
    csoftcrea H MorrlHocrb yrlJrornre,Mux nnacroB r.pyrrra. ,{a ypoBeHb npyHToBbrx 'BoA HaxoAHTCfl Bbrrrre
    Ans ofrpeAeJreHafl HsMeHeHr,u Bo BpeMeHH sflropbr [ra- oTMeTKHAHa KOTJTOBaHa, CJreAyeT yqecTb B3Be-
    rp_y3oK, .teficrnyrcu1ax Ha noBepxHocrb ocHo,BaHHs, He- IunBaHHe fpyHra s so4e);
    ofxoaxuo flpnHflrb Bo BHHMaHHe cJreAyrorrlue Qaxlopu: h - rty.6nna saJroxeHr,rrr ocnoBaHuff coopyx(eHnrr B
    a) pa3Mepbr H Qopr'ry coopyxeFtrs; 6) pac,rroJroxeHne cJ.4.
    coceAHr{x coopyx{eHHft;,s) r.ny6rany crpor{TeJrbHoro KorJro-
    naua; r) ypoBHH r.r p€x{rrM ,rpyuronnrx BoA; A) KaneHAap-
    HbIII rrJraH crpo,I,ITenbubrx pa6or; e) cnJrbr, 4eficr.nyroqne B rou cJryqae, KorAa He flpoucxoAuT [rqAreMa .qHa Kor-
    Ha ocHoBa,HHe ,IIOCJTeOKOHqaHHflCTpOHTeJTbCTBa roBaf,a uocJle cHffTHg 6urosoro AaBJreIrHfi,T. e. E2:a,
    (AO 3a-
    noJrHeHHfl B,oAoxpaHuauqa) H ts frepnoA .HopMamHofi src- Qopuyaa (,5-1) npuuuuaer Brr.rt:
    [Jryaraur.rH. P : Pn- Pa. (5-3)
    TJIABA NflTAfl. P. OCA,4,OKTHTPOTEXHH'TECRNX COOPWEHHN HA CBflsHbIX niVHTAX
    26t
    3. Vqer xecTrocTn Qyn4arvreHra HflTa na,pa.rr.rreJrbHor? q€pe3 xoHubr:
    uaocrocrlr, n.poBe.qennofi
    opAHHaTyrnoBblx roqeK onrcpbr ocaloK (uarcuuaJrbnoil,
    Pacqer ocalIKH o6u.rHo rr MHHHMaJrbnoft n cpeAnefiH3 ocranbHbrxAByx), nuqucaeg-
    Ntf o'npe.rl€JreH-
    HbIX TOqeK xapaKTepHbrx cerreHH $yH,rauenta.4 clyqa€ nofi A.rq HexecrKoro coopyxerrufl (Qur. S-2).
    H€)r(ecrKoroSyunarrreuraguropa @AAOX IIPITHHMAEICg B
    COOTBETCTBIIH C DE3VNbTATAMU cq€Ta.
    4. K.naccnfi HKa\Hs, pacqerHbrx cflyqaeB
    B o6uen cJyqae 3aAaqa ynnornegnfl .rpyHTa fl,BJrfl€Tcfl.
    gaaaqefi npocrpaHcrneuuofi, oaHaKo Ha npaKTHKeH€peAKo.
    .BcTpeqarcTcgyc.loBHrr, BJrHflrorrlHeHa xapaKTep pacnpe-
    AeJreHHrnanpnxeHufi B rpyHTe raKHM o6pasou, .uro sa-
    .4aqy MoxHo npn6.nnx.euHopaccMarpHBarb B HeKoropbrx

    i-----l- cJlyqaffx, KaK nJrocKyro .rlByxM€pHyro, a B ApyfHx, KaK


    oAHOpa3MepHyro.gTH ycJr'oBtrfloflpe,4enfroTcff KaK cooTHo-
    rrIeHH€Mpa3MepoB coopyxeHHrr n MouIHocTI{cxHMaeMbrx
    nJlacroB rpyuTa, TaK v xapaKTepoM BuerrrHefi.HarpyexH.

    a) Oduopa*rilepHan saAaqa

    I OanopasuepHnrrl npoqecc ynJrorHe,Hufl xapar(Tepn3yercfl


    TeM, qTO qacTl{4br cKeJreTarpyHTa v Bo.4br B efo nopax
    Que. 5-1. Snnpw oca K coopycrceuufr nepeM.erlarorcfl Bo Bcex roqKax rpyuronofi Maccbr Beprn-
    KaJIbHc,npHrI€M B T,ogKax .np6ofi IIJrocKocrIt, nepneHAHKy-
    a' bt c, - ocarKa coopyxeHHs;
    gP br cD - oca,..ua coopy)|(eHHs .nnpuofi K BepTHKaJrr{B o.[r1H H Tor xe MoMeHT Bp€MeHH,
    BerHrrHHbr, xapaKTepH3yrotrlr4e npollecc oA}I-
    H a K o B b r( c u . [ 2 ] ) . ilrrJroTHeHlrrr,
    llocrpoeuue gnropu ocaAoK xecTKoro coopyxeHlifl Oqeea4Ho, qro reoperuqecnafl.'cxeMa o.4HopagMepxofi
    trpotI3BoAflTnpu6nnxeuuo, rpa HqecKLr, pyKoBoAcTByflcb saAar{H HMeJra 6n Mecro B cry'qae coopyxenurr c 6ecro-
    npn eroM cJr,eAyrouluMHcoo6pa H H f l M H : HeqHo 6onruruvu pa3MepaMl{ u cnlourrofi, e rro6ofi Mo-
    'a) o6Teu Snppbr ocaAoK >r(e I coopyxeHl{rr .4onx(eH M€Hr BpeMeHHpaBuoMepr{opacnpele.nessofi uarpysxofi ua
    6urr paoen o6teuy srrropbroc HexecTK.ofo coopyx(e- ocHoBaHHe.fpyHr flpe.(noJraraercr np.n sroM oAHop,o.iIHbrM
    HIIg; B nJrocKocTrx, IIepIIeHIHKyJrspHbrxHanpaBJreHHroABu)I{e-
    HHq qACTHII.
    6) uax.non x(ecrKo.ro Qynaar'r rrpH nrocxofi Banaq€
    AoJIlreH 6uru paBHbrM HaKJroH xop.4bI, coe,n.aHffrculefi CpanHeuue noryrl€Hnblx reopergqecKl{x BbIBo,tI'o,Bc,lIaH-
    rpaftune op,aHHarbranropbr .oca Bbrrll{cJrenuotiAaa He- IIbIMI{ ua6.irrc-qennfinoKagaJIo, tITo eclrr pa3Mepbl coopy-
    )KecrKoro coopyxrcHHrr ($nr.-5- xeHhn .u.ocraroquo BeJTHKI{, To npH H€3HaquTeJlslt,ofiuonl-
    B) norotrrBa x(ecrKoro Syuaa a, npfMoyfoJrblloro B HO,CTH CXHMaer{OfO rpyHTa MO}KHOTpaKTOBaTb3?Aflr{Yr
    [JraHe rrpu rrpocrpancrseuuofi qe AoJr)KHa 6urr npu- KaK o.lnopa3Mepnyro. Oruoruegue rrrupHHbr urorrraAn lro-
    AorxBhr Syu4aveura K ToJrurHHecJrofl cxHMaeM,oro rpyuTa'
    a) AoJrxiHo 6urn trpl{ sroM 6oalue AByx, T. e.

    r,qe b - rtrnprna nororxBbr $yn,uauenra;


    h -,uoutuocrb clr(uMaeMorocJroflrpyHra.

    6) Ilttocrcan dagx.uepHan sadatta


    .(eyxuepHrrfi trpouecc ynJrorHeHHr xapaKTep'I43yertfl
    'qacrHqbt
    TeM, qro cKeJrerarpyHTa H Bonbr B er.o nopax
    nepeMerqarorcs Bo Bcex roqKax rpyuroeofi Maccbl napaJl-
    ueroropofi nnocKocru, IIpHqeMB ToqKax .rrro6ofi
    JI0.,'rbHo
    't2 t; npauofi JTHHI4H, K grori nJrocKocruB
    uepn€H,rHKy.rrnpttoft
    oAHH H TOT x(e MOMeHT BpeMeHH, BeJrHqilHbI, XapaKTepfi-
    3ylorrtHe npoq€cc ynJroTHeHHt, oAI{HaKoBbr.
    Ha npaxrHKe pacqer tro cxeMe nrocxofi 3aAaqlr Be.rercg
    npn .ttJIHH,ecoopvxeHun, e 3 pa3a wlu 6o.nee np€Bbttua-
    roqefi urr4pHHy. flpu onpe,le"'I€HHLt .a,JIHHbI coopyxeHHfl
    M O X ( H O Y I I H T b I B A T b I ' A . T I H H YH C N O C P € , U . C T B C Hi lHPO
    HMHKAIo.
    uIHx coopyxeuuft, ecJrlt Hanpflx(eHHfl B ocHoBaHHH npu'
    MbtKarorrrnx coopyxeHur? 6attsxr K coorBelcrByrolrluM Ha-
    IIpflxrcHrrrM ocHoBHoro coopyxeHHfl.

    5 - 3 . O C H O B H b I EM E T O A b I O N P E A E J I E H H '
    @uz. 5-2. Snnpu oca no xapaftmeptbl.tr HATIPflXEHHH B TPYHTAX
    cewHunJ4,coop
    Onpe,uereHue HanpqxeHnfiB rpyHroBofiro.nqe npon3Bo-
    a-nraH coopy)KeHus i 6- no JTHHHH 1-2;
    d - pa3pe3 no tnnuln 3-4i oca.[Ka Hexec'rKoro co- AHrcH MeroAaMLITeopHH ynpyrocrn. Hnxe paccMarpa-
    opyxeHHs; 'oca.qKa coopyxieHhs Barcrcfl ocnoBnbresaAaqn (no4po6ueecu. [10]).
    PASTEN NEPBbIN. OEIuNN
    262

    l. Pacnpe.u,eJleHue HanpflxeHufi B cflyqae 6),il,ertcraue sepTurcartbHoti,npougsortbHo


    npocrpaHcrBeHHofisaAaqH p acnpeaerteHHoit Haepa sKu
    / !,tt npn6JrlrxeHHoro onpereneHHfi uanpr>reuufi
    a) !,eilcrltte cocpedorotieHHortcunot pa3"4eJIHTb Harpyx€HHyto
    Mox(Ho
    noBepxHocTb Ha 3Jr€MeHTbr H
    (Snr. 5-3) Harpy3Ky Ha xaxlurfi oreMeHT npHlrffrb cocpeAoroqeuuofi
    B ueHTpe rflxecra aJreMeHTa. HanpnxeHHe onpe,rerl.rrce
    Ecnu HaqaJIo Koop,4uuar pacnoJloxeuo B ToqKe [pHno- g n e r \ t e H T a p r r b r Mc y M l \ t H p o B a H H e M . T a x , H a t t p H M e p ,
    c]KHMa_
    x(eHnt cocperoroqenHofi cuJrbr P, ocu z HanpaBJIeHaBep- rclllee HanpttxeHne B sa.(aHHofi TorIKe onpeAengTcs 11o
    THKaJTbHO BHH3, a OCH X Ll A paCnOJIOX(eHbI B fOpH3OH- Sopwty.ne:
    ra.nruofi nJrocKocrrr, orpaHuqHBarouefr noJlynpocrpaHcrBo,
    To cocraBnnlourHe Hanpfl)Kel{Hr e rro6ofi TorIKe cpe.llr r11
    ]ti
    HHx(e TorrKE npHno)KeHr{fl cocpe.uoroqeuHofici{Jrbr paBHbI:
    "r:frn, -q , ( 5- 4 ' l
    3P zg i:l
    oz ; (5-4)
    2x R5 rle (l - xoaQ$wqlreHT, sHaqeHne Koroporo AaHo B 3aBH-
    3P fl ' -vzz | r;
    - -r cHMocTH or orHorrre*Hfl-- s ra6r. 5-l;
    rropManbHbre
    2" [R'
    r;-paccToqHHe or 3aAaHroi too*N Ao BeprHKanb-
    cocTaBIr rouIHe (2R * z) t2 iroft oct, npoxoA.sueft qepes qeHTp Trxecru
    Hanpr)I(eHHfl, gJIEMCHTA.
    (R+z)2R
    naparJrenbHbre Toquocrr rar(oro OIIPEA€TCHHq sABI,ICIIT OT OTHOIIICHHfl
    ocflM x, !, z _-l
    3P f xtz l i
    -,
    u x - r A e li - 6Snrtnan cropoHa {rpfiMoynoJrbHoro 3Jre-
    2n LRt ri
    M€HT?, r'1 yxe o,flpeAeneHoBbIIIIe.
    (2R+ z) xz
    (R+z)2R
    z
    R3 )1, (5-6)

    f
    li
    HafiAeHo, rrro npn:

    ;
    I
    Z
    r.Ee .r, U, z- KcopAr{Harbr paccMarp}IeaeMofi ToqKH; ' l rrr4eMoxo.rro6%;
    li
    < - florperuHocrr oxo.uo3o/o;
    R:V x2*y2*22; ri 3
    li I
    a - norpeuHocrb oxo.no 2%.
    ;r - xog0Ququent 6oxoeoro pacufipeHufl. fi T

    <Dopuy.ry (5-4), Bbrpaxamqyrc tserutlnny cxi{Maloutux B HerrcJopbrx cJryqaflx yAaJrocb rronyquTb roqHbre pe-
    nanpxxeHafr B rvlaocrBe rpyHTa AJrfl rrJrorqaAoK, ,[apan- rrreHuff, BbIAeJrr{B6,ecxoneqgo MaJlbre 3JreMeHTbILr IlpoI{E-
    JIe.[bHblx rlJrccKocru, orpaHHrI]reanlqefi MaccuB, MoxHo TerpupoBaB noJryqeHubreBhrpax{eHuq.f"irg HanprxeHuft or
    Hpe,4craBHTbB Br.I.[e: o,1noro sJreMeHTaB Rperenax ucefi rrJroruar?r.
    .{.nr uparuoyronbuoro yqacrKa co cropoHaMr.r I u b, K
    P KOTOpOMy[pr.rJr.Oxe,HapaBHoMepHo pacirpeAeJreHHafiHa-
    5z-KV (5-4',)
    rpygKa HIITeHcI{BHocrbrop rcelcu2, Mo)r(Hc noJlb3oBarbcff
    npu oIIpeAeJreHHHc)r(HMarounx uaripaxeHrafi 6z nor errr
    r{eHrpoM n yruraMu $opuyaofi:

    I(:*ffi.ir:tx,+y' oz: kP- (5-4-)


    3naqe.snsxcl$$raunesra ft lagbr n ra6t. 5-2 n 5-3.
    flpu no.,ru3oBaHr.ra
    ra6lnqauu cJreAyeTyqecrb, cro ecltn
    II3BeCTHO Hir,Ilpfix(eHHe Anfl yrnoBblx TorreK, Tio IIo fieMy
    MCT.O,{OMCYMMITPOBAHVfrJIE|KO .ONPEACJIHTbHATIPSX(EHEC
    E Ass pacqeroB rloJrb3oBarncRta6.n. 5-1,r4e AaHbr 3Ha- ,4as .nrc6ofi roqxu rroJrynpocrparrcrBa.
    {CEHfi xoe$SuuneHToB K B3aBHc[IMocrI{ or BEJII{qHHbI flpu sr"'onr MoryT B,crperurbcfi cJreAyroulne rpt{ cJyqas.
    r 1. To,ma M HaxoAr{Tcff Ha KoHType npflMoyroJrbHuKa
    z .rtaBJlegr{fl(Our. 5-4,a). B sroM cnyqae
    5z :57r* 62, '

    fAe o", -
    yrnoBoe HanprrxeHHe oT npqMoyfoJ[bgIrKa
    Mabe;
    6?,2- yrJIoBo€ HarlpffxeHHe oT IIpflMoyronbHEKa
    Mecd.
    2. Toqxa M uaxoruTcrr BIIyrpH rrpflMoyronbnuKa ,qaBJIe-
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    2,00 0,31 0,31 0,28 0',02 0,20 0,c5 0 , l 3 0 , 0 7 0, 0 8 0,08
    3,00 0,21 0,21 0,20 0,01 0, 1 7 0 , 0 2 0 ,1 3 0.03 0 , 1 0 0,04
    4,00 0,16 0,16 0 ,1 5 0,14 0,01 0,12 0,02 0 , 1 0 0 ,c 3
    5,00 0 ,1 3 0 ,l 3 0,12 0.12 0,11 0,09
    6,00 0,1I 0,10 0 ,1 0 0,10 0 ,1 0

    Ta6nu4a 5--b
    Be.nnqnsu uanpnxeHnfi oz B Jrvnefino ne$opMupyeMoM MaccHBe rpu fleficreun norocoo6pagnofi HarpyBKH,
    MeHnrculeficc no gaKoHy rpeyroJrbHnKa, BhrpaxeHHhre B ,qorcx or MaKclrnaaarHofiuHTeHcItBHocrHHarpy3KH

    v
    Y'=- o
    I
    -1,5 - 1,0 -0,5 1,0 ,,5 2.0
    , z
    b
    I
    0 0 0 0 0,25 0, 5 0 0,75 0, 5 0 0 0 0
    0,00
    0,25 0,001 0,075 0,256 0,480 0,643 0,424 0 0 1 5 0,003
    0,50 0,002 0, c03 0.023 0,127 0,263 0,410 0,477 0,353 o,oso 0 , 0 1 7 0,003
    6,006 0,016 0,042 0,153 0,248 0,335 0,361 0 ,2 9 3 0,109 0,024 0,009
    0,75 0,241 0 , 1 2 9 0,045 0,013
    1,0 0.014 0,025 0,051 0,159 0,223 0,275 0,279
    1,5 0.020 0,048 0,096 0,145 0 ,1 7 8 0,200 0,202 0 ,1 8 5 0,124 0,062 0.041
    2,0 o:033 0, 0 6 1 0.092 0,127 0,146 0,155 0,163 0 ,1 5 3 0 , 1 c 8 0 ,069 o:obo
    3 0 0,050 0 ,064 0,080 0,096 0 ,1 0 3 0 ,1 0 4 0,108 0 .1 0 4 0 , 0 9 0 0 , 0 7I 0,050
    0,051 0,060 0,067 0,075 0,078 0;085 0,082 0,075 0,073 0,060 0,049
    4;o 0,061 0,051 0,047
    5,0 9,047 0,052 0,057 0,059 0 ,062 0,063 0,063 0,065
    0,041 0,041 0,050 0 ,0 5 1 0,052 0,053 0 053 0,053 0,050 0,050 0,045
    6,0
    TJTABA NflTAfl. PAC'TET OCAil,OR TH,\POTEXHHITECKI'IX COOPY)KEHHN HA CB'I3H,IX TPYHTAX
    267
    e) ,4,eficraueHaepusnunpousaortbHoeo
    auda 5-4. METOAH OIPEAE.NEHHflTIOJIHOHOCAAKH
    AauHultlll ra6l. 54 u 5-S MoxHo rroJrb3oBarbcsB l. HenocpeAcrBeHHoe rrpHMeHeHHe
    cnyq3s nlocxofi 3aIaqH A.[fl npou3BoJrbHoroBHAa Ha- nHHefiHofisa4auu
    rpy3KH. Tax, HarrpHMep,ecJrH anropa sHerxlr€fi Harpy3KH
    Ec-tu caoir rp)'HTa paBHoMep,Hoc)KHMaertfl B ycroBHqx
    HeBo3MoxHocrH 6orcoeoro pacurupeHufl, To oca-li<y Mox_
    HO Onpe,leJnTbKaK pa3Hocrb HaqaarHofi u xoHeqnofi Bbr-
    corbr croq rpyura: S:h-h, (Ssr. S-10,a). Be.ryuqnHa
    n H3BecrHa, a BeJHTIHHyh' MoxHo .o[p€]enuTb Hg roro
    ycJroBHff, qro o6ter,r cKeJrera croa6lrxa -fpyHTa ocraerct
    npH ocaAKe nocTosHHbilu, a ocaAKa npoHcxo,{,HT3a crler
    yM€HhureHuflflop. B pesy;rnrare noJryqaeM:

    (5- r4)

    r.q,e h-HaqanbHar Bbrcora cr-rofi rp,yHTa;


    e1-xoaSSuUnenr nopr.rcTocrr.rrpyHTa, coorBercrBy-
    rcutuft ycnoBHrrM ero ecrecrBeHHoro 3aJr€raHHrr;
    e2 - roaQonuueHr nopHcrocrH rpyHra, onpeaeleHHufi
    ilIpH yBeJrr4qeHr..ru
    Harpy3KH, coorBercrnyrculsri e,,
    rbue. 5-8 Ha BerHrrHHypacqeruofi Harpy3KH p.

    cDoprr,ryaea.ns S Mo,>r(HorrplrAarr H Apyryro


    RMeer _BrrA Tpaflerlr{H c xpafiirulru opAnHara}tn po H pt Sop,uy:
    (Qur. 5-8), To cJre.EyercyMMupoBarb Hafi,pfl)r(,eHufi,
    o,[pe- AD
    {eJIeHHbIeAnt paBHoMepHo pacnpeleJreuHoft HarpysKl,r HH- s:ft (5- ls)
    TeH'CHBHOCTbTOpo H !.Jtfr.Uai{essrculefics no saKoHy Tpe- l * e r '
    ynonbHuKa c HHTeHcHBHocrbro or 0 lo p:pt-go.
    E|-Ez
    r\e a - tg a: - (cu. Qur. 5-10,6).
    _-
    .p
    o)

    PH/rrz

    tDue. 5-9

    Ec.nn HarpysKa Ha fioBep,xH'ocrb rpyuTa saAana Her(o-


    ropoft rpnrofi (Sur. 5-9), ro c npn6.irux<eHr{eM ,HaxoAffT
    cyMMHpoBaHHeM gHarleur.rfl uanpax<eHnfi, pas6unan 3a-
    LaHHyIo S.IIlopy Ha pflA yqacTKoB l{ B (npeAeJlax Ka)IL4orO
    yqacrKa saIaHHHft gaKoH LrgMeHeHHfiHarp'ysKu 3aMenfffl
    Tpanerlonqa.uruofi snrcpofi .

    3. OnpeAeJreHHeaKTHBHofisonnr
    Cxnuarcqge HafipfixeHtrfl or Harpy3KH, npx.nox,e,lrHofi
    ga ,noBepxHocru, c r.ny6urofi 6ucrpo yr\{eubrrrarorcfl. 3ro
    -{aeT B03MO}KHOCTb rIpH pacrreTe @aAOK B CJryqae, KOfAa
    cKaJrbHafl nopo.u,a gaJreraeT Ha 6o.nruroli r.ny6nue, [peHe-
    6pevs MaJIbIMHHanpflx(egHfr,Mrr H ytIHTbIBarb'Hanpflx(eHgfl
    ToJrbKo B BepxHIIx c.rlofix rpyuTa, HasbrBaeMbrxaxrfieuoli
    souoft. t{aue Bcero rny'6utty axrneHofr 3oHbr AJrfi r(ax(Aofi
    pacverHofi Beprr{KaJrl{oflpcAeJlflIor no QopMyJre:
    t/cuz
    6z 1 0,2IH , (5-13) P

    ;IAe oz - cxllMalouee H&flpfi)KellHei


    1 - o6reuuufi Bec rpyHra;
    H - rny'6nna axrueHoft 3onbt. @ue.1-fu
    PAST,EJI NEPBhIN. OEUAN
    268
    Ha npaKrnKesrn Qopuyau ,npHMeHHMbrAnfl pacqeTa rAe
    ocaJI,oKTex coopyxeHnfi, Axfl KOTOpbTXBbrnoJrHfleTcf He- etl-ezi
    paBeHcTBo: al: .
    (5-18)
    qzI
    ,

    Eri-xoaSSllunenr uopucrocru paccMarpuBaeMoro


    ,c,rofl rpyHTa, coorBercrnyrculnfiycJroBuflMero
    nqe b - rnupr.r,HanoAotxBbr coopyx(eulls; ECTECTBEHHO.NO SAJICTAHHff ;
    /t - loaulnua cxuMaeMoro cJrofl rpy,HTa. ezi-xos$snuuenr nopHcTocTH rpyHTa, .o,ilpe,4ene,H-
    uuri npu yBeJHr{eHHHHarpy3Ku, coorB€TcrByro-
    ilrefi Eri, Ha BeJIr.IrIHHy
    cxffiMalotrlero Hanpfl-
    2. MetoA cyMMHpoBaHHfl 4e$oprvraunfi xeHHff 6zii
    azi- BeJTHTIHHa C){nMaloqefo HarrprrxeHHfl B qeHTpe
    Ec;ru cra.nunnfi rpyHT 3aJrefaer 6o.nee ray6oxo, qeM B Tq)K€CTH SJIEME.HTA.
    IIpeAbrAyueM cJryqae, To Henocp€AcTBeFIHoe npHMeHeHIle
    Sopney.n.nnnetisoft 3aAaqu .uae, 6o.nbuue pacxo)I(AeHnr c B.elnquua uo.nuofi ocaAKH B 3ToM cJrfrae oilpe.leJu{Tct
    no Qoptrryue:
    n
    atozi
    s: Ii ! ' ol *. e r ; (5-re)
    i:l

    6) Onpedetteuue de$opttaupu aneJweHra c Aqerotw


    6CeX rpex Ko.til,noHeHTogHop.lwal,bHbtx
    HLnpffitceuuil (or. oy, ox)

    Ans coo,pyx<enufi,paocMarpllBaeMbrx
    B pa3pe3orrpo-
    saAaqH,BepruKanbHyro
    crpaHcrBeHHofi 4e$opMaqnloKax(-
    AOI.O gJreMeHTaMOX(HOOnp€IeJIfiTb C yqeTOM BCeX TpeX
    HopMaJrbHbrxHanpRxeuufi,,ueficr'nyrcIlrux B qeJITpe rl)Ke-
    c r u o r r e M e H r a( c u . [ l ] ) :

    ozi-*(c*i{oy;) eti- eti


    (5-20)
    6.r;*oni]-c2i 1*tri'

    rAe pt- x.oo{r$rqxeHr 6oxoeoro pacllnpeHuff nJrfl AaH-


    Holo rpyHTa. Octa.nlssre BeJILIqHHbI y)Ke onpe-
    .ICJICHbI BbIUIE.
    @ue.5-11
    B c.nyuae nlocxofi ae$opt"rauun Qoptrly.na ynpoluaerc'fl,
    1211 KOK ox MOXeT 6Urr Bblpax(eHo qep€3 6y H oz I{3
    gtou cryqae noJIHaff ocallKa ycJloBr,rs paBegcrBa Hynlo cocrsBr'telourefi aeQopMaquu no
    $axrzvecKnMl{ oca.ILKaMH.B ocrr x:'
    xaxofi-.nrn6oToqKH Harpyx€Huofi uoaepxHocrn onpeAeJlner-
    cr cyMMHpoBaHH€Mae$opuaunfi oraenbHbrx SJIeMeHToB l(l -p) ozi- Iloyrl -'1i---2L
    hi eepruri.nuHofi npH3Mbl rpyHra rIoA paccMarpusaeMofi Lhi:f (5-21)
    roqr*oi (Ssr. 5-11) no QopuY.ne: *. oni * ozi 1*erl

    n
    f-t
    5 - )r\,hi, (5-16) 6) Cnoco1BHOC
    i:l flp,elnolaraercfl, qro paccMarpHsaelvlutfigneMeHT rpyH-
    Ta Haxo,a,uTcrr B yc,'IoBHsxcso5olHoro,6orosoro pacunpe-
    rAe L hi- a6,coarctgoe cxarl'Ie B crr or.(eJlbH'0ro3neMeu- HHq, T. e. qTO oyi H oxi p a B H b lH y J I I O .
    ra sePruxaanHofi ttPH3MblrPYHra; 3aancuMocrr u6xly H a n p s x e H H r M HH . l e Q o p u a u n f l M u
    hi - Bblc,ora B cJtr pa'ccMarpHBaeMof'oSJreMeHTa- npHHHMaercrl.nHHefiHoft,orKyna tnfl BeJIHqHHbI a6co.nrcr-
    Horo cx(arns 3JleMeHTarpyHra rloryqeua Qopttly.na:
    a) Onpe)eneHue de$opnat4uu enetileHra
    no $opnyne rtuHertHofisadazu Lhi:or?r, (5-221

    flpeAno.naran, qro ota.e"nusuft 3JIeMeHTHaxonrTcfl B,


    Hanpflx{euHoro cocroqHufl, 6es Bo3'
    ycnoBHflx o.1Hopo,u,Hot'o rAe hi- Bblcora paccMarpuBa€MoroeJIeMeHTarpynTa;
    Mo)KHocrH 6orosoro pac[IHp'eHutl, Moxuo orlp€AeJlurb: 6zi - CpeAHeeC}KHMaIOuIeeHanpt:XeHHe.nAg 3IeMeH'
    TA;
    Lhi:hr#r; (5-17) Ecl - MOIynb cx(HMa'eMocTH,Onpe.r,e.rlgeuufttro AaH'
    HblM npo6uux HarPY3oK.
    TJIABA nflTAtI. PACTIET OCAEOK THA?OTEXHHVECKHX COO?Y)KEHHH HA CBtrsHbrx fpyHTAX
    - 269
    floanaq ocaAKa onpeAennrcr Qopuyaofi: f - xo:QQHr{HeHr, easucsuufi or ornocnre.nusofi
    n T
    ruII{Ebr pacqeTHofo upEMoyfoJrbHHKa n oT
    s : -I n ,L o?i ' 6-nl
    t
    h
    i:l orHocureJrruofi r.ny6HHbr clKuMaeMofi ronutx
    ;
    M"lyro cx(HMaeMocTr.rEo, asa.roraqHur.i M,oAy.np Hop- ocuoBauurr, Baa.ar rpaQuxou (Qur. 5-12);
    uaasuofi yupyrocru AJrfl TBepAblx reJr, Ho xapaKrepn3ylo- I- a6conrorHarr AJrvHa pacqerHoro npflMoyroJlbHuKa
    qufi o6uryro aeQopMa[Hro rpylrra, a He ee ynpyryro sacrb, B Crl;
    M.ox(HoonpeAenuTb H npn noMouIH Kor\{npeccu,otruoftr<plr- h- a6cottrornaff my6una cxr{r{aeMoro cJrofl rpy,rrra
    nori uo Sopr'ay.ne: B CTt.

    r fl(l+',) Ec.rrprroqKa, oca.qKa xoropofi oilpegeflqer€q, pa,c{r,o.rrox<e-


    L 0 -
    , (5-24) Ha Ha nepHMerpe HJrHBHyrpH HarpyxrcHHoro$yHAaMeHra,
    &
    TO 'ee cJre4yeT paccMaTpHBaTb KaK yrnoByro TOqKy He-
    GplrqeM 4 H e I OIIp,0.[,eJIeIIbIBblIU,e, a cKoJrbKHx pacuerHsrx npflMoyroJrbHllKoBu o6utyro oca"(Ky
    I (1 - € o )(l* 2 Eo ) ofl pe.4eJIHTbcyMMHpoBaHHeM.
    ^
    '
    p : -
    '
    l*€o
    4. MeroA sKBHBaJIeHTHoTo cfloc rpyHTar
    r.ae Eo- xoa@@uqaeur 6oroeoro AaBJreHHflrpyHra B co-
    CTOfl,HHII TIOKOfl. Melol gKBHBaJIeHTHoTo cJl,ofi co,croxT B ToM, r{To,BMecro
    oca.uKr{ Qyu4aueura, LIMelouler,osa/laIIHble pa3MepbI, olt-
    peAeJrfleTcspaBHoBerHKaq ocaAKa cJIofl IpyHTa, HaxoAq-
    3. MeroA yrJroBbrxroqeK urefocg B ycJroBHsx paBHoMepnoro clKaTHn 6es Bo3Mox-
    - Sruu MeroAoM MolKHo ,troJrb3oBarberrrns onpeAereHlrq Hocru 6oroeoro pacuJHpeHHx.
    3rnlr caMbrM rrpocrpaHcrBeHHangaAaqa cB'oAHTcfi K
    noauofi ocaAKH B cryqae [pocrpaHcrseHHofi 14 urocKofi oAHopa3Mepuofi, qro oco6eHuo Bax(Ho npl,t ofiperenenlln
    3?A?s (cu. Fl). [poTeKaHHfl oca,4KHBO BpeMeHH,TaK KaK E gTOM CJIyqae
    OcaAxa yr"nonoli TorrKH npffM'oyroJrbHororz6xoro Syn- perxeHHeMoxer 6sIrl npeAcraBneno B 3aMKnyroit Sopue.
    .{,aMeHTa,Harpyx<eHHoro panHoltepuoft narpyexofi, M,oxer
    Surr BbrqucJreuano SopMyne:
    Ta1ttrtua 5-6
    (5-25) 3HaqeHHq roeQSuqueHra <oo

    tae b - IrrHp'HHa pacrrerHoro npfiMoyroJrbHl,rKa B cil; 3HaqenHq xoaQ$uulreHra to. ,tt.Ilf,


    p - pacqerHafi paBHoMepHaEHarpysKa B rczfcn?; I oflpeteJeHllg ocaJLKH
    E - r'roayJrb c)r{LlMa,eMocrrrrpyHTa ocnoBanuq e rcefc.ruz;
    Qopva sarpyxeuuoft
    f nnourajlH
    1,0
    I
    ?
    Q:8
    ll
    *i<

    /
    2
    3€
    >
    NLo
    fl'

    \?
    W =U-uJ

    t-
    Kpy.

    K e a A p a ra

    ilpnuoyroJIbHIr KH:
    _
    L

    _--_
    b
    I
    I ,00

    l,l2
    0,85

    0,95
    0,79

    0 ,B g

    a: 1,5 1, 3 6 l,l5 I ,08


    /, A : 2 I ,53 1,30 1,22

    I Z : 3 | ,78 1,53 l,M


    Nl.6

    l : 4 1,96 1,70 I ,61


    3,rl q : 5 2,10 1, 8 3 1,72
    / e.:6 2,23 1, 9 6
    e : 7 2,33 2,04

    4(
    I Z : 8
    ^ - a
    ) d ,

    2.49
    2,r2
    2,I9
    2,r2
    I e:10
    r :20
    2,53
    2,95
    2,25
    2,64
    o:30 o ,26 2,88
    z:40 3,42 3,07
    a :50 3,54 3,22
    /2 vot c: 100 4,00 3,69
    @uz. 5-12. I-pa$urc dttn eoruucneHuflocadorc
    n od , z u1r c oilf iain o n e p ru o rtn a z p y s rc o i lp, a c -
    npedettenruo d no npfr.iltoy?ortbHuKy rflyHxr 4 n 5 noa,po6nee cu. [10].
    PA3,qEJI NEPBbI rt. OEATH H
    270

    Hcnoarayfl perrreurrfiMareMaruqecxofir€oprr yrrpyrocru,


    noKa3aTb,qTo ocalKa ynpyfofo c,rofl rpyHra npu
    M,O}I(HO
    paBHoMepHoMcxarau 6es Bo3Mox(Hocrn
    ero 6orio-
    Boro pacuupennr, roJnrtHHaKoroporo onpe4e"rfeua no Sop_
    MYJIC:

    hs:ff,,, (s-26)

    lrae .p - rcos0SruueHr6oroeoro pacuupeHrrs;b - usupu-


    Ha $yu4auenra (F Kpyra-aaar,rerp);,i_xoe$$n_
    uHeHT, saeucsu1fifi"or Sopruu, pasMepoB H xecrKocrn
    Qyu4aueura (cna.ra6.n.!-01], paanoneJrHKa oca4KepaB-
    HarpyxeHHoro$yn4anaeurasa.qaHubrx pagMepoB
    l{_oYepHo
    H QopMhrHa ynpyfoM MaccHBe.

    OrcrcAa cJreAyer,qro ocaAry Syu4aM€HTaHa oAHopoA_


    rIoM cJroeMoxno orrpeneJrnrsuo SopMyJre:
    a

    aP
    S : l z ^o l * . , (5-27)
    @ue. 1-lJ

    6) cpe)Hee sHatteHuercneQQuque,ranopucrocru
    5. Pacqer ocaAoK
    B Cfiyqae HeoAHopoAHbrx rpyHroB Cpe4uee BHaqeHI{eroeQsnrmenra floprncrocrg ffipe1e-
    /rflercff no Sopuy.ne:
    VxasanHue Bhrrle Mero,[bl Mo]r(Ho npHMeHHTb t4 B
    cJryqae HeoAHopoAHoro (c.rroacroro) n
    ocHoBaHufl, ecJrn
    Hcnonb3oBarb cnoco6 <[pHBeAeHHff rpyHTa K oAHopoA- 2nt
    HOMy>. l-- |

    flpu oroM rpynr na Bcro ray6rEnyaxflieuofi sonbr sa-. €m:-;--._=--1, (5-29)


    MeHfleTCgoAHOpoAHbIM,CX{HMaeM,OCTb, BOAOflpOHI{qaeMOCTb
    H [opr{crocr6 Koroporo paBHbr cyuuapuofi cpeaHefi cx<n- Tft;
    - l t s i
    Mae[tocTH,'BOAOIpOHHIIaeMOCTH Lr ;IIOprdCTOcrH
    HeoIHOpoA_ i:l
    nofo rpyHTa.
    ,rc T, _- TOJIIIIHHA OT.(EJIbHOTOCJIOfl;
    Ei - xoeS$aqueHT nopscrocTr.r orAenbHoro cJros.
    a) CpedHee sHa.qeHuercoe$$uqueHra AnnorueHun n
    Tax xar .E hi - H - rroJrHaff Bbrcora pacculrpusaea,rofi
    <D,opuy.rryAnff ocaIKH
    Syn4arraeura B ycJroBr{ffx oAHo- i:t
    n
    pasuepuofi 3aAaqu S:ft
    ^ tvroxrtto sa,nucarb B BHAe:
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    fr h;
    :Ho - npr{BeAeHHaq Todrrrlr{Ha,
    /r7 -
    It+.'
    ro Sopruy.ua Errfr Em lpttrrMaer BI{A:
    H-Ho
    c -
    (5-29')
    Ho
    Oopuyna _4.nn emnoJryqeHa us yqrroBHs, qro o6reu
    cK€Jr'era ecefi roailln rpyHToB paBen cyMMe o6reMoB cxe-
    JIeTa oTAeJrbHbIXcJIOeB.
    (5-28)
    e) CpedHee sHaqeHuercoeQSuqueHraQunorpat4uu
    rne 2h - r.ny6uua axruuHori 3oHbt;
    h i- TonurnHa orAenbHcro cJrofl;
    Cpe.qnee sHaqeaHe rossduqueura Su.nlrpaqus onpele-
    aoi -drpHBeleHutrfi xoesouqneur ynnoTHeHHfforAeJrb_
    rqercq no $oplry.ne:
    HOfo cJlofl;
    zi - paccroflHHo oT TorIKH, coorBercrayroureri r.rry6u_
    frm: --_ -,
    r l H
    ge 2lt,, ro ceperuHbr paocMarpuBaeMoFo .c-[os (5-30)
    ( S u r .S - t B ) .
    Ooprvryaa 3Ta nonyq,eHau3 y,cr'roBHr,rITo ,[oJIHafl o,caAKa
    i,,
    acefi cxarofi ToJrrqu rpyHToB paBHa cyMMe oca4oK or- Zu'
    AeJrbHbrxcJroeBrpyHTa. Suropa ynJlorHflroulHx AaBJregHitc rne H - MourHocrr scefi ro.nului
    uptr6;tuxeHHeMnpeAcraBneHaB BHAe rpeyroJrbuHKac Bbr- k,1- xog$0nul'Ieur Su.nrrpaurn orrerrbr{oFocJrofl;
    corofi, panxofi r.ny6une axrseuofi souw'2h. It t -ToJur1uf,a orAeJrbnoro cJros.

    *-- .--+
    TJIABA NflTAfl. PACI]ET OCAAOK rHil,POTEXHHITECKHX COOPY)KEHHN HA CBflsHbIX TPYHTAX
    271
    Qoprrly.rra nJrr /(ro nolyqega H3 ygrroBnrr, qro rroreprl ur{u, n J[ilub nocJre BBe,IeHr,rfiFqqa ynpoularcqirx npeA-
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    PASNEJI NEPBbIN. OEAHf,
    272
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    $oprtryraun, cIIHTas, qro ToJIIITHHapacqerHoro cJlor B 2
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    273
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    PAsNEE NBPBHN. OEUTIN
    274

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    275

    Sopuyla rJIr Berltqltgbr uoagoft ocaAKHocrauerte npex- flp,u 4pyeropouuefi Quatrpaul{tr s/ cxe.4yer onpeAenf,rb
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    EuqecKnx coopyr(eH[ft. I-eotexnHqecKue pacqerH ocHoBanufi, Ctpofi- c n a l o f i B n a x H o c r b r o , x y p H a n , [ - n a , p o r e x n u q e c K o ec r p o n t e t b c r B o -
    Hsaar, 19{1. J€ I 1950.
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    3. I-op6ynos-floca.u,os M. H., Ocaarn rpyua.auenroB-_Hg cnoe rpyura' Ng 7, 1949.
    noJlcrHJIaeMoM cKaJIbHbIM ocHoBaIilteu, Crpoftugaat' 1946'
    9. <DaopuuB. A., Teopnr l/rIJIorH€HHrt3eMrIflHtIxMacc, Crpofiuslar
    4. Eropoe K. E.. Merolu oacqera KoneqHbrx ocailoK SyraaueHron, 1948.
    edopuur-rpyAoB HhH ocnosaHuir u Qyuaaueuroa l€ 13, Maurcrpofi-
    Hsaar, 1949. 10. LlurosHu H. A., Mexasura rpynroB, Foccrpoftuea*n,1951.
    5. Macaoe B. H., K ynaornentllo rnaHltcrblx rpyHToB Bo apeMegnt
    x y-6.
    pHan ,fnrporexnxqecxoe crpourenbcreo" N 10. 1951. 1 1 . 9 e p n o r p r . u , c r u i r8 . , P a c v e r o c a l o K r n r , p o r e x n x q e c K u xc o o p y x ( e
    MacJros FI. H., flpnrla.u,Har MexaHlIKa rpyHToB, Maulcrpofiusrar' r n f r c y u e r o v n l a s a p a 6 o r , x y p u a . r . F n a , p o r e x n a r { e c K o ec r p o u T e t b
    t9 49. crno' ]€ 2. 1937.

    l8*
    rJIA B A A E C T A ' I
    CTPOHTEJIbCTBE
    MATEPHAJIbI,[IPHMEH'IEMbIEB I-HnpOTEXHHqECKOM

    6-A. OEUII'IE CBEAEHH'I


    B.naxuoctt (Bononoraoqesue),uo o6texy:
    6_I. OCHOBHbIE OIT3HKC.MEXAHHqECKHT
    CB O A C T B A MA T EP H A J IOB
    vo6:Tloo [r o/ol,' (6-6)

    l) VAelururfi Bec ( fy ) - Bec (G) erHHI{Irbr. o6reua ( 6- 7 )


    Wo6: V"ec 1o'
    U;\ u6.onot"o llrlornoio rtaatepvaila (6es nop):

    G (6-l)
    ,, : t f z , t c n , ,r c z l u 3 ,m ! u ' l '

    o6l-
    ,II,ns onpeAeJI€HIlf raK Ha3blBaeMono a6co'npruoro
    eia Vo nbpr'rctoro MarepllaJla nucyureHustfi Mar€puaJl

    TOJrrrlEHa o6paaua ycTaHaBJrHBaeTCfl yCJIOBII_OB 3aBHCIIMO-


    cru ,or ('cu. ucnutairne 6elona' |OCT
    4800-49).""r.p"unl
    8) TeflflonpoBoAnocrb - cnoco6nocrs Marepaana nepe-
    BCCOM BOAbI.
    'tl^"6e;;*""-o"t"nt^*..-[-ru
    V]I.CJIbHbIM .[aBarb TeIIJI'oq€pe3 to.nulY ot oAHofi ceoeft noBepxHocru
    ) - eec eAHHI{IrbIo6renaa (y) r apyrofi.
    cocroqnlrH (c nopa- - KoJIlIqscTBo
    Mar€pHaJIa, B3flToro B ecrecrBenlt'oM gq;aH'rla H3MepeHlrfl TeIIJIa - Kanop's
    -eo'[H
    uu): r"n.ill i.rpe6'noro 'qrlfl Ha,rpeBaHl{a I a Ha loc'
    (rcrcan).
    G B,orsuras *un,oitoi:i OOO'rcan:l KIIJIoKanopnr - co'oTBeT-
    T o: * , z l u 3 ,ml u " l .
    [z i c tv ty rc (6-2) Mexauuqecrcnfi gKBHBSa'r€[IT ten.na- I KKAJ|,
    v
    3)lhornocrtMaTepnana(p)-cTe[eHb3anoJIHeHI,tf,
    ero o6telra rEep.,ILbIMBeIIrecrBoM:

    p: &'ly 10 0 [n n p o rre H ra xn o n e c y ]. (6-3)

    . Q D uaczPadl' ( 6- 8)
    4) Ilopncrocrr Marepuana-(n) -crerenb saflorlHeHur l,:
    7fir"1,
    lrcrcsnlu
    o6teUa rUarepuaaanopartan.fI6 eeILIqHHenop'cTocin Rs-
    ulorHocrlt ilo I u'rrn lo 1000/o:
    JIf,€TcsAouoJIHeHlIeM Koe$tpuunentTe[JIonpoBoAHo'crRnJIorEbIxMarepHanoB a
    y'BeJII{tII{BaeTCfl IIo M€pe IIOBbIIII-eHHflyAeJIbHOfO Beca'
    'lo O6leuRoro Beca' E I'I'Meer
    fl: | - v t J r Yt t : ]v-Tt roo[n %1. (o-4) noptlctux - IIpH troBbIileHI{H
    cJIeAyIOUlUe sHaqeHl',Ifl :
    ry
    Y
    Ty
    opraHnrrecKne M a repuaJlbt ' 0,25-0'35
    M H H e p a n b H b I Marepnanbl auopSHue
    e 0'5-l
    5) B.nax<Hocrr (no.4onornouleHl{e) - (W) - creneHb 3a-
    flo rlrHgepanbnble MaTepHanbl KpHcranJIH-
    [oJIHeHHrr o6teva MarepuaJla BoAoft; oilperenflercn qecK,e 2,9^ 6
    pa3HocTH BecoB o6pasqa MarepHaJra, HaCbIIIIeHHO|O BOd.OfI
    -(Gr) crarrb 5q
    LI cyxoro (G), 'e npoqeHrax oT Beca cyxoro Mare- 3oo
    Merr.b
    ' nana (G) nan o6teua (Y).
    p
    Baax<xoctt (eoronorrouenne) no B€cy lloruIourarb
    9) TenaoeMKocrb - ceoficrno Marepl{anoB
    upfl HarpeBaHHIt O[peAeJIeHnoe KonHrlecrBo renJla; r'oaQ-
    (6-5)
    1 0 0[ s % l
    lTeec -
    tit - Kor'sesmo rerlna (Q)'
    Snunenr *noouJ*6.rn_-_-
    B THAPOTEXHHqECROM CTPOHTEJIbCTBE
    rJI ABA MECTAfl . IYIATEPHAJI hI. TIPHMEHflEMHE 277

    Heo6xoAlrMono nnfl flarp€Banl{fl Marepuaxa BecoM G B l2) Mopolocrofixocrb - cnoco6nocru HacbluleHHoro Eo-
    I rz sa loc. flpu G:L rce, tr-tz:loC, Aoft uarepnaJla BbIAepxHBarb MHoroKparHoeE nonepeMeH-
    c:e; / HOe 3aMopaxHBaHl',te H oTTaHBaHHe-
    flpovuocrb Mopo3ocrofixo,r.oMaTepHana nocJro HcnbITa-
    Q: cG (tt- tr); (6-e) HHrr He .u.o.IIxHanounxarbcn 6o.nee qeru na 25% npn or-
    cyrcrBHn BH.TIHMbIX npH3HaKoB pa3pylueHuff. florcpa o ae-
    0 t ( 6- l 0 )
    t: zPadl' .e uo*"" 6urt ne 6oaee 5o/0.
    offirP<teanln
    l0). KossQuqxeut .nnHefisoro pacuupenHfl a - orHo- 6--2. OIPEAEJIEHHE yAEJIbHOTO BECA
    ureuue IIpHpaur€HHff IJIHHbI npn HarpeBaHHIt Ha l"C (NJIOTHOCTH) XHAKOCTEfl
    (A
    ' t0) r riep'aoHaqanuuofi anuge (/o)-
    Arinua reaa npa ero HarpeBaHHI4c reMJleparypbl lr .["o vaelunsrfi Bec (naornocrs) xnAxocrefi o[peAeJIfleTce
    /3 orpeJI€Jrfl€Tcfi no $opuyle: aDeoMerpoM.Ilepeso.4 noKa3auuft n.no'rHocrlt B rpalycax
    l:lo(laal), (6- 1l) Beo npu' t:12,5 8 3HaqeHHeyA€JIbHoroBeca (unoruocru)
    IIo apeoi\teTpy npou3BotrHTcfl:
    rAo l: (tz-tr\. a) a.irq xHrKocrefi rsx'enee Bo.{,bI
    I I ) Koe$$uquenr o6leuHoro pacuupennn ( P ) onpeAe-
    rqeT yBenuqeHue o6leua
    Ha loC:
    reJla npn el'o HarpeBaHHL
    Ty:ffi51 ' (6-14)

    V : V , t( 1 + p l ) , (6- 12)
    6) nns xllAKoclefi rerqe tsor,bl
    rae V - KoH,esnutfto6teu; 145,88
    Vo - HaqaJIbHbIfio6lerrr; Tv: (l4bFTD' (6-15)
    I - npllpaueHl'Ie TeMfleparypbl B rPaa:
    3aeHcutrocir r,lexly o6rcrtaurlll u anneftxuru rcoe$'Qn- - nJIoTHOCTb }I{II.q,KOCTH no ap€o-
    : fAe 1y- coorB€TCTByIOqI,afl
    trueHTaMH pa,curHp€Hllff
    MerPYv efcus'
    ?:3o. (6-13) n - qpIcJIorPa4YcosBeo'

    6_3. O P HE H T I{ P O B O T IH b IROE b ET Y IH bINB E C T J I A B H E a t U H X C T P o H T E J I b H b T X I K A T E P H A J I o B


    Tadauqa 6-l

    yKa3aHHeMAonycruuofi Hatpy3Ktr
    o6teunsre Beca r{asnefiunx cTpo[TeJIbHbIXMaTepnanoB H no.ny$a6puKaroB c
    Ha TpaHcnopTHHecpe.(crBa

    OpNeutuPo- (u
    BOqHas Ha- a
    G)
    rpy3Ka

    O6reuHufi sec , l s ' a HauMeHoealrHe MarePHaroB


    1L

    i{t Hanuenonanne HarepnaloB s ,czlxg .Eal=9F


    (!
    6 +
    116
    Eo. 9R I c*X
    s
    :c o)
    E_>
    F, d) B?IHg;
    ( d ! i
    l o Q E
    d

    I 100 fi,eroru(clao.ua
    xulran) 940
    AcQalnt B unHTKax 43

    ,fl,epunuu : . 1 400 212


    aJrJtoHbI .[,nfl KHCIOpO-
    s,a (50 z) 90
    )Ke.reso6eronEbte H3Ae-
    IHA .
    2 400 113
    Ka-
    Eetou c rpaBHeMHJIH
    MeHsbIMue6ueu . . 2 200-2 500
    3erurr pacruTenbnaficY- 14
    xafl I 200-1400 2
    IIre6-
    Eeron c KuPnHqHbIM
    li'
    I 800-2 000 900-1lcO 2 , 5 18
    n- HEM
    Hssecrr Herauenafl .
    Eerou ruraronnfi 1 4 0 0 - 16 0 0 500-600
    [4ssecrr-trYrrogra
    Bnryu B Kycxax 1000 3,0 20 I 400
    klgsecrroBoe recro
    Hnc crponreassuft (ale- H geecrH R rH 2 300-3 100
    6act p) 900-1 100 2 , 7 18
    Karriest 6yronufi l 600
    JrHrraKHpnHqHasB pblx-
    JtoMcocTofHHI{. .. I 500 2 l4 Kar'reuruocrosoft 6pyc-
    qATKA 2700
    panufi I 500- 1700 1 r 8 1 2
    paHuTBUaccl{BaxHB
    o6pa6orauH btx tlJtHrKax 2 700-3 000
    : f E - -

    PASEEJI .IEPB6IH. O6UHR


    278_
    IIpodontrercue ma6.,t. 6-I
    Opuen'rupo- 0pueurupo-
    / BOr{Hafl Ha- BOqHac Hit-
    rpysKa rpysKa
    O6reMnuft sec O6reunufi aec ! t , a
    Haur,tenosaHHe MarepHanoB d t s Kzl.tt:r \O_ =
    I { a H M e H o e a H H eM a r e p n a r o B ( ! =
    t1 6
    s ,@ltg
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    =9F
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    =cL S oE EB >^\
    :EO oi: o O t'5e)
    E3 F
    r0=
    6 q
    d o 6 , E3 F
    <!< F[E
    Kauult ulnaKo6eror{Hble I - l e c q a u u r B M a c c n B e. 1y3 2 200-2700
    cnnoll]Hble B rlraoenqx f,43 I 200-1 500 2 , 0 l 6 - l
    I 000 PaxyrueuHux. t
    I 000-1 500 , t4
    Knpnnv KpacHblfi IIIT. 3 350-3 750 0 , 9 5 Pacrnopur Ha rlecKe n 2 000-2 200
    Kupnnu cl,rirHKarnufi(us- Ha [rJIaKe . . I 500-l 800
    B e c r K o e o -n e c q aHb l f i ) To xe 3 700 0 , 8 ?
    rJ " I

    I
    KnpnuuHufi ueSenl -rt3 I 200-l 350 9 9 t5 Py6epou4 (pyirox 20 -ttz) pyJroH l7-30
    ec Kpyrnblfi xBofiHblfi Torr rroAKnaAouumfi(py-
    cbrpofi 750 4 26 To xe
    nor 20 ,wz) . ! 1-le
    JIec xsoiiHblfi nonycyxoft 700 4 , 5 28 To.nr-xpou e.nnn u fi (py.rron
    senocpeAcTBeHHO 20 -+t?l . a ll-16
    " 800-850 3 5 23
    I43 BOAbI. TopQ B KycKax nonycy-
    xofi Jw7 500-600 4,5 24
    900-1 000 23
    Xeopocr (aerrn) nucr-
    BCHHbII? ) 250 6
    600 5 , 0 33 I-leueHr poccblnblo . 1200-1 400 2 , 3 l5
    JIec nslenufi ay6cnutfi lllu$ep KcKyccrBennstft
    rroJtyc-Yxofi. 650 3 . 5 23 -frtz 8- 10
    {erepHnr)
    Mer uolorbtfi B Kynnx II[e6ess ecrecrBeHHoro
    H MCIlIKAX I 200 2 , 5 16 riarnuh rBepAofi nopo-
    HaBa- A h I ; . 143 1 700-1 860
    Crunrir ApeBecHbIe
    JIO I,I r50-200 4r5
    UIe6eHr cpeAueft ilpoq-'
    HOCTH : . I 600
    IIe r n K y c K ax( x au e u u o - n

    yro.nsHurfi) 900-1 200 J 20 ilIe6eHs Msrrofi flopoAbr 1 450


    ; LUaax Aoueusufi rpaHy-
    fiepranuir (pyrou 2A]t2) pynoH 7-19 nHpoBaHHHfi . . 600 3 l5
    fi e cor ' r opHnf i u p e u u o fi f,43 I 500-1 700 1 , 8 1 2 LUaax 'xoreltsrtfi 800 3 15
    , ur axosbrfi 800 3 , 5 20

    6- E. CTAJTb14 qyryH AJIff THAPOTEXHHTIECKO|O CTPOHTEJIbCTBA


    vt H3AEllrlfl r43 HHX
    6- 4. CT A J Ib AJ tfl KOH C T P y K U Hn Krr MapKr.r Cr. 3, MexaHHrIecKEe H KpeEe)KHbIe AeraJIH -
    n3 crarruMapoKC t.3, C t.4 u C r. 5 (| OC T 3 80- 5q) , jlq-
    !,an crarbHbIX xoncrpyxquft npnMeHntoT Mapr€HoBcKHe, rble Aeranu- H3 cranbHoro JIHrbq MapoK 15-4022,
    6ecceuepoBcKfie v TolIacoBcKHe craJIlI, yAotsJIerBopqrculue 15-4028u' 35-5015 c o6xurou orrItB K H ([OCT 977- 4ll-
    rpe6onaHuql'{ |OCT 380-50 tt 536-41; anq cBapHblx KoHcr- ,4"rq MerannHqecKHx ;gKpdHoB rL'IorHH peKoNleH.r.yercn
    pyxuufi craJIH Aox)KHbI y.a,oBrerBopqrb AonoJIHHTeJIbH'o M e A I t C T a q H X p O M O M e , l l e M a p f a H q e B a q J I H C T O B a g c T a J I b , x a -
    tpe6oeaHaflM no coAepx(aunp yrnepoAa, cepbl H $ocQo'pa. paKTepH3yeMafl BbrcoKr.tMH npeAeraMu TeKyqecru v 6oal-
    Koucrpynqnn, noABepx(eHHbteHetrocpeAcrB€HHoM] Bo3- uroft soHo{ n.nacrruHocrn.
    .leficrsHlo AI'IHaMHqecKHx Harpy3oK,'uoJIxHt[ H3roroBJlrrb- PacqerHue xapaKTepucrI,IKH craJIH:
    cfl H3 MaprerloBcKoft craJII'I. a) yAe.nrHufi (o6reuH:stfi) Bec
    Cra.nsHue HanopHble rpy6oilpoBoAbl rlt.[pocrasqNti Aon- .unfl nucToBofi crarln - 8 000:xeltF;
    xllbr H3noroBJrflTbcfl:o6oloqra H Bce pacqerHble SJIeMeH' Arlfi ,IIpyl'Hx BHAoB npbKara - 7 850 rceln?;
    TbI - H3 Map,TeHoBcxofitlpoKarnofi cta.nu cnoxoftHofi nnas- Ol rod$$raunent .trHseftHo,ropacrurp€Erlr - 0;000012.

    fl_
    __
    B T H NPOTEXH H ITECKOM CTPO HT.E.E6CTBE
    r.ilABA frECTAfl. MATEP H AJI H, N P HM E H'I EM bI E 279

    Ta1ttuqa 6-2

    Mexanuqecxre ceofi cr}a,coproeofi n sacounofi cra.rn (no' FOCT 380-50)


    Ornocnre.rsHoe Y,u,nH-
    OrHoctre.lbl{oe Yrnh- flpeaea nPov- flpeael nesxe a %
    Henne s % H O C T Hn p H p a c - TeKyqecrH
    Mapra Tg)KEHHI{ s rcelnxz 6ro
    6ro
    cTatvl e rce1un' HC MEHCE
    HC MCHCC
    HE MEHEC

    22 Cr. 5 50-53 28 t7 2l
    Cr. 0 32-47 t9 18 16 20
    28 33 Cr. 5 ,4-57 28
    Cr . I 32 -40 28 15 l9
    34-42 22 26 3l Cr. 5 58-62
    C"r. 2 Cr. 6 60-63 3l 13 l5
    Cr. 3 38-40 24 23 27 l4
    26 Cr. 6 64-67 3l 12
    Cr. 3 4l-43 24 22 ll 13
    24 2l 2ls Cr. 6 68-72 3l
    Cr . 3 44-47 9 1l
    42-44 26 2l 25 Cr. 7 70-74
    Cr. 4 Cr.7 75-79 8 l0
    Cr. 4 4 5 -4 8 26 20 24 I
    23 Cr. 7 80 n 6o.tee 7
    Cr. 4 49-12 26 18

    npsMeqa|rq.l.onFereteBtrenper€'rarexyqecrttnpox3lorlrrcan,'uapoltCr'O'Cr'2'Cr'3'Cr'4'Ct5tCr'6[orpeooBaHlrro
    aa 3rt6 B xo_
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    na x3rnoHe$cnblruaatorct'
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    n"oa oo'iJ 15 to' ts_cayvae rcnut:nxe
    ""
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    ' f . 6 , . H 6 : - c x M a o , l x p a r H o c r l l o o p a3qa' \ 4 I
    lB

    Ta1tuqa 6-4
    Ta6.urya 6-3

    vrJIepoJlHCTOfrnpyr'rofi saKrenoq- craJIH


    MexaHuqecKue cBoficrga -or *"'*^n""ar*oa cBoficrBa "rrHTottyuIepo^I{croi{
    8 no 40 .MnLBKItrotIHTefibHo
    Hofi craJu AI{aMerPoM (no IOCT 9774r)
    ( n o focT 499-41)
    Mexasnqecrue cBoiicrea

    npenen npoqHo- : O T H O CH T E J Ib H O E '


    flpo6a ua o6Paso- lpynna
    F
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    He l\{eHee
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    3l 0,4 ,1, Ao Auatt'telpa-' 25-4518 45 18


    26 0,5 7l-
    l o
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    AHaN{erpa
    npyrKa 35-5015 50 15

    45-5512 55 t2
    garauroir MApKe cTanH
    fl p u r-l e q a H n a. 1' rlpu coorBercrBuH
    ro'1ol't(Hr€'IlbHbIX pe3Yr'lbT-arax
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    i-npe'u'en npoqHocl}r MoifieT oblTb 55-6010 60 l0
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    nbebluieu ta 2 rcel'u-tt2.
    seruvu:i:lT":XttX"rT-
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    l o)Ker 6utrs nost'lxeHa
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    il'l4auerpa'
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    e z+x
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    4. flp rpe6oaaHHIo 3aKa3qHKa craJIb ;fi ;;;;"-'q;a,p npo'riocrn; uoc'reaHHe
    nitn6ou na 1800 BnnorHyto' 6es onpaaxx "ipeier
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    "toc"i 4 r ra6a'
    5. O-6osHaqeHH€Dro x E6 (cu' npnMeqagne "enr,HOe
    PAS.qEN NEPBHN. OEIWHN
    280
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    20 3,l4 60 2 g, 3 t20 I10,9 Apuarypa fopqr{eKa-
    TAHHAq H3 CTAIH Apllarypa xoJro.rtHocuJrrorueHHasH3
    uapru Cr.5 crarrr.r uapor Cr. 0 n Cr. 3

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    9. Crars 4nn xeJte3o6eroHa pequbrMr.r ae$opMa-
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    Ta6,tuqa 6-15 H M H On e p I I e H I H K y -
    nrrpHbrx HanpaBne-
    Cranr ropnqerarannas.Kpyrraq (no FOCT 2590-51) HUqX
    5

    nJIOllta.llb
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    'l
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    8,0 50,27 0 , 3 9 33 85ir 6 , 7| 16 2,00 1.57 1,67 1, 4 1 I ,78 1,46
    9,0 63,62 0,50 34 908 7, 1 3 l8 2,37 2,42 2,ll I ,78 2,26 1, 8 1
    10,0 79,0 0,62 35 962 7,r0 l9 2,36 2,00 2,5+ 1,92
    ll,0 95 0,75 36 018 7,99
    12.0 l13 0 ,g g 38 134 8,9 20 3,16 2,48 2,61 2,20 2 ,B 0 2,23
    I3.0 133 I ,04 39 19ir g,3g 2l 2,88 2,43 3,08 2,45
    14,0 154 l,2l 40 257 9 ,E 7 22 3,80 2 ,g s 3 ,l 5 2,66 3,37 2,70
    15,0 t77 1,39 42 385 10,8E 23 3,44 2.90
    16,0 201 l ,58 43 452 1 1, 3 9 24 4,5r 3,54 3,75 3,16 3,98 3,20
    1 7, 0 227 1,78 45 590 12,49 25 4,07 3,44 4,32 3,31
    18,0 254 2.00 48 810 14,2r
    19,0 284 2,23 50 l 964 15,41 26 5,35 4,20 4,41 3,72
    20,0 314 2,47 52 2 t24 16,70 27 4,75 4,61
    2290 28 6,26 4,92 5,10 .4,80 5,42 4,12
    2 l. 0 346 , 7 ' 54 17,96
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    fl p u -rre rr a H H q. 1. Aprrarypa nepHo,[t{Llecxoro npoQuJlq H3ro-


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    291

    12. Cxo6ur cTponrerbHHe lllnyuronue cBaHHM€rornpo$nnH (no |OCT 4781-49):


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    Ta1ttuqa 6-20

    CopraxeHr [InyHrosHx csafi KopblrHoro H 3eroBoro npoSu;refi

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    To6ttuqa 6-26

    OcHonsof, copraMeHT nonepeqnux cecennfi nRJIoMarepaaJIoB


    5444-50)
    (no rocT 300845,FOCT 3490-46,roct' 302145,1-OCT

    UJupnua a u-tt

    100 120
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    l9 I 100 120 150 180
    180
    25 100 120 150

    30 100 r20 150 180


    40 50 100 t20 150 180
    60 80 100 r20 150 It0 200 ^
    50
    60 i 60 80 120 150 tE0 200 220

    ]
    70 120 150 180 200
    EO 150 180 200 (240)
    100 150 180 (2401
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    150 180 (200)


    r80 160 200
    200 200 1i+or lzoot
    (260) (280)
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    25 0,300 0,720 0, 7 9 0
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    Ta6ttut4a 6-28

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    nornoIrleHueu 6olee lrSo/o 3ByK npn yAape rpurnyurernulfi

    Bulnerpun[IHecfl nnorHbte H3BeP- ilpnveHeHHe HexenarenbHo flpu vlape .u.aror rayxofi 3ByK H
    xeHHble nopoAbl c BoAorIofJIoIqeHHeM pas6nnanrca Ha Meroqb
    6otee 4%o
    OrnapuonaHHble necqaHHKH I{ flpu y.u,apepacKanbtBalorcfl Ha oc-
    T I J I O T H H EH 3 8 C C T H g K O B b I CI I E C I I A H H K H
    rpoyronbHble K]'cKHrBepAbIeu xpyn-
    c B O A O I O T J I O I 4 e H H e MA O l 9 0
    KHE

    OrpeuHeHHHe Hrrr SIPaMoPoBHA- flpa 1'.rapepacKanblBatorcflwa 2-4


    KpynHbIx KycKa
    HbIe l\tenKoKpHcTaJlJlHqecKI{e H3BeCT-
    H f l K H C B O A O [ O r J I O U 1 e H H e : ! In o 2 %
    2 500 pacnaAarorcr Ha He-
    flpu 1,-.u.ape
    fllornrte H3BecrHflKH c BoAono-
    CKOJIbKO KYCKOB
    r J r o r r r e H r . r e M2 - 5 %
    I{3BecrHflKH c BoAono- 2200 ftpn yaape Aaror r{e.rloqb
    fkorHue
    TJIOUIeHl{er'r .U.OI 0 %

    ynpyrocrH:
    - u r.l e q a H I're. BeanqaHa Mo:lyts
    II p (nPn nPeaele npoqHocrn oxo.qo 1 5@ rce;cte) ro 880 rblc.
    a) rpanuroB H .[pyrnr nJIorHbIX!4s-!gpxexHblxnopol-or 500 ruc. xzlcnz
    rcelcnLlnfin'npe.ue.nenpd,rirocrn oKoJIo 2500 rcelcn2);
    lo 540 ruc. rceicnz (npr npe-
    6) upa.uopos- 600 rwc. xelcuz; H3BecrHflKos ot 180 rHc' rcelcu2(nPu ilPerene npotluocru oxo,'ro 200 xelc.+t2\
    .q,enenpoqnocru oKono | 200xz,tcuz).

    Ta6ttu4a 6-30 Ta6nuqa 6-31


    3aeuculuocrb Melrqu.y o6leuHmu BecoM H nporlnocrbx)
    I.I3BCCTHflKOB
    Onpe4eleHl{e opueHTupoBoqHofi MapKI{ KaMHs
    no rIoKa3areJIsM BoAonorJlouleHuq u o6beMHoro Beca
    O6renuntfi eec B
    OpueHrn- rce\ill oKono
    poBoqHafl
    MapKa
    XAMHq
    llpe.u,eanpoqHocrH
    npH cxaTvv B t{?lCrL2
    Bonee
    no2 .ll.o 3,5 2 500 2 350
    3r5 o 610 2 400 2250
    5 2 350 2200
    " 1 0 2 r50 2 000 Mapxn KaMHefi yKa3bIBaror npeAeJI npottno^cTu
    ^IIPq
    [o 10 , 2 0 .*"tti* o6paston s sule ry6oe pasl\{epaMu 20X20X
    Eoaee l0 Eonee 20 1 900 l 800
    X20 cx- flpaxtnuecru MapKE KaMseft onpeAeJlflIor Ha
    PA3TIEA NEPBHE. OEUHf,
    2s6
    cyxnx o6pasuax, BbrrrHreHHHX
    HB nopoAbrB Br{Ae ry6on Ty MOC 1947 r. (BHHH|, I(upuuvnnre rnAporexHuq€cKHe
    yKa3aHubrxBbrue (HopuarHeHnx)pa3MepoBHnfl MeHb- coopyxeuun).
    f,lHx, A TaK)?(e BbrcBepneHHbrxIlHnHHApHqecKEx xepHo,B B 3aBHcHMocrH or rrpeAeJra upoqHocru npu cxarun
    (d:h:S cu [rpH M,enKo3epHncrbrxcTpo€Hl{nx flopofibr, ruAporexHu.{ecKHfi KHpnHq lroApa3,leJrflrcTHa rrrecrb [ra-
    rIpH np,oqux l0 cn). OpueHTnpoBoqHbre cooruorreHnq poK, yKa3aHHbrxe ra6a. 6-33. Mapr<y Kr,rp[HqaycraHaB-
    ttpoquocru o6paauon, [,GlJrqaeMbre npn HcnbrraHuflx Ky- JIHBanT no peyJrbraraM LlcnbrraHua o6pasuoB Ha c)r(aTHe
    6oe paeubrx pasMepoB,npHBeAeHbrs 'ra6n. 6-32. H trzttl1 B HacbIuIeHHoM s'orofi coc.TorHI{.HB sorBercrBuH
    flerxxe KaMHH c o6reuubrM B,ecoM.u.o I 800 rcefnz *- c |OCT 530-41.
    JlflTcfl no npoqHocru Ha uapxn: 5, 10, 15, 50, 75, 100 u
    '150 ,Bec'o'M6olee
    rce/cnz. Tqx€rHe KaMlrr{ c o6reltnuu Ta6nuqa 6-33
    I 800 rcef-ua HMelor pacqerHhre MapKH: 100, 150, 200, 400,
    600, 800 u I 000 rcelcnz. Maprn KHpnHqa rnAporexHuqecKoro vt npeAenbl
    Creneut Mopo3oc.Tofir<ocrn xau,seli, Tpe6yeMaq B p a 3 - npoqHocrn npH cxaruu H usru6e
    JIHqHbrxycJIoBHffx Hx [pH.MeHeHHrr:5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 100 (no TV MAC 1947 r.)
    n 200 TIHKJToB 3aMopa)r(HBaul{ffI4 orraHBaHl4s.
    Creneur BorocrofiKocrH KaMHefi,o[p'eAerqeMafl B C N H q H - flpe.u.ea npoqHocrlr v rczlctue
    aofi roeQSuqHeura pa3MsrqeHrr, fipnnrtMaercfl:
    a) MeHee 0,60; 6) oT 0,60 ao 0,75; e) or 0,75 ao 0,90; npH cxaTuH npn usru6e
    r) 6oree 0,90.
    Ta6nu4a 6-32
    OpnenrnpoBoqHHe cooTHouleHufl noxagarelefi nporlHocru
    o6paeuon 22 l8
    28 22
    I noo pasMepe rlepexonuufi flpN pasuepe flepex.rlsufi
    xoa$QuuueHr 34 25
    voa B c.*l xoaQQuuneHr KVOa B Cilt
    45 35
    70 50
    4y-4X4 t0xr0xl0 95 90
    5xbxs r 5 xl 5 x l 5
    7x7X7 20x20X20
    Kupunu MapoK 500 ir 700 npnueHnercfl ToJ'IbI(oarrs o6-
    fl p n r.'re ir a u n e. flpu o6pasuax - uHrHHApax nepex,o,nHoft xoa$'
    nHqoBoK rurporexunqecKHX coopyxeutlfi.
    $uunenl npnuuMaercfl .[nr ruaMerpa, paBHoro ctopoue xy6a.
    fn-lporexsuqecxufi KHpnHq noJI)KeH Bbl,[epx(HBarbcJIe-
    floap,o6nue xapaKrepHcrHKH ropHbIX ilopox, (r<;raccxQu- Ayroue€ qHcJto UHIIIIOB3aMOpa)KHBaHUfl- n^pH TeMneparype
    KauHrr, KarefopHfl, Ko3o$Hul4eHr KpenocrH H Ap.) IIpHBe-
    -l5o 6es cHHx'eHLIflnpoqHocrs 6o.nee 25$ E floreplr Be-
    A€Hbr B rJr. 7 uacroru-1ero cnpaBor{HnKa. ca 5o.nee I 0/6:
    Kourponrnure otrpeAeIIeHI{fl conporl{BJIfieMo'crl{cxarulo I ) 30 aailopaxusaHiafi - anfl pafioHoB c rfixsllblMlt
    KJrHr{aTgqecKHMH yCJIoBI{fiMn(npu cpeAHeMecfiqHofiTeM-
    H Mopo3ocrofix.ocrx KalIHs AJIfl Ha6pocHblx II.r'IorHHnpol'I3-
    Bo.fl,rrcr B Ilp,oqecce yK.rIaAKHnpn o6uapyxeuuu npu3Ha- ueparype uan6onee xoJloAHoro Mecflua- 15");
    2) 20 3aMopalKusaHi'lft - AnH pafioaoe co Cp€AHHMH
    trcB H3M.eH€HHfl Kar{ecrBa KaMHfl, Ho He pexe 3 pae nptl -5
    xy6arype ua6pocxr lo 100 000 ,u3, H npl{ yKJIarKe.Kax- KJIHMaTHqecKHMHyqIIOBUfMH (COOreerCrBenHo oT
    qblx 20 000-30 000 ,n3 KaM,Iiq rIpH ry6arype na6pocxr't ao - 1 0 " ) ;
    6o.nee 100 000 .,t23. 3) 15 3aMopalKHsalrHfi--: IIlrfl pafiouon c JIeTKHMHIUIU-
    MarHqecKLIMH ycJloBHflMH(coornercrB€Huo Menee -5t)'
    Cneunartunre tpe6oBaHl{fi K KaMHffM rnfi Ha6pocuux
    sfioruu IIpEBe,[eHbre rr. 23. HcnuraHue rHIpoTexHHqecKofo KHpq{qa __nToH3BOAIlTCt
    B CoorB€TcrBHH C rpe6oBaHHflMH Ty-M3C 1947 t'
    ' O 6 r , e N tKnpnrnt".
    TgHIaHr, coopyxeunr)'
    rn.u,porexnHqecKHe
    6 - I I . K H P N H qT H A P O T E X H H q E C K H H Hsi
    f i B e c K H P n H q H o f ix l a r K H :
    -rfl - 1 800 rczln!;^
    a) cyxofi xxpnltultofi KJIa.u,KIl
    rHAporexuuqecKofo crpol{TeJlbcrBa FIpHMeHflercfl ^^
    6i 'acururennofi eoAofi Knpnuqgofi x.raArn-2000 nziu3-
    --.HqHHfi nHrporexHnqecxufi KI4prli'Iq, H3roroBJIeunufi Me-
    ToAoM tlJlacruqecKo'ro $opuonauux B coorBercrBnll c

    PACTBOPOBH EETOHOB
    6-A. BffXyUHE AJrq TITAPOTEXHHTIECKHX
    Id
    6_12. tI OPTJIAHtrIIEMEHTbI 6) ueMeHTbI c HaIIoJIHHTeT'IflMH (rap6ouarHuf, ueueut
    r. n.);
    iloApa3.4eilslorcff Ha cJle-4,}*lou}re oclloB- 7) qertlesrH C aKTIIBHbIMH ,Uo6aexaMI'I I{ HatrOnH}ITeJIflMIT
    a) I{eueurst
    HbIE BHAbI:
    .
    (rnaporexHuuecxue)
    l) roprrraH.{.ueMeHr(|OCT 970-41); no6atrox
    fI p u r* e q a H u e. B 3aBHCHMOCTI] oT BH.[a IpHIlIeHseMblx
    2\ uellesrsr cneuuaJlbHbte: cy"rruQarocrotirue (|OCT [eMeHTb{ HMel{ylorct: tpeneaunr.rit, neNtgosb{ri' ryQootrii H T' tI'
    2543-51), raMnoHaxHble (|OCT l58l-42), ruApoQo6Hne,
    n.nacruQu{HpoBaHHble, 6elu'e LI uBerHble;
    3) uraaxo-n,oprraHAueMeHr(|OCT 970-al); 6) I{eueuru flo noKa3areJlflM IIpe.[eJIa upotlHocru trpH
    4) ueMeHrbt c aKTHBHbIM[i(rn.lpao.nuvecnnun) a,o6as- cxarul{ o6paeuon H3 pacrBopa c@raBa I :3 .uelsrcs Ha
    KaMrr(focT 970-41); MapKH B pe3ynbrare HcnblraHHfi o6pasuoe H3 xecrKux
    Ao6aeKaMI4cyas6arccrofiKne;
    5) ueMeHrbl c aKTllBHhlnalt rpau6ooaHublx H nJIacrI'IqHbIXpacrBopoB.

    --,- f'4%4
    |JIABA IflECTAfl. MATEPHAJIhI, nPHIvIEHflEMbtE B THAPOTELHHTIECKOM CTPOHTEJIuCTBE
    97
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    nc yKa3aHHfiMra6Jr. 6-34. flpe,leaur npoqnc.
    Taiauqa 6-34 cru pacrnopa l:3
    B rcE Cfi,
    OcHoeHoe AeJreHHeqeMeHToB ^u u^p*r/
    iri
    rrig, HaHueHosaHHe O6rerlHufi sec
    *ii [EMEHTA (puxao HacttnaH-
    w Horo) B Kts1ilg
    ltL Bna ueuenra
    .,8

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    500 a 600 30c n 400 (no IOCT 970- 210 l l l6
    [eueHrn: c y n b Q a r o c r o f i - 2s0.300.400,
    1 0 01. 5 0 , 2 0 0 , -41) t 4 20 I 100-1250
    it 300
    K H e , r u a p o Q o 6 u b r e , n J r a c r u - 500 n 600 3C0s 400 I R 23
    i{l 400
    a)., QuqnponaHHbre 6eaue 500 22 27
    ..*f L U a a x o -n o p r n a H A q e M e H T( c 1 5 02. 0 0 , 2 5 050,
    . 100,150,
    '.!9"
    Tt-.
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    J I f l p O B a H H O TU Or n a K a ) u 500
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    05, 0 . , 100150, Ll euenr c aK - 100 t6
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    MH} 500 BIUqCCKI,IMH lf0 20
    IleueHru c aKTHBHbTMH250.300n 1 0 0 ,1 5 0 , BKaMH
    .u.o6a 220 23
    4 0 6 a B K aM r c y a r S a r o c r o f i K H e 400 200 n 300 300 27
    [euenru c HarroJrHHTeJrfl Mr.r 1 5 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 5 0r , 1 0 0 ,1 5 0 ,
    3 0 0 , 4 0 0u 200, 300
    500
    Ueraesru 50 , 1 0 0 .1 5 0 ,
    c a K T H B H b T M1H5 0 , 2 0 0 , 2 5
    A06aBKaMH H ganonHr.rrersrvr H 300, 400 u 200, 300
    500
    To6ttur4a 6-36
    II p n x e q a H u s. 1. Cyau$atocroftxuir treMeHT .uorxen colrep- [IoxasarerH npoqHocrH il MapKH THApOTeXHHqeCKOTO
    x a r b a K T u B H b r x K p e M H e s e M u c r b r x . u . o 6 a e oorr 5 l o 1 5 % n o B e c y .
    IICMCHTA C AKTHBHbIMH To6ABKAMH H HAflOJIHHTCJIflMH
    2- K.rnHrep, npHMeHrreMbrhrts l,riroroBrenxr cyalsarocroixoro qe-
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    TBoptrb cne.qyrorquM rpe6onaHnuu:
    A l 2 o3 \ t
    a) uuerr rluuo3eMucrnfi uoaylr (orHoneHHe
    F " p-"rro"nn.r,
    , / Mapra
    He MeHe6e) qeMeHTa
    ?'JL* pacqerHoe,corepx(a'He rpexKanbqr{eBo'o
    ( 3 C a O A l 2 O . l ) H e 6 o , r e e8 % .
    3. Hcnurtanne rreMeHroBnpou3Bo.u,Hrcrr no yKasaHHsMIOCT 310-51.

    Tadttuqa 6-35
    200 r 1 0 200 230 18
    250 140 250 300 2r
    OcHosHHe noKa3areJrn nopTxaHAqeMeHToB 300 ti0 300 350 24
    flpeaeru np ,qHo-
    crn pactropa l:3
    B Kelc.u2 Ta6au4a 6-37
    lloxasareflH npoqHocrH H MapKH cy.rru{arupoBaHHblx
    Hauuenosauue O6revHurfi eec
    (puxao HacbrrtaH- Il luJIaKo-noprJlaHAqeMeHroB
    llEMCHTA
    Horol B ,eirLg (no FOC T 2543-51)

    O6reunufi Bec B pHxJo Ha-


    Mapra
    qEMEHTA cbfrtauboM cocrosHHH s Kelus
    flopr.naHnue-
    MeHr( no |O CT
    e70-4t) 190 I 100-1 300
    260
    150 90 10 f lrncoru.naxogutft
    I 00:-l 200
    - 200 ll0 11
    lleuesr cynb-12501 Eecr.nuurepHhIr"I
    Qatocrofir<rafi 1300 I 000--I 2 : 0
    - 250 140 13
    (ro focT 2543-14001 I 100-l 300 LU raxoe uf t
    800-900
    300 t70 l5
    PAs,q,EJr
    nEPBbtn. oEawn
    298
    Ta6nuqa 6-38

    VxaaaHns /tto npHMeHeHHrc qeMeHToB

    Bn,u. [erueHra OcH<lsHoe Ha3Har{eHHe ,[.ouycxaerc t npuMeHflTb He aonycxaerce npHMeHcrr,

    fl o p u aunue- A.rrq 6eroHHblx H xeJle3o6e- ,lI.na crpouTerbHbrx pacrBo- Anq roHcrpyxqnft, rroABep-
    MCHT TOHHbIX HaA3eMHbIX, [oA3eM- p o B . c B B e A e H H e u( n r r g K o H o - rarou{Hxcs nos.u.eficrsxto af -
    Hbrx H iloABoAHbIX KOHCTpyK- uur.r) n3necrr, rJrHHbI, ItpyrHx p e c c n B H b r xB o A 6 e g c n e q p r a a r -
    uHfr, B ToM qHcJIe noll.Bepran- MoJrorblx HanoJlHltrerefi, a Hbrx Mep 3aulHTbr
    il-(Hxcfl nonepeMeHHoMy B03- T a K l K e n o B e p x H o c T H oa K T H B -
    11eficreuto BoAI,I H Mopo3a uux .uo6anor

    Arq 6eroHHstx H xeJle3o- Anq 6eronHux H )KeJIe3o- Ars noscrpyrqufi, se noA-


    6erosuux KoucrpyKtlufi,nor- 6erosurrx roHcrpyrunfi-, roA- BepfaroulHrcff Bo3AeficrBnK)
    BepfaroIIIHXcfl Bo3'treftCTBHIO BepfarorrlHxct Bo3AeHcrBHIo arpeccHBEbrxBo.u,(no eroHo-
    cyauQaturtx BoA rIPH cHcre- cyrnQarHblx BoJl MH qecK H coo6pax(enunm
    M )
    MaTHqecKoM MHoroKpaTHoM
    yBna)r(HeHHH tr BblcblxaHHH
    H n l { 3 a M o p a ) K I T B a H H I ' IH o T T a H -
    BAgT'IH
    II

    Il.eueurnt c aK- ,II,,'rs6erouuutx tr xene30- l. ,II.as 6erossux H xeJle- A.ns xoscrpyxqnfi:


    THBHbTMH 6eroHuux
    (rnn- rloA3eMHblx 14 rIoA- 3O6ETOHHbIX HAA3CMHbIX KOH- l. no.l,Beprarouuxcff 6ucr-
    paBn[rqecrnun).uo- Bo.rI,HbrxKoHcrpyKutlft: roA- crpyrunfi, Haxo.{sluuxcfl B Yc- poMy BbrchrxarrHro
    6aeraMH BepfalouHxcfl Bo3AeHCTBHIO JroBHtx noBbIIueHHofiBnaI(Ho- 2. uo4eepranqnxcr cHcre-
    rrpecHbIX Bo,ll CTH Marr.rqecKoMyMlloFor(parHoMy
    2. nts crpourenbHblx Pac- 3 a M O p a x ( H B a H H nf l O T T a H B a -
    TBOpOB Hr,rrc H.[H yBJraxHeHHro H BbI-
    CbIXAHHIO

    Lleneurst c aK- ,[.rq 6eroHHblx n xe.nego6e- n.ns roncrpyxquft, roABep- B rex rre cryqaflx, qro
    THBHbIMH Ao6as- TOHHbIX IIOA3CMHbIX H NOA- rarc lIlH Kcfl BoS.u,efcTBHIo npec- n cyrnQarocrofircnft qeueHt
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    crofiKr{e BepfaouiHxcF BO3AeLCTB14IO
    cy.irrQarHbIx BoA

    LU.uaxo-nopr- l. n.ns 6erouustx H xeJle- [.nn crponTeJlbIrblx pacrBo-


    naH,u.rIeMeHT so6eroHHbtx HaA3eMHbIx, noA- poB
    3 C M E b I X H N O A B O , I . H b I XK O H C T -
    pyrunfi , roABePFaIou-tHxcff
    sos.u.eftcrBHIo npecHblx BoA
    2. nts 6erosuutx il )fiene-
    go6etosHux ngAelufi, lI3Fo-
    roBirfleMblx c IIponap HBa-
    HI,IEM

    l. .[,.;rs 6etossutx H xere- B rex xe cJlyqaflx' tITo H


    LU.iraxo-nopr- Arg 6etonsL,tx H xene3o-
    cy.rrnQarocrofi rnfi IleMeHr
    cynb-
    raH.rr.rleMeHT 6eronusrx rroA3eMHblx H noA- s o 6 e r o H H b l x H a A 3 e M H b I xK o H -
    Qaroctoftrr'rft BonHbIx xoucrpyrunfi, [o.u.- crpyrunfi
    Beprarcurxch sos'u.eficrnHlo 2. fila crponrenbnux Pac-
    cy.nuQarublx H npecublx BoA TBOpOB
    NPHMEHflEMbIE B TH,O,POTEXHH'TECKOM CTPOH TEJIbCTBE
    TJIABA IIIECTAqI. MATEPHANH' 299
    - 300 s 400
    rJtHHo3eMltcruli c Ha'[oJIHI{TeJIHMH IIeMeHr
    6_13. UE M E H T b I F J IH H O3 E M H C T b IE 200 H 300
    AJtfl r{ecrxHx rparrr6oraHHblx pacrBopoB, 150,
    ( A J IIOMH H A T H b IE ) -arrfl IIJIa'CTHqHblx pacTBopo'B.
    'np"o*u
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    npoqHocrn ,rtpu cxaruu o6paauoeH3 p'acrBopaI : 3 noa- HO HaCTynaTb He paHee 30 MHH., a Kolt€ll cXB'STbIiB?HHf
    pasAeJlfltoTcfiHa MapKH: He llos.nnee 12 ,tac. oT Hal{afla 3arBopeHus'
    rJII{IIoseMHcrbIHIIeMeHr ([OCT 969-41)
    -300, 400' 500
    300, l],eueHrrr TJIHHO3eMHCTbTeCJreAyeT npl{MeHflTb AJIfl 6e-
    pacrBopoB u 200'
    u 600 Anl xecrKl{x rpaM6osauuux H xre.rleso6eroHl{blx xoucrpyruufi, tpeSyrcuux
    roHHblx
    400 u 500 - AJIfl -rIJIacrHqHbIxpacrBopoB;
    --tn""tu.uncrufi ^^^ oco6enso B 3I{MHI{X
    500 BBoAa B 3KctlJlyarauHn'
    aHruApuroe;Ifi qeMeHr- 300' 400' 6ucrporo
    H B rlpyrHx cJlyqaffx B
    150' 200 ycJtoBuflx, xnfl aaaputiuutx pa6y
    u 600 Anfl x(ecr*"* rpurtn6oeaHHrtxpacrBopoB H
    coorBer,crBnl'I c yKa3a'HHflMu ta6n- 6-39'
    300 u 400 arq IIracrHrIHbIx pacrBopoB;

    Ta6.nuqa6-39

    Vraranuc no npHMeHeHHKl TJIHHo3eMI'IcrbIx ueMeHToB

    nPHMeHnrb He .u,onycxaercs[PI'lMeHsrb
    OcnosHoe HSSHaqeHHe !.onycxaercq
    Bur u,etleuta

    .D.rq 6erounutx H AJg roFlctpYruufi, B KoroPblx


    Lleuest rJIHIro3e- A.nn 6eronHblx H xe.nego6eroHHbIx KoH- reMneparypa 6eroHa B Pe3YrIbra-
    mncrufi xoncrpyxuufi c BblcoKoft rrlapxoli xereso6eroHHblx Te BHeIIrHeno reMnepaTypHofo
    uoABeP-
    6erona, noABepranuIHxcfl Bo3,lI.eH- crpyruufr, sogAeficreHg vt TeIJIoBbIAeJIeHI4s
    crBuro cYlr$aruux r1 YrneKHc- rarcuIHXCfl BO3AeU-
    MOXer B npouecce 3arBepAeHHR
    ilblx BOA, A TaK)I(e nOnepel\teH- c T B H I O c e p H H c T b l x rroAHflTbcqnltue 25o (n vacrHo.-
    HOMy BO3LefiCTBI',lnBoAbI H r{o- TA3OB
    crH, B KoHcrPYKuHflx 6o.nluroE
    po3a TonurHHbttt.nu 6o-rtluoro 06beMa)

    B rex xie c.Eyqaflx'


    Il.eMeHr rnHHo3e- A.zs 6eroHnblx I{ xene3o6erou- qTO
    xoncrPYruufi c estcoxoir IA rJIHHO3EMH-
    *rucrntfi aETHAPHTo- Hbrx
    qeilleHr
    estfi rrlaprofi 6erona rpH reMllepary- crutfi
    a
    De- 6eroua B ilPoqecce rBePAe-
    gnq 6oree 25o

    t:' I
    B rex )Ke cnyqatlx' qro 14
    r* H xene3o6e- -
    Ileueurut TJIHHo- .ihs 6erossrtx To xe rnHHO3eMnctufiueMeHT
    C Hanon- roHHbIX KoHcrpyKquft co cpen'Hefi
    3eMHCTbIe
    H Hnsroft MaPKaMH 6eroHa, B To.M
    EHTCIqMH
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    crBHIo cYlsQarublx BoA

    i]'

    ,ffiJ:
    t;r Ta6nuqa 6-40 6-14. UEMEHTbTPACIIIHPflK)uIHECfl
    lk (no TV 66-50n TV 69-50)
    &F,
    f*
    j'i
    llorasareJlrr npoqHocru vt' MapKI{ TJIHHO3CMHCTOTO
    'di-,
    UEMEHTA
    :;
    3ii.

    f.i (no I'OCT 96941)

    lz3 s rcelcn-
    dt' flpe.nea nporrHocrn pacrnopa
    )'i

    Mapxa IIpH c)KaTHH


    qepe3 IIpE pacTsxeHHH r{epe3
    UEMEHTA

    3 qac.
    MapxapacullpflIoulHxc'III€MeHToBoIIpeA€JI'IeTc'ItloBe-
    'o'6pasqon pa3-
    JIr{rIr{HenpeAeJla nporlHocr[ npH cxarHH rycroobl'
    ;;fi; Tgiiox2b ntlt ng recta HopManbH'ofi
    HcIIbITaHHorxuepea 3 Eyrox nocJle H3roro'BneHufi'
    PA?,4EJI NEPBbIil. OEIqHN
    300

    Tadnuqa 641

    lloxaeare;ru npouuocrf n MapKH pacunprtougrxcs qeMeHToB


    (no TV 66-50 n TV 69-50)

    flpe,nea npoqHocrH npr clKarHH a rcelcrtz ,tepes l-lpe,lea nporrHocrn npu pacrs)KeHilH B relcn2
    qepe3
    Mapxa qeMeHra
    6 .tac. 3 cyror 28 cyrox 6 qac. Bcyror
    I | "cyror(

    300 (0,5)u ( I , 0 ) 60 200 6 20 25

    400 (0,5)n ( 1 , 0 ) 60 260 8 25 30

    500 (0,5)n ( 1 , 0 ) 100 350 l0 30 35

    U p n M c .r a B r e. UrOpII B cko6Kar (0,5) n (I,0,, yKasHsaloT na nporreEr pacorrpe8ur.

    - IloflqlHxre-rbflHe rpe6oBasnr, Ilpe4'btanreMHe R ll oco6He ycjroB[r rx npsMerelrsr - or.. TV 66-50 r TV


    pacllllrPclolluiuct qeueErald, xeroabr rrcnurasrii r ll 69-50 MC (cu. ra6a, 6-42).

    Ta1tuqa 6-42

    Vraaauus tto rrpHMeHeHHtopaculrpsnu1uxcfl qeMeHToB


    (no TY 66-50, TY 69-50)

    BHa q,eNenros Ocnonuoe HasHaqenue .ILonycraercrr JrpHMeHsTb He .uonycraercs rrpuMeusrb

    -:$
    I BncrpocxBarbr- l . , [ l s g a q e K a H K HH r n 4 p o - l. .ll,as ronyqeHnfl rJrorHblx l. flpr.r npou3BoncrBepa-
    -
    BarouHficfl pac- H3OnflIIr.r14 rllBOBTlo6HHrOB,P?C- c T b r K o BB c o o p u m x 6 e r o H H H x ooT npH reMneparype HHxe '{}
    ",?3

    rxHpflrorrlHficf rpy6nbrx rpy6 n roMy no- r{ xene3o6erouHbrx KoHcrpyK- 0o 6ec o6orpena tx

    IIEMCHT lo6Hux greMeHToB IIHgX

    2. nts 3anenKu Syn.u,ar*renr- 2. nts, 3alr.enoK TpeuIHH B 2. tlpw pa6ore Korrcrpyr(rluu


    rrbrx 60.nros B 6etoHsulx tr 6 e r o u n H x H x e l e s o 6 e r o H H b r x B 9 K C r r n y a T a u H o H Hybcrnxo -
    x{ene3o6eroHHblx l(oHcTpyK- KOHCTpyT(qHsx, AJrfl ycHneHu.s B H fl XnpH TeMneparyPBbr e ue
    IIHRX. NOAJIHBKH NOA MAIIIIIHbI KOsCTpyrqHHU T. L. 800
    H T . N .

    2. Pacurr.rpqto- l. .lhs EorvrreHr.rfl 6eayca- .ILrg ga,reraHxHruBoB H pac-


    TUHHCf UCMEHT jl,o'rHbrx rr pacrrlHpsroulH{cg rpyooB npH pa6o,teM JraBJre-
    c 3a Me,llneHHbIM BOAOrrenpoHHIIa e u u x 6erouoa, H H H J t O l 0 A m , C O 3 I a B a e M O V
    CXBATHBAHHCM T H J I , p O H 3 O n f l I I H O H H b I Xt U r y K a - He paHee 24 qacos c MoMeHTa
    TypoK vr 3a,u,eJl KH crbl KoB OKOHqAHflfl 3AqEKAHKH .-t
    c6opurrx 6eroHnux H xeJre3o- &
    d
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    2. nm oMoHonI{qI,IBaHI,Ifl H
    ycnneHHs roncrpyxqnfi. no[-
    J T H B K H$ y U A a u e u T O B H 3 a A e n -
    rn Qyn4aMeHTHbrx 6oaroe
    TJTABA INECTAfl. MATEPHAJIbI, NPHMEHflEMuIE B TH,\POTEXHHUECKOM CTPONTEJI\CTBE
    301
    6 -1 5 . O C H OB H b IE X AP A K TE P H C TH K H B A X H E R IIIH X IIE ME H TOB

    Ta6.'tuqa 6-13
    /
    (no rexnuqecKrM rpaBunaM MBA lg48 r.)

    Y.u,earHnft
    Bec User n sanax I-Ipo6a flpo6a flpnuepnuft xHMH-
    Bua ueuesta n p o n a p e HH b J x
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    VAIHHTOM n 6orrloQoprue q e c r n f i c o c r a B
    o6pasqoe s94

    fIopraaH4qeMeHr Or cBerro- HegHaqn- Ca0-61-68


    cepofo .rto T e n b H o e K o n H - sio2-20-29
    cBeTJtO3eJreHO-q e c T B o X e J I e 3 - A l 2o3- 4- 8, 5
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    .;1-! CaO-42-62
    )li _
    sio2-24-32
    Al2o3- 5-g
    FerO, -3-4

    -
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    MCHT C C H H H M HN O - TeJtbHoe sioz-24-32
    nocaMH H nflT- pa3AeneHHe Aleo3- 6-t2
    HaMH, 3anax Fe2O,- 1-3,5
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    4i..
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    H q e c T B ox e n e 3 -
    i4-, 6es aanaxa At2o3-35-50
    ffi. HbIX qacTHU Fe2Or - 5- 15
    l
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    fir4pae.raqecKne Ao6aBKE K noprnaH,4rleMerrry,u,nfl,rlr,A- 6asKH, yxa3aHHbre s ra6a. 6-44, a raKxe MoJrorble Eg-
    p'orexHHrr,ecKono6erosa H Hx aKTrdBHocrbxapaKTeptr3yror- BecrHflKH, [ecqaHHKH, KBapqeBbr'eIIecKH I{ Ap.; .[nff trpo-
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    cKHx H HanoJrHfiroqnx 4o6ae,ox K rIeMeHTynpou3BoAlrrcfl ,4rq .{,o6aeox, HMercrrIHX o,6teuHufi Be,c, 6.nusrnfi K
    flo Q'opMynaM: o6reru'novy Becy ueMeHra (l 200-1 300 rczfn3), u BoAo-
    KOJil{qeCTBOUeMeHTa B npOrIeHTaX [orpe6Hocrb EJtfl o6pasoeannr recra Hopua.nruofi rycm-
    rbr, 6an:ryrc K BoAonorpe6u,octr.t rIeMeHToB (22--30010),
    rr K.100Ro .
    (6- 17) KOJIEqCCTBOBBOAHMbIX .4O6ABOK, HEO6XON,I,IMbIX.[JI'I 3KO-
    R n ' HOMIH UeMeHTa, IOn)r{HO 6trrl npUMepHO np,OnoprlHoHaJrb-
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    roJrHqecTBoAo6asox e npoqeHTax
    fipu no4onorpe6uocrn lo6aexH 6oaee 300/o H rrpn pas-
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    s
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    &
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    fIpR saueue e 6erosnoft crraecn500/6 (no eecy) tterreH-
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    -
    PA1,A,ENNEPBbIH. OEUHN
    302
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    Ta1nuqa 6-41

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    XapaxlepncruKa ruApaBJIHqecKHx
    Ao6anox
    (no FOC T l 174-51)
    (no IOCT 479749)
    Haeecru Hetaruenag H ge ecrb
    (xune.nra) rHlrpar- l4eeecrro-
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    qecTBa tl3BeCTH |
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    ( . r r a C a O n a I e a o 6 a u x x ) , n o r x < H a6 u r u C o p r a
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    30 4 30 l q
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    H T p e r r e J Ib l 200 100 20 50
    cyueIIHOe Be-
    fu n e xn H ulecrBo) B o/c
    fOpe,'lbIe HE MEHCC 85 67 60 67 60 50
    nopoJtbr 100
    Buro.u. na-
    flennur ny.it- BCCTKOBOTO
    KaHI{qe- TCCTA B JI LI3
    cKHe (nyq- 7 rce I{3BecrI't
    uonaHa) 100 20 50 He MeHee' ,4 1,6
    fleMstr 100 20 50 Kpynuocru
    q a c r H I I( o c T a r -
    TyQu B)'rI- Xi S Vo Ha CU-
    KaHUqe- rax N 200
    CKHE 200 100 30 50 10
    800 omric.Ltz)
    100 20 50 l1 ne 6oaee 3 2
    Tpacst
    ' To xe, Ilb 90
    CuurroS. 200
    (4 9C0omo!c'uz)
    faugurrt u i e 6oaee 25 1 0 15
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    3oast
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    60 HenofacHB-
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    2. fn4PanlnqecKafl H3Becrb
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    4
    . tt'ofi rycrorbl. H3BecrH Y rcelcuz
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    (no OCT 2644)
    6_17. H3BECTH
    flpu cxarnu
    ' qepe3
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    28 56 I
    B 3aBHCr.Ir'locTr{ oT cKoporcTH rauleHI.If LI3Be'CTb pa3Ae- rrox I c

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    TJIABA lilECTAfl. MATEPHAJIU, nPHMEHflEMbIE B TH,4POTEXHHVECKOM CT7OHTEJI\CTBE


    303
    Ilpeael lpovuocrlt .lytureii rnap-aBntqecxofi u:aecru flpr xaaqr<eOyflaaMeHroB
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    trocrlfraer:.flpfi cxarfir.r40-70 re/cxz, npx pacrrxensr{- llll xo rx.qpaBntq€cKyro
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    " ""Ji]""^
    /
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    AJIfl IIIAPOTEXHUqECKOI-O
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    rnAporexHnrrecKnx 6eroHoB H pacrBopoB nepxuefi .nortauoli ;iuutreri.

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    Ta6nu4a 6-46
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    uJraKo-nopTaaHAIIeMeHTbr H HIHHO3eMHCTbTe UeMeHTbr. roroB,rIeHHH. I(oarylnnrrr BBoAflrcs B cKBaxHHbr pa3AeJrb-
    IIpu 6o.nruax cKopocrffx ABHx(eHHfl rpyrrroBbrx BoA HO OT paCTBOpa, nepHOAHrIeCKr.r,flOCJre npeABapHrenngoft
    npnMeHflercq urnHo3eMHcrufi ueMeHT. IIpu npHMeHeHHH npoMbrBKH cKBaxHHbr oT TJTHHHCTOTO paCTBOpa.
    nopTJraHA4eMeHTOB BBOAHTCfl B KaqeCTBeyCKOpHTeJrfl
    CXBa- Anfl IIar{aJrbHoro HafHeraHHn H npelBapr{Te,'rbHbrx pac-
    TbrBaHHr Ao6asxa xJrop?rcroro KaJrbuzfl- or 4 Ao Tolo qeToB KOHCHCTeHqT{flrJIr.rHr.rcToro pacTBopa IjpHHr.rMaercq
    oT Beca ueMeHTa. B 3ABI,ICHMOCTHOT VACJIbHOfO BONONOTJOUICHHf CKBA)KII-
    B uearpeccnnHori noAsofi cpeAe npr4MeHqlorcrr ttopr- Hbr IIo ra6t. 6-69. IIprE noc"neAyroueN{ HarrreraHnn KoH-
    naHAueMeHTH rrrJrar(o-noprrrarrArleMeHr(no |OCT 970-41) CHCTCHUH'I PACTBOPA NOBbIUIAETCq C NOBbIIIICHHEM N.i]B;
    MapKH se Hnxe 300. .IICHHfi.
    llpuueneuue AJrff pacrBopa HHeprHbrx no6aeox s BH,rI,e
    MOJIOTOTO IT3BeCTHflKAHJrH rrecKa, a TaKXe B BHAe npH- Ta6ttu4a 6-69
    poAHbIx necKoB AorrVcKaercfl noc.[e onursofi itpoBepKH.
    Ifpr.rpo4unft flecoK npnMeHqercrr ue;lxufi - KpynHocrbro Haqa.nnuaq KoHcLIcreHqHq rJrHHHcroro pacrBopa
    Sparuur.rMeHes0,6 nu. B 3aBr'rcHMOCTr{OT BeJIHq[Hbr yAeJrbHoro BoAonorrouleHHfl
    H opneHTuposoqHrrfi pacxol pacrBopa
    6 - 24. P A CT B OP b TAJ rr IJ T H H H 3 A U H H
    V.u.eauHoe Ronottonno- V,u.ersnuil nec flor.roueHue TJTHHH-
    O C H O B A HH H IU,CHI4CCKBAXHHbI rJ'II,IHHCTOI'O cTor-o pacTBopa B ll
    (no TV MAC, t942 n.) pacrBopa na I noe. -rr cKhax(HHbt

    Als [p]rMegqrorcq pacrBopbr


    rrHrrH3arruHocHoeaHr.rfi MeHnure 0.05 1 , 1- 1 , 2 50
    u3 IJrHHlrCTbrX rpyHTOB. Or 0,05 4o'0,1 1,2- 1.25 :00
    I4cxnrcqureJrbHo >KHpHbrerJrrrHbr He npr{MeHfirorcfi BBr.rAy 0,1 l ,25__l ' ,3 2c0
    I{x BbrcoKoft sssxocrur u ruaaofi BoAoorAaqu. , l 1,3-1,4 500
    O6oraureuue rJrr{H npoH3BoAHTcfi upri npr.rroroBJreH14H ., ,5 1 , 4- 1 , 5 I 000
    pacrBopa AJrff HarHeraHr{ff. Aas ycKopeHlrff npl{roroBJre- B onee 5 Or 1,5Ac npe-
    - sa 10-12 qac. - saMaqn-
    Hr4fr rJrriHbr rrpeABapr{TeJrbHo A e J I b H O T OB O 3 -
    BaIOTCfl. MO)I(HOrO 3000
    B Kar{ecrBe KoaryJrsgmB 11pgM,eHflrcTcfl ,rpeune$topue
    HATpHfl., XJIOpHA KaJrbUHfi, XJIOpHA MarEHg. H3BeCTb l.t AF.

    6-3. EETOH I-HAPOTEXIIHqECKHII


    s-25. O I P E A EJ IEH H E , K J IA C C I{ O H KA U H fl 2) pacno.noxessufi B soHe nepeMeuHoro ypoBHq Bo,tbt;
    H OCHOBHbIE XAPAKTEPHCTHKH 3) naAeoAHufi, noABeprarculnricq s[H3oArirqecKoMyoMbr-
    BaHHro BoAoft.
    I ' nA P O T E XHL { qE C K O T O E ET OH A B 3aBHcHMocrHor yc.nonufi pa6ortr 14 BbrreKarotuHx
    l. Onpe4e.neHl,Ie v pa3HoBI{AHocTH orcloAa tpe6onaHnfi, ruAporexHfi.iecxHfi 6eros AeJrltrcfi Ha
    pa3HoBHAHOCTH:
    nHApoTexHlrrrecKoFo 6eToHa
    MaccneurIft (Hapyxruofi uJttr nuyrpenuefi gouu);
    (no IOCT 47e5-53) Hevaccunurtft;
    Eerouu, trpI,IMeHgeMbIe/.,Jtfl Bo3BeAeHHflrll,ilDorexHHqe- uapyxHofi soHbr;
    cKI4x coopyxeHzfi, rtocroflHHo HJII'InepnoAlauecKaoMbIBae- nuyrpenuefi soHbr;
    MhIe BoAofi n o6naAalourue TaKHMHceofictnaMu, Koropble Ha[opHbrx roHcrpyxuufi vrJrr coopyxesufi;
    o6ecnequBalor AJII{TeJIbHyIoHopMarbHylo c-nyx6y 6eroH- 6esuanopubrx KoHcrpyxqufi r.rJrr.r
    coopyxesufi.
    Hofi r{JraArg B yKa3aHHbIx ycJIoBHgx, Ha3bIBaIoTcs ruApo-
    TCXHI,IqECKHMI,I.
    2. OcHosHHe xapa KrepHcrHKH
    Eerou BHyrpeHHHx BoH MaccHBHHx rllAporexHl'IqecKnx
    - rr{ApoTexHHqecKoro deToHa
    coopyx(eHufi,
    - He rnoAB'eprarou1uficflHarlopy u -pacnoJlox('eH-
    sufi or eueuHefi noBepxHocrn He 6lttxe 2 iI', Mo)Ker
    He npHqllcfifTbcfl K rHApOTexHHqecKI'IM H paccMarpHBaer- a) floAeHxuocrs (n"uacrauHocrn) 6erosnoft cMecn xa-
    cff KaK o6rrlHbrfi 6eros. paKTepr{syercs ocalxotl HopMa.rbHoro KoHyca v }Ao6oy-
    Iu4porexHu.Iecxnfi 6eros Aonxen o6.uaAarr soAocrofi- KJrzAbr,BdeMocrbro (no OCT 9000-39) H onoererrffercfl B
    KOCTbTO, O6eCneqHgarouefi AaHTeJIbIIyTOC.nyx6y B BoAe- coorBercrBan c yl(asaHuflMr4 |OCT 4799-49. Tpe6yerrlaa
    cpeAe, a TaKxe - npH coorBercrByloulnx ycJIoBHflx [oABr.r]KHocrbrr.IAporexHHqecKoro 6etoua B BaBHcHlvlocru
    c.iryx6u 6ero nu oro coopylKeHI49.- BoAoHeIIp gHHIIaeMocTbIo, or r(oHcrpyKTnBHbrx oco6euuocreft coopylKeHuff npHBoAHTcx
    MOpO3OCTOfirOCtltO H IIOHH)KeHHbIM TeUIOBbIAeJIe- e ra6n. 6-70.
    HHEM. 6) flpovuocrr 6erosa, xapaKTepr.rs]:eMaq npeAeJIoM
    B gaBHcLIMocrLIor pacnoJlox(eHur 6eroHa B coopyx(e- npoqHocrn rrpn cx(arnu B npoeKTHoMBo3pacre o6paauon-
    HrlH no oTHouIeHLIrc K ypoBHIo BoAbI rl'IApoTexHnqecxuft rcy6on pa3MepoM 20X20X20 cttt, I4sroroBrleHHblx LI ficIIbI-
    6erou noApa3AeJrslor Ha: raHsur no |OCT 4800-49, orpeAerlflercfl uapxofi 6ero-
    1) no.u,soAuHfi,[ocroffHHo Haxonqqufics B Botre; Ha. Mapxn ruAporexHl,tqecKoro6etona no |OCT 4795-53
    PASIEJ( nEPBbrH. OEUnn
    312
    npl{BoAflTcs B ra6n. 6-71" Hopnarrnnaa rcy1uwonan Tafnuqa 6-',71
    ilporrHocrb npuBo.qHrcfl B ra6t. 6-72.
    Mapxu rnAporexHnqecKux6eroHos
    n) BoAocroftKocrb 6erona - rpe6onaHue, npeAbflBJrs,e-
    Moe Ko BceM pagHoBH,rI,HocrqM rnAporexrnqecKoro 6ero- (no I-OCT 4795-53)
    Ha,-o6ecnerrqBaeTcfl HaAnex(auluu nu6oporu coorBercrBy-
    FIrIux ycJroBHrM pa6oru coopyxegus qeMeHToB_H sanoJl- Mapru 6erona
    nure.nefi A.ns 6erosa no yKa3aHHsM, H3JroxeHHbrM B Iloxasate.ru
    150 200

    Ta1nuqa 6-70 flpe4e.r


    Tpe6yeuar floABrur(HocrbrnAporexHnrlecKoro6eroua npoqHocTrt
    (no I-OCT 4795-53) npH cxaTHH
    B BO3paCTe
    Xapaxreprcruxa 6erou[PyeMbIx 28 anefi s
    roHcrpYxqufr rczlcuzue
    MCHEC lc0 150 200 200 300r
    6eronuue KoH-
    Macc PtsHsre
    c-TpyKr.tHH nn. 6-A rn. VI, a raKxe co6.rrrcAenneu rpe6o-
    2-4 30-20 u 6-E
    M a c c n n u b r e Ma r o a p M l r p o - eauufi npou3BoActoa pa6or no I-OCT 4063-48 <<Coopyx.e-
    BaHSbreKoHcTpyKuHH Htrfl, rr{AporexHuqecKue. flponsno4creo 6erouuux pa6or.
    Texuuqecxue ycJroBur>.
    }Keireeo6ero HHbreKoHcrpyK- r) Bo4onenpounrlaeMocm 6erona xapaKrepu3yercfl HaH-
    ulilr, ceqeHHe apMaTypblKo- 6onurnu AaBireHHeMBoAbr, npu KoTopoM eule ue na6nrc-
    Topbrx rre npeBbrrrtaer l% Aaercff npocaqrlBaHnt ee qepes o6pasqbr [poeKTHoro Bo3-
    o r n J r o q a A H p a c q e T H o r oc e - pacra, H3roroBJreHnbrer.r HcnbrraHHbre no |OCT 4800-4t9.
    qeHnfl 6etoua 4-8 20-10
    flo soAogenpoHullaeMocrr,r6eron AerHTcq Ha Maprff, KoT'o-
    Xereso6eroHHbre KoE- pbre npnBeAeHbrs ta6r. 6-73.
    crpyKqHH, ceqesHe apMary- Mapnn 6erosa \ilfl ru4porexHl{q'ecKllx coop,yx(eHufi ile-
    pbr KoTopblx npeBbltuaet I % pequcJreHbrs ra6r. 6-74.
    oT nnclllala pacrreTsoro ce- A) Moposocrofiroctr 6eroua xapaKTepr{3yercrr nau6o.rrr-
    qeHnfl Oerosa 8-14 10-5 ITITIMgrI,CJrOM nOBTOpHbTX qHKJTOBII,OIIepeM,eHHOfO3a1{Opa-
    x(r{,BaHtIfII{ OTTaEBaHI,Ifl,I(oTOp,OeCfiOCO6UU Bbrl,IepxaLTh

    HopnnarunHHe conpoTrrBJreHrrs 6erona B rcefcnz Tadntu,a 6-72

    ilaflxa 6erosa (nopuarnaxan ry6nronax npovnocrt)

    BHa HanpcxeHHoro
    E COCTOflHH'I
    3oo ,,
    2 |

    Cx ar ne oc e Bo e (n p a s u e H - RH 28 40 60 BO ll5 145 200 2e0 3 1 0 350


    Haq rpoqHocru) . np
    2 Cxatne npu usrH6e . RH 35 50 75 100 140 rso 250 325 390 440
    ll

    3 P ac r s x es u e o c e B o e . . RH 5 6 8 l0 13 l6 2l 25 28 3i0
    p
    '
    n p n M e q s H tt s. l. ,llrr ruporexxr,tec(nr coopyxeHnft cJreryet npx exir! 6erof, MapoK or 75 !o 300. npftrare|tte [apbK n xe 100
    n Blrue 200aonxHo o6ocHoBbrBsrhctfipoe(ToM.
    2. Mapra 6erona aie xoncrpyiqxft, pa3Mepu troTopHx onpelle,rroT(f, flpoqBocTbo B Pacats]'Tofi 5oIIe, Ao.lxHa t{a3H8qltbc! no np€IeJty
    npoqHocrn KaK npx cxaTxl', Tar s flpfi pecrsxcxfit.

    Ta6ttuqa 6-73 o6pasurr flpoeKrHoro Bospacra 6ee cHHxeHHrr npoqHocrl'I


    Maprn 6eroua no BoAoHenpoHlIIIaeMocrE 6o.nee 250/o H 6es noTepu seca 6oflee 50r'onpu Hc[bITaHr4r4
    rx no IOCT 4800-49.
    (no IOCT 4795-53) Tpe6onanne x 6erouy B oTHouIetIHHMopo3ocrcfiKo,ctl't
    Aon)KHo conpoBoxAarbcs o6qsarensHstl{ tpe6oeauueu B
    Maprn 6eroHa oTHorrreHr.rHBoAoHeIIpoHHIIaeMocru:\Jrfl Mopo3ocrotir,oro
    6eroua HanopHblxxoucrpyxuraft MapKarl'oBoroHeIIpoHl'{uae-
    fl ox a3are.nu Mocrlr HasHar{aercflno Ta6JI. 6-75; rJlti l\topo3ocrotkoro
    6eroHa 6eaHanopuutxxoucrpyxqHfi r{apKa IIo BoAoHenpo-
    viluaeMocrn roJIxHa 6urs B-4. Tpe6oBaHHeIrlopceocrofixo-
    crH npeAbrBnflercff JIHLIIbK TeM fHAporexHHr{ecKI'IM 6e,to-
    HaH6o.nrruee AaBreHfie B K?1c.t42, HaM, KOTOpbIenoABeprapT,cfiB KoHcrpyr\r(uqx coBMecTHOMy
    npx KoropoM He Ha6aoAaercfl Aeficrnnrc BoAbI LI Mopo3a
    ilpocaqHBaHHs BoAbr qel e3 06- Eerosur no Mopo3ocrofixocrplrloApa3AeJlffIorcsHa srt,n,eP-
    pa3ubr28- ane e H o fo
    B o 3 p a c ra X(I,IBAIOIIIHC ONPEAEJIEHHOE KOJIHqECTBO IIHKJIOB NONCPCMCH'
    TJIABA NECTAfl. MATEPHAJIuI, NPHMEHflEM'IE B TH,\POTEXHHqECKOM CTPOIITEJI\CTBE
    313.
    lgrg saMopa)KuBaHr{fl H orranBaHnfl: 25(Mpa 25); Ilpodotnrcenue ra6n, 6-75
    50(Mps50); 100(Mps100);150(Mpe 150)u 200 (Mpe
    200). KaxuaruqecrHe vcJroBHr
    KoluqecrBo uHKJr,orB 3aMopaxltBaHuq H /ortausauus. yMepeHHHe cypoBHe
    AJIfl rHAporexHIIqecKoro 6erona ycraHaBJrr.rBaercq tto I
    ra6n. 6-75.
    9ncao [epeMeH ropn3oHTa Bo,u,btsa
    e) Tpe6oaauue K 6erony n ornomeHur{ TerrfloBbrAene- guunlrft nepHo]l Ha or{brBaeMoft no-
    Xaparrep paOorsr
    HHq npu ero rBepAeHHHnpeA'bqBr.flercqroJrbKo x 6erouanr BepxHocTu oeToHa HJIU r{UCJtOCMeH
    MaccHBHbrxcoopyxeHHft 14 o6ecner{Hsaercr trpHMeHeHr.IeM 3rMopaxnBaHrdfl H oTTa[BaHHq
    IIeMeHTa c noHuxenHofi ren.noroft ruAp aral0.HvB coorBer-
    crBuH c |OCT 4797-49 H Ha3HaqeHHeM cocraBa 6eroua c
    .ro 50 6oaee 50 ao 50 6olee 59
    MHHHMaJIbsoueo6xoAHMbrMpacxoAoM ueMeHTa B coorBer-
    crBHH c |CCT 4801-49.
    Ta6nu4a 6-74 E eroH , no,[B epran-
    ul ufi cn B .K oH crpyK -
    Mapxn 6eroHa no BoAoHenpoHlrqaeMocrr{B 3aBHcHMocrH
    ur{nx (coopyxesngx)
    oT KoHcrpyKquu H Hanopa grrr.r3oAuqecKoMy Aefi-
    (no IOCT 4795-53) CTBHTO BOAbr H MO-
    p o3a Mpa 2 Mps 50 M p s M ps 100
    Be.nnqnna BoaoHenpoHlI -
    fIo.(eorHttft IlaeMocrH no KraccaM
    6eron n 6eron coopyx(e HHc
    V c a o s H sp a 6 o r u
    coopyxeuufi SOHbr nepe- flp urrleq8Hnq. 1 . Y n l e p e u H u e K n H M a r H q e c K H yec J r o B x s x a p a K *
    MeHHOroropfl- TepH3]'r,OTcscpeJHeMecsqHoft rer'lneparypoli 6oaee xoJroJlHoro Mecrqa
    30HTa BO,llbl IV ot -5o ao -15o. Cypoeure KJ'rHMarH.recxue ycnoBns xapar<repfi-
    gyrorcr cp^e.uHeuecf,qHofrreMneparypo[ sau6oaee xoJroit,Horo Mecsqa
    uuxe -15o.
    2. 3ruunfi nepno,u,
    rns crpourenbcTBa oIIpe,u,enseTcg no jlaHHhrM
    HanopHnre; or- Eerou ua- r [ . [ p o M e r e o p o r o r H q e c K o cf ia y x 6 u .
    sorreHue Aefi- pyxnofi 3. berou Mps 200 rpHMeHcercff B oco6o cypoBbrx KnHMarH'{ecKHl1
    ycJloBHrx.
    cTByr,ouero Hano- 3 O H b I
    pa K ToJrulHHe
    coopyxeHus (.pa- 3. Vc"rrosHsre o6osHaqeHufl pa3HoBuAHocrefi
    arEeur) < 25 rHApoTexHHrrecKofo oeToHa
    tr|. (uo IOCT 4795-53)
    f Hanopus r e; o r- H EA-
    HOlxeHHe AefiCr- H l{nl.ewc 6nT-100, B-4 o6osHacaer: 6eros noAeolubrii
    ByrolIIero Hanopa ToHKocrenHbrxKoHcrpyxltufi HJrHHapyxHofi. soHbr MaccHB-
    K ToJrrrlr.rHecoopy- Hbr& coopyxenurl MapKH 100, no.qoHerrpoHHqaeMocrb Koro-
    xerrur (rpa.uuenr) poro paBHa B-4.
    B-4
    >25 HuAexc EfT-150, B-8, Mpa 100 o6ogHaqaer: 6eton rou-
    KocreHHbrx KoHcrpyKquft mnw Haplarnofi soHbr MaccuBHbrx
    coopyxeuufi MapKH 150 B ycJroBHffx repeMeHHoro ropH-
    EeroH Ha- soHTa Bo.rlbr, BoAoHeflponurraeMocrblo, pannoft B-8, Lr
    E es Hanopnu e pyxuoft Moposocrofixocrrrc Mpg 100.
    30Hbl
    HsAexc 6HM-100, MT o6osHaqaer: 6erou HaAsoAHnIi
    MaccuBHbrxcoopyx{enufi uaprff 100, K KoropoMy npeAbtB-i
    Ta6ttu4a 6-75 Jrflrorcs rpe6onaHus MaJroro renJroBbrAenenus.
    Ko.nuqecrno qHKJroB 3aMopaxfinaunfi n orransaHnfi Anfl
    6eroua B saBrlctrMocrn or ycJIoBHfi pa6orrt 6_26. HA3HAIIEHHE COCTABA
    (no I'OCT 4795-53) |H,II.POTEXH HTIECKOTO EETO HA
    KluuaruqecKne ycnoBHg
    1. Bnr6op cocraBJlqlournx
    yMepeHHbre cypoeure
    I AJrfl rHAporexHHqecKoro6erona
    9 n c a o [ e p e M e n r o p u g o H r a B o , u , t l3 a Bu6op ueMerrroB H Ao6aBoK K HHM 4lr 6eroua pa3nl4q-
    gr.rMHlrHllepilojl Ha o\rblBael{ 'H tlo-
    Xapaxrep pa6orut BepxHocrr{ 6eroua Hr'IH qHcJro cNIeH HOrO Ha3HaqeHHflnpOH3BOAHTCfl B COOTBeTCTBHH C ra6n.
    3aMopaxHBaHHf H oTTaUBaHHq 6-38 u ra6n. 6-39. [.nn 6erouon, K KoropblM npeA:bsB-
    Jrrlorcn cnerruaJlbHuerpe6oBatvfl, nrr6op npoHgBoAHTcflc
    yqeToM MuHepaJrorur{ecKofococraBa qeMeHToBLt $ueuxo-
    xHMHqecKI{xcBoHcrB AooaBoK.
    Lns Haxc)KAeHHscocraBa 6etopa no 3aAauuofiefo Map-
    r(e (R, ) , o[peAeJIflerct{ MapKa ue-\ierlra (R o\ , Koropar
    AJrr HanBbrroAHetlureroero pacxoAa AoJIIKHa 6utr B IIpe-
    Aenax:
    4Rr>R'r>2R6.
    Ec.nH npn i.rMelouleMcfl B HaJILIqHH UeMeHre Rtr npeBbl'
    lraer Ro 6onee qeM B 2,5-3 pasa, neo6xoAttMo BBoAHTb E
    cocraB 6erona roHKoMoJIorbIe Ao6aBKH B qenfix SKoHoMHH

    _' ------..!+iF*-----
    PAsnEJr nEPBbrn. OEAHn
    3t4
    ueMeHra(no n. 6-16). Mapxy ueMeHroB,npeAHa3uaqeH- Tafnuqa 6-78
    ycJIoBHnx
    .HbIx AJrflnonyqeHuq6eroua npH HopMaJIbHbIx
    TBepAeHHfi, peKOMeIIAyerCf npLIHHMaTb nO yKa3aHI4f N{
    ra6r. 6-76. / Maxcxua.nuHo AonycrnMbre BeJrr{qHHbI BOAOqeMeHTHOTO
    n Ha[oJIHHTe.[uMoJlorbtecJleAyer
    Ao6asxn aKTHBHF,Te orHoureHus (BIU) AJrfl rHAporexHr,rqecKoro 6eroHa
    Ao6asnsrb K noprJIaHAIleNIeHTy B KoJII'IqecrBax, He npeBbl- (rocr 480r-4e)
    IuarcurHx BeJIHqHH, yKa3aHHbIx B ra6.n. 6-77.
    B 6eronHuxu
    B xeaeso- M ar o a p H H p o -
    Ta6nu4a 6-76 6etonuutx xon- BAHHbIX MAC-
    crpyKrlHrrx CHBHbIX KOHCT-
    PexorrrenAyeMHe MapKH qeMeHTa' onpeAerceMble pyl(rIHflx

    ncnblTaHHeM x(ecTKHX pacrBopoB V c e o s u s p a 6 o r u r6 e t o s a rS


    o
    .J cr
    | | I I i4oor.r o. 4)

    I roolr5ol2oolBoolBbrue
    o(u oc,
    Mapxu 6erona x5
    l l l l t

    PexouesAyeMbre 600 B qacrnx coopyxeHHq,


    l o ' pacnonoxeHHbrx B 3oHe
    MapKH UeMeHTa l o o rrepeMeHHofo ypoBHq BoAbr:

    a) s cypoBblx KJIHMaTLl-
    qecKHx ]'cnoBLIgx 0,50 0,55 0,55 0,60
    6)nyuepeuubtxHMflf-
    Ta6nu4a6-77 yCnO-
    KHX KJrrrMaTr.rqeCKHX
    'ilpe4e.ntHoe
    KoJruqecrBo Ao6anox Aflq rqxerblx BHHX 0,55 0,60 0,60 0,65
    B .racrsx coopyxeuufi ,
    H o6rer.reHHux 6eroHoB Ha nopTJIaHAqeMeHTe nocToffHHo HaxoAtrlll4xcfl
    npH HopMaJrbHbrxycfloBucx TBep.u,eH[5I IIOA BOAOfi:
    a l H a n o p H b r x. 0,55 0,60 0,60 0,65
    Hau6oarruee KoJruqe- 6) 6esHanopHblx 0,60 0,65 0,65 0,65
    crso ro6aeor B %
    r o6ureuy eecy
    B ua,u,soAHblxqacrflx co-
    Vcaosss c,ryx6r't Mapra BC)KyUlero opyxeHHs, SnHSOAHqecKlt
    6etona n 0,65 0,65 0,70 0,70
    KoHCrpyKqHH
    ilpe.['enax
    eMbrBaeMbIxBo.(ofi
    I x
    Y 4
    flpureqaHus. 1 . 3 o H a u e p e r . a e H u o r oy p o B H s B o J l b I o n p e : e -
    Jtffercrr c yqeTot{ Bo3Mo)KHbtx xo.le6asnti ypoBHfl BoAbI, BoJIHoBbIX
    HaAger.tHlteKoH- aa.nennft, Karrl,rJrncpHoronoacoca H T. n.
    2 . O n p e a e a e n r i q x , r i l n d a r n r { e c K u xy c a o n n f t c M . n p H M e q a u u e r r a 6 . ' t .
    He noA-
    cTpyKuHr.r, b- /b.
    Bepralou{uecfl 3a-
    Mep3aHHro B Ha- 20 20
    CbIIqCHHOM BOAOH 30 30 Tafttuqa 6-79
    cocroflHHtt 40 bU
    PeromenAyeMhle sau6o.nnruue BerHtII,IHbI
    BoAorleMeuTnoroorHouleHnq @lA\ H. HaHMeHburHe
    floAseMHue H
    pacxoAbt Bcxyulux AJIfl Tsxefltlx 6eroHos
    NOABO,U.HbIC KOH-
    c r p y K u H H ,H e n o A - 200--400 20 r5 30 Hanuetrsutlre
    BepranuIHecf 3a- pacxo,u,bl
    Bcxy-
    Mep3aHHro 100-200 30 25 40 ueno (ueMeHr+
    faolanxa)
    Vcaoeus cryx6bl llonoauurearnue Han6oar- s teeln" ,.Jrs
    Koucrpyrqun B KOHCTpyKIII{n
    ycnoBHg H cTe[eHb tuee xoucrpyxquit
    3OHeUepeMeHr{o- r'loposocroirKocTH B t4
    ro ypoBHfl r4rrK
    noAcoca BoAbt,
    200 200--400
    rroABepraIouIHecfl 1 0 0 l 50- - 200 1 0 l5 l5
    s a M e p s a H H rB
    o Ha-
    cbruIeHHoMBoAofi
    50 100--150 1 5 25 25 HaAseN{HHe
    COCTOqHfl H 25 100-150 I D 25 25 KOHCTpyKIIHLI,
    He noABeprarc-
    u{Hecq 3aMep- He nop-
    Onruua.nnsue KoJrnrrecrBaAo6aBor( AoJr)KHbI onpeAe- MHpyercfl 225 200
    3AHHK) B HA-
    Jttrbcrl onbrrHbrM rryreM Ha ocHoBasuu ra6oparopHhlx Hc-
    nuraunfi. Bu6op gano.nsnre.nefi Arq rHAporexHuqecKxx cbrulerrHoMBo-
    .6etonoe npousBoAr{Tcfl B coorBercrBl{H c u. 6-E r,r. VI. roft cocror-
    HHH
    fl.p n rrl e q a H s e. Ta6.n. 6-76 yr 6-77 cocraBJreHb[ ,u,ns 6eroHon
    pa3nHqHoro Ha3HaqeHHc. VIua peKoMeH.u.yercfl TaKXe rtonb3oBarbcc
    npn no,u6ope ruAporexunqecxoro 6erona.
    TJIABA NECTAfl. MATEPHAJIbI, NPHMEHflEMbIE B THIIPOTEXHAITECKOM CTPOHTEJIbCTBE
    315

    II podoncrceruue
    ra6n. 6-79 Ru- ar(TuBHocTb qeMeHTa B rczfctrtz, onpeAerenHaq
    crar{AaprHbrM HcnbrraHHeM o6pasqos Hg }Kecr-
    HauueHrmlle KHx rpau6onaHHblx pacrBopoB; ilpE 3roM K:
    pacxpjlH Bfl)Ky- n p u H u M a e r c qp a n n u u 0 , 5 ;
    ureno (ueueHr*
    {.uo6aexa)
    Kr - noe$Ququeur, rpttttun,raevrufi \11fl,' 6etosa Ha
    Vcronnc cryx6u ll.ouoaltnre.lrsnue Hau6o-'rt- z rcelxt tag rpaBHH paBHbrM2,0, a Ha ule6ne-1,85.
    y c . r o B H q H C ' l e n c l l b loueeB14 roucrpyruufi
    xoHcrpyrqnir Bsr6op BoAoueMeHTHoroorHoueHuff, o6ecnequnarculero
    r'roposoctofiKocTH
    3aAaHHyrocreneHb Mopo3ocrofit<ocru 6etoua, npoHgBoAHT-
    o-ltu'0"" cfl c yqeroM rafulrq 6-81 u 6-82. llpra erorrt lrs ABYX
    "ot,ro
    eiHH;rx lPoeatt- gHaqeiufi BIU ilpuHuMaercl HaHMeHbulee.Onpe4e.neune
    npoqHocrH IIJIacrHqHoro 6etosa npoI43BoAHTcffno npu6nn-
    xesnol.i Sopuy,re:
    IIo.lseA{HLte 1) He l'tcllbI- He nop-
    kr noABoAHbre T b I B a I O U l n eH a - r u H p y e T c f l 250 / u - o,t) (6 - 23)
    KOHCTpyKTIHH, flopa BoAbI I{ R:s:O^^(U ,
    He noABepraCI- HaxoAfuIHeCq
    rrlHecf 3aMep- B rrpecHblx BO- rAe Rza- npeAeJI npoqHocrH 6eroHa B Bo3pacre 28 cyrox
    3AHHIO Aax n rcefc.mz;
    u- pacxoJ, II,eMeHTaB Ke Ha | rce sor:.;t (uenaeuro-
    2) 14cnsrrnr- ;
    Lr
    Hanop
    Barorr{He BoAHoe orHourenue);
    BOAbI HJIH HA-
    A -
    xoe$Saqneut, panurtfi 4rn 6eroua Ha rpaBnu
    XOAqUIHECg B
    0,50, AJrfr 6erosa Ha I[e6He 0,55;
    afpeccHBHoti
    250 Ru- Mapl(a [eMeHTa, onpeAeneHHafl ItcnbITaIIHelu
    cpeAe 0,65 275 craHAaprHblx rpaM6oBaHHbIx o6pa3qoB x(ecr-
    KOfi KOHCI,IATeHUH,I{.

    Koucrpyrquu l) B npec- flpnd.nuxeHuaqQopuyla,una ]crsHoBrr€Hur npeAeJIa


    B 3OHe fiepe- sofi noAe: npounocrn 6erosa n tpe6yerrauficpox (R" ):
    M e H H O f Ol r p o B - MD3 100 0,65 275 250 lon
    Hg I4JrH noA- Mr. 50 070 250 225 R n : R' 't", I (6-24)
    lg 28'
    coca BoAbI,
    rrojlBepran-
    rAe Rr- [peAeJI npoqHocrl{ 6erosa npH c}KaTHIt
    rqHecq 3aMep-
    2\ B Mop- y rcelcuz r rpe6yettoMy cpoKyncyroK;
    SAHI,Trc B HA-
    cblu{eHHoM Bo-
    cKofi BoAe: Rza- IlpoqHocrb 6eroua B Bo3pacre 28 cyroK;
    nofi cocrofrHvrvl
    MDs 204 0,50 350 325 ,un, lg28- 6'ero-
    B'oapacra
    M;" 100 0,60 300 275 ffi."H"X;r;._norapu0Mbl
    M;; 50 0,65 275 250
    fl p n u e q a H r.re. @oprayJla rpHMeHHMa .[.rq noprnau.u.qeneHra npn
    f,)-3.

    3. HasHaqeHHe cocraBa 6erona npu MaJIbIx ero


    Hau6onunue BoAoqeMeHTHbIeorHonleHuff H HaH\leHb-
    .mue pacxoAbr Bfi)Kylqero AJII rgx<eJlblx 6etoson pa3nnq-
    odtennax H Arq nepBoHaqaJlbHofi opHeHTHpoBKH
    HO|O Ha3HaqeHHq ycraHaBJII4Banrcs no yKa3aHHflM no radJrHqaM
    'ra6.n. 6-78 u 6-79.
    [.rrr npe.u,BapHTeJIbHbIx pacqeroB, a raKx{e fipl'I roAoBoM
    cocraBa 6erona
    pacxoAe'6erona Ao 500 vz Ha3IIar{eHHe
    2. QopnayflblAflq rpn6nux<eHHoroonpeAeJlenufl no ra6il. 6-80, 6-81 v 6-82 c o6nza'
    npoLI3BoALIrcfl
    B/U n npoqHocrn 6erona Ta6nut4a 6-80
    OpneHrnposoqHufipacxol BoAbI Ha I n3 detouuofi
    llpr.rHnmrfi Ans yKJIaAKH 6eroH AoJIx(eH o6ecneqnrb npI'I cMecn c rpaBHeMKpynHocrbloAo 40 nn H rIecKoM
    HaHMeHbIIIeMpaCXOAeqeMeHTa IIaAne)KauIHe npoqHocTb' cpelnefi KPynHocrI{ _
    creneHb Mopo3ocrofixocttt, nJlorHocrb, norBH)KHocrb, I
    yAo6oyKfiaArtnaertlocrn H Apyrue cBoficrBa, o6ycnon.neu- Oca.uxa KoHyca B .tt-tt I
    Pacxo.n Borbt Ha I ll3 6erona

    HbIe [poeKToM.llpa y'c;ronnl{ BbIIIoJIHeHHsyKa3aHHbIx Tpe-


    6oeaHHft pacrler cocraBa 6erosa Mo)Ker npol{3BoAnTbcfl
    pasrHtIHbrMr.rcnoco6auu. flpu sToM oKoHuareJlruufi co- 10-20 150
    20-40 160
    cTaB 6erona yToqHfleTcq Ha ocHoBe o[brTHbrx 3aMecoB H
    pe3yJlbraroB ucnutanufi o6pa3troB 6erona. 40-60 170
    onpe,u,eneHHeBoAOr{eMeHTHOro oTHOUreHHfl,CooTBeTcTBy- 60-E0 175
    'roqerb eaAaltttofi npoqHocru 6eroua, [poI{3BoAHTcs 'rlo 80- t00 i85
    npu6.rruxennofi $opMyJIe:
    Ru
    (6-22)
    U KrRo* KzRa'
    1[Ae Ro- npeAeJInpoqHocrl'I6erona npn cxarnn B rcelcnz
    nocre TBepAeHHg B HOpManbHbIx ycJIoBHflX B
    reqeHl{e28 cyrox;

    L-
    PASIEil nEPBbrn. OEUHn
    316
    Ta1tuqa 6-81 Ta6nu4a6-8t
    HcxoAnue cocraBbl 6erona Ha rpaBI{H KpynHocrbP 40 un Beruqnsa saqa.ruHofi Bo4o[orpe6Hocru (Bd 6eroHa s rt
    ruaPrir 250
    H noPTnaH,u.IIeMeHTe
    flpn rpaeurf Kpynuocrbro B .n,rrro
    Xaparrepncruxa 6eron- '
    uofi cuecu Mapra 6erosa .repes28 clroK:100 Bnn beroHa

    pacxo;L Ha I .rt3 6erona


    ocalKa Ko- EeroH Ha rroprnaH,u.ue-
    Hyca B .r'{,rt
    aKo-IIo pTJIaH4-
    MeHTe,rrrJr
    ueveHTe H necKe cPe,q-
    Hefi Kpynuocrn 130 140 r50
    10-20 35-25 :3,4:6,1 210 150 To xe, npu KpyrrHoM
    30-40 25-15 : 3 , 1: 5 , 8 225 r60 necKe 120 130 140
    40-60 1 5- t 2 :2,8:5,4 240 170 EeroH Ha nyu[oJraHo-
    60-80 l2- 10 2 2 , 524 , 5 250 175 BOMnOprnaHArIeMeHTeH
    rrecKe cpeAHefiK pyrrHocrH 150 160 t70
    To xe, flpH KpyrrHoM
    necKe 140 150. r60
    Tenbllofi npoBepKofi noABI{x(HocrI{ IlonyqaeMofi 6etonuofi
    CMCCHH C BHECCHI{CM COOTBETCTBYIOUIHX H3MEHCHHH B PAC-
    xoA qeMeHTa, ecJIH Konl{qecrBo BoAbI' Tpe6yeMoe Anfl IIo- I-I p n u e rr a H n s. l. Ta6a. 6-83 cocraBneHa .[.nr 6eroua, yx-
    flyqeHHq 6erona 3aAaHHOfi TIOABH}KHOCTI'I, OTrl'Iqaercq or raltHBaeMoro qepeg 30 t'luu. nocre nepeMeuuBaHlts; rIpH yl(,ranbrBaHHH
    paHee HJrrrno3.a,Heearoro cpoKa Ha Karrrble 15 ao6aco,{Hbtx HJIH Heao-
    yKa3aHHoro B ra6rl. 6-81 H 6-82. craoruHx MnHyr 3naqrHne Ilo nsuenreTcs He +5 ,t.
    2. Ilpn aaMeHe rpaBl,rq ure6uelt 3HaqeHHe Be yee.:nsaBaercfl na20 t
    Tafttuqa 6-82

    Hcxo4Hue cocraBbl 6eroHa Ha rpaBl{lr KpyrlHocrbrc 40 nn


    Pacxo4 IreMeHTa Ha I u3 6erona (U) orpeAeJlflercq no
    R noPTnaHAqeMeHTevapnn 400
    Qoptr,ty.ne:
    Xapaxrepucrura 6e-
    tounoft cMecn
    Mapra 6erona qepe3 28 cYror-150
    u,:B(rff+o,r), (6-27 |

    fIOKA3ATEJIb gouusa.rlnuft co' pacxoE sa 1 -ttz6erosa


    ocaAKa Ko- nolBH)|(- craB no necy (ue- rAe B - eoAonorpe6uocrb Ha I n3 6etona, onpeAenen-
    Hyca B il.ilr HOCTH B CC- MeIrT: necoK: Ipa- r H8f Bbl[e;
    KyHAax nuft) IlEMEHTA
    BKE
    BO.[bl B ./z .4 -
    xoaS$uuueur, paeultfi .Lilfl 6€ToHoBHa rpaBHI'I2,
    a Ha ute6ne- 1,8;
    r50 Ro-Tpe6yeMafi MapKa 6eroHa npu cpoKe rBepAeHHs
    10-20 35 -25 :3,6:6,4 200 n 28 cyrox;
    20-40 25-t5 :3,2:6,0 2t5 160
    Ru- MapKa IIeMeHTa rrpu Ton xe cpoKe rBepAeHHq'
    40-60 l5-12 : 3 , 0: 5 , 6 230 170
    uro u fi6.
    60-80 l2-10 2 2 , 72 5 , 3 240 175
    Pacqer pacxoAa 3anoJIIIHTeJIeft6eroua npoll3BoAHTcs
    ra6n. 6-84.
    Ta6auqa 6-84

    4. Jla6oparopHblfino,q6opcocraBa 6eroHa Pacxo4 sanoJlnl{retefiHa I u3 6etona


    no cnoco6yUHI4IIC
    Pacxol. tra I xB
    6erosa
    Pacqer BoAo[orpe6uocru Ha I na 6erosa [pon3BoAsr I rpaBHq
    3a.u.aRnasKoHcHcreuq,ng 6erosa necKa B lHn{ uleo-
    no Qopuy.nau:
    .ttz ll7) I u g n . n 3
    AJIfl BH6pHpoBaHHoro6eroua I rrr
    Bro: 0,5(e0- /) * Bo; (6-25)
    )I(ecrrufi 6 e r o H , y K n a . { H B a e M F , tcf i
    B H 6 p H p o B a H H e(M
    oca4ra
    AJrfl6eroHapf{Hoft yxnanxw TIUATCJIbHbIM
    0 -2 crt) 0,ga
    Bro:5s+(Bo+10), (6-26) B e r o H c p e A H e f in o l B r t x H o c r n , Y K -
    i r i ' A H B a e n s r f ic v u 6 p a u u e f r H n H B p - y q -
    r,r€ l-yao6oyKIIaIbIBaer{ocrb B c€KyH.qax''ottpeAeJIeH- H-y r o ( o c a l r a 3 - - 5 c z ) 0,9
    Hafl, Ha rpu6op,e npoQ. Crpauraena; E e r o n n J l a c r u q H u f i y, u a n b l B a e M b I f t
    S - ocaAKa KoHyca B crt; BpyqHyro (ocaAxa 7-12 c.tt) I ,la O,ZS
    .Bo- HaqaJlbHasBcAonorpe6socft (xo.nHuecrBoBoAbI I
    'ta6,n. 6-83;
    B Jt), npHBoALlMafl, B
    Bn - BOAO[,OTpe6uoCru ,.Jrn 6eroHa, yKJIaAbLBaeMoro tI p H M e,t a H I't e. a-[ycrornocTb rpaBnq tlxH ue6ns, BbtpaxeH-
    qepe3 30 IMHH. IIocJIe ilepeMeIlHBaHHfl. Hass ioasx o6teua.
    nNABA IgECTAfl. MATEPHAJIbI, NPHMEHflEMbIE B THTPOI'EXHIITIECKOM CTPOHTEJI6CTBE

    B cocraBe 6eroHa (U : g : IT : f), norryqeHHoM pacqe- - rpannfi c n.flasuofi11 Bbr-


    3) xpynnsrfi 3anonr{HreJrb
    mM, npoBepqtoT Ha KOHTpoJrbHoM SaMece efo KoHclrcTeH- nyx.nofixpuuofi npoceHBarrtflH c Ao6aBKofrr
    20-250/orue6-
    .Iluro H yno6oyx.naAbrBaeMocrr.O6r,eM 3aMeca - 25 rt nilfl Hrr Anfl ytseflHqeHHfl cBq3HocTIC pacTBopa c SanoJrHHTeJleI\{;
    tpex ry6on 20X20X20 cn (r.rnu 12,5 n Ann rpex xy6on 3epHa 3anoJrHHT€Jlq Aoflx(Hbr 6urs ue 6olee l/a .(r-raM€Tpa
    t5xl5xl5 c u ) . ) J , n n 3 a M e c ao r M e p f l r o r n o t l q o ' ( u , ' r nt / a o ) rpy6H H '1, npocBeTa Me)KAy crep)KHqMr.r apMarypbr, Ho
    gacTH oT HopMbr pacxoAa MdT€prHflr.g,s Ha I n3 6eroHa, ne 6oaee 60 nn;
    IlepeMeuHBaroT tr onpeAeJrflroTKoHcHcTeHr{}rrc - KoHycoM, 4) necox-oKaraHHlrfi, c naasnofi xpunofi npoceuBa;{Hq,
    yao6oyr<.naa.brBaeMocrb - Ha upu6ope npo$. Cxpauraeaa. c coAep)KaHHenMeJIKHx rIacrHII (0,15 u 0,30 ttu), Ha
    Ecan rroABlrxrHocrbMaccbr r{pegMepHa,yMenbrrra}or pac- l0-150/o 6o.nuuruM,qer{ no |OCT 4797-49.
    xoA uet{eHra (U) H BoAn (B), coxpaHtfl nocroflirHbrM Coctas 6eroHa Aonxeu noA6uparscs corJlacuo |OCT
    oTHorrreHHe BIU; ecnn noABuxHocrb Maccbr HeAocTaroqHa, 4801-49, a raKxe c co6nrcAeHr{eMcneAyloulflx cneuHanl-
    npH6an.nnlorueMeHra (Urca) H BoAbr (Baoo); raK no- uux rpe6osaHHfi:
    -crynaror, rroKa He 6yaer noryqeH 6eron 3aAaHHofi KoHcr{- I ) npor{Hocrb ry6uron, r.r3roroBJreHHbrx
    cof.rracHo |OCT
    'creHuHH H yAo6oyKraAbrBaeMocru. 4800-49, Aorr)KHa 6urr sa 20010Bbrrre npoextuoft MapKr{;
    Ens rloJryqeHl{flAericrsureJrbHoro o6renauoro Beca cBe- 2\ ocaAKa r{oHyca Hs 6eroHHofi cuecu AoJr)KHa6um B
    )Keynox(eHHoro 6erosa neo6xoAnrrro ero onpeAe- npeAeJrax 16-20 cil; npn pacnnbrBe KoHyca He AoJrxHo
    To npoHcxoAr.rTboTAefleHHqpacTBopa oT xpynHoro SanoJrHH-
    ..IIItrb onbrrHblM rryreM, TaK KaK oE He 6y,uer rorlHo coor-
    TeJrfl; 6erouHag cMecb, yJroxeHHafl B IIHJIHHApo6teuou
    BercrB'oBarb pacqerrroMy 'o6reltuoMy Becy (tp), onpeAe- 10-20 r, He AoJrlKHaorAerqrb sa 2 qaca BoAbr 6onee
    JIrIeMoMy IIo pacq,erHoMy pacxoAy Mar€pl{a,{a ,Ha I u3 1,50/oor o6reua 6eroua;
    ,6eroua:
    3) orHourTeJlbHoecoAeplr(aHuenecKa B cMecr{ ga[oJr']ru-
    'lp:I(U t 4ooo) + n 'tn*^r 1'1. (6-28)
    +(B t Baoo) .TuO AorIxHo 6urr B npeAerlax corrlacuo ta6.n. 6-85.

    Orsomenue MexAy Hr{Mr{Aacr noupauounsrfixoeQQu- Ta6autqa 6-85


    unesr r(..
    To OrHocsreJrbHoe coAepxaHne necKa B cMecr{ ganounurelefi
    K: (6-2e)
    (B L B aod* Ilin*/-T,l'
    I(U+ Uooa)+ Han6orrrurafi KpynHocrb 3a[oJI-
    HHTCNfl B JI'TJI'
    fle Tn H Tr - o6rer,tubr,eBeca necKa I{ rpaBnfl. Por sano;ruHTenc
    Pacqer Ao3upoBr(prMarepuaJroB Ha I tts 6erona BeAercff
    rto qrreAyroquu $opruy.uau. necxa n %
    ColepxaHne
    OnpeleaeHue KoJrr{qecrBarIeMeETa ({) aeaercfl no Sop-
    Myne(6-27\. llpn Ro:110,Rq:300 u 8:200
    I'pannfi . 0,50-0,55 0,47-0,52
    : )2 3 2x z (n a I n B 6erona);
    u : 2 0 0 - 1( t , t # + o , u Il{e6eur.. .. 0,53-0,58 0,50-0,55

    I-[o: (4 + Unod K rcz; (6-30)


    B o : (B + B a o oK
    ) tt; (6-31) Bl4 n pacxoAeqeMeHracorJlacHo
    Ecnu [pr.r 3aAaHHbIx
    If o : IT K n 3 ; (6-32) |OCT 4B0l-49 IIoABI{x{Hoctr6etonnofi cuecn ne o6ecne-
    III,IBAETCq, BBOAHTb B COCTAB CMCCH AKTHB-
    PEKOMCIIAYCTCS
    (6-33) Hbre rHApaBJrHqecKHe v MenKoMoJIorbIe Ao6anxu no
    rAe 40, Bo,tro'ro - ^:";#JJ BecoBbre
    t(oJil{qecTBa rocT 4797-49.
    ,nas 6etoua.
    Ecan Ha npor.rgBoAcrBeganoJIHr{TeJIr{6yAyr LIMerbHHyIo 6-27. A OE A B K H B E E TOH bI tI P A C TBO PbI
    anaxnocrb, To ueo6xoAr.rruro yuectr: l) [pr{ Ao3HpoBKe Bo- AJI,I IIOBbIIIIEHHfl HX TIOABHXHOCTH,
    IU - pa3HOCTbB COAepx(aHHLTBJIaTH B 3anoJIHHTeJIgX; MOP O3OC TOI' IK OC THH A OJIIOB E qHO CTH
    2) usnreneuue o6re,Ma rrecKa IIpH I,I3MeHeHHLI ero B"rIaxHo-
    CTIT. 1. [I.rracrnQHIII,IpoBaHHbIe IIeMeHrbI
    Anq onpeAeneunq Ao3HpoBKHMarepl{anoB s 6eronol{e-
    ruaJrKH c K,oBrrr'oMeuroctlto 150, 250, 375, 500, 1 000 u v nJracrlrsHqHpylolqHe AodaBKH KOHIIeHrparoB
    2200 /z pacrreTHbrepacxoAbr MarepHaJIoBHa | 4t 6eroua cyJlb$HrHo-cnHproBofi 6apAut
    yMeHbrnarcrcoorBercrnesno s 10;6; 4; 3; 1,5 s 0,68 pasa.
    Ars yBeJIHqeHI,Ifl noABHx{HocrI,I 6eronnofi cMecI'I, ee
    cBqsHOCrHnpOrHB paccnoeHHfi ilpll TpaHcdloprHpoBKe!I
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    PA?,A,EJI TIEPB6IN. OEAH H
    318

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    6-H. EHTyMHbIE 14 I.HAPOI4SOJTflUHOHHbIEMATEPHAJIbI


    6-28. EI4TyMbI H IIEKH ra6nuqa 6-87
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    r p a u u n ) n p r . r2 5 o n p n 200 121-200 8r- 120 81-120 41-80 4l -80 2400-50
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    lxr

    PA3I]EJI NEPBhIN. OEIuHN


    320
    I

    Ta6nw4a 6-91 Ifpodotacenue ra6a. O-llZ


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    6-K. TIPOqIIE MATEPI,{AJIbI

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    neJIbHbIXeereeft He 6o.nee 4 cJt u nruuorl He MeHee rorl ourrHKoBaHHorlnpoBo.rroKu ro"rulr.ruorl or 0,7 ab
    1,5 .tt; 4,2 Au+t.Arq rflx(eJrbrx raSuoHos qaue npuMeHfltor npo-
    2) $auuubr oAHoKoMeJrbnbre A"rruttofi2,5-2,75 i, E ro.r- BOJIOKyCer{eHr{eM2,7-3,9 ntt.
    tql{Hofi 0,25-0,4 ,t H3 BerBefi Tex )Ke pa3MepoB, qro v Cerxu H3roroBnflroT c sqefixaun xnaAparnofi, pou6uue-
    B tr. l, ynoxeHHblx KoMJTffMHB oAHy cropoHv, $arultrrt cKofi r{ uecruyronbHofi $oprran 17 pa3nnqHblx pa3ilIepoB
    .[ByxKoMe.IIbHbre.[JrHHofi 4-4,5 iJt, xBopocraHbre KaHarbl, B 3AB}ICHMOCTH OT HA3HAqCHHfi.
    a -

    TJIABA IIIECTAfl. MATEPHAJIbI, NPHMEHflEMbIE B rH N,POTEXH H LIECKOM C TPO H TEJI hC TB E


    321
    Ta6ttu4a 6-94 Ta1ttuqa 6-96
    Tpe6onanun K )KHAKoMy
    Pasruepu cqeeK ceroK H Tonrqnna npoBonoKn ^ge_x4J (cu.nuxary uarpnn)
    (no IOCT 962-41)

    I:lunl,rxurxoro crerna
    To,rurtttta
    Pon ruarepuaaa npoBoxot(ll I-loragaren u
    coJ,oBo-
    B .rl'rl co.a,oBoe ylrSarHoc
    .ru$arHoe

    l-laorHocru B e crF l , 5 c - 1 , 5 5 1 , 4 3- 1, 5 0
    Merxaq r?Jrr.rK?
    H ure6eHb 50x 70 1,43-1..i0
    2,0-2,5 moayri : : : : 2 , 6 0 - 3 , 0 0 2 , 5 6- 3 , 0 C 2,65-3,00
    6ox so 2,0-'7 ,8 "i"*ra-',
    Xl.rrvrtlqecrrlft coctas e %:
    a ) x p e m u e s e n( S i O t . 32,0-34,5 25-32 28-32
    Cpeannn raJrbKaH ure6eut 80x100 2,5-3,1 6) orucr karbqns(CaO) . 0,20 0,30 0,35
    l00x 120 2,8-3,4 n ) o x u c r H a r p H n( N a 2 O ) . l1-13,5 10-12 10-12
    KpynHan raJrbKar.r Kar.reHb 120x140 3 ,1 - 3 , 9 r) cepnsrfi aHrr{Jrpur(SOr)
    He ooJree . . 0,18
    150xr 80 3,4-4,2 a) oxncl )Kere3a l,l oKHcb
    1,0 1.;
    anloMr.rnr.rs(Fe2O"*
    +Al2Os) He 6oaee 0,50
    e) noalr ue 6o.nee 60
    6- 33. CHJ I H KA T .IJ Ib IE A VI P AC T BOP HMOE
    C T E KJ IO 6-34. XJIOPHCTbIT'IKAJIbIIHIA

    Ta1ttuqa 6-95 Ta6ttu4a 6-97


    OcHosHhrerpe6oBaHufi K XJTOpHCTOMyKaJrbrlulo
    Tpe6onanvfl, K cvrlrnrar- r.nu6e ( f o c T 450-4r)
    (no fOCT 917-4rl
    Xnrrrnqecrnii cocraB I-ft copr 2-ft copr

    XuMu,{ecxuft
    cocTaB
    cvrboarHatl Xnopncrnfi xaanurrfi 6es-
    noAsurii He MeHee . 67 0'n 67 o/o
    Xropncrufi uarurefi He 6o-
    KpeuHeae,v JIEC 0,9% H e HOpMr,rp\.eT-
    (sior) 7 l ,5 -7 3 ,0 0 /6 7 0 - 7 2 , 5 % 70-72,5% Xropncrufi uarpuir se 6o- cs
    Oxucs HarpHrr .net 2,0t),;, To xe
    (Na20) 26-27 ,5o/o 25-27,5% 25-27 ,507s Hepacrnopulrufi B Bo.4eoc-
    Oxucr KaJrb- raroK (npoxa.teuulrfi) He
    uuq (CaO) 6oree 0,29r, 0,5%
    He 6olee . 0,49',o 0,60/o 0 , 8? 6
    CepHufi aH-
    nl.qpnr (SOr)
    ue 6o.nee . Paauonir4Hocu{ TexHuqecKof,o x,-ropHcrofo KaJrbrrr{r:
    0,36% | ,5% 2,0%
    Oracr xeJre- Kpr4crallJluqecKafl coJrb c 6 unu 4 qacrqMrr rBoAbI, 6eaao.{,-
    3a H OKHCb
    Hurfi, nnauenurft pr soAHrbrilpacrBotp.
    AJIIOMhHI,Ifl
    Co,4epxa,n_u-e CaClz B ,BoiHoN{ pacrnope Ao.irxuo 6nrr
    ( F er O 3f He Me'Hee30Y0.
    +A1203) ["rn cunuKarn3arluu rpyHToB, ,6eroHcs H KaMeHHorlx.na.r-
    ue 6o.nee. KH rnpl{MeHrrercflx.nopacrnli xansrlnii yre-irbHbrM Beco}r
    0,794 7,2y0 | ,6-2,00/o
    or l,2l Ao I,30.
    Mo.uy;rncrrrru-
    KaTa HaTpHfl
    X"trop,lrcrtrfi xa.ttqlrft Aocra,BJIflercr B repMerr.iqecKnx
    sio2 neraJlJrr{r{ecKHx6apa6auax BecoM 160 ra 180 rca Herro.
    ,7--
    "-
    . . 2,65-3,0 2,63-3,0 2,63-3,0
    NarO 6-35. UEPE3HT
    flepesltr flpr4Meurercq AJrfl npI{AaHH,r Bo-],oHenpoHHr{ae-
    Mocru r{eMeHrHbrM pacrBcpaM. I_lepesuT BbrlrycKaercfi B
    Als crlJrlrKarr.r3arIHr,r
    rpyHToB, 6erouuor? tr) xarreuuofi BHAe cycneHeuri, Tpa,Horroprupyercfl B AepeBflHHbrx 6oq-
    KJIANKH: Kax (no 150-200 Ke) LrJrLr MeraJr.rnqecKnx 6asxax (no
    I ) KoHI{eHTpaur{fl )KH,TKoro creKJra (yle.nsnrrfi eec) 10-20 K e ). C u e c s r o , B a p H o f o q e p e 3 r a T a c l 0 q a c r f i I { H
    Ao_Jrx(Ha6urs rrpu MoAyae 2,5 He MeHee 1,45, nptr \io-tyJre BOAbr .{aeT rlepeSI{,ToBoe Mo"rToKC; npu 6ao.naenoe K pac-
    3,0 ue MgHee l,4l;; rB opy ueMeH:rnecoK (l :2 u I : 3). fl ponopur lnqepe3z-
    2) HepacrBopn,Mbrxnpn'uecefi - He 6o.nee 2010. roBopo MoJr,oKa1: l0 paccrinTaHaHa coreplKaHr,reBo,;Ibr
    Cu.nnrar-r.nnr6y xpaHrrr Ha orKpbrroM Bo3.{yxe B yuro- B pacrBope 180/o;AJrf pacrBopoBc x,pynofi r{oHcHcreHrl}r-
    3arpfl3HeHr.re;pacrBopbr- B -Iepe-
    BHffx, Hc,r{.IrtoqaruulHx eft Ha 1 qacrr t1epe3xTa e1e4]€T 6parn KoJruqecrBo Bo-
    BflHHbrx 6oqxax v crex.[qHFroft Tape. AbI, yKa3aHHoe B ra6.r. 6-98.
    tl 3ar. 125
    PA3AEJI NEPBHN. OEUHN
    322
    Ta1nuua 6-98 Pacxoa rleMeHra H qepe3uroB M O I O K a H a I rr pac-
    rBopoB pa3Horo cocraBa (no AaH H M 3 a B O A a <lfepesxu)
    Onpelelenue cocraBa qepegHToBoro MoJIoKa
    qeMeHTHO-BOAHoroorHoueyHq (r{/l'1 (ulB) npHBe.4eHe ra6r. 6-100 tE 6.-l l .
    B 3 a B H C H M O C T HO r

    B o l u n o o r n o - | O 6 ' s e u u r ' i ic o -
    rueHHro K BCCy I crau ueocsuro- Pacxo.a.uepe3H- Ta1nuqa 6-100
    {,8 no necy cyxou cMecH I BOro nonoKa ra Ha I .u3
    o"";51""t (uePesnr:soaa) pacrBopa B Ke
    ;t:t- | PacxoA rreMeHTa necKa
    '2,5 10,0 Pacxorr ueMeHTa B Ke Pacxo,l necxa e ,tr
    2,0 1 2 ,5 gE sa I tw2 npr{ ToJuuH- sa I tt npH Tonutuue
    7 I5,0 1-u
    u O He H30rctlHoHHoro H S o n q u H o H H o f oc r o q
    , t
    ,1 ua | ,t3 CnOfl B Jltlrt B .X-r4
    7 7, 5 a.F
    F
    pac-
    ,3 18,0 E
    trer
    =
    rBopa
    ,25 20,0 Ei 30
    ,l 22,5
    V a e . l l n u i i B e c u c p e 3 u r a- 1 , 0 6 .
    Ta6ttuqa 6-99
    Pacxo,u,qepe3ura Ha I u2 noBepxHocru
    rHApOl,l3OJlgqHoHHoro cJIos 1 : 1 I 083 2 1 , 6 632,49 0 , 0 1 50
    4 , 0 2 3 0,0309
    1

    Toaurusa fn.[pou3onq- Pac-rioa [epe3HTa


    BK2
    722 732 14,642 1, 9 6 0 , 0 3 102, 0 4 1 6
    0,0208
    TIHOHHOfOCnOs B C.rr

    1 : 3 497 9 , 9 4 1 4 9 l 0,02120 , 0 3 10,0424


    8

    Ta6ttu4a 6-101

    Pacxo.q qepeguroBoro MoroKa

    Pacxo: lepesuroBoro Mo,rtoKa B Ke

    xnq pacrBopa c Brarinocttto 9zo_npn c o c r a B e l l e p e 3 s r o B o f o r n s p a c r B o p a c B , ' r a x H o c r u r o l 8 % nprj cocraBe uepesr{roBoro


    ?^ \{CJIOKAI : D i t"tO.riOXaI 1 0

    na 1 ,lti nplt ToJItltHHe H30irfl u.l{oHHofo c.Ilofi aa I n2 npu rorr He H3OlIstlHOHiIOfO C,'IOfl
    B JllJrt B ruw
    F 6.)
    5:>
    Xcr

    :1 155 3,1 4,65 6,2 305 6,1 9,14 1 2 ,1 8


    z2 125 2,5 3,75 5,0 245 4,9 7, 3 5 I
    :3 100 ) o
    - r " J + 195 3,9 5, 8 5 7,8

    JII4TEPATYPA
    1. Bper'lennble rexnxrrecxue ycnoBHs Ha BoronenponHlraeMble pac- 8. flpoueno:crao pa6or uo ycrpo a c b a a u r o e b r x n H , u . D o t l 3 o n- f l
    lxHpfltoulHecff UeMeHTbr, MeTO.[bl $USuveCXnX H MexaHHqeCKH\ HCnbITa- unft rn,uporexHHqecKHX coopy)Ketuft, Ty 115j49, M3C, 1950.
    Hr.rfi HX r.r HHcrpyKrrlin no IIpHrleHeHHIo 3rHX ueMenroe (TV 66-50; 9 . C r p a M t a e e E . f . , f l o n oB H- A., f eprvrBa-
    Tv 68-50; ty 69-'5-O;TV 70-50; h \+S-SO u 14 146-50). H o B H . A . H M y . E p o B f . I - . , C r pHTeJrbBbIeMarepna.[bt, fIPou -
    2. I p H ur Lr n M. M., nPoQ., fu.u,porexunqecKue coopY;,I(eHus' crpoftns.u,ar,1952.
    q. II, I.occrpofiueaar, 1949. 10. Cnpaao,rHlrKMaurHHocrpourerq,T 2 , M a u r r H s , 1 9 5 2 .
    3. I4ncriryxutfl no cHJIHKarH3auHI'IrpyHroe, MCflTl4' 1952. 11. Cupaeo.rHuK a p x H r e x r o p a r, . I X . rpoHTenbHbIe Marep HaJIsr, Vl3'
    4 . 1 4 H c r p y x t t u s n o u e M e H T a u t t H H c H . r I t l l ( a r ] I 3 a u t l H6 e t o u u s r x u x a - aarenbcrBo Axa,(eunu apxHTeKTyFur, 195
    '12.
    lreHHbrx Kra.u,oK fH.u,porexHHqecKHx coopyxettnfi, crpofiroeurlopH3Aar' T e x H H , { e c K H ey c n o B n q H a n p o H a r -r.crBou npHeMKyo6uecrPor-
    1947. re,rbHbrx H cneuuanbsu-x Da6or. O6urec loure,runrte pa6oru, CrPoft-
    usaar,1948.
    5. Kxpnusnble rurporexnl{qecKHe coopyxeHHs, TV u Hn i\13C' 1947. 1 3 . T e x H n q e c x h ey c n o B u s H a u e M e n uHro TpeITIHHOBaTbIX CKarb-
    6. K o B e n b u a u h. A., Cneunaabnble crpoure,'lbHble MarepHanu' Hbrx nopo.u H rpaBeJrucrbrxfpyHroe, Ma usaar, 1950.
    K p a r x n f i c n p a B o q H H K . I - o c y , n a p c r B e H H o et r 3 . r . a r e J l b c r B o n u r e p a r y p b l u o -
    14. Tpy6onpoBorrbl HanopHble craJrbu .[,nff rHJLpOsneKTporexHnqe
    crpoHTeJrbcTByH apxHTeKrype, lvoz. s.(ar, 1952.
    C K H Kc r a n u u f t , T Y n H t I M 3 C , l o c e n e l
    7. M o c K B H n B. M., Kopposur 6erona, focyaapcreeHHoe H3- -
    15. TexnuqecKHe yc.roBnq Ha upou3 ACrBO rH,ll,poTexHHqecKIrxpa
    4arerbcrBo nHTeparypbr no crpoHrenbcrB]' I'I apxl'lreKrype, 1952. 6or. fauHuaaur{rr ocHoBaunft, locanepro ar,1942.
    E,
    Et*

    I
    I
    I

    I
    I

    TJIABA CE,A,bMAfl

    I
    I
    O E U N E H O P M b IN P O E K T I 4 P O B A H H f l
    I
    I
    I
    T H A P O T E X H H T I E C K IC
    4OX OPYXENNN
    7_ 1 . K J I A C C H O H K A I I H ' T H . T I . P O T E X H H I I E C K H X EHOBb BO3BOAHMbTX
    H peKOHCTpyHp';erlbtx
    ft.r.fpoTexHt{qe-
    cooPyxEHHH rro KATTHTAJTbHoCTH
    17) cKHX coopyxeuirir.
    O6rexrsr rH,lporexHtrqecKorocrpoltre.rbcrBa no-tpa3re-
    K.naccuQu,KauHrrpacnpmrpaHqercq Ha npoeKrr.rpoBaHr{e Jlsrorcff Ha KaTef,opr.ru
    cof.[acHo ra6,r. 7-1.
    Ta6nu4a 7-1
    lloxasareJlu AJIfl ycraHoBJIeHHq Karerophl.r o6rerroB rHAporexHHqecxoro crpoHTeJrbcrBa

    tsHvrpeHHHe BojlHble
    I{err uoparu nHbre c r.rcreMbl Peqssre noprbl
    Kareropur
    o6rexra
    cTpoHTenb- n.loulalb nenHopr.r- cpeLHec\-Toq- i cDe.lHecr;Tor{-
    CTBA xapar(Tep MerHopauHH pyeuHx 3eMe-]b Kare!-cpr,rs BH\''fp3HHt{\ abrt rD\'3o- I Hurir nacca-
    B Tbtc. eu BOIHbI\ TI\'1'EH ooopcr Brbic. i )+(Hpoooopor
    irl I a qe,r.-tHcx

    bo.iree 250 OpoueHue r4.'lu ocyueHue Eo,ree 250 6o.ree lt)

    a ) O p o u - r e u u e H . ' l Ho c y m e u H e Or 250 ao 7; .\larncrpa.rlHr,ie Or lt-,;9 3


    6) O6soaneHHe 6o-'ree500
    e) O6eaaoeaH;re 250
    "
    Or 50 .ro 2 a) Opourenae HnH ocvueHr,re 75 21 JlecrHoro 3Haqer:Ilg Or 3 :o 0,5 Or 500 :o 2Ct0
    6) O6soaHeHue 500 100
    ei 06saaoaatrue 254

    Or 2 ao 0,2 a ) O p o u r e n a eu r u o c v u e H H e 25 r{eHee .\lecrgoro :iHilqeHuq- t: ]t eH ee 2 0 Ca r r e H e e


    6) 06aoauegae 100 rrairble peKH
    e) O6eaaoBaHue

    OtAe.[nHure nocT'ofHHbrerHApoTexHHr{ecKHe
    co,opyx{er{Hf 2 . K a p e v e H H b r . \ rn u . t p ) r e x r { t { q e c K H . \ rc o o p } - ; + i e H H f l \or r H o c q r c r i c o o p y -
    ;+(eHHC, HCIIOIb3]'€\rbl€ B nep;4O:i CTpOit'IeJ-IbcTaa o6+,eiira H.rrt{pe\{oHTa
    oTHOCfiTCfi K OCH.OBHbIM UJII{ BTO.DOCTCIIEHHbiM C'OI-IIACH.O or.[enbgb,tx ero coopy;ieur.tit. nepeubtqKu, c-poilretbirbre ao.x.oc6Docsr
    ra6Jr. 7-2. H B O . [ . O B O i l(br r1 - n a e . r N ,K a H a . r b t r r n p . ) , B p e ] r a i { H b r et u . l r o 3 b r j H a c o c H b r e
    f l p u u e q a H H s. 1. K nocrogHHhrrr rr{.[porexHHqectiHM coopy)Ke- cTaH[HH H .[p.
    HHqM OTHOC'ITC'I c o o p y l i e H H g , H c I I o J b 3 y e . \ r b l en p r { ' j K c I t . i t ] a T a u H r . l
    o6rexra.

    Ta6.nutla 7-2
    Ocnonnue II BTopocreneHHHecoopy)r(eHus o6beKToB rnAporexHuqecKoro crponTexbcrBa

    HaHr,reHoeaHue O6rexru rurporexHr4qecKofo crpoHTe.'rbcrBa


    coopyxexrir
    no Hx 3HaqeHi4IO
    s o6texre rH.u.posneKTpr.rq
    ecx He rre.rHopaTH EHbte cncTeM bl BHyrpeHHlre BolHbre nyrtl peqHue nopTbr
    cTaHrlHlr

    Ocnotlrue Coopy>renur, npeKpaureHHe CoopyxeHna, npeKpaueHHe Coopy;rennq, npeKoarueHHe Coopy-xenua. rpeKpaueEHe


    paoorbr Koropbrx B cnyqae pe- pa6oru Koropblx tsclyqae pe- pa6oru xoropbrx ts c.{yqae pe- paoo-i'EJKoropbl\ B cnyqae pe-
    MOHTA H.IIH ABAPI{I BNCqET 3A Mojrr3 HJrH aBapHr.r B.reqer 3a r\roHTa r!.r11aBapH!,rBreqeT 3a M O H T er i . ' l H a B a p H H B n e q e T 3 a
    co6ofi atrarrHTerbsoe yMeHbue- coooH flpeKpaureHHe r,rJrH3Ha- co6ofi nper'paureHHe H.iur 3Ha- co6oii npeKpaureHlle HnH 3Ha-
    Hr{e MouIHocTH rH,[poSneKrpO- qHTe.lbHOe u .[,JrHTe,lbHOe q H T e n b H o e c o K p a u e r r H e c \ r . : l o - qLrTe.l5HOe COKpalrleH]te .[eg-
    cTaHuHH H,[H )Ke IIO.IHyn OCTa- yMeflbureHHe no.[aqk Bo.rr.btB \ O . { . C T B a U . 1 H . l € C 0 C I I r 1 d B 0 .A TenbHocTH peqHoro nopTa,
    HOBKy ee, a HMeHHO: opocnrenbHbre vru o6soaHu- HMEHHO: a H\1eH!{O:
    TeJlbHble CHCTe\1F,|,nOATOnne-
    H H e ro c y u a e M o t i r . l 3 a T o n . : r e H H e
    o 6 e a . r o s H e a ei t o r i T e p p r { T o p H H ,
    A TNIEHHO:
    a) rOxOBHble j3;rH - IJIOTH- a) noaonHue ]tglu - nrorH- a) Cy.'lC\Oj.HblC NlHs:1bI. 3a- a) n3ccaaiHpcKHe npHqa.!b{
    Hd, eo,toc6poctt, BoJo- Hbl, HacocHbte cTaHuHH, rpa lnTe.trbHrte Bopora
    npHeMHr,rKH H T. n. BOnOnpHerlHnKH, BOnO-
    cOpocbr rr r. n.

    2l'i'
    I>A3n EJI n EPBI'114. OEIQH I'i
    324
    Ifpodotzcrce\ue ra6n. 7-2

    O (l r'e rtr'r r Hxporex HHt{ccKo ro crpoHTen bcrBa

    ,/ peqHble noprbt
    fH^po3Jl e Krp Hqcc KHe rtcnHopaTHBHlie cHcreMbl nHyTpeHHHe BO,IIHble [yr[l
    C T AH U H H

    bre (r'aanuue)
    6) r-larucrpa,rrbH 6) ruatosut, no.u,xor.IlHe KaHaJtbl 6) uexaureHpoBaHHHe rPY'
    OcHosnbre 6) .u.epnnauuq-KaHaJlbI, Mo- 30Bble npHrlaJ|bl, cJIyx(a-
    crbl-Bo,ltoBo.ll,bl, nloKepbl! KaHaJIbI H coopyr+(eHHnHa K lI.JIlO3aM, 3aTBOpH, CU-
    creMbl HanorHcHHc. npo- ruhe rnR nepepa6orxu
    ryHHenH, rpy6onPoao.u.ur Ht,lx
    runoaoapnftHue ycrpoft- rpy3oo6opora ro ocIloB-
    H T . N .
    CTBA HbrMrpy3alu nopra: Kpa-
    HOBbre onopbl; coopy)Ke-
    HHC npn HaruqHH Ha HHX
    no,[b eMHbtx rpaHcnoPrHblx
    MEXAHH3NIOB

    e) crauuuonHbte y3tbI-HanoP- a) rvrexxo3grlcrBeHHb|e opo- n) naolnnut, aau6u; cyno- n) orpa.nnre,tbHbte H Jlero3a-


    cHTeJIbEble, 06soIHI'lreal- xo.rrHbre pas6opnue nno- lllHTHble CoopyxelrHs'
    HHe 6accefiHbt. Bo,[oc6po-
    cbr, ypsBHHrefl bHble pe3_ep- Hble H OCylUHTerbHl,leKa- THHbl, BO.tl.oBo.llbI, Bo,lo- o6ecne'{uea}oluHe 6esaea-
    B y a p b l , r Y P 6 H H H l i l er P Y 6 o - HaJrbrH coopyxeHl.rq Ha Hnx npHeMrrHKu, Bo,q,oc6pocbl, pufi Hyto Pa6oiY ocHoBHblx
    npoBo.[bl, 3.E,aHufl f 3c, tso.{ocnYcKH c o o p y r + ( e H H i Aa, ' I a K X e o r -
    O T B O I C I I H CK A H A J I b I T , YH- crofi rhaora
    HCNH H T. N.

    r) orpa.nxrenbHbte aall6t'l lt.nn r) nanurauxonHac o6cranosKa r) naeura qltotrHag o6ctaHoexa


    BaIbl H coopy)'+(eHHqHa sHx
    g a c o 6 o f i n o c r e r c r B u l " l , ) r K a 3 a H H b l xr l r q o c B o B -
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    TJIAEA CENbMAfl. OEUHE HOPMbI NPOEKTPIPOBAHI.Ifl r H lIPOTEXH H TT


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    V Knacc 6 6 6
    Coopl'xeHua vJrH Hx gJreMeHTbr,KpoMe
    yKa3aHHbrxHH)r(e B HacToflrrlefi ra6,rnqe
    Brtcoxlre coopyxeHr{s: BoAoHanopHbre fl p u rrre t{ aH H c. l. B pafionax c ceficl,au rrc 9 6a a.roBrnapo-
    TexHHqecKHe coopy:+ierrus I xaacca loJrxHbr ojlHTbcff c .u,onorHH-
    6autHtt, BbIcoKHe onopbl MocroB, BbIcoKHe TeJIbHbTMHagruceircuaqecKHMH Meponpufrr{f,Mu cneqHaIbHbrMnpo-
    IIoAnopHbIe creHbI, BbIcoKI{e xene3o6eroH- EKTAM.
    HbIe, 6eroHHble H KaMeHHbIenJIoTHHbI: 2. llpu npoeKrHpoBaFr{H rH.uporexnHqecKux opHbrxcoopyxenuft,
    o6pasyrcurnx Bo]toxpaHranutrla 3HaquTerrbHbrx pa3 B, flpopbrB KoTo-
    a) y nepxa coopyx(eHnff Bbrcorofi F/. pbtx Moxer rroBJrer{bsa co6oft garonneuue Ha :IHbIX IyHKTOB HJIH
    6) y o6pe3a SyHAaMeHra coopyxeHr.rq. npoMbrun e HHbrx n p e InpHsT u t'i, c onpoBoxi.(arcute ec paspyrueHneM 3rla-
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    n) Ha [poMe)KyroqHbrx slrcorax lz . 1r r _r pacveruoft ceficME,ruocrn .rlonxHo 6trrl uo.u,Be Hyro oco6ouy pac-
    H cMoTpeHarcl H cneqnanbHo o6ocnosaHo.
    Pacnopune KoHcrpyrrrr.rn (apxu r{ cBoAbr)
    MecrHbre coeAr,rHeHlrs or.uenbHbrx qacrefi llpz pacrrere nJr,ornH, creH rrrJrrogoB roMy noAo6Hbrx
    coopyxeHufi : aHrepHbreoonrbr KoJroHH, Seprrr, fH,qpoTexHHqecKHxcoopyxerrHfi, coflprrK calolrlHxcfl c Bo-
    apoK, HerroABr4)KHbrx onop nponerHbrx cTpoe- A:k, cJre4yer yqr.rrbrBarb AonoJrHnTeJr o,e HHepuHoHHoe
    HHfi MocroB r.r r. u. (xpoMe aHKepHbrx 6o.rr- BO3AeiicrBr.re,npHJreraroIIIefi qacrH Bo , ,B03HHKalOIUee
    TOB Inr Kpe[neHHrr AepeBqHHbrx KoHcTpyK- npH 3eMJreTpffc€HHrI{.Bennqnua AoIIodrHHT bHofo ,[,aBJreHIts
    uufi); eJreMeHrbr KpenneHHrr BoAoHanopHbrx BOAbr H ero pacnpeAeneHHe IIo BbrooTe opyx{eHHrl Mox{er
    6axoe r 6aurne H r. rr.. . orrpe{enflTrcfi TaK:
    AnxepHne 6oaru Anrr KpenJreHr{rrAepe-
    BnHHbrx KoHcrpyKrlnfi .
    l, (7-21)

    e--_--_
    PA3J]EJI NEPBbIN. O6IIIITH
    332
    rAe qy - ropH3oHTaJrbHaflceiictultqecxan cHJra lrHepur.n4 HoBJrelrHbrx B pacrierHolt ilo-rr0xeHHHHa npoe:x<eii qacrH
    z rfnt Ha paccronHr.ru y or noBepxHocru Bo- napaJJe.xbHoocH coop)')KeHHfl.
    Abl B itt; / PacqerHag r(oJrotrHaaBTolt0,6HJreri nplr,HHMaercflcocror-
    r( .- ceiicnau,,recxufi
    xoarpsNuueur, onpe,te;lneusrr?tto ulefi ur prrna creAyrcurrx ,lpyr 3a Apyro,M B ycraHoBJreH-
    ra6n. 7-14; HoM nopflrKe (cxe,rasl Qur. 7-6) MautuH oAHHaKoBoro
    1- I rf ,tts- o6teMHuri sec Bo/tbr; Beca P (nopua;rsuslx), cpe-frr Koropbrx HMeercfl oAHH
    It - o6uan r'.ny6una BoAbr y coopy)KeHHrrB ,t, aerorro5rr.{F, yrrrxe,ueHHslfi. X.rnrua pacueruofi KoJroHHbr
    -V- rryOrrua B?,{br orHoc}rreJrb}IcpaccMarpueaer4ori H e o r p a H i l r J H B a e T C r r
    TOrilflt B .|tt.
    o) t,F7p p
    10. Hoprrrrr noABHx(Hbrx BepTHKaJrbHbrxHarpy3oK E -FE
    Arq pacrrera npoe3x(efi qacTr4 rHApoTexHHqecKHX
    to- \t F
    1S_ S
    :a

    coopyx{eHnfi noA aBroModuJlbHyrc Aopory Ill]


    l0*r 6tt
    a) O6u4ueno,xoerceuun. ycra-
    HIIX(eHop,Mbr
    flpuBoAl4Mbre
    H a ' E J I H B a I O TH O p M a r u B H b r e I O A B I { D K H b l e B e p r H K a J I b H b I e H a -
    rpy3Kl4 Arfl pacqera KoHcrpyrqufi Mocron, rpy6 u .rpyn{x o) l.3l) p p
    r.tcKyccrBeHnbrx coopyxeuli+l Ha ar:r,olto6HnbHbtx Aoporax.
    q . q a. a. a . q q q
    Hopuarunuan noABHX(Haq BeprHKaJIbHas Harpy3Ka rJ-Iq e ) r c5 t-\ a-J e\
    pacqera ucKyccrBeHHbrx coopyxeuurl Ha asloN.{o,6HJrbHbrx S' S; s ' d S s
    AOpOfax ycraHaBJrr.,rBaeTcfl Tpex ,BIInoB.
    l. HopuaruBHaa alBToMo6uJrbuafl Harpy3Ka no cxetltaM
    H - 1 8 , H - 1 3 ,H - 1 0 n H - 8 . 6n,-au'f6- E*,
    fl p u u e q a H u e. Cxeua HopMarHBIIoft asroMo6nlruofi Harpy3Kt't
    o6ogsaqaetcr 6yxnofi H u qucaou! coorBercrBylourHM Becy HopNtsr'lb' @ue. 7-6
    Horo aBTono6nts .u..rrs.u,aHnoficxeMH Harpy3l(u B ToHHax.

    2. Hoprraarl{B,HarrKoJIecHaff vrlu ryceHI4rIHafl Harpy3Ka


    no cxeMaM HK-80, Hf-60 n Hf-30. flplr pacqere coopylKeHnq HanpaBreHue ABItxeHar Bcex
    fI p r,rra e q a H H e- Cxena HopMarnBHofi roaecnoft uan rycexuvuoil
    pacr{eTHbrxKoJr,oHHnpHHlrMaeTcs B o.tHy cTopoHy.
    narpyexu o6ogua.raercR 6yxaaurr HK urlr Hf n saancrMocrrl or roro' Pacnoroxeurze aeroMo6r.rJeft n pacuerHofi KoJroHHenc
    KOrecHaS nH 3TO HnH ryceHHqHag HarpySKar H ql{croM, coorBercr- cxer{e H-18 npuHuMaercfl no Sur. 7-6,a, a no cxeMaM
    ByloullrM Becy pacveruoit Maurnnbt rnfl .[assofi cxeMbI Hanpy3KH B
    TOHHAX.
    H-13, H-10 H H-8-no Snr. 7-6,6.
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    3. HopvrarHBHar Harpy3Ka or r,o,rnbl. KoroHH rro cxeMaM H-18, H-13, H-10 14 H-8 npr{Be,teHbr
    floAsr.rxsue Beprl4KaJIbHbIeHarpy3Kn LJrfl pacqera fic' B ra6J.,7. 19-
    KyccrBeHHbrxcoopyx(eHflIl Ha3Har{arcTcsB 3aBHcHMocrIIor
    KarefopllH Aoporlr co,fJlacHo ra6n. 7-18. Ta1ttuua 7-19

    Ta1ttuua 7-18 Cxelra Hanpy3Ku

    MeraaluqecKHe, xere- H-18 H-10


    eo6erongHe H KaMeH- ,II,epenRnuule (Y)
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    IV H- l3 HI--60 r.uu H - 1 0 Hr-60 yKa3aHH- 3alHroro ocb 2xr 9,1 7,0 7,6
    Hf -30 H f -3 0 flM noA- Aae.renrreua
    H-8 Hf -30 IIyHKTA rrepe-fHroro
    HI--60 u.rrn H- 10 Hr-60IIflI,I ocb . 6 3,9 3 , 0 2 , 82 , 4
    Hf-30 Hr-,30
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    fl p u t'l e q a H n e. HopuarHBHafl ryceHuqHan Hatpy3ra .u,JIl.u.opor
    IV u V xareropnfi ycraHaB.{HBaercflno corJlaco IJaHHo c 3aflHrepeco-
    llpa pacuor€ I{rcK}ccrBeHHbtx coop}'x{eHufi na HopMarHB-
    B a H H b t M HM H H H C T e p C T B a MH
    UJ | HB e . I O r , r C T B a M H . Hyro aBTor{o6EJrbHyIo Hafp}'3liy Heo6.\o.{uMo}qIITbIBarb ee
    nr.{Ha.\.lHqecKoe BoBAeficrsHeB coorBercrBHl4 c yKa3aHHflMI{
    Kax<aoe coopyxeHHe pzlccuu:TblBaercr Ha Aeficrnne: 4efi crn1'rculux TexHfiqecKux )'grloBllfi.
    I ) HopMarHBHofi aBToMo6HJIbHofiHarpy3Kll, HopMarHBHofi flpu pacuere lIcKyccrBeHHbIXcoop.vxeHLrir Ha_HopM_aI4P-
    Harpy3KrH oT TOJrnbr, pacnoJroxenuoil Ha r,poryapax, a Hyrc- aBrouo6u.nruyro Harp)'3Ky no cxeMaM H-18, H-13,
    2) Hopuarunnoft l(oJrecHofiLIJIIzryceHutlHofi Harpy3Ku. H-10 H H-8 4,o,nyoKaercflHarpy3Ky or pacqerll,o,fi KoJIoH-
    6) Hopuarueuan aerono1unbHan HaepAsKa npll,HuMaer- Hbr aBToNIo6HJIefi3aMeHflTb 3I{BHBa.Tleirno*i Harpy3l{ofi
    cq cocrosulefi r4s pacr{erHblx KoJroHH asro,luo6Hreli, ycra- ( c r u r [. 1 1 ] ) .
    rflABA CE.TI'MAq. OEUHE HOPIVI'I NPOEKTUPOBAHHfl THN,POTEXHHITECKHX COOPY)I<EHHN
    333

    ' ss s
    a)
    s
    yrlHTbilBaroTcfl.
    e) HopuaTulHafl HaepAsla or roJrnbt inpuHuMaercrr
    A.rrfl
    pacqera r,rcKyccrBeHHbrx coopyxeuHrl Ha Aoporax Bcex
    xarenopzfi
    ! sHae paBHo,Mepuopacnpe,qe.nenn,ofi Harpy3Kri
    u rcef
    ,3,00 u2, pacncrraraevoli rortsxo Ha rporyapax.
    HopuarneHafl Harpy3Ka or roJrrrbrHa rporyapax ,npHHH-
    Maercf oAHoBpeMeHHo C HOpMarEeHorlaeroMo6t4nsHoi? sa-
    rpyaroft.
    Hacrua rporyapa, Kporre pacqera Ha HopMarr{BHyroHa-
    rpy3Ky o,T ToJrrrrrr,J.o.IrlKeH6urs npoBepeH Ha cocpeAoro_
    qeuHrrfi rpy3 B 130 rce.
    I-Iper pacr{ere 14cKyccrBeHHbrx coopyxeuuli, Koropbre He
    i - ^ liMeroT rpoTyall.o,B, uopuarunuad Harpy3Ka oT TOJrnbr He
    ts--./,0ll
    yqHTbrBaeTcH.
    .[,.trs rter]Jexo.nubrxilepexo4Hbrx r{ocroB rrepe3 aBToMa-
    rLIcrpa.JIH ^HopMaruBHafi Harpy3Ka or r,oJrrrbrIIpHTHHM?€TCfi
    paeHofi 400 tcelnz.

    qat,75 m/noem
    7 - 3 . P A C I I E T b IY C T O H q H B O C T H
    THApoTEXHHrtECKHX COOPyxEHHpt ([5], il7l)

    I. O6urne vKa3aHuq
    @ue. 7-7
    Pacqerrr ycrofiuueocra ruAporexHr4qecKHXcoopyxenzfi,
    HAXOAflIIIHXCfl NOI ]CfiCTEIICM BCPTI{KAJIbHbIX H TOPI4.3OII
    s) Hopuarueuan fioJtecHar u.1.u eACeH,u,uHarHaepVBKa TaIbHbIX Cfi./'I, npOH3BOAfiTCf:
    lipHHLIMaeTCfl COCTOflrrteftH3 OAHOfipacqerHofi MaTIHHbIHa a).Ha cKoJrb)KeHHeno fopi{3o,HTaarHofin.[ocKocua tio-
    KOJIeCHOM L1[r14TyCeHUIIHOM XOAY, !'CTaHOBJIeHHOH B paC- AOtrIBbrocHoBaHHflcooDvxieHHr{.
    qerHoM ilroJrolr(eHlluHa npce3iKelz qacrH napaJlJlslbHo ocli llpN nponepxe Ha clllrr no nJrocKo,crrdnoAo,rrrBbrocHo-
    coopylr(eHHs. BaHHff COOpy)fieHHflcr{e[.iieHrie MOr(Ay rurHHHCrbrr,{fpyr{_
    Hopuatunu,ar KoilecHas Harpy3Ka IIo cxeNle HK-80 TOM Ii COOpyXeHHeMHe yrrHTbrBaeTcfl;
    npuHHMaelrrr Iio 'sur. 7-7,a. 6) B npeArrorrox<eHr{LrBo3Mo}r{Hocrx o6pasonanurn B
    H'o'ptrrarunuar ryceHHqHaff Harp-v3Ka no cxeMe Hf -60 rp)/HTax,ocHoBaHHffnonepxHocreri cKo,Jrbx<eHufl.
    lpHHu,Maercfi
    - no Qur. 7-7,6. )/xasaHHsre troBepxHocrH cKoJrbxeHr.Is Ao,Jrx<HbrsH6H-
    Hopruaru,BHafi ryceHHrIHafl Hafp!'3Ka no cxelvle Hf -30 parbcs raKr.{M o6pasou, qro6n onllr npoxo4.uJrr4B naudo-
    fipr{HaMaercfl no Qur. 7-7,e. Jree ueycroftuziBbrx rpyurax. llpu Hailnrrtr ,B rpyHTe oc-
    Kpatrrae oclroBHble IIoKa3areJII'I .4rfl _ pjlc_qerHblx MaIIHH' HoBaHHfl npoc.nofixu c no,Hr4xeHHbr,MxoeSQuqueHTo,M
    ro cxeMaM HK-80, Hf-60 tt Hf-30 npHBeAeHrbI c.aBura ,{oJr)Kr{a6trrn rpou3Be.qeHa noBepKa Ha cKoJrbx{e-
    'B 'ra6n. 7-20. HHe co,opy)r(eHnrrno grofi npoc.rroirxe.
    Paccroqfille or Bueuiueft rpaun ryceHulrbr I'IJIHcKara Ao Bu6op roa$QuqrreHra 3anaca Ha ycrcfiuHBocrb .uoJr>KeH
    rorecoo16ofiuoro 6pyca H.III46oprnpa rporyapa .roJIX(Ho lpoH3BoAI4TbCrrB 3aBHCHMOCTI{ OT MeTOAa pac'rreTa 14 Ha-
    6nrrr He MeHee 0,25 ,u. .rIexHocTH npHHrrTbtx B pacqeTe qlrcJro,BbrxxapaKTepIICTI{K
    rpyHra.
    Ta6.auqa7-20

    Cxeua Harpy3r(H 2. KoeSffnllueHrbr 3araca ycrofiqnBocrn


    Ha xrrreHogaHfle ocHoBHr,tx
    noKS3aTeneH
    H r-60 " n.* o a) Hop.ttotBHI4H| I94l e. [5]. Ko,aQ$uqueuru3araca
    | ycroftuunocru B coorBercrBr{Hc HopMaMHAoJrx{Hbr6urs
    BbIqHlCIeHbrrlpl4 ca-.,tbIXHeBbtfoAHbrxH3 Bcex Bo3Mo>KHbrx
    B e c u a u l n H b r. . 80 60 30 nplr HopM?",1bHblX )-croBHqx cTpoHTeirbcTBa14 sKcrrJryaTa-
    nan.neuuena I noz. u ur{H tserur{HHaxv xo,M6uHaunqxctrJr Lr Hafpy3oK, Aeficr-
    ceHHubr 6 3,75 Byrox{Hx Ha coopy}KeHHe H eno ocHoBaHHe.
    ,[.an.neHneHa ocb . , !,onycraeuue xosQQnqueHrbr ycroftunnoc,ra Mox{Ho
    AnrlHa onnpaHltfl r)'ceHrrubr
    a
    c 4 6parr npn cocraB.rreHur.t rexHr.rq,ecKr.rx
    npoeKToB B 3aBuca-
    MocrH or K.rra'ccacoopyxeHuir ws ra6a. 7-20 a (l"rrn c.ny-
    PA?AEJI NEPBbIH. OEIilUN
    334
    fI p rr r'r e q a H x l. 1. ll.ns craaufir [pefluecrByrolxnx rexHnqecKouy
    qaf Aeftcrsuq ocHoBubrx H Ao[oJrHlrreJrbHbrxcHJr H Ha- q p o e r r t : , B e n H q H E b tr ( p e x o u e n a y e r c r y b e l n q u B a r b n a S - 1 0 %
    rpyaon). 2. lTpn pacqere coopyxeHufi Ha rnnnucrbtx ocHoBauncx Heo6xoln-
    MO yqHTbtBaTb MeJlneHtrocTbfl.epela'{H Harpy3_KH Ha CKeJreT rpyHTa H
    rlpor{3Do,rr.Hrb npoBepKy ycrofivuuocru s HaH6oree Heemro,[Hbrfr B or-
    Tafauqa 7-20a HoueHHH ycroftrnnocrr MoMeHT BpeMeun, xapaxTepr3yloutuirce 3HaqH-
    T e n b H b I Mp a 3 B H T H e MH a p y u a r c u l H x y c r o f i , r n a o c r b c u n H H e 3 a K o H q e H H r , r M
    Kaacc npoeKrHpye- llonycraemufr npoqeccoM yrrnoTHeHHfl rpyHTa.
    MOrO COOpyXeHHrr xoaQr$uuueur 3. ConporneJreune cBqaHbIX n HecBrI3HbIX rpyHroB c,u.Bnry. vro.ll
    vctoil,{Hsocrx Bl{yrpeHnero rpeH}rs r1 crra cuenreuHs,[onxubr 6urs ycrauoBJreHbl Ha
    ocrroBe ucnuraHnft n ra6oparopnu (cu. [Ifl).

    I 1,5
    II 7,4 Ta.6nuu,a7-22
    III 1,3
    3saqenng
    T u n u M a c c H B H o c r bc o o D v x e g r g xoa$Snuuen-
    raE
    flpnr'reyaHrrs. l . B n p o e r < r u o MB a r a H H H B e . l H r r H H ax o a { r S u q r . r -
    eHTa ganaca ,.onx{r{a 6url nDungra cofnacHo cneunar'rbnblM vKa3aHHqM f.nyxne rlJrorrrHbr I
    Hnr{ \ cJroBnan. flpx ux orc.vrcrer,rlr peKoMeH,[yercrr npuHartrarr rnrl
    nPoeKTHoro ga.[,aHuc roa$Ouur.reurul 3anaca, yBeJrnqeHHbreHa 1096 no
    MaccueHrre Bo.[oc"[r.{BHbre rrJrorr{Hbr,
    cpaBHeHHro c npHHHMaeMbrMtr.u,nq TexnuqecKoro [poeKTa. 3.xaHr{r ruApocraurlnfi, [rJrro3br 1,05
    2. flpu pacqere coopy)KenHfl ua cayuafi .u.efrcraus He rorbKo ocHoB- JIerrcue xeJre3o6eroHHbre BollonponycK-
    HbIx H aonoJrgnrenbHbtx, Ho u oco6ulx cH,'r H Harpy3ori, cJre.u.yernpn-
    HHriarb .u,rrr Bcex KnaccoB coopyxeHr,rfr H Bcex cra.Luft npoeKruposa- Hbre coop_YxeHr4q I ,10
    ttur xoaQSHrrHeHT 3anaca paoau,u 1,1.

    fl p n lr e q a H u c. .ll.ono.rsnre.lbHbre yKa3aHHrr o BerHqHHax rcoaS-


    @ u q n e H r o n g a n a c a y c r o i r v n n o c r a c o o p y x ( e u u i r n p n e e . u , e r l bBt c o o r B e r c r -
    6) Hop.uotfudpoenepzonpoeKra
    tg52 e. U7l. B Ka,recrne ByrcuHx rJIaBaxcnpaBoqHuKa.
    opr{€HrHpyrouIHxyKa3aHHr?peKoMeHnyercflKoesQHrIHeHr
    3aIIaca yCTOItTTHBOCTH OTHO.CI{Tb:
    I ) K Hau6oJree oi[acHoMy $aKTHrrecKLIBo3r,ro]KHorvry AJrfl
    Aaurlo,r,o coopylxeHus correraHuro AeficrByrou{I4x Ha Hero
    cHJr H Har'py3oK, T. e. ocHoBFrblx,Ao{IoJIHHTgTTbHbIX
    7-4. AOilyCKAEMbtE .[.ABJIEHHf
    I{ o,co-
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    qecKI4 BO'3MO)r(HO AJrfl paCCMarpl{BaeMO,Fo COOpyX{eH}Ifl),
    H OCHOBHbIX I1 AO,I,OJ'IHHTeJIbHbIX,
    eCJIHBO3HHKHOBeHHe OCO-
    6ux cn"u H Harpysox $nsuuecKr{ HeBo3MoxHo; I. Cxa.nnHbrer,r rroJrycKaJrbHbre
    rpynTbr
    2) x cHIlxeHHbrM cu.lraM co'nporueJr€Hlrr (naccnrulrtvt I

    cHJraM) ; flpu cocraBJreHr{r{rpoeKroB coopyxeHurl I, il li III


    3) K HaH6oree odracHofi (,u.nn ,norepu ycror?urEnocru) 'KJIaCCoB Be-TIHqHFIbI IiPeAe-{Oe flpo,qHocTH CKaJTEHbTX rpyH-
    pacuerHofi cxeMe (clr. Bbrrrre, rryHKT I <a>>.H I u6u) n TOB ONPEACJIfl IOTCfi CNCqI{AJIbHbIMI] HCCJIEACBAHHff.MIi NYTC-*I
    HanpaBJreHHrotso,3Mox<Hofi AeoOpMaqHH. paBAaBrrHBaHHfl
    xy6uxon pa3rvrepoM5X5X5 cr,t Hs cia.trr-
    Iloe$Q,uquent 3anaca ycroftrrHBocru (lonycxaeuurir) Hbrx rpyHaoB.
    IIporHB cMeureHHs cooppreuufi K ilo, npuuaroft cxeMe .(onycraevoe Aa,BfleHHeHa cKaJrbHo,eocHoBaHue AJrff
    4eQopuaquu per{oMenAyercr rrp,HHI{MarbcoruracHo ra6Jr. BecbMa npoqHbrx cKaJlbHbrx rpyHTo,B, CI{.IIOHHbrX K TpeIrIH_
    7-21 (4;rr cra4nn rexuurrecKono npoeKTa) - [IoBarocTI{, tIpHHLiMaeTCff oT llzo Io l/zs B€rHrrrHuHripe,{e-
    llpu pacireTe Ha cABI{ir peroMeHAyeTcfl }-rrr{TbrBaTbTaK- flporrHocrH cKaJrbHoro tpyHra npfi pa3Apo6reHHH, or
    4?
    t
    xe AHHaMHKy'Bo3Aeficrsfix Ha Boqoc6pocune coopyxeHnrr lro Jlo I f m - lnn cKaJIbr cpe,4Hero' raqecrna . Aas sfla-
    q Hx OCHO,BaHHff [IaAeHI,Ifi BOAHOTO rl'OTOrKd,CHI{x(arcUer,O 6rrx, Ho oAHopoAHbrx r{ Herp€lquHoBarbrx rpyHTo,B, a raK-
    ._JcJreIcrBHe tsH6parlHr{colpoTHBJreHHecAEHry coopyx(eHHfi. xe .4[fl noJrycKaJrbHbrxnopol1 Ao[rycKaeMoe AaBJreHHeco-
    A.ns raro,ro y{€Ta cJreAyer ,tto,Bbrrrrarbo6qurt rrcaQ$r.ruu- CTaTBJIfleT on 'lu 4o l/ro IIPeAe,nailporIHOcTH.
    eHr ycrofiuunocrn Ha cABr{r (ra6t. 7-21) yrvrnoxeHueM nuaerprdBursxcfl cKaJrbHbrx [opoA
    finx Ao,ltycKaeMbre
    enc Ha cneuua"nrutrr? Kogr!Surrr.r,eHrb corracuo ra6Jr.
    AaBreHHrr ycraHaBJrr{BarorcrnoHHxeHHbrMI{Ha 2S-S00lo B
    7-22. 3a'BfiCH.MOCTT{,OT COCTOflHIAflnOpOAbr.
    ["rrn coopyx{eHufi IV n V rnacco,e npH HeHapyueHHoii
    BbIBeTpr{BaHr{eM cKaJre AaBJreHHfiHa ee noBepxHocTb M,o-
    Ta6nuqa 7-21
    rYT 6bITb AONYUIEHbIB npeAeJIaX, [pHBeAeHHbIXB Ta6JI.
    7-23.
    MeHnruue BefiHrruHbr Ho,pr{ HacroflI[efo rrvHKTa rr
    Kaacc coopy)+(eHnrr Ta6Jr. 7-23 cJreAyer npHHHMarb AJrff MeHee npo:vHnrx no-
    poA yKa3blBaeMofiKaTeFo'pHH,,ttp]t xyir.ilreM r.rx CocroflHzll
    14 yqere ToJrbnoocHoBHhrxHafpy3oK, 66.nrruure- npri yqe-
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    CI4Jr.
    ycTofi rrr.r
    BocrH rrporHB flpHeeAeHgbre B Ta6il. 7-23 [aHHbre orHocflTcfl K oc-
    cMeuIeHHqcoopyxeHHrr HOBaHHf M QyHnaUeHrOn He6oflb,rurix pa3MepoB B rrJraHe.
    llpu 6onsrunx nJroulaAffx rroAorrrBbr, ilpH orcyrcrBuu
    pe3KHx rp?lueulon uanpnxennfi (r. e. npH orcyrcrBHH
    TJIABA CE/LbMAfl, OEAHE HOPM'I NPOEKTHPOBAHHfI TH,4POTEXHHITECKH)( COOPY)KEHHN
    335
    Ta1auqa 7-23 ueo6xoAr.t,Mocrl{ts 3HaqHTeJIbHO,M floBbrlueHl{H co,nporIrBJe-
    HHg ocHoBaHr.rff,rro .KpaqM no40runu) [onycKaeMbre
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    AaHHhrX
    HauMeHosaHHe nopoabl .[aBneHHe Ha BerruqnHy Ao 25olo.
    e rcalcn2 fIpugeAeHHlre Bbr''re BeJrHrrHHbrrodlycKaeMbrx
    AasreHr.rr".r
    npe,4,noJrararor3aJrefaHl{e cKaJrhr cJIoeM AOCTaroqHofimou-
    C n a 6 a s c K a J r a (rySr,r, nlorurrfi Merr, Hocrl{. Ec.nt floA cxa.noft 3aJre,raeT c.na6ufi cx<r.r,uaeutrfi
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    TflXecTbIo coopyx{eHHrl MOXeT,npo.Ilo,Mlrrtbcff.
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    (pIIpt.ITbI, nJIOTI{bIe IIecqaHHKr.I, IIJIOT-
    Hbte H3BecTHflKH r{ Ip.' 20-40 2. HecxaJrbHbre
    rpynrbr
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    3epHlrcrbre
    rpaHr.rrbr
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    ocHoBaHHfl coopyx(eHur, ycrofiqHiBocrblo Ha cABHf
    I{ BqrrH-
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    /Urfl paccMarpl{BaeMor,o co-
    opyxeHr.rq.

    Ta1nuqa 7-24
    .[.onY-
    cKaeMoe ,&,ony-
    HanvenosanHe rpyHToB Ilpaueuanne cKaeMoe
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    e xelcuI iBileEHe oo
    n Ke,ctt49

    1 . f ; r u H H c r b r e
    flecxir cpeauefi KpyrrHocrr.r,
    f p y H r b r
    HC3ABHCHMO OT BJIA)I{HO.
    fausnr B TBepAoM cocrofl- CTH . 5,0-4,0
    HLIH 7, 0 - 3 , 3 B ganucr,rMocTr,rIlecrn rpannfiuue u Kpyn-
    fluult B rrJacTEqHoM co- oT tropHcTocTH HhIe, He3aBHCI,IMO OT
    CTOqHHT4 4,0-l ,3 To xe BJIA)+(HOCTH 6,5-5,0
    Cyn.nnuxu B rBepAoM co- III. Ia.nerrHHKoBbre
    - CTOffHHH 4,0-3,0 ri rpaBnfiutre
    Cyr.nnHxr.r B [Jracrnr{HoM co-
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    rn (rBaprrenn-ei
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    PASilEJI NEPBhIH. OEUI4N
    336

    8y_6op AonycKaeMoro raBreHHn Arrfl coopyxeuHrtr I, II 3HaqeHHq xor$Ququeura 1(o:


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    CHJI H Harpy3oK $uslluecxrr Bo3n{ox(HoAJrr ,paccMarpu,Bae- B OA br [r5]
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    a) O1uque grcasau:un. B coopy>KeHriflx 6es HcKyccrBeH-
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    B 3 B C I I I H B A U N f lN O I O f i . Hr4fi, yKa3aHHbix B ra6.r. 7-25, 7-26 u 7-27.

    Ta6,tuqa 7-25

    ,[,onycxaemue (Hepaeusrnanrque) cpeAHHe cKopocrn reqeflHfl AJrs HecBs3HbrxrpyHToB


    lpyurur H Hx xapaKrepncrnxu Cpe,runer.r1'6uuunoroKa B ,t

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    flunn n HII flnr"trn rr HJr c


    MCJIKII}I NECKOM;
    pacrHTenbHaf
    3eMns 0,005-0,05 20 0,45-0,65

    fl e c or M eJ - flecor rte,rxnfi
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    cpe4Hnfi c ilpu-
    Mecbro r(pyfiHofo 0 , 2 5 - 1, 0 0 50 0,80-0, 95
    nNABA CEEbMAfl. OEUHE H OPMbI N POEKTH POBAH HfI T H,\POTEXH H I] ECKHX COOP;Y)KEH
    I.Ifl
    337
    II podontreuue ra6tt. 7-2b
    fpyHrr,r H Hx xapaKTepHcrHKH Cpea,Hue r;ly6rrnu noroKa a _r,
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    II
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    Hafl ruft c raauxoft n
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    Ql 3ax. 125

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    ,c

    PA9AEJI nEPBhrn. OEUHn


    338

    Ta6ttu4a 7-26
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    fpy6o KeccoRu c 6eroHuofi, .u,epensnHofiH MeraJrJrH-
    o6Aerannrtft rpagnr no raKoMy )r(e .recxofi [oBepxHocrbro no cyxnM rJrHHaM
    fpaHHry 0,73 0,40
    To xe, no 6eroHy . 0,60
    To xe, no MoKpbIM TJIHHaM 0,20
    KaueHnas KnaAKa no KJraAKe. o,75 , u c y x H M c y r n H H K a MH c y f l e c H . 0,45
    6erou no 6eroHy 0,65 , n M O K p b I MC y f J T H H K a M
    H C y n e c H. 0,30
    KaMeHsaq KJra.u,Ka
    rto 6eroHy . 0,70 ,, r cyxoMy cpe4HeMy necKy . . 0,50
    KaMeHHaq Kna,u,KaH 6erox no rBepAoMy cy- n , M O K p O M yC p e A H e M yn e c K y 0,35
    xoMy rpyHry 0,65 b , cyxoMy MenKoMy rrecKy 0,45
    n n M O K p O MM y e n K O M yn e c K y . 0,30
    oEuHn
    342
    roPHbIX tloPoA u6l
    XAPAKTEPHCTHKH
    7-8. CTPOHTEJIbHbIE
    Taftuqa 7-33

    Cpeauuft o6reu- BpgMs r{Hcroro


    HHft sec tpyHra oypeHHfl
    flpeaut npoqHocrH KosSQxuuenr
    B NIOTHOM TEJIC B I noe. n JrenKHM xpenocrn
    l - l a H M e H o e a n H er p ) ' H T a npH pa3.r,aBnl{Be- I
    cocrogHHH ecre-
    HHH a ,czlcuz nepQoparopou
    crsenHofi Brax-
    B MHHVTAX
    Hocrn s rcelNr

    flecor . I 500

    Cy nec u l 600
    0,5-0,6
    rpyHT
    PacrrrreabHblfi r 200
    T opS 600

    Jlerxufi H r€ccoeH,u.usrfi cyFJIHHoK l 600


    B;raxHtrfi pslxlutfi ,'l€cc, t'tsruufi coJIoHqaK
    n coiroHeu . I 600

    fpanufi puxlufi, rtsrrufi vr cpeqHnfi .llo


    1 1 5 u u . . I 700

    flrornuft pacrrre.nluttfi rpyur c KopHflMH


    II oT rpaBH I 400
    0,6-0,8
    TopS Lr pacrHrenluufi rpyHr c KopHflMH
    AnaMerporvl Ao 30 n,u . r 100

    f]ecox 14pacruTellurtfi rpyHT, cueuansufi


    co udeoneM HJIH raatxofi r'r urenofi - r 650
    Hacutnuoft c.uexanurnftcq rpyHr c IIpI'IMecbP
    ute6Hq HJIH raJIbKH . I 700
    Cynect c rlpnMecblo ure6Hq, raJIbKI'I H
    crpoHre.ilbHoro Mycopa I 900

    X upuan r r uH a , B T o M q H c J I e r a P 6 o u u a n ,
    ropcKafl n MOpeHHaf l 800

    Tnxeartfi cyrnnuoK . . I 750

    fparuft xpvnnuft, r?JIbKd rE ute6esr Kpyn-


    Hocrblo ot 15 no 40 u'ttt l 750

    III Cvxofi n€cc u l€cc ecrecreeHsofi BJIa)I(Ho- 0,8-1,0


    cru, cMetrlaHuuit c fpaBI{eM HJIHraJIbKoH r 790

    PacrnrelbHafl 3eMJtfl Lrttr topt[ c KopHnMH


    AHaMerpou 6o.rlee30 uat
    l 400

    Cyrrnuor, cMeurausufi co qe6nelu IIJIH


    raauxofi lI crpotlTe.rbHblll Mycopol\r I 900

    B ToM qHcJIe
    Trxeras . t o M o B a f l r J l H H a'
    TBepAafl lopcxafl u xaP6ounafl . r .

    Xucuas rJJI4rIa v rflxeJlble cyrnllHKu c 1,0-1,5


    np"*.coto ute6nr, rarbxH' ^-crpol{TeJlbHoro
    rrrycopau 6y.rrnr BecoMAo 25 Ke C COAeP-
    r nu r n o l 0 % .
    x aHu- er t6y r 950
    TJIABA CEAbMAfl. OBUNE HOPMbI NPOEKTHPOBAHHf r H TPOTEXH H II ECKHX COOPY )KEH H N
    343
    II podottuceuuera6t. 7-33

    Cpeaurft o6r€u-
    Huft aec rpynra Bpeue qucroro
    B NJIOTHOMTCNE A IIpea,e.rnpoqxocrr.r . 6ypeHnr
    HaHueHosaHne rpynTa npH paslaBnHBa- KoaQSuqueHr
    cocTosHHH ecTe- I noe. .u .[efKHM
    HHHB rcelcnz xpenocrn /
    ctseHgoft BJrax- nepQoparopor-a
    nocru s Kelil! B MHHyTaX

    _M openu a qrJ rH H ac B a n y H a M uBe c o M A o


    50 rce npu HaJrHqHra BanyHoB Ao l0o/o no
    oSreuy 2 000
    C.nanuenaflfJrHHa 2 000
    Kpyunan raJlbKa pasMepoM Ao g0 .Mrtt
    qncrar HJIH c npuuecbro 6yaur secol{ Jio
    l0 rce r 950
    fl;rorsnfi ornepAenurzfi a€cc u orBep,rl,eB-
    IV 1,0-1,5
    urufi coaoHqar l 800
    C_qemesur ponanrunfics crpor{Tearuufi Mycop l 850
    MeraanypfHqecKHe H e B b l B e r p r r B r u H e c f f r r rJ r a -
    KH r 500
    Mepreas usrxufi u otroKH l 900
    llpecna I 8C0

    2 100
    V I 800
    I 900 I'lesee 200 Menee 3.5 | ,5-2,0
    2 600
    2 200
    T y Q u n e M 3 a. I r00
    HgnecrHqK ugrrnfi nopucrufi, cHJrbHo
    VI Tpeuznonarnrfi H paKyrrrequaK l 200 200-400 3,5 2-4
    C.nauqncpeAuefi Kperocrr{ 2700,
    Meprenr cpe.[,ueftr(penocrr.r 2 300

    Konrrouepar c raJlbKoft r 3 ocaAor{Hbtx


    nopoA Ha H3BecTKoBoM rleMeHTe 2200
    VII flecqauux rnHHucrbrft auaetpeuuufi, cr{nbHo
    Tpeu{HHoBarufi. ; 2 000 400-600 4-6
    C.rraneq
    nruuucruft KpenKHr4 2 800
    Meprenr rpeurrnfi 2 500

    fpaHnr ApecBflrrbrfi . 2 300


    IrlssecrHs Kn MepreJrlrcrbre 2 300
    VIII fleccaHrrr rrnnuctufi . 2200 600-800 8,5
    Clauqu cnroAflHble H necqaubre . 2 300
    Aunn,upnr 2 900

    fpanr,rr, ruefic H cllerruT MflrKHe, cr{Jrbr{o


    BbrBeTpeHHbre 2 500
    3MeesHx orarbKoBauHuft . . 2 400
    IzlsaecrHsr nrornufi 2 500
    K onr . no u e p a r c ranoxofr r.r3 ocailorrHbrx
    IX IropoA rra KpeMa H c T o M[e M e s T e 2 500 800-l 000 Il,5 8-10
    f lec qanu x u 2 500
    Cu.u,epar. 2700
    C.rrallquttecqaHo-u3BecrKoBbre 2 500
    MarHegnr 3 000
    PA,SEEJI nEPBbtn. OEAHa
    ,J44
    II podonwenue ra6t. 7 -33

    Cpea.nnfio6terrl-
    Bpeue qHcrofo
    nuft sec rpynra o y p e H Hq
    flpere,: npoquocrH KosS$uuuenr
    B NNOTHOMTCJIE B
    Haxmesouattue TPYHTa npH Pa3.aaEnHBa- I noe. n JrerKHM rpenocru I
    cocrognltH ecre-
    n]rn B xelctt nepQoparopor*r
    crneHnoft BJla)K-
    B MHHyTaX
    noctu n xz1 twg

    A oaor unr u 2700


    HgnecrunKH KPeIIKHe. 2700
    M pauop 2700 I 000-l 200 15,0 l0-12
    [ I E c qainx n l o rH u ft sa I4 3 Be c rro B or\t
    eMeHTe . . 2 600
    Claueu ltecqaHufi xPenxufi - 2 600

    fpanr.rr KpyrIHo3epHHcrblfi 2 800


    Aorotunr BecbMa KPenKnH
    2 900
    3Meesnx . 2 600
    Kour.nouepar c ra.[bKofi ]r3 u3Bep]ceHublx I 200-l 400 18,5 t2--14
    n o p o A H a H 3 B e C T K O B O MU e u e H T e
    2 800
    flecqaxurc KpenKllfi Ha KBa.pueBoM ueMeHre
    2700
    Cuennr KpynHo3ePH14crblu
    2700

    A H t e s u r u 6 a g a . ' ; l r c o c J I e A a M HB H B e r p l ' l '


    BAH }1'I
    2740
    2 600
    I - ueiic .
    XII I4gsectHgK irecbMa xPenxufi ' : ' 2 900 I 400-l 600 220 14- l6
    KoHraoliepar c rallroti H3 H3BepxeEHbIx
    2 900
    nopo.I. Ha l{peMHHCTOMuer4eHTe '
    Tpaxur 2 600

    fpaHHr cpeAHe3ep t rcHr u f i 3 100


    lnefic rpettrnfr
    2 800
    2700 1600-1 800 2 7, 5 16-18
    Eua6as 2 500
    XIII tlopQnpnr 2 800
    Tpaxur KpenKHH 2 800
    Cueuplrc p e AH e 3 e PHrh H cl r{

    '
    e c b rl aKp e nK H fr 3 300
    f pauur M e rK o 3 e p H l d c rbB
    l ft,
    2 900
    f ir auur o- n H e fi c 2 900 I 800-2 000 32,5 18-20
    XIV .[.nopur 3 100
    IrleeecrHsKBbIculefiKPenocru 2700
    IIopSuPt'tr KPenKHI'I

    3 100
    .AHAesur, 6a3a.lsr' pofcBI'IK KperrKHH 2 900 46,0 20-25
    , [ , a a 6 a s , n H o P H TB b l c u e f i K P e [ o c r H 2 800
    fa66po H KBaPuHr KPenKue

    ' 3 300
    Easarsr aa6paloponntfiH oJlHBHHoBblfi Boree 60 Eoaee 25
    XVI iuoO po- a u a 6 a s , KB a p u l { r H n o p $ npnr 3 000
    H C K T I O q H T e J I b H OK p e n K H e
    TJTABACEIILMA'I. OEIIIHE Hoplvbt npoEKTII?OBAHHtT rHIPOTEXHrrrrE.Krrx COopy)KEHHrv
    345

    J I 1 4 T EP A T Y P A
    l. EaHsxcx E . I J . , l j o a n u c H c c r e . i r . o B a u r nPne. u ( o z n a r .1 9 5 2 . 11. I-ocyrapcrserrttsrft KoMHrer Cosera lluuncrpou CCCP tro ilenaM.
    2.Ean3Hcr 8 . B . , I - p n r u u u M . M . H a p . , f r . r . u . p o r e x H u q e c K u ecrpol{Tenbcrea. Hopuut no,rlBu;(Hr,rxBeprnKanbubrx Hanpy3oK Inn pacqe-
    coopyxeHHc, e. l, Foccrpofir.raaar, 1938. Ta HcK)rccrBeHHl,rx coopv)r(eHHi4 rra aBroxo6uausux roporax. H 106-53.
    3 , B H H H B o . u , r e o ,I - p a e u r a u u o H H H e n n o r H u r t . R p e u e u H t ' t e r e x l l u t l c - 12. IOCT 7664-42, Pac.{er crpoure{bubrx xoHcrpyrqrlft. Harpyaxa.
    cKHe vcJroBHs rr HopMr,rnpoeKTHpoBaHHs H Bo3Be.[eHHq,l-oc. ns,x.arerbcrBo B e T'13.poBafl.
    H pa[HorranH3auug", 1934. fOCT-3908-47, Tpancnoprupyrcurac cnoco6uocrb H rresahnffro-
    "Cran,tapr:u3auuq l l " t H ec K o p o c r H T e q e H H q B o , a b lB K a H a r a x .
    4. BHHlll-, TexHH,recrne ycnoBus H HopMbI npoeKTlipoBautrfl
    rtr/lporexHHqecKux coopyxeHHii. fiepueaut{oHHbte KaHa.lbt_ rHJ.po- 14. I- p u ur n u 11. M., frl.u.porexruqecKae coopy)KeHnrr, q. I,
    aaekrpocrauqufr, vacrr nepnan H aropaq, foceueproHsna'r, 19-lS. I - o c c T o o f t u s a a1r 9. 5 4 .
    5. BHHt'l f, TexHu.recxue ycnoBHtt H H o p M b t npoeKrlrpoBaHtrt 1 5 . M n C , i a a e r p a n c n p o e K rB, p e u e u n u eHOpMbr LOIIyCKaeMbrxcKo-
    r u . u . p o r e x H u q e c K H xc o o p y > x e u u f t. f e o t e x n n q e c K H e p a c q e r b l o c u o e a n n i t , pocreir reqeHr{q Bot},r B nocrottHHblx x.-.u.. fH,[,porexHH'{ecKHX coopy-
    TY 24-103-40, Crpoftnsnar,1941. )Keriltsx. I p a H c x e n . l o p H 3 a . a r , 1952.
    H s x . Tpaucxea.lopHsr.at, lYDz.
    6. fu-uposuepro[poeKr, CtaruaptH, HopMbI ]I TexHnqecKHe yc.1o- 1 6 . M 3 C , T e x u u q e c x a e y c r o B H q H I { o p M b I npoeKrHpoBaHHq rHJI.po-
    BHq npoeKTHpoBaHHfl rrr.(,porexHrqecKux coopyiKeHHft rHiLpos'{ettrp()- Texr{l{qecKHx coopy;xenuii. I-naporexnnr{ecKHe TyHHenH fr{,{,posneKrpo-
    craHusrZ, C6opurrx N 1 noa p e n . E. B. Eru3HRxa, C t . 2 4 ' 4 1 1 4 . f o c - c r a u ( u f i T y 1 l - 5 1 , f o c a H e p r o a s . u , a r ,1 9 5 2 .
    crpoirn3,uar,
    - 1939. i7. M3C, lu,uporuepnonpoeKr, fpynru KaK octroBaul{efu.ll,porex-
    7. Crpourenbuble HopMbI H IIpaBHna, u. II, r,'laBa II-4 2, PeqHute HH'{CCKHX cOOpyxenrair, Hopmu npoeKrHpoBar{Hfi, Ty 18-51,1952.
    rH.ir,porexHHqecKHe
    '8. coopy)I(eHHrl 18. O,r el-trx e a l'rq JI. B., fpasuraqrounbte (uaccronule) n'norn-
    fOCT 3999-48 rl{rporexHnqecKHe. Pacqet MaKcH- Hbr r-[. XI eropofi qacrH Kypca ruaporexnHt{ecKuxcoopyxeuufi, no.x-
    " e o opeK."
    pyxenHfl p e : . 3 a n a a p n s aE . A : C c a u x o s r u a ,1 9 4 6 .
    lvlarlbHblx paCxOnOBBO.U,bI
    9. fOCT 3255-46, Harpysra Ha rH.llporexrluqecKlte coopylKeHHl. 19. OCT 90058-40.Harpyara cHeroeac.
    Bo:aeftcrrurr BorHoBbre. 20. Ilo'roxeHue no crpouTenbcrBy B ceftcMuqecKl'Ix paftouax
    10. fOCT 3440-46, Harpysxa Ha ru.ll.porexuxqecKHe cooPy,'r(''Hllfl. (nCfI-101-51). Pasaea -VII, fnapotexnuqecxu: coopyxeHHc-,-_loc.H3ra-
    Hanpysxu Jrer,oBbre. re,tbcrBo nHreparypbl no erpoHrenbcrByH apxHTeKType'lgbz.

    3ax. 125
    I
    I

    TJIABABOCbMAfl

    oEtrlHEyKA3AHVflrro nPOEKTHPOBAHHIO
    .llEPEBttrHHbtX
    COOPy}KEHT4fi
    |T4APOTEXHHTTECKHX
    KOHCTPyKUT4II
    .1. OEIIIHE AAHHbIE PacraHyrue u Hsru6ael{hre gJreMeHTbrHecy,ulux KoHcr-
    pyKru{fi B co'opy;{reHnnx IV ii V rnaccoB r.I3roroBJrflrorcfl
    TIpueeleHHue HHDI(eAaIrHbIe (cor.nacHo |OCT 3061-46) H3 ./'reco'MarepHaJroB 2 u 3 c,oproB, cxarbre - Hg Jreco'Ma-
    'pacflpocrpaHsloTcff Ha npoeKTHpoBaHHe,AepeBsHHbIX KOH- TeprraJron 3 copra. HepacuerHbre r.r HeorB,ercrBeHHbre KoH-
    crpyrqufi BHoBb coopyxaeMblx, peKoHcrpyl'IpyeMblxI'I Bo'C- crpyKrlnil{ B ooopyx(eHHflx IV H V rL[accoB AorrycKaercfl
    H3fOTOBJrflTb r{3 JreCO'MarepHaJIOB HH}I{e 3 COpra.
    cTaHaBJIrl4BaeMblx rHApoTexHI'IqecKrl'lXcOOrpyXeuufi II, III,
    IV n V KJIaccoB: nJIorHH, 'BoAocJIHrBoB, BoAocnyoKots, cy' flpnrrreunrr JrecoMarepHaJIbI,tIopaxeHHbIe fHH,rblo, He
    :Ioxo.4Hblx rIIJIIogoB,rlJloroxoAon, 6penuocilycKots, SarBopoB, 40nycKaercff.
    Ay6 npl{MeHffercl B KoHcrpyKqufix. K KoropblM
    . .aKBeAIyKOB,IOTKOB-p_erynsTOpOB, IIrpHrISJIbHblx U OrpaAIt-
    rpe6onauur B oTHoIIIeHHH
    TeJrbHbrxcoopyx(elrHfi, nepeMblqeK 14 cJlyx(e6HbIXMOCTOB ltpe.4'brrBrfltorcn-[oBbIIueHHbIe
    NJIOTIIH.
    npoqHocru I4 CToHKO,CTH np.OTI{BSarH'HtsaHHg.
    Ans Hecyqrx xoucrpyrunft co,opyxeuuft II, III H IV
    il p u ru e rr a H n e. OrneceHue coopyxeHns K ToMy Hnu HHoMy Knac- KJracco,B,HaxoAgulflxcfl B ne6laronpl'IffTHblx ycJIoBi{flx B
    .€y B gaBHcHMocrH or cpoKa ero cayx6u H cre[eHu orBercrBeHHocrn orHo[reHI4H 3a,rHHBaHHfl,peKOMeIIAyerCflfipHMeHfiTb JIeCO-
    coopyxeHHfl npon3Bo.rtHrcs cornacno f OCT 3315-46 (cu' rJI. 7, n.
    MaTeprua,lbr,ilponHTaHH.hleaHTlHcenTuKaMH, He pacTBopflio-
    7-1).
    uruMr4cr B BoAe. lIpH orcyrcrBun [poIIHraHHbIx JlecoMare-
    8_2. MATEP HAJIbI pHaJro'BAoJrx(Ha'6uru npolrsBeAeHayllpouleHllafi [po[I'IrKa
    HJII{ O6Ma3Ka JIeCOMarepHano'B aHT'HcerITI'IrKaMI{.
    K xoHcrpyxlll.IflM coopyxeHufi, RaxoAflIrlnMcfi n uopcroft
    .[I,na qepeBffHHhD( I{oHcrpyl{ql,tft npuueHflIor'cq nuJIeHbIe It
    BoAe npu HaJHTIuHs Irefi Ape'B'or'o'qlreB, AoJIxHbI npl{Me-
    .KpyfJtbre Jreco,MarepHaJIbI x,Bofi,Hblx (npeuluyurecrBeHHo co-
    uqTbcfi l{epbl 3ailII{TbI B 3aBUCI'IMOCTHOT CTeIIeHH aKTI{B-
    cHoBbIX) 14 Jrr.rcTBeHHbIX nOpOA, yAOBJIerBOprrcXIHe Tpe6o-
    HOCTH .4peBoToqqets.
    BanlflM: |OCT 468-43 <<JlecouarepxaJlbl KpyrJIbIe xBoI?- Beca ApeBecIlHbI (pacuernue) npuHrHMalorcr
    O6relrsrte -
    :TTbIXN,OPOA, TIPHMCHflEMbICfug NPOAOJIbHOIi PACNVJIO'BKI'I>; (c:r'r. raxxe
    corJlacHo ra6n. 8-l ra6.rl. 6-28).
    IOCT SOOS-+f <<llu;touarepranbl xBofiH,bIX IIopoA' Aocx't+
    +t 6pycxn>; IOCT 3021-45 <6pycna xBofiHbIX nopoA>;
    Ta6nw4a8-l
    |OCT 726-44 <Kprxu rr.,IoBoqH'ble rBepAblx JIHcrBeHHbIx
    nopqA. Texnuqecxue ysloBr'{l>; |OCT 2695-44 <<fluloua- reusltft Bec llpeBecnubl
    T€pHai:IbI TBepAbIXJITHCTBeHHbIX IIOTpOL>U rpe6OnaH'l'IqMHa- flopo.u,H rrpeBecHHbt
    s rcelrt3
    crorrqero HapafpaQa. noaycyxoir I curpofi
    . Ilrpene.nu upotlgocTg cocgbl I ur 2 copTo,9,.rBJIa)KHocTbIo
    150/o-aorxuu 6nrb (ctu. taxxe ra6rl. 6-28):
    Xnofisne
    npu cxarHr{ BAonb BoJIoKoH. . He MeHee 300 rczlcu
    \v .IIncrreHuuqa 700 800
    "
    cTaTHqecKoMugrH6e , Q 5 0 0 ' 550 600
    Cocsa
    " cKaJrbrBaHuilB.4onb BoJIoKoH . n 5 0 , E.nn,reAp, IIIlxra KaBKa3cKal,
    cocHa flryrun u Ko.nn-
    A.nlr noasoAHblx Koltcrpyr.q[fi ,[orxHbl npuMeHrrbcfl cbl- cKoro IIOJI)-ocrpoBa 500 550
    pble necoMarepuaJlbl (raax<uocrbn 6oree %olo); 4nn uaa- 450 500
    flnxra cn6npcxaa
    BoAHblx tpeKO,MeHAyeTcff npl4MeHeHuenoJlycyxllx JIecOMaTe-
    pHaJIoB (uaxuocrurc l8-230/o). llpulteHeHlte noJlycyxux
    .t'lracrBeHHbIe
    necoMarepHaJroB lJrrr rroABoAflblx KoHcrpyKuHfi ,(olycKaer-
    cfl nurub npu HarHrrHH TexnfiqecKoro o6ocHogaHuq.
    ny6
    11 p n u e q a H H e. K naa,soaruM ornocflTcc KoHcrpyKuHH' Haxorq- Eyx
    ulHecfl [ocToqHHo Bbrue ypoBFq Bo.a,btl{.'IrHB SeMJle BbIIue rpyHToBblx Bo]l;
    K no,[Bo.rLHbrM-Koucrpyxuirn, uaxo.ls[ruecc nocroqHHo no,n sorofr rtJrlr
    a npeAenax [epeMeHHoro ypoBHs.

    Pacrnuyrue H Herr.r6aeMue g-IIeMeHTbIHecylrlnx KoHcr-


    pyKqHfi B coo,pyx(eHuffx II u III KJIaccoB l{3noroBJlrlorcfl O6reusue Beca ApeBecI{HbIxoucrpyxut'tft, Hax-oAfuluxcr
    H3 JlecoMarepuanoB I u 2 coproB, c)Karble- 'HB .IIecoMa- nocroq,HHo B BoAe, npuHuMalorcfl: cocHu - 800 rcefu3'
    TepHaJroB2 copra. lry6a- I 000 rcelut.

    t
    !

    TJIABA BOCbMAt. OEIIIHE VKA3AHI{7 NO NPOEKTHPOBAHHIO T,EPEBflHHhIX KOHCTPYKUHN


    347

    Ta1auqa B-2 n rcelcnzilpH pacqereHa


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    8 _ 4 . P A CT I E TH K O H C T PY H P O B AH I' IES J IE M E H TOB flpu pactlere ueHTpanbHo- pacrsHyrblx 3JIeMeHToBua-


    upnxenrlr flpoBepflIorcl lto Soptuy.ne:
    U CONPqXEHHN
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    r,,te
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    349
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    Ans - cor.na'cgo
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    . ra6n. 9-5.
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    Beau.ruHbl AonycKaeMblx nanpax<enuti s ra6aulrax
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    Snxaqun ux ,rro KarII,ITaJIbHocrlI
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    I(oeQQuqHeHt flepexoAa or Ha[pflx(eHlIft AJIfi II K"'Iacca
    l KoHcrpyrql{flx LrB craJrH MapKIr HJ12 - 3a,KJIerI'KIl usnc-
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    rls craJra MapK[I HJII.
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    Kracc KarrLITaJIbHocrll 3arBopa ycralraBJrl4BaercfiE 3a-
    BHCHIMOCTH OT KJIACCA KannraJlbHocrLI coopyxeHHfi (ct't.
    nns ocefi xoAoBblx KoJIec v Apyrnx oreercrB'eHrlblx 'ra6n. 7-5).
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    - 351

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    (e-7)
    COCAHHCHHqX C p e s 3 a K n e n o xH 6 o n r o n
    #"=< ["'p]
    Bna Hanpn:xenun Pacqersag Qoptty.na

    CMqrLIe 3aKJIenoK lt 6o;t-


    PacrgxeHne urBoB (e-1)
    [op] TOB .
    { -( [o",]
    BCTbIK #-'-< ndEd ln*tl
    Cxarue urBoBBcrblK ([o.*](e-2)
    # Orpurn roJIoBoK 3aKne-
    IIOK
    N
    --( [oorp ] (9-9)
    C p e e B a J I H K o B b I xu r B o B
    (e-3) nF6p
    (uesanncuMo or Ha-
    rlpaBJrerruncLrlu)
    frk<r"l
    --<
    [op)(e-10)
    PacrgxeuHe Kocblx -- N s tn a --<[opl(9-4) P acrsxesne 6orros . #
    IIIBOB BCTbIK
    /*D
    N
    -.--
    Cxarue KocbIx ItrBoB sln a .-<[o.*] (9-b)
    BCTbIK

    Cpes Kocblx TIIBoB cos a --{ (e-6) O 6 o s H a q e H H g .

    BCTbIK

    O6osHaqeHI'tg.
    - npoextuori J'xHHe 3a Bblqero!'l
    l- Pacuerflafl r,'I!rHa IuBa' paBHatl
    l0 n.n:
    6- ganuesutuatl roJ-IrrHHa coe.u.l4EfieMblx3Je\leHToB;
    huJ - ToJIIrrI4HaBaJIHKoBcro ruea (no ratery);
    HOM HanpaBJieHI',IH;
    a-yronMe)K]lyHanpaBneI{Hertl.ueficrnyrcureficIiJIbIl{KccLlt{IuBoi\r; N - pacue,Hoe Ycunue B 3-'IeMeHTe'
    N - pacuetHoe ycunue B gJIeMeHTe.

    Ta1nutqa9-9
    Paa6uexagaKJIenoK n 6ortoe
    Maxcnltaaruue
    Psa Bua ycnlar paccTofHHg
    H o p u u p y e u b t i tp a s M e P Hanpanleuue

    PactqxeHue 16d uau240 3 d l,tts. sa-


    Mexly IreHrpaMI{ 3a- B a n 6 o rt Kpafiuuft Ps.lI,rPH Ha- KJICIIOK
    erroK u 6onron H a r r p a B n e - Jrr.rqr.IH oraftn,trqtouero 12d s.nu 18b
    Cxarne
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    8 d u . n nl 2 b 3,5 d nls
    Kpairnufi npn or- PacrgxegHe
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    ro yroJIKa

    Or ueHTpa 3at(JIetiKH BAo.nu 2d


    r,trn 6olra Ao Kpafl SJIe- ycHnHq
    MEHTA Pactsxesue 4d uln 8b
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    ycHJIHtl H CX(arHe
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    HbIX KpOMKaX

    - ToJIIIIHHa caMoro TollKoro HapyxHoro 3JIeMerIra naxera;


    O 6 o s H a q e n n g. 0
    d - .u.uauetp orBepcrlrr .u.nl 3aKne[KH RJIH 6oara'
    TJIABA TEBflTAf. OEUHE YKA3AHNfl NO NPOEKTHPOBAHHIO CTAJIbHuIX KOHCTPYKUHN
    355

    3ax.nenxn n 6olttl, pa6otaroque oAHoBpeMelIHo Ha 2. BneqenrpeHHoe pacrflxeHl{e H c)Karue


    cpe3 14 pacTgx€Hue, npo'Bepflorafi orneJlbHo Ha cp€ H
    pacrflxenHe. 3axaenrcu paccquTblBalorcr IIo [HaMerpy or- S.neueHru KoHcrpyrullrfi, pa6oraloune Ha'BH'eIreHTPeH-
    Bepcrnfl. Eolttt paccqnTbltsaulrcfl Ha pacrl)Keulle - no Hoo pacrqxeHue n cxart,te, paccguTblBalorcfl tto Sopttty-
    -
    unou1ar,H Herro (,no napesre), H& cp€3 H cMfiTHe tto raM ra6.u. 9-12.
    AnaMerpy 6oJtlo,n.
    B rpe,n.neuusx oruorlo gJIeMeHTaK npyrcMy tlep$ rtpo- Ta6nuu,a9-12
    KJIaAKH HJIH HHbIe npoMe)IryToqHble SJIeMeHTbI,a TaKXe B
    rrpuKpenJleHnffx c or,Hocmponueft nax.uaArofi qHqIIo 3a'
    oreno* (6onroe) yBefluqllBaercr ilport{B pacqera ua 100/o' r|Pr4MeHeHnq
    B pa6ouNx sneMeuTax xoucrpyruufi qHcJIo 3aKJIenoK,
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    qAHy cropoHy crblKa, ao.nxHb 6Um He MeHe€ IFyx' T'0.II- B ueqeurpeH H oe Pac-
    N M
    I4IIHa CKJIe[bIBaeMO,rO naKeTa, KaK IIpaBIIJIO, He AOJIX(Ha --<[o] (9- 13) TffXIeEHeH BHeUeHTpeB-
    rlpeBocxoAHTb ,rlflTrt ,qHaMerpoB 3aKIIe[KI{. B npe4euax o'.ll- F"t wn HOe CXarHe
    HOIO gJIet\{eHTageO6XOItttyt,Onpl{MeHflTb nO BOSMOxHOCTH
    36,rUISIKII 9AII9IO AHaMeTpa, a B qelOft KoHCTpyKql4]'I He BueqeHrpeHHoe cxa-
    N M
    6o.nee AByx-Tpex .qHaMerPoB. -< [o] (9-14) r n e - f l p o B e p K a B r t o c -
    Pas6,unra 3aKJIe[oK Lr 6oaroe Aon)KHa npou3Bo,u'HTbcfl KOCTH AEfiCTBHfMOMCHTA
    corJracHo ra6t. 9-9. B cT!ilKax H y3Jlax 3aKJIenKHI{ BueueurPesHoe cxa-
    6olrn HaAJrex(HTpa3MeulaTb Ha MHHHMaJTbHbIX pa,ccTos-
    pa3Me[talor' rue. flpenePxa s nJIo-'
    HHtX; CO€AHHHTeJIbHbIe 3arKJI€rIKHrl 6olrst -
    KaK npaBuJlo, Ha MaKcuMaJIbHbIxpaocroflHusx. ["] (e-15) cKocTI{,IIepIIeHAHKyJIflp
    Hoft nJlocKocrH AeficrBHs
    MOMEETA
    9-4. PACIIET9JIEMEHTOBCTAJIbHbIX Aouycxaercfl nPH BHe-
    KOHCrPyKqllH qeHTpeHHOMCXaTHI{ Ha-
    N pn.u.y^cQopuyaofi (9- 14)'
    lol (e-16)
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    qeHne
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    paicTq}KeHHenqeHTpaJIbHoecxaTfl€'paccqHTbiBaloTcgno
    ta6.n. 9-10.
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    Ta6aw4a 9-10
    g-
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    no ra6l.9-ll;
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    Xx
    n p H n p o ] l o n b H o l \ {u 3 r n 6 e , o n p e r e ' { n e M u t R n c r a o j l ' 9 - l I ;
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    fr-'1"1 (e-11) I-[eurpa.urHoe Pacrfl-


    )KeirHe H C)I{ar?Ie
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    K -
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    uo ta6l' 9-13;

    + .-<
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    (9-18);
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    N
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    TIJIOCKOCTII K
    0 1,00 1,00 110 0,43 0,39 bnpe4e;rnercfi IIo SoPtrlYle:
    10 0,99 0,98 120 0,38 0,33
    20 0,97 0,95 130 0,32 0 , 2 9
    30 0,95 0,93 140 0,28 0,26 J1
    40 0,92 0,90 150 0,27 0,23 (e-17)
    0,24 0,21 K: Jt+k
    50 0,gg 160
    60 0,86 t70 0,21 0,19
    70 0,81 180 0,19 o,17
    80 0,75 190 0,17 0,15
    200 0,16r 0,14 KOTOporo AaEEil B
    90 0,69 rAe a - xoaQSnuuenr, SHarreHr{s
    100 0,60 ra6il. 9-14.

    23*
    {.iF

    pA3lIEJr nEpBbrf,. OErUrrn


    356
    Ta6nw4a9-/,3
    Koes{ uq}t€Hrbrr ss noHH'*eHH pacqeTe BHeueHTpeHHo cx(aTHx
    i #lr:t r.:i T',i.oJrT'iff i[i rili "

    I roo l r z o l r o l r e ol r a oI z o o
    0 0,96 0,94 0,92 0,gg 0,96 0,Bl 0,69 0,60 0,45 0,36 0,29 0,19
    0,2 0,79 0,78 0,76 0,73 0,70 0,66 0,57 0,51 0,41 0,33 0,27 0,lg
    0,4 0,69 0,67 0,65 0,63 0,60 0,56 0,49 0,45 0,37 0,31 0,25 0,17
    q,6 0,59 0,57 0,55 0,53 0,50 0,44 0,40 0,34 0,28 0,24 0,17
    0,8 0,52 0,51 0,49 0,47 0,45 0,40 0,37 0,31 0,27 0,22 0,16
    1,0 0,47 0,46 0,44 0.43 0,41 0,36 0,34 0,29 0,25 o,2l 0,16
    0,43 0,42 0,41 0.sg 0,37 0,34 0,31 0,28 0,24 0,20 0;15
    l12 0,22 0,19 0,15
    1,4 0,40 0,39 o,37 0;36 0,35 0,31 0,29 0,26
    1,6 0,37 0,36 0,35 0,32 0,30 0,28 0,24 0,21 0.19 0 ,1 4
    0.34 0,33 0,32 0,30 0,28 0,26 0,23 0,20 0,19 0,14
    0:32 0,31 0,30 0,28 0,26 0,24 0,22 0,20 0,17 0,13
    0,28 0,27 0,27 0,25 0,23 0,22 0,20 0,18 0,16 0,14 0,12
    0,24 0,24 0,23 0,22 0,20 0,20 0,18 0,16 0,15 0,13 0,12
    0,21 0,2L 0,20 0,18 0,18 0,17 0,15 0,13 0,12 0,11
    0,22 0,1I 0,10
    0 ,l 9 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,19 0,17 0,16 0 ,1 5 0,14 0,13
    0,16 0,16 0,16 0,15 0,14 0,14 0 ,1 3 0,12 0 , 1I 0,10 0.09
    0,16 0,09 0,09 0:08
    7 0,12 0,12 0,12 o,l2 0,12 0,12 0,11 0,ll 0 ,i 0 0.10
    0,09 0,09 0,09 0,08 0,08 0,09 0;08 0,07 0,07 0,06
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    20 0,05 0:05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,04 004

    r.u,e/o-pacqerHaf, ,lnilHacTepxl{fl; ro-pa'El{yc HHepuHa


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    a- AJIS nlo6blx ce.Ieunft
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    i0,78
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    It - MoMeHT HHePIIHH K: . (e-18)


    'uau6olee cx(aroH , * L.{sL
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    357
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    ,[.onycraeuoe 3HaqeHae BCeX MapOK E :2,1' 106


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    10 1 l, 5 15,5 t7 20 2 2 , 5 27 3l
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    362
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    r,Jrfi xeneao6eroHHbrx
    Paccrogsrle MexAy $eprrrauu, KapKacaMH r.IJrLrnaKera-
    fiI. l0-3, 1), uo 6o.uuu,uu LtJtrr paBHbIM 0,0,50/o nJIo'uIaAH
    MH (n caery) Aorrx{Ho ycraHaB.rrr4Barbcff c yqeroM
    pacqeruoro cerleHufl 6etoua.
    KoHcrpyKqnfi- Il3ru6aevux, BHeqeHT- cnoco6a rpaHclloprapoBaHuq H yKxaAKH 6erosnofi cMecH.
    Pac.rer raKr x
    peHHo pacTsHyrblx, a TaKlKe rex BHeqeHTpeIIHoc>Karblx PexorueuAyeMbrenper,eJrbHbre3HaqeHHfl 3Toro paccrofl-
    HHs: Har,rMeHbrrree- 0,5 il, uau6o.nluee - l/e ToJrulr,rHbr
    3JI,e\teHTO,B,npOqHocrb KOTOpbIX oIIp'e.{eJlf'g-tc,fi rIP'ortHO-
    sJreMeHTa,HO He 60nee I nt.
    crbto pacrlHyrofi 3onrt, MoxHo npol'IsBoAHTb(n coorBer-
    crBr{r{ c |OCT 4286-48) corJlacHo cJIeAyIourHMyKasa- B coorBercrBr{H c Llllcrpyxqueft H 16-51 M3C CCCP
    lto npoeKTHpoBaurrloxeneeo6eroHHbrx KoHcrpyKultfi c ue-
    HIrqMt.
    cyulHMr.rapMaTypHbIMHKapKacaMII.Arq KapKacoB Mox(Ho
    npr{MeHrTb:
    -a)
    npoKar Kpyr,'Ioro ceqeHr,rfi143craJlr{ MapKH Cr. 3;
    6) npoxar r{3 ropffqeKaraHHoro nepnoAutlecKoro npo'
    Qu.nn H3 crarln Maplfl{ Cr. 5 (|OCT 5781-51);

    ' C r u . n p x n e q a H H e x r p o p v y ; r a r r r( 1 0 - 4 ) n (10-28).
    t floa,po6Hee cpr. I'OCT 428648.
    PA3,4,EJI NEPB6IN. OEUHf,
    366

    B) npoKar Kpyrroro ceqeHnfl, noABeprHyrblft cunoBofi


    Xua"6pbu*. Hna'cn.rrroUeHsufi nepgoAg'{ecKoro npoSula
    H3 cTaJrH MapKH Ct. 3 (nonycraeTcfl ToJIbKo Aaq, AOnOJI-
    Hr{TeJIbHofi air*,tarypu, Heo6xoAllt'toft AJtff ntopofi yKa3aH-
    Hofi Hffi(e cia4ntl, '.""p*ofi rIpH ttpHcoeAuHeHHI'IK KapKacy K95-
    TaKTHOft sssaIrHofi npono.rroxofi);
    "OU"U"Ofi nportar u3"nn
    r) npoQu.nrsuft crarlu MapKrI Cr' 3'
    B oiAe.nnnux cryqarx npu orcyrcrBnl't craJIH -MapKH t0-10.
    0c'
    Cr. 3 AonycKaerc" nplroa"HeiruecraJIH MapKH Cr'
    Koro'pblx npe- Ta6ttuqa 10-10
    Ang uaccnegrtx ron'ctpyx[ufi, ceqeHHg
    Bbrlualor rpe6yerr,Iue no pacqery npoqHocru, npuMeHfler- flpu pacqere
    Hanpc)KeHns Anc crarl{
    cfl 6etos MapKH 110. .ll,onycxaeMble
    KapKacaMu KapxacoB a rcelcnz
    Ans ocraniHux xoucrpyxuufi c HecyuryIMH
    npHMeHqercs 6eros MapKI'I He HHII(e 170' cTaJrb MapoK
    'I(apxacrr
    paccquTblBalor no AByM craAHlM pa6oru: rto
    -craarlu
    - rIpH cBexeyno)KeHHoM He3arBep- Bu,4 nanpgxenus
    n ep eo fi
    .u.a"itt"* 6etoue, KorAa buu pa6oralor KaK MeTaJIJII{qecKHe
    K o H c r p y K I l H H ,H n o a r o p o f i craAHI'I-rtpu 3arBepAeB- I 600
    Pacrgxeulte,cxarue n ngru6 I 800
    meM 6erose' -
    Pacqet KapKacoB no IIepBoH craAHH )TaAHH npol'IsBoAHTc' ilo I 100 1000
    MeTaJIJII{qecKHx
    "Ptt-:^o:t
    KOH'CTpyKul',IH' Cpes
    HOpMaM npoeKTIrpoBa:Hr4f, ' -'II'o HopMaM IIpo- I 450 1 300
    Pacqet xapxacon no alopofi craAlIH Cusrne MecrHoe
    eKTHpoBaHHflx(ere3o6etoultux KoHcrpyKqufi'
    npHHI{MaIor-
    np" pacqere KapKacoB IIo flepBofi ctaAuu
    cfl cneAyIOUlUe Harpy3KI{: (oeQQnuHeHTbI 3anaca u HacHI{eHHe }KeJle3o6etosuux
    600 rczlnt; KapKacoB no BTopou
    a) nec 6eroHa, apMupoBaHHoro KapKacaMH'-2 ceqesufi aprvratypofi npu pacqere
    H^ | uz nepeKpbrrul cor'tt-acuo 4eftcreytoullEm
    Ai Bec Aoulatbfi^oniny6{u craAI{U AOITKIIbI IIpHIIX',IMarbcg
    (ax.nrouar' 6a'nrs lI purenu) - 50 Kei HOpMaM Ha upoertlrpoBaHlle >I(eneSo6eroHltblx KOHCTpyK-
    pa6or:
    n) rr,tonrax<Hafl.naipyaxa npu npol{-3Bor'crBe
    200 rca na I n2 ile- KapKacax cra.neft Pa3IIbIx Ma-
    rns pacrlera 6anox'-nepexpurus'-
    peKpbIrHs; nropofi craAHH cJIeAYer rrpol'l3-
    rce Ha I 'u2 nepe- upeAeJtOBTeKyqecTI{'
    Aflq pacqera purenefi u KoJIoHH-100
    I{pbITHf;

    J I 1 4 T E PA TYRA
    crpoHTenb-
    xypnal'lu'u'porexunqecKoe
    rexHnqecKnx coopyxennfi'
    Coneurauue no rrpoeKTl'rpoBaHHto xeJle3o- l0' 1948'
    l. BHt4TO crpoureleft, creo" I[c
    Mocrea'-1952'
    6eronnutx rnaporexHHqecKux coopyxeHufi'
    n xe;reso6eroHHble ru:rpo- ir, xvp'aa "I na'-
    7. fl er B o B vl- E', O npoueutg----3-p*"po"aHI4l
    ilir-fvxuu 'xeJles-o6etoHHblx
    2. |OCT 428&48, Koncrpyxuun 6eronnue
    HopnnH H TexH?tqecKlle ycnoBHs
    rlpoeKru- n,",-oip*,np9
    9'laxl##d#ffi
    cTpouTeJlbcrBUil: %*
    u' Id;fJ
    rJu!'
    TexHr{r{ecKHX POTeXHI'tqecKoe
    poBaHHs. "oopyr*L"*li upot{Hocrn H pac-qerax cet{eHuu
    KolrcrpyK- 8. fI e r p o B H' E', O sauacax 6etoHa' xypHan
    xeleSo6eroHnux rHrporexHuqecKltx *"tit"pv[q"i-1"
    -iipoiti"nocrno' rlpftpoeaHHorb
    3. HHcrPYxuur n o u p o e K r u p o B a H l l t o 16-51)' J$ l0' 1948'
    nnft c HecYtrtHMH afooa"y:ptuMl'I KapN acarra-u(H ,fu.u,potexHI'It{ecKoe
    xeneso6eroH-
    4 . K o x e B H H K o B A . C ' -' K a yxenufi o n P o c Yp- xaycpqrer ar a. t rx, fel ll e
    l . 3Poo6r e
    e xr oununuuexc -
    9. T a fi s e p C. H', Coeerua""g 19
    npoeKrupoBarlnlo
    --xypnaa
    ', naporexHHqecKoe
    greMeHToB Fl{.u,porexHHq ec Ku-x coop 'dii'i"i"ni"rro'
    Hbrx rE.rtporexHl'tqecKHx -KoHcrpyKurafr' "f
    *oe ctponteJlltrso" Nb 10' 1948' Ng{, 1952'
    Meto.u, pacqera. r-H'n'porexHl'IqecKI'lx
    coopy- q xu - ]n"
    0''l-exuu ec
    l0.rexuuqecKHe-vcno"-1i:"-..::.:"^:o;'-"'IX""JJ"";Tf
    i,*'""il"oiitt'*"ii"l'. i ii* ioopyx. ", r x it{/"onYffr
    5 . J I a v n u a u f l . fl., -
    1948' || 1 (TV
    x e s u f i x a - a P u o 6 e r o u a ,iocaneP.orisaar, n anuoroncrlvKtr
    6.JIaYnr'raufI. f l ' ' O mero.tte pacqera apuo6eroHublx rn'['po- ll
    P A 3 . T E J TB T O P O 1 4

    IACC,N
    EAOBAHIAfl, I43bICKAHWfl,
    TTAilPOflOTWLLECKKIE
    PACLIETbI

    l ,
    F
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    i
    I

    r I A r ) . 4 o I u H H A , 4 , U , 4r A f l
    TIECKHEI43btCKAHHqt4 I,tccJIEAOBAHHg
    THAPOTEXHT4
    (O6urne 4aHHue)I

    I l-r. KJTACCHOHKAUHT fHl A P O T E XH


    Hq E C K H X 2. Cocraepa6or
    H3bICKAHVIH
    H HCCJIEAOBAHHH.
    COCTABPAEOT

    l. K.rraccn@HKarIHq

    [Io o6rexrau pa3flHrralor H3brcKanHfl rr r.rccJreAoBaHr4fl


    peK, o3ep, BoAoxpaHHJrHul, 6o.not, aeAHHKoB, [oA3eMnbrx
    BoA, Mopeft, no4opasAeJroB.
    flo r{eJru pa3flH'{alor H3brcKaHHfl H HccJre,rLoBaHHqKoM-
    rrJreKcHHe, BOAHO-gIIepreTHrIecKI.{e, CyAOXO,IHhIe,
    Cocrae norteBbLx pa.6or
    JIecO-
    cnJraBHhIe, HppuraquoHHbte, ocyul{TeJrbHbte, pu6oxosaficr_ (no ucclteAosaHuwwpet)
    B'eHHbr'e, no.q,ocua6x<'erHuff, .IIo 6,opn6e c HaBoAHeHHflMtl,
    3aTOrrJreHHeM I{ Ap. I) FeoAegr.recrue
    n ronorpaeuqecrrre:
    a) npoJro)r(euue
    onopnoftcerr{ (rpuaury.rrrqufi,
    noJrn-
    foHoMeTpHq, acTpoHoMHriecKr.re
    onpeAe,rrenug);
    o) HHBenHpOBaHHe;
    n I c'beMKa.
    llponnepHue:
    a) nporvrepur.rry6un;
    6) rpaneHze.
    Ta6ttu4a 11-I 3) fuapororn.{ecKue:
    a) ua6.nroAesrs HaA ypoBEqMH;
    6) .npreeAeune noaeshri pa6or x cpe3orrHoMy (ycaon-
    Cra1un npoeKrnpoBaHr.rc u HsHcxaHHfi
    uorray) ypoBHro;
    n) uauepenue cxopocrefi TeqeHHq H pacxoAoB BoAbr;
    Pa6o,{He
    qept€xH r) xa6.[pAeHuq HaA HaHocaMH H
    $oprrrupoaanueM
    pyc.Ila;
    A) onpeAeneHue yKnoHoB u xoe0$HqnenroB rrepoxo-
    Cra.upru P e ro rs o - Ipe.qsa- [Ionpo6- C r p o n - BATOCTH;
    asHcxasHfi crlHpoBorr- p H T e n b- HHE TenbHbIe e) H3yqeHHe reMrreparypuoro pex(Lrrua, 3aMep3aHufl,
    Hbte nne (o6- (npelno- 3HMHerO COCTOflHHq H BCKpbrTHr;
    IerqeH- crpoeq- x) onpeAeJreHuerrpo3paqHocrHH uBera BoAbr.
    uue) ntre) 4) MereopofloruqecKne H KJrHMaTHqecKHe.
    5) Feo.nornqecKr{e, reoMop$oJrornrrecKue, rr{Aporeoflo-
    THqCCKI{C H TCOTEXHHqECKI{C.
    6) Hcure4onaxur 6acceftHa, Ao.rruHbr A nofiuu peKH.
    3ra crajlnf npoerTHpoBaHHs B pa3nnqxbrx MHHHcrepcrBax H Be- Hcc.ne4oeaHucrrpHToKoB.
    _--*
    HMeer pasjr-b]g Hs3BaHHfl; ona ne npe.uycr,aorpena B yKa3aH_
    l9y.l:r*
    HoM nocra'oBre'HH CHK CCCp 7\ floqsennHe.
    oco6o cJroiKHbrxo6rerroa. _Hnpl{\reHrercs npu npoextnpoBaHuH
    8) I'eo6orannqecKue.
    Heo6xoiurro rro Bo3\roxnoirr.r yMeHb,'arb
    qucno cra.s,lrfr npoexTupoBtHuf
    Lt r.t3btcKanr,u{, 9) fr4poxunrrnqecKne.
    10) l-ulpo6norornqecKue (Qnoprr rr QayHu n o A ) , B
    qACTHOCTH, HXTHOJIOIUqCCKHC.
    Kpoue HsrtcxaHnfi TexHHrrecKHx, npoH3BoAflTcfl H3brcKa- 1l) PasHbre (Qororpa$uqecKue, H3yqeHHe naMfirHHKoB
    HHs 3KoHoMHrrecKHe; ueo6xoAlltnto o6ecuequrb recHyro crapHHbr B rleJrrx HX 3arrlHTbr HJrH nepeHoca H Ap.).
    CB'I3b MCX(AY TCXHHI]ECKHMH H SKOHOMHIICCKIIMI.I
    H3bICKA- 12) Cneqnaunuue (n 3aBr.rcuMocrrr or rpe6onaHul"t
    HH'MH.
    rpoeK ra u sa4auur).

    I Fx,uporrorHqecKH
    ( rex . n p o r , r e t p n u e c r n p
    ea) 6oru-cu. r a . 1 2 , r r n x e u e p H o - r e o n o n u q e c r xH
    e 3 b r c K a H H g - c Mr.; r . 1 4 .

    24 s^*. izs
    P A3T EJI BT OPOrt. HCCJIEN,OB AH H fl , H ?\ICKAH H fl , TH,4,POT OTN q ECKH E P AC'TETbI
    370

    Tainuqa I I-2
    ,ll,aHnue o HHBenHpoBaH?rH I-V KraccoB

    t X .
    :i c)
    Ourn6ru sa | rc'v
    B ''T'
    q., - 7
    Jlauxa -r- \o
    Y > Cnoco6 ycraHoBKrl cayua fiHue
    K.nacc xo.['a 9*x v-k 6
    cucTe-
    6ro< !q ' b a s Pefiru .u.eneHHq

    gr|g.Et M TH-
    B ,LII = v
    G, cJ L, oJ <:s B C.tt
    E P>, 6 = d . J 0 ) qecKHe
    F.i Al. ), l:

    ^I p n u e n r e r c f f A n f l c n e u { a J r b r { b r xH a y q H b r xu e n e f i ,
    npn ilpoH3BoAcrBe fulporexHHqecKHx H3brcKa-
    ulrfi He ItMeer npHlueHeHufl
    600- 3-5 40x 75-100 Ha 6aurlrarax, 14naapHne
    l 200 no ypoBHro llrTpHxoBbIe, t l + 9 +0.2
    0,5 cu
    500- 4-B 35-40x 75-100 H a 6aurruaK ax, r O
    600 ^.[,nycropoHHHe t 4 f 0.4
    rro ypoBHK) V,b CJlt, IUTpH-
    xoBble

    10- l5 30-40X 75-100 H a 6aurruaK ax .[,nycropoHHfle * 8 +0,8


    IIJIH KOCTbIJIflX, I c-tt,c npucraB-
    no ypoBHro Hbrn MeTpoM
    1 0 0 -1 5 0 H a 6aruuaxax, IaycropoErrHe + 1 0+ 2 4 + 2 , 0
    KOCTbIJIffX, c tlpHcTaBrrbrM
    KOJIbgX MeTpoM
    V 15-25 r00-200 H a 6arunaarax, ,{nycropoHHHe, +40 + 4 0
    (.uannn- KOCTblJIflx, oArrocropoHHHe
    BeJrupo-
    BAHHg
    KO"[bsx
    penb-
    eOa)

    1 r - 2 . T E O A E S H T I E C K H EH T O I I O I - P A O 1 4 E i E , C K H E I : 5 000. (vanue pexu); npr Harrr.rqHr runpoxofi noftmu


    PA6OTbI OOIqAfl CbCMKA NPOI,I3BOAI{TCg B 6O.NCC MCJIKOM MACIIITA-

    9",.:llpxyep.:. ^1 : 25 000, a pycno B 6onee KpynHoM -


    1. Hr,rne.nnpoBaHne (cm. ra6r. ll-2) 1 : 10000, I : 5 000 (pyc.roeaa-treuxa)
    2. Cteuxa Ta6.,tuqa11-3

    l) BnAur cbeMKI,I: a) r{eH3yrbHaq; 6) raxeoMerpurle- Honrenxlarypa Kapr


    cKas; n) Hr4Be,rHpHaq(no nonepeqnbrlunpcQrunu); r)
    Qotoreo,uoJrHrHafl (naaerunan); A) aapcQorccteMI{a. Macurra6 Houeur;rarypa
    OcHoeHblld BH.rLoMgbel{Ku BuariuTeflbHbrxnJrorqaAeft se- (npuuepu)
    Jlflercfl aepoQorocteMKa. Bo scex cJryqaflx r{cnoJrb3oBanne
    HMeIoIqHxcfl MarepnaJroB aepoSorocreMr(H, npou3BeAesnoft
    .-
    1: I 0 0 00 0 0 40 6" N -az
    x,Jrq xaprorpaSuqecKr.rx r,r Apyrux qelefi, flBJrflercff o6qsa- l: 5 0 00 0 0 2 0 3o 4 N-az-r
    TCJIbHbIM.
    l: 2 0 00 0 0 40, 1o 36 N-sz-xxxvr
    2) Macurra6u cbeMKn. llpu eu6ope uacrura6a cbeM- 1 0 00 0 0 20,
    xu neo6xoAlrMo yrruTbrBarbxapaKTep, o6teu c'beMKH,cra-
    l: 30, 144 N-rz-ra+
    t{xc.lo Jn{croBB
    AHIo npoerffr.rpoBaHufl14 Lr3brcKauufi,rpe6onaHnn npoeK- olr{oM JrHcTeIIpe-
    ta, {rneuxo-reorpaQfiqecKue ycnoBrifl H T. rr. ,u,br.4yr[efoMac-
    urra 6a
    rlpH r,tccJreAoBaHr{sxBoAoxpaHr.rJrHrrI,IIpoeptTr.{pyeMbrx l : 5 00 0 0 1 0 ,
    Ha cpeAnr.rx u 6orsuux peKax, npuMeHfllcrcq lracuna6rr
    l5' 4 N-ez-t+l-r
    1:25000 5' 7 '30" 4 N -gz-taa-r-t
    I : 25 000 v. I : 50 000 e 3asrlcururocru or nJroruaAr{ BoAo-
    l : 1 00 0 0 2t30" 3t45'l 4 N-az-ts+-l-"-+
    xpaHHJrHrrIau craAHr.r npoerffIrpoBaHHs; B pq,4,e cJryqaeB r{uc.noJIHcroBB
    Mox(Ho npHMeHrrb cteMKy BoAoxpaHHJrHnIB uacmra6e O.4HOM JIHCTE
    t : 100 000; 6opra BoAoxpaHuJrnutau orAeJrbHbreyqacrKu 1 : 1 0 00 0 0
    c u u M a r o r c qs M a c u r a 6 e 1 : 1 0 0 0 0 n I : 5 0 0 0 ( u a n p n u e p , 1: 5 000 I ttr, tr,t
    256 |.I-sz-
    r++-1zra1
    9ucao rucroB B
    3acrpoeHHbre yqacrKH, rleHHbre yroAns H T. n.). Mecra o.4uoM ,racTe
    coopyxeHufi cHnManrcfi B nacmra6ax 1:2000, l:1000, l:5 000
    I :500. I N-az-tr+(zrs-s)
    flpu uccJreAoBanHflx peK, HcnonbsyeMnx Anfi cyAoxoA-
    cTBa B cgo6oAuor\,r cocTof Hnr{, npIMeHflIoTcfl uacrura6u
    I : 25000 (6o.rrrmnepexu), I : l0 000 (cpenuuepexu), IIpnue'{aRue. H a J r r . r c rKe a p r b r N $ 7 n o u e u r a e r c qM o c r s a .
    TJIABA O,qHHHA,AAATAfl. TH IIPOTEXHH TTECRHEH 3bICKAHHfl H HCCNETOBAHHfl
    7l
    I I_3. T.I
    POMEPHbIE PAEOTbI 2. Pacnouolr(eHnenpoMepHbrxnpoQnJrefi
    1. flpu6opnr
    flpu npoMepnbrx pa6orax HcnoJrb3ylorcfl Harf,erxa, pyq- flporuepu rpon3BoArrrcff no npoQHnrM (rancarvr): no-
    sofi JIor, pu6a.nm (npu cKopocrqx reqeHr.rq 6olrure uepeqHbrM,KOCbIM,npOAOnbHbIM.
    I,0 .ulcerc); sxoror - coBercKnft P3JI-[ u P?il-2, cnpoeK- Sxo.nornpoBaHHe coBMecrHo c a3poSorosbeMKoft sB-
    THpoBaHHbreH H3roroBJreHHbre focy4apcrBeHHbrM HHcrHTy- rqerct BecbMa aQQexrunnrrru MeroAoM rHApoTexHHrrecKHX
    roM rpoeKTupoBaur{s H ngucKannfi xa peqEoM Tpaucuop- I,I3bICKAHHfi.
    re, c roqHocrbro npoMepoB r.ny6uu 0,05-0,20 z; rny6uuu
    fi3Mepsrorcs Ao 20 x.

    T I V TE P A T Y P A
    l'. EaH3Hqr E . B . , B o . u , u u eH c c r e , [ , o B a H n gP, e q a g . [ , a r .1 9 5 2 . H MeTO.[bt KOMIIreKcHofo ilcloJrb3oBaHHg Bo.f,Hblx pecypcoB r{4.[blx
    6acceiiuoa, ,{. I, Nsa. Ara.u.euuu Havx CCCP, 1949.
    feoAesnqecxne pa6oru .2. - B o e H s o - r o l o r p a $ u v e c x o e ynfaeJIeHHe r e H e p a r b H o r o u r t a 6 a Kpac-
    rr tononpaQusecKne
    noft Aprrlan, llpOcrefiurae cnoco6rr onpeleneHlrs HcTr.lHHol-o MepHrlIaHa
    t 94r.
    3. HacrasaeHue ro rn.a,porpaSuqecKor{y peKornocqupoBaHulo pel('
    os ep n 6oaor, fu.upolugrnbasrai, M. 1942.
    ^ !. C^npanoqHHK nyrerrrecrBerJHHXa v xpaeBe.u,a, IIoI pe.laxultefr
    C. B. OOpyuena, feoipaenaaar, 194g.

    Hccfle,qosaHnc osep H BoAoxpanr{Jrnrq

    HacragreHue rHrpoMereopoJIorHqecxHM craHIlHsr\r lt EccraM


    creft , feo.ueeug.u,ar, 1950. ebtn. 7, I-uapoaornvecKHe Ha6rto.4eunq Ha o3epHbrx craHurrsx, lrnapo-
    7. I,lHcrpyrqus tro HuaenupoBaHnrc II KJracca, leo.4egus.lar, 1949. Mereou3,u.ar, tgqA.
    8. KoHtuHH M . B . , A a p o $ o r o r o n o r p a Q u e , I . e o a e s n e . u a r .1 9 4 9 .
    9. JI e o H T o s n'{ B. 1., TexnusecKo€ HHB€i'rHpoBaHHe,H3.rL. Hap- Hcc.lte.u,osanss 6o.nor
    KoMxoBa PCQCP, 1938.
    10. JI e o rr r o n u u B. 1., Vxon sa reole3uqecKuMu HncrpyneH- 1. HacrasteHlae rlrjtpoMere('ponorHr{ecKHrt craHIrHsl\t E nocraM'
    'raltH, us.a.
    AKa.4eM!{H apx;r{TeKrl/pril yCCP, 1950. eun. 8, Fr.r.u,po:lonuuecxueHa6.noiLeHHc Ha 60-rornrtx craHuHqx, firrpo-
    11. HacraraeHne no HlrBenxpoBaHup lll il IV xraccoa n no Bbrcor- Mereor,r3!,ar, 1948.
    flbrM Teoro,{ETnbrM xoilaM. leo.u.esns!.ar, 1952. 2. ll a H H,4 H a .u,u A. ,[1., I4uxexepno-Me-itnoparuBuE{e H3brcKaHHq
    .[,as uelefi ocyrIeHus, Cellxolrus' 1948.
    12. HacrasJeHHe no cbeMKaM B KpynHHx uacurra6ax 1:5 000,
    1:!0C, 1:1000, Nsa. fYfK, 3.TrcpeirHoe C.H-.,_TopQnuue M e c r o p o l x A e H u sH HX pa3-
    1938.
    13. HacrasJreHuerro ronorpaSnlecxoft cbeMKe s uacura6e 1:25000. B e.u.Ka,I'ocanepror.rsaar, 1949.
    "r. I n II, I-eoaesuslar, 1946-1948.
    14. O p n o n fI. I{., Kypc reor,esnntCeroxosrus, 1953. fIo.reeHHbte uccneAoBaHuc
    15. flpaerzaa no rexHHKe 6egouacnocru Ha rolrorpa$o-reoa,esnue-
    crux pa6orax, I-eo.[,e3usaar, 1950. 1. B r,rr r, q M c B. P., floqsoseleHrae, Ce.rsxoerHs, 1947.
    16. tI e6orap e e A . C . , f e o . u . e e l t l u, . I u I I , f e o a e s n s ! . a t ,1 9 4 8 2- Kp a c Io K A. A., floqesr H Hx Hccne.4oBaHIIe B rlpl{po.u,e' Ceau-
    u 1949. xosrus, 1931.
    17. lll u Jr o B fl. l{., Feolesun, leo.u,esus.u,ar, 1953. 3. P o s o s JI. fi., Me;rnoparnBuoe noqBoBe.q,eHue,Ce,tlxo3rlrs, 1936.

    flpouepnue pa6orot f eo6oranlrqecnUe HccJre,{,oBaHilfl

    l. flpasa.la rulporpaSr.rqecrofi. cay-r_6utJ\b5. llporrep Ha peKax l . E o r a H u , { e c x u fnt s c r u r y t A r a n e l r u l . r u a 3 r r C C C P , M e r o . u . u r ar o -


    (nfC t 0 S ; , V r p a e r e H u e n r . r p o r p a $ u u B M c DC C C P , i 9 4 5 . - JIeBbtxreo6oraHHqecKHxr{ccJ're.itoBaHl,lli, H3.u,. AKa.[,eMliHuayx CCCP,
    2. @ e.u.o p o s V. V1., HaeHralluonHbre3xonorbr, MopueAar, 1948. 1938.
    3. LII e ir r} n lI. A., lulporpa@nqecKHe pa6oru Ha-.1perax,uaa. 2. I' a B e M a u A. 8., Aepo$orocteMKa H uccJreaoBaHr4s npnpo.d.Hbtx
    BMC, 1949. p e c y p c o n , r { s a . A x a r e M H HH a y K C C C P . 1 9 3 7 .

    Mer eoponori{q ecKne r{ KJIlrMaroflorrrrrecKHe r{ccneAoBarIr,rfl f u4poxuu nqecrfle HccJIeAoBaHHfl


    1. A ;r e K H H O. A., OcHsesr rfirpoxnMr.ru, fuapouereon3.[ar, 195-?.
    1. Kerpo nr{ B aH c rn il B. H. n CrepHsar I U .C . , M e r e o p o - 2. e TTrrHrep M. (pea.), Ctauaaprntre veroabr xrrMnqecKoro l,t
    Jlorr,rqecKHe npu6opur, fn.r.pouereous,aar, 1953. 6aKTepHororr{qecKoro HccJreit,oBaHHqBo.u,br,Me.u,rHs, 1940.
    2. Hacragaenne rH,u,poMereopoxornqecKHrr{ craHuu sM H rrocraM,
    fyl-Mc, Buu. 3, Mereopoaoruqecxne ua6rueHuq Ha craHurrffx, lu.n- Fu.u,po6no.norlrqecKHe r{ccneAoBaHHs
    poMereoH3.u.at, 1946.
    l . ) K a . u .s r B. H., QayHa peK H Bo.{,oxpanr.rnuu, H3;r. Axa.a.evnu
    yr CCCP' 1946.
    n a -2.
    O6aerqennbre H peKornocqnpoBorrHhre HccJreAoBaHHf peK 3epHon C. A., O6uiag rn.upo$uolornr, I,t3A. Ara,(euux HayK
    cccP, 1949.
    1.54H BHgr E . B . , H c c a e r o s a H n f l r . r . r 3 b r c r a u r . r g . & nHsc n o . r b 3 o B a - 3. JI r.ru n n A. H., flpecrrneBo,[,b,
    H ux :dHgHb,
    Vunelrns, 1g50.
    rrnf; BoJrHbrxpecypcoB MaJrbrx 6acceftHoa, Arca.u,eMrq nayr< CCCp, Cer- 4. fl p a B Jl H H H. @., Pyxoao.ucreo no rr3yqeHurc psr6, uea. JIe-
    qHs nD HayuHoft paepa6orxe npo6leu Bo4uofo xogtficrua, flprluqr.runr Huurpa.qcKororocyrapcrBeHHono yHHBepcuTera, 1939.

    24*
    TJIABA N.BEHAIIUATAfl

    rr4nPoJrorHqECKt4E pA6OTbr
    (rr4ApoMETpr4rrECKHE)

    r2-r. oBIrIHE AAHHbrE rpaQuue). Ha6.rrrcAeuuqnpou3BoAqrcfl B 8 qac. H n 20


    qac; rtpn MaJrbrx xo.ne6auusx yponHeft B TeqeHHe cyroK
    A.ns rz3yrreHHrrrHApoJrornr{ecKoro pe}KHMa peK (oaep)
    HcnoJrb3ylorcq Ha6nrcAeHHflHa ruApoJrorr{rrecKr.rx orpaHHrIHBaIorcflua6.utoAenHflMHB 8 qac., npH 3Haqlr-
    craHur4sx
    H nocTax, BXoAflUIHX B fr.tApoMeTeopoJrorHqecKyroceTb H Te.r-IbHbIX (no BpeMq IIaBoAKoB tI np.) - riHcJro ua6nrcAe-
    HaxoAruluxcq B BeAeHHHf.nanuoro ylpaBJreHuff rHApoMe- ttuit yBerur{HBaercfl.
    reopoJrorr4.{ecxoiicnyx6u (fyfMc), Heo6xoAuruo o6ecnequrb onpeAeJreHHe HaHBbrctflr{x
    a raKxe ApyrHX Be-
    ypooHeft nyreM ycrpoficrna rpocreftruprx MaKcHMaJrbHbrx
    AOIICTB;KpOrUeTO|O, OpfaHH3yrOTCfAOnOJrHHTeJrbHbre CTaH-
    \-/'IIHH H nocrhl, Aeficrnyrcutrle B Terregue Bcero nepnoAa pegK (uanpr,rrr,rep, crrcreMbr E. B. ErugHqra H Ap.).
    usbrcxaunri (uacruuHo rr Bo BpeMff nocrpoftxn), Ho He Lns. na6moAeuuft npHJrHBoBH orJrHBoB,crcHHbrx H Ha-
    Menee I rola. roHHbrx Rn,neHrarl,qacrbrx naBoAKoB Lr r. rI. )KeJrareJrbHa
    Ha6.rrroAeslrs Ha 3THx craHrlusx H nocrax nponsBoAsr- ycTaHoBKa caMonHcrleB ypoBHq.
    cs no HacraBneHHqM U HHcrpyrflIHflM fyfMc Ha KaxAoM BoAoMepHolvrnocry Anr HaAexHofo sa-
    C AOnOa-
    HeHuqMH fi yroqHeHusMr4,yrruTbrBaloult4Mnrpe6onauun KpenJreHHs HyJrfl rpaQraxa ycraHaBJrHBarorcflnpoqHbre
    cooTBeTcTBYiOUll.rx npoeKToB. penepbr (He rrleueeanyx).
    !.ns noflyrreHur oAnopoAuoli crenenu ToqHocru noJre- Ec.rrn pacrroJro)KeHneBoAoMepHoro flocra cern fulpo-
    BbIX 4aHHblx p,eKoMeHAyIoTcfl lcrroAyroqlie [43M,epI4T€JrH ueteoc.nyx6u He coBnaAaer co crBopoM nJIorHHbr,To B
    u oKpyrreHuq BerrHr{HH(ra6.n. 12-1). nocneAHeM xeo6xoAuuLr rtapaJrJreJrbHbre Ha6nrcAenus Ha
    Becb IrepI{oA ugucxasuf.i H crponTeJrbcrBa, Ha ocHoBaHHH
    Ta6ttuqa 12-l KOTOpbrXnepeHocflTcff B cTBop nJroTHHbrxapaKTepHbreoT-
    Hsuepureilu H oKpyrreHuc MeTKH fponHefi (neqocrana, JreAoxoAa, MaKcr.rMaJrbHoro
    ypoBHfl y a. A.).
    Saenaentu BblrtucJreHHrI I4suepnreau H oxpyrJreHus
    r2-3. OnPEAEJIEHHEPACXOAOBBOAbr
    Bpeua I ceK. Hsvrepeullr pacxoAoB ilpousBoAflrcq:
    Bu co r a y poB s s BO,qhr I ctt a) nocpeAcrBoM BepryrxeK, 6arouerpoB - Taxr{MerpoB,
    fry6nna I ; rH.upoMeTpHqecKuxrpy6ox, rorrJraBKoB;
    To.nnlHna cHefa, '[b.4,4' 6) o6revnrru cnoco6ou, cMerrreHueM,rHApaBJrHqecKHM
    uryrH 1 " cnoco6oul.
    Vxro n Ao ruecroro .[ecflTuqsofo
    3SaKa 1. BepryurerrHbrficnoco6
    Cxopocrn reqeaufl ulcerc- rpn 3naqau1ue
    qr$piil npr u >/ | ulcerc vr Ocuonnuu cnoco6ou sBJrsercs nepryueuunfi. PacxoA
    3 H a q a q H eq u Q p sr,npn
    ,u ,Be BoAbrofipeAeJrflercq
    no Qopuy.ne:
    u 1 1 ulcerc
    flnouta.qu uz -rpu sHar{ arqne rlu Qpbr, Q: u.pQ, ( 1 2 -1 )
    rro He MeHee0,01 ,w2
    r.4e Q - pacx,oA 89,{br n n3f cerc, ocp cpe1Hfffl ,cKopocrb
    PacxoA BoAbr utlcerc- Tpr{ 3uaqaurue
    qnQplr ilpr{ Q > 1,0 atlceK Ter{eHHq B )KH,B,oMceqeHlrH v ntlcerc;
    9- n.ryoularb >KHBo,f'oc€qBHrI4fB ,t2: nJlolqarb ,cerle-
    H A Be 3 H a rra u ru eq nQpu
    Hllfl noroKa A onpe4eJlrercfl IIa ocHo,Ba'HI{I{npo-
    npu Q
    MepoB r.ny6uH (cru. r.n. ll).
    Pa cx oAHaHoc oB K?lceK - TpH SEaqaUHe
    rrH $ p b r,e c rrup a c x o l 6 oJrb- Cpeannr cK,opocrb Ha BeprHKaJrrrB orKpbrroM pycre urp
    ure I .0 rczlcerc .cJreAyroulunto6paeou.
    BbIr{r.I,cJs'slcrr
    flpu usn,tepeHuucnopocrefi n 5 to.r,xax tto BeprHKaJrH

    r2-2. HAEJT0AEHHfl yPOBH'MH 9.0 : 0,1 (rnou * 3oo,z* 3oo,u*2u0,8*pror) 02-2)


    HAA

    . BoAovrepHbre nccrbr npHMegrrorcr: I) peeqHbre;


    2) cnafixale; 3) cMeuaHHbre; 4) caMonuuryrqxe (.rrurr,rHu- 1Cn.ra. 2, n.2-75.
    TJIABA,qB E HA,4 qATAq . rH APOIOT H q ECKH E (HnpOMETp H tr EC KH E ) pA EOTbr
    373
    (uu.q'erccury u o6osHaqaroT rroJroxeH,HeroqeK uo ray6nHe
    B Aorqx or noJrgofi r.ny6nHu neptu.ra.nu).
    3" O6teMnbrficnocoO
    flpn usuepeunH cxopocrcfi no sepruraJru B 3 r'oqrax O6tevstrfi cnoco6 npHM,eHflercs AJrq MaJrbrx tsol4oroKoB.
    Pacxoq BoAur
    zco 0,25 ( oo,2* Zoo,a* ,o,e). , (1 2 - 3 )
    (r2-12)
    flpu -usrtlepeur.rHcxopocrcft e 2 roq.xax
    rr.e V -o6reu cocyAa (seApo, 6ocxa u r. n.) B ils;
    a"p 0,5 ( ao,z* ro,r) . (r2_-4) I - epevtn Ha,noJrHeHHrr
    cocy4a B ceKyHnax.

    lfpu uauep.eH,HucKopocru a I rorrKe 4. Cnoco6crueruesus


    Cnoco6 cMerueHuff npuMeHsercs AJrfl oflpeAeJreHnfl pac-
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    flpn r.rsrrrepeHnn
    cxopocrefi noA neAqHbrMnoKponoM e 6
    ToqKax no BeprHKaJrH,npnqeu r.ny6nua BepTHKaJTH (r2-13)
    paBHa
    paccrosHuro or Huxueri noBepxuocru lb1a
    Ao AHa,
    fAe ft6- KoHrleHTpauuqcoJrHB ecTeCTBeHHOM nOTOKeS efilti
    o c p : 0 , l ( u n o " * 2 a o , z * 2 p o , q * 2 g t o , a * 2 a g , * * o a o r ) .( 1 2 - 6 ) ftr - KOHIIeHTpaIIUsCO'JII4,LICKyCCTBeHHO
    ,BBOAH*r,ot?B
    noroK, a elus;
    llpu H3MepeHHHcropocrefi .B 2 r,o.rxax frz - KO,HIIeHTpaqlIfiCOJ'IHB nOTOKenOC/Ie CMeIIIeHI{fi
    ucp 0,5 ( Po,z* uo,s). n efus;
    (r2-7) q - pacxo( pacrBopa conu c KoHr{eHrpaurefi kr B
    sslcerc.
    Pacxo;t BbrrlHcltfiercsrro $,opnry;re:
    B KaqecrBe coJrr.r..
    o6uqno npuMeHrercq NaCl, Onpe,u,e-
    a : +o u r o o *" +z o r * . . . + JIeHr.rexoHqeurparlufi Mo>xer BbrnorHffTbcq gJreKTpoMerpu_
    rrecKHM HJLHXHMr.rqecKHM CnOCO6aun (rurponaHrzerra).
    a n-l* a, :'-'"-2-
    .+-- . n', _ i * - l a n 6 n'', 'n, 12-4. KPI,tBAflPACXOAOB
    [ ,., z . U
    :(12-g)
    $ . -n__
    f-{,€ U1, id2,..., On-Cpe.lHI{e CKOpOCTII Ha BepTHKaJIflx;
    ;'r:ifi Ha ocHoBarrnu
    H3MepenHbrx
    paax,o-4oB
    er, ez,...,er 14
    o0, 01,..., &)n -lllnO[la,npl X(HB,O|O coorBercrByrouflx rlM ypoBHefi Hy Hz. ..., H t crp,osT KpH_
    CerIeHHg MeX(Ay C,KO- Byro pacxoloB:
    pocTHblivlH BepTrlKanfl MH.
    llpelno,irr'reJrbHee npuMeHqrb rpaQouexasnqe,crnri Q:f(H).
    Me-
    TOA C Ii3MCPCHJ4'CMN.NOqAAEII NOCPEACTBOM
    fiJIATI}IM€TP?.
    1. CnyuafiHeycrofiqnnoro
    HJrHsapocuero
    Z. flonnanroBbrfi cfloco6 pycJra
    ,flouraBKaM,H I4BMepsrorcff rrloBepxHoicTxrbr,e
    cKopocrlr B B cJrJqafix_ uey,crofivuroro pycJla HJrH 3apacraflJ.rff ero
    pa3rHr{Hblx TorIKax ,crBo_pa: a(, o2rr, cBff3b Q u H ,Mo>Kernapyuruircr. B er"ux crryuafix npu-
    3areM uor.IH,c,rrror
    pacxoA>> no-$opr*ry.ne
    (r',i_8; . ,ur"- MeHsrorcq coorBercrByroulue rrlorfi,paBKH,crpoflTcfl ,u30JIH-
    :P.,y:::yll,
    H,OUCp€rlHHX cropocreii9oHa BepTlrKanflx noBepxHocrHbrMH HHH pacxoAoB, ceMeficrso npuBbrx H np. t4]
    cKopocrfiMu (;ryvuie npfiMeHrrrl rpa$ouexauuqeoxufi ,ctlo_
    co6).
    Pa,cxoA BoAbr e nuvzc.nfiercfl ,uo
    eopuy.ne:
    2. BepxHnn qacrb KpHBofi
    q : fteo. (12_e)
    Koe$Q,Hqr.reur
    fr Bbrsacrrfiercrr,roQoprr,ry.ne
    f' B. xe-
    TqSHqKOBA:

    o
    h:t_b,B (12-10)
    rtVG,
    fre Q - n.noqaAb xc4Bono ceqeH,r{ff;
    hcp cPeAHqs rny6uua
    a 3. Kpnnan pacxoAoB3HMHenoBpeMeHH
    xr.rBoro ceqeHurr; rhr c p
    B

    . (.8 - runpuua perra);


    , _ yr(JroH.
    B npr6.nuxeuubrxnoAcqerax [pu,HrrMarorfr:O,g_0,g,s
    HnH onpe,qeJrrrroT
    pa,cxol no $opuy;re:
    Q: l,5QS-0,bomaxe, ( 1 2 _ t1 )
    rAe ttax - Haa6o.nblllas fl,oBepxHocrrHafi cnopocTb B Ce- ,
    p'-
    Q."t
    qEHHH. -
    (12-t4l
    Qnu,
    PASTIEJI BTOPOE. HCCNETI,OBAHHfl. HSbICKAH Hfl, TH,q,POJIOTHT]ECKHE PAC'IETbI
    374
    .4aq no,rcqeroBBHMHHxpacxoroB l,rHorla [oJre3HorroJrb- r.re u-cx(opocrb B TorI,Ken nlcerc;
    3oBarbcrrBon,oMor,alsrruofirpunofi k:[ (o), Bbrpax.ap- p-MyrHocrb B ToqKe Y elu3.
    ulefi H3MeHeHIre flepexoAuoro xoeQQuquenra oT treneHn cpearrnn HaH.ocHocTbHa BepTuKanH oinpe.[eJrf,eTcfl fro
    norpyxeHnr .nu.qa[8]. Qopuyle:
    3saqosne rosQQurlnenta k 4-ns pasnt,tqubrxpeK v pe-
    xItMoB 3r.r.Mpa3rnrrno n role6rercfl oT I ao 0; o6u'rlro (.p:0, l(Kno"+3K0,2+3/(0,6f2K6,s*Koo"), (12-19)
    ft-0,3 +0,4.
    f.u,€ Knos, K0,2,.- - HaEocBo€Tb B TotIKax l,I3MepeHl|fl
    MyTHOCTHH CKOpOCTT4 Ha fiO'BepruI@TlI,
    r2 -5 . CP E A HE CyT Oq H H E U C P EA H E M EC qTTH bIE ua 0,! r.ny6nuu BeprHKaJIr{I{ T. .8.
    PACXOAbT.CTOK
    Crox B3Be{rreHHbrxHaH,ocoB (sa ro,u un}r J1pyrofi nepn,oa)
    o6u,rflo Bbrpaxaercs B ToHHax (ruc. ronn). Hepe.uxo on-
    l. Cpe4necyrorrnbre H cpe.u,HeMecsrrHbre pacxo4bl pe4errrror mep'.uuft croK B o6teuuux eALIHHuax- B Ky-
    6uqecxnx Merpax (nanpn.uep, upu pacqere 3aHJIeHI{flBo-
    fl,o.nlsyacb AaHHbrMnra6rnqbr cpeAHgcyr\orrHbrx
    ypoou'eft 4'oxpann.nurq).
    H KpHBbrMr.r pacxoAoB,orrpeleJrrrroT
    coorBercTByroulfi
    e cpel- O6renasufi Bec HaHocoB (in) Mox(er 6utu BbItI'lIcJIeH
    HecyroqHbr'e pacxoAbrQc. CpeaneaeKarHbre,HnH cpeAHeMe- no Qopuyre:
    crrrtubrepacxoAbrQrvruoAcrrllTbrBarorcfl
    lro Qc:
    Tn:-[y(l-n), (t2-20)
    Q*:T, (12-15)
    rile Ty - 14l,e.nruufi Bec HaHocoB; ty :2,5-2,7;
    n- mOpHCTOCTb; n :0,3-0,8.
    r,(e fa- ril4cflo ,qtrefi B M€crqe HJIlr B AeKaAe.
    CpeAuerorosste pacxoAbr Q, norcsuTbrtsarorcs auaJro- n.rrs or6opa lrpor6 Boabl H onpe.u,eJleHuflMyrHocrla npI'I-
    rHqHbrM o6pasou HJrH KaK cpe.u,HueI{3 reKa.[Hbrx u Mecsq- MeHfirorcfl 6arouetpn pa3nllqHbtx cucreM: MrHoBeHHoro
    HbIX pacxoAoB. lr llJrHTeJrbHoroHanonHeHllg.
    llpo6rr 6epyrcr B Tex xe yKa3aHIIbIx BbIIle r'oqKax, E
    2. Crot< Kc',Fopbrxa3Mepflrorcrl cKopocru TeqeHHq, co,rJlacuo Qopuy-
    CTor Bo.[orloKa 3a Mecflrl H ga roA noAcrlr.ITblBS,orcrr .ue (12-19).
    flo
    cpe4HsMecrqHbrM M cpqAHeroAoBbrM pacxoAaM: S.neuenrapnrrfi pacxoA B3BerxeHHbrxHaHocoB .ss onpe-
    IeJrrercs no Sopruy.ne:
    W*: Q* T* u Wr: QrTr, (12-16)
    ra,e I. Lr T*- qr{cJroceKyHA:B roAy (I.:31,6 MnE. cer.)
    su : hKqp, (r2-2r)
    ,HJrHB Mecqlle (T u-2,59 MJrH.ceK. ffrq 30
    AH€fi rn 2,68 MJrH.ceK. a.nq 31 AHs). rle h- r"rry6utta Ha BepraKanu.
    foAosofi croK 'M,ox(er 6url raKxe onpeAeJreu KaK cyM- PacxoA B3BerrIeHHbrx EaHocos S (rcelcerc) qepe3 )KHBoe
    naa .o6reuon MecflqHbrx croKoB nJttr nJIarIHMerpHpoBaHI{eM ceqeuue'stiqficrsercfl rro Sopuyne." aHaJrorr{quofi$opuyne
    rpa$rara pacxoAoB Ba Aanrrbrfi ro,u, Q:I(l). (12-8) lrrrfl paaxo/(a Bo.ubr:
    AnaaoruqHrru o6pa3oM Moryr 6urr onpeAe.rrenhrcegoH-
    HbIe pacxoAbl H CTOK3a BeCeHHHe, JIerHIIe, OCeHHI{e,3HM- t 2 Kt*Kz
    Hr{e nepH,o.rlbrr.oAa. Sn: 0,001(T Ot oo* (r)r-F...-1-
    2
    12-6. PACXOAbT HAHOCOB *,o " - t ! K2" oz-r* (r2-22)
    Hauocur noApasAsrrflrorcfi Ha: l) B3BerrreHubre;2) AoH-
    qge (e.n,exoune); 3) ronyB3BerxerrHbre (npnaounue);
    1) pacrBopeuHue. OnpeAe.nesueMyrnocru rrpor.r3Bo"4lrrcrr
    ttponyoKoM npo6
    BoAbrqepeg Su.nrrpu, Bbrcyur.rBarrueMu BgoerrrlrnarrrreM
    ocallKa.
    l. OnpeAefleHnepacxoAa BsBerrreHHbrx
    HAHOCOB
    pacxoAa AoHHbrxrraHocoB
    2. OnpeAeJreHHe
    PacxoA B3BerIreHHbrxHaHocoB- KoruqecrBo HaHocoB,
    IlpoxoA.'Iulee qepe3 AarrH,o€ xr{Boe ceqeHue B eAlrHgqy Bpe-
    MeHr{ (rcelcerc). ,{,.n4 asnrepeHuff pacxoAa AoHHbrx HaHocoB rrpuMeHsrorcfl
    Myruocru p -:B€c ,B3Berx€HHHx HaII@oB ts eAnrrurre ronHbre 6arolrerpu (llolarona, Anoarosa, ffI4 - 6aro-
    o6re,ua Bo"qbr (elus): uenp <.{op u Ap.).
    PacxoA .qoHHbrxHa,Hoc'oBs efcercua I noe. ,r il.llpurrbr
    . cnp.l06 )r(r.IBoroceqeHHqonpe,(ensercfl rro Sopuy.ne:
    n_
    r_ , (r2--r7)
    Vnp
    rae G-np- B€€ HaHocoB u npo6e n e,.
    /np
    (12-23\
    o6seu ,npo6u s crt3.
    Hanocnocrr r( - Kon*qecrBoBgBeure'rbrxHarlocoB,,,po-
    xoAffuce qepea | .u2 nnov\a,[R xnaono c€rrggrls B ear{Huq,y r.qe Go - Bec HaHocoB n 6arouerpe B e,.
    B,peMeHu (elcercn2): f- upololxllTeJrbEocrb EarIoJrHeH;HflSatouerpa e
    ceKyH4ax;
    K: pa, (12-18 &- unpu,na BXqA[oro ma€pcrnff 6arouetpa n crr.
    r.TTABA EB E HAEITATAfl . T H EPOJI Of H q ECKH E I H,A,POMETPH VECKH E) PAEOTbI
    375
    Onpe,u,e.nuaBeJIHqHHbt sA B paSHbIx To-qKax, BbIqHcJlg- e - " Q (12-26)
    PACXO,II.AAoHHbIxuaxocon So &elcerc) no
    IOT BCJIHTII,IHY "P-16s'
    Qopuy.ne:
    rAe _a- MnHepanusarlurrBo,[brt elnt;
    r^:+ B,* S,nr * Src
    n
    B z - r" ' +
    Q - pacxoA BoAbrB .rreHbB3flrrdflnpo6u n u3lcerc.

    r2-7. OC H OB H bIE OTrrtrnne A oK yM EHTbT


    sa(n-2)t",t" Bn-r* u*
    * I o2_24)
    O cuoeHHrvrn orqeT.HbrM 14AoKyMeHTaMfl rl{ApoMerp HrrecKnx
    pa6or flBJrsrorcs:
    l) rexnu-uecKlle cnHcKH ruApoMerpr4qecKuxnyHKToB;
    !'lle sal . saz- pacxoAbr Ha I noe. il; -sanucn
    2) floJreBbre KHr.r)r(Kr.r sa6lroaeslrfi Ha Bo.{o-
    Bt, Bz- paCCTo frHLrflMe)I{Ay ToTIKaMI{r'rSnllepeunfi N{epHbrxnocTax;
    6arouetpou. 3) ra6nnuu e)KeAHeBHbrx cpeAgecyroqubrx ypoBHefr
    II p u r'l e q a H u e. flpr.r H3MepeBHH pacxo;I,oB JtoHHblx H-aHocoB rop' (o6pa6o,rxa .qoKyMeHToB, yKa3aHubrxe n. 2);
    Hbr): peK Heobxoltuo onperensrb urnputty" Ha Ko'to-
    "aeftcrnyrouyto
    pofr upoucxoluT Bneqenne HaHocoB, a TaKxe Haqaanntlfr (xpurHue-
    4) xypnaJrbr rr3MepeuufipacxoAoB BoAbr H rraHoooB;
    cxnil) pacxo.q,, lrpH KoropoM HaqHHaercfl JtBux<euue trol'IHblx HaHocoB. 5) ra6.nuqn H3MepeuHbrxpacxoroB Bo4br n Hatrocoe
    (o6pa6orxa lloriyMeuroB, yra3aHHbrx B n. a);
    6) ra6.nuqrr ex(e.u,HeBHbrxcpeAn€cyrorrnbr.x pacxoAoB
    3. Onpe4e;reHue pacxoAa pacrBopeHHbrx HaHocoB (o6pa6orxa xoKyMeHroB,yKasaHHbrxu nn. 3, 5 u 7);
    7\ KpgBbre cBrr3r.r Q:f @) crporrrcff rro AaHHbrM Ao-
    paaxor r.ryMeHTcB, yKa3aHubrx B n. 3 n 4;
    Sror ornpe.qenffercfl Ha ocHoBaHHR pe3yJlbraroB
    xrlMLIq€,CKI{X aHaJILI3OB BOAbI, npOr.I3B€AeHHbrx s nOreeOfi
    8) rpaSnrn pacxo4oB B,o4br (ruaporpa$u);
    HJILI crauuouapuori
    9) ta6nuun roxl[I{H JreAflHoro [,oKpoBa (no na,HHbrM
    na6oparopur.r. 3a ent{Ht4rly [p]IHI{Maer-
    cfl Boc <<cyxoro)> ocraTKa conefi B eilHllHue o5'beMa, TaK roKyMeHToB,,vKa3aHHbrxn n. 2) ;
    na3brBaeMarr MHHepaJrusarrns (na,cuueuuocrr) :
    l0) ra6.rrnqbl ex(ecyroqubrx pa,cxo4oB HaHocoB (no nau-
    HbrM Aor(yMeHToB,yxa3aHHbrxn n. 4);
    ll) ru4porpa$br B3BerueHubrx HaHocoB;
    G ^.106 12) rurpo'rpa$br noHHbIx HaH,ocoB;
    a: ---:--:- Z jhtr, (r2-25) l3) rlrlporpa0bl pacrBopeHgblx HaIIocoB;
    V
    14) KpHBbrecBffsr.rpacxoAoB rraHocoB r,r pacxo4oB BoAbr
    (no 4auHuM noK-vMeHToB, yKa3afiHbrx B rrrn. 3 u 7);
    rle Gc- Bec cyxoro ocrarr(a B e; l5) aiIaJru3br fpaHyJroMerpHr{ecKo,rovr n,erporpaQuqe-
    V - o6reM sasroli upo6sr Bonu s ctts. cKor,o c'ocTaBa HaHocoB:
    16) aHaJrH3LrxnMfiqecKoro cocraBa. Bo,{br;
    Onpeae.iruB BeJHr{HHy a B pflAe npo6 H3 Tor{eK no no- 17) KpH,BbrecBq3r.rpacx,oAa BoAbr H xfitvr.r4qe,cKoro cocra-
    [epeqHoMyceqeHuro(ue ueHee 3-5 no ul,tpzue pexu), Ba (qo iiTfiuM .{oKyMeHroB,yKa3aHHbrxB nn. 5 n 16);
    HaxoAqTcpeAHroroB3BerrreHrryio H3 HHXrr pacxoA pacTBo- 18) ta6rNubr llsMepeuxli reuneparypbr Bo.qbrH Bo3Ayxa
    peHHbrxBerqecrBs rcefcercn,o Qopuy.ue: (no gauHnM ,qoKyMeHToB, yKa3aHubrx s n. 2)

    JI14TEPATYPA
    l. ApucroecrHfi 8 . B . , f u a p o u e r p H q e c K uceo o p y x e H r . rHf l 9. n y q rrl e B a A. A., flpaxrnvecxaR rn.rr,poMeTpnrr, Funpor,rereo-
    KoHcrpyr(qlru, fnlpouereolrsaar, 1949. ua.u.ar, 1951.
    2. E.trr.r3HrxE.B. n HuKorrbcrufi B . M . , f n a p o . n o r ul la 10. Hacrae{eH}re rt,rilpoMereopoJlorHqecrHM craHquflM H nocraM,
    Bo.ilHbreHccJIe,rLoBaHuR, Pevng,u,at,1946. aurn. 1, OcHoeHuie nonoxeHr,rrr o rH,[poMereoponornqecKux craHrlr.rflx r,r
    g
    3. E .tl H H f, x E. B., Bo.u,sue nccJre.u,oBaHr.rs, Peuuslar, 1952. nocrax fu.aporuereoclyxt6ur CCCP, ourn. 6, q. 1. Ha6.tro.:IeHHflHa 6oll-
    4. Euroe B . . 4 . , f n n p o v e r p n n , I n l p o u e r e o n s . u , a r1, 9 5 0 . ruHx peKax, sun. 6, v. 2, Ha6.rro.u,eHHrrHa MaJrbrx peKax, fuapouereo-
    5. E o q K o B H. M., ln,nponaerpnt{ecKafl Bepryura, Foccrpoftus- nsaar, 1952.
    aar, 1934. 11. fI o n c K o s E. B., fn.upo.rronuvecrnft r{ pacqerbr, faapo-
    ats-aJrvrz
    6. )l(eJIeBHsKoB F. B. fn.u,paarnvecxo6 e o c r o B a H nM e eroaoB Mereou3.[ar, 1946.
    peuuofi runpoMerpHn, H3Jt.Axa.u,euul.r nayr CCCP, 1950. 12. fI o I s x o s E. 8., I4ccneaoBaHxe croKa B3BeluenHblx r.r JtorrHbrx
    7. )l( e Jr e 3 H s K o B f. 8., Hccle.tonanue pa6oru rn.upor{erpu- HaHocoB, nel. ffH, 1935.
    qecKHxnpn6opon, usr. AraaeMun HayK CCCP, 1952. 13. C o Jr o M e H u, 9 B H. A. fu.u.pouerpnr, I.uapouereouslar, 1951.
    8. Konaaee J I . M . , P a c t { e t s r 3 t { M H e r oc r o K a c n e l l g H b r r rnr o - 14. III a M o B f. H., CroK BsBerrfgqlrbrxHaHocoB pex CCCp, Tpy.ar,r
    KpoBoM, focaHeprousaar, 1950. ff 14 N 20 (74), fx.u,pouereonsaat, 1949.
    TJIABA TPHHAN,UATAfl

    PACtIETbl
    THAPOJIO|H[IECKI,IE

    r3-1. OEITIHEvKA3AHHfl 2 z
    1
    . 6 -_ = _ HopMa Hcnapennfl; (13-5)
    n
    f napolorldq'ecKlle pacqerbl I'IMelor IIeJbio IIoJIyqeHHe
    .u,aHHbIx .[JIs xapaKTepHcTIr,KH rHApOnOfHqeCXOfO peXHI\ia n - l{v'cil'o qJI,eHoB pqIa.
    BoAHoro o6rexra (pexH, oeepa) B eBl3I{ c ero BoAoxo- fl p rr v e q a H H e. Hopva paccruarpaBaercn,KaK cperreapuQve-
    sqficreeHHltl4 HcrIoJIFr3oBaH.HeM. THqecliaqBeJrilrniHa 3a coorBercrnyrcuruftMHororerHHftnepuo.u..
    B cocraB rn.,r,poJroruqecxofi 3aIIHcKH o6sI,IHo BXoJ,qr Vpannenne Bo,ufloro6arauca o3epa
    erreAylourue pasAerrbr: l) BBeA€HI{e; 2) oporll.rporpaQlu; n BoAoxpaHrrnnu{a
    3) KJIHMar; 4) ru,ttpoJlonurlecKaq H3yIreHHocrb; 5) o6ulaq
    xaparrepu,craKa p,ex{Hua peKI4; 6) croK 3a nepl4o.t Qar- (x + ft -F Qnp* fnp) - (z* Q.r* /.r* U ) : t
    ---J ---J
    Tl{qecKr{x ua6.nrcaeuufi; 7) fiapaMerpbt roroBoro croKa; npuxo,[' pacxo.4
    r u N n n M a J I b H b I e croKa; 9) 11a:I(cHM?;-Ib-
    8) BHyrpIiFoAoBoe -pacnpeAeileHHe
    Hbre pacxo4u; l0) pacxo4bl; 1l) slll\tHl'Ifi t L V (13-6)
    pex(LIM; 12) HaH,ocbI I,I TBepAbtfi crox; 13) xullliqecKufi co' HiIKOIL'I€HH€- ,

    craB Borbl; l4) onficoK Hcno"IIb3oBaHHbIx ]{arep'HailoB H y6sr.rrs


    JrHTepaTypb{. rAe r - ocaAKH Ha 3epKaJro o3epa B Ji414.;
    Ocrron,suMu H,cx,cAHbIMI,I Marep.HaJIar{H Afifi np,oll3Bo.lcr- ft - xonreHcarlu'q Ha 3epKaJroo3epa B ttJyt;
    Ba rHAp'oJroruqecKHx pa,cq'eroB fl,BJlfliorcfl :
    Qnp - noBepxHoclHtrfi npHToK B o3epo c ero Bo.[o-
    l) coe4eir,Hq 0,6 y'poBHe BoAbI c lSBl r. IIo 1935 r.; ,c6opHorc 6accefiua B rr.M,;
    2) ao,gnufi ra,4acrp; MarepI'IaJIbI IIo pe)I(Hrly per CCCP
    lnp- rioA3eMHbtfinpurox B o3epo E .ituyt;
    c 1 8 8 1n o 1 9 3 5r . ; z -'l4c[lapeHHe c 3epKaJla mepa ts .lttlvl;
    3) rHAporIorHrIecKI,Ie €xt€ro[HHKHfyfMc c 1936 r.;
    Q .t- rloBepxHocrsufi cToK I{3 o3epa B .MJ,t;
    4) BeAoMcrBeHHbre ,orrrerbl tlo 3IncneAlII{i'ioHHbI]I pa-
    f .t- noAselaHltt? croK LI3 o3epa B wtJvti
    6orau. U- norpe6regne Eorbl npor,rbrrrrJr,eHHblMrn Lt ce,'rb-
    cxoxossftcrBeHHblMr4npeArlpl,IflTvflMLr,a raK-
    r3-2. BOAHbIH EAJIAHC x<e c6pocbr Bolbr q,epe3 ruAporexuuqecKr{e co-
    .opy)KeHHs B i/t_tL;
    AV- H3MeHeHHeo6teua Borlr B o3epe B ,tN.
    VpannexueBoAHoro6a.tanca n 6accefinepeKH:

    ,IIJI'I OT.ICJIbHOFO NOAA


    I3_3. OCAAKHVI I{CNAPEHHE
    (x+ h)-(y+, +f): * A'o; (13-1)
    1. OcaAxn
    Ang MHO|OJI0T,HTOIO
    nepl{O,lla
    Pacnpe.qe.neHr4,eocaA,KoB {ro Te,ppuTop,HuCCCP rlso6pa-
    X o : . } o* Zo, ( r3-2) x(aercfi lla Kaprax B BH,qeHaoruer (Qur. l3-l), xoropnr'e
    Mor]'T 6mm ucrorirb3oBaHbrJrHrrIb B [peABap,HTe.rlbHbrxpac-
    qeTax.
    r,qe x - ocarKu sa roAoeofi [epuoA;
    Ar-rq Onpe-leJIeHHs cpelHeto I,IHo'roJIeTHefoKOJIHrl,eicTtsa
    ft - xosAeHcarluff 3a roAo,tsofinepzot; oca-IKoB (nopuu) B naHHoM 6accefise HaHocqrrcqnpaHi.I-
    A - croK sa roAonoft nePHoA; B Jrltrt qrt 6accefiua ua Kapre H3onuer H BbrqucJlqrorcqnJroIqaAH,
    z - nclrapeHue 3a no'Aosoft neprroA; CJIOfl orfPflHHtI€HHbIe,cMexHblMLIH3orlleTaMLI (Fr_r; FZ_S) ; sa-
    f - $u"rrnrpaur{ff 3a FonoBofi uepuo4; T€M, lMHoxafi Kalr(-{yn H3 [JrorqaAeft ua rroJry,cyMMysHa-
    A'w -vs6urox Hi'rH ilorJl,ottleHrle BJafi{:
    qeHrrfi H3orrierbr , norryqarcr o6rev ocaJKoB r,ra
    f+l
    Xx
    --
    L Z ' J
    Jrs: HOpna OCaAKOB; (13-3) nJroulaAlt Mex(Ay ,r.r3ofaeraMu I u 2 no Qorpuy.ne:
    n
    2y wt-z- Ft-2(1+2)
    ' - \ (13-7)
    - H o P M ac r o K a ; ( l3-4) 2 I
    Yo-;
    BrCe SHa'IeHHfl BbIpax(aloTcfi B MeTpaX.
    TJIABA TPHHA,4IIATAfl. r H N,POJIOTilq ECKHE PACTTET\I
    377

    32 / Ee go qtt 4s 52 .t6
    M o P,E
    * o'oti,o.t
    (rj "1"10,)oJ,'T

    2e E2

    @uz, r3-1. Kapma. cpedueuuo?oJr.emHeeozodoao?o Kortut4ecn'tla.ocadrcoe B .Lr.Msa 1891-1930 zz.


    37tl

    20 24 36

    FE# i ' i ol , ur Lo

    @uz. I3-2' Kapma cpedneuao?o.nemuezo


    zodoao?oe!.tt.L{apuo?oucnapeHuflI c.u (cocmaaua.B. K. ,naaodoal
    TJIABA TPHHAIIIIATAfl. r H TPOJI OTH q EC KH E PACII EThI
    379

    Cpeartnr B3BeureHHaH
    HopMaoca.[KoB B npeo6pa3oBanHoM BuAe (n cnyqae ec"rruHct<inroqeHa,
    Bo3Mo)I(Hocrb
    uMerb AaHHhreo reMneparypeaoAar) eop_
    tWi,
    f,(r: _, R au, Myna E. A. 3afixosa uMeer cneAyroqnfisua:
    E : 0 ,2 nCD\r{f(l + o,8bar,so), (13-r2)
    rne LWi -cyMMa o6teMos ocaIKoB Mex(.a,v 'H3Orue- rAe C -nap_aM€rp, saBncrulHfi or cpeAnsx cooruorue-
    TAMII;
    F- n.n,outa4u6accefiua; uufi Mex<,4y reM,fleparypofi so,uul B npynax H
    ft - quc.nenuurri MHoxHTeJrb B gaBHcHMocrH or rBO3AlXsrr H3Mer{flrou1nfrcnE .rrpeAeJraxI,4_2,2
    pa3MepHocrH BeJTHqHH F, V{i Tt x. _ AnrI oTAelbHbrx pafiouoet;
    Dzoo-- Ae0uutr BJra)KHocrrrtsogAyxa B ilht Ha tsbrcor€
    200 cil Hatr, uoBepxuocrbro 3eMJrr.
    Ec.rru ua6lrcAegHfl, HaA oca.[KaMH HMeroT pa3rgrrHyro
    npoAon)KuTgrlbHocTb,to ueo6xo4trMo npuBecrll I{x K ,oAHo- florepa ua HcrrapeHHe c eoAH,oii rroB€pxH;ocru flp,oeKTrr-
    My (alunxovry) ilepnoAy sa6rnleuufi. py€M,ofo BoAoxpaHHJrHu{a onpeAeJrflloTcf KaK pa3HOCTbHC_
    flpu 'ua.nuuuu MHoroJrerHero pflr.a ua6.nolesnfi HaA napeHHfl c soAHofi rroBep_xHocrr.r
    Ir EcrrapeHr{fic cyrur,r nJro-.
    ocaAKaMH olt Mo)Ksr ,6srrt noABep,fHyTo6pa6orne cTaril- IIIAAI{ qA[IH, SAJIHBACMOfi NPU O6PASOEAUHI,I BOAOXPAHI,IJIH-
    cTHqeoKlIMMeToAoM, Ha OCIIOBaH,HI{ KOTOp,OTOycTarraBJrI{- u{4.
    BaroT xapaKTepHhr,e uapaMerpbr - Ho.pMy, roeQ(ruqueHr _ n) Ooprvry.iraC- H. Kpuqroro, M_ O. Meuxe.ns H K. Vl.
    Bapuatlnu,xos$SnuuenT acr{MMerprra. PoccltHcrono_ [15], [16] a.ns orrpeAeneHr,rfiJ{clapeHr.rfl c no-
    BepxHocru 6o.nrurux BoAoxpauanuq (naoulairro or rre-
    cKoJIbKHX KBaAparubrx KHJr,.oMerpoB I{ 6,olee) :
    2. Hcnapeuue
    E : e (eo- n*ol (13-1Bi
    Pasflr,r,ram: H,cflapeHue cyMMapHoe- z,0, HcnapeHue c {M,
    nqBepxnocrl{ cyruu Ha B.oAoc6ope-zn, Hcrrap€Jr4ec BqA- r,ile E - caofi u,cnap,euurr3a Mecr[ (30 auefi) B ,trr;
    uofi noeepxHocrn- zB- eo-CP€.4Hqfi sa Mecffrl ynpyrosTb BoAsHbrx rrapots,
    Cyurr,rapn_oecpe.qHeMHororrerHeeucnapeHHe rrpr,rBoAr.rrcfl Hacbrnlanullrx Bo3.4yx npH TeM,neparype rlo_
    Ha Kapre (Qzr. 13-2) H onpeAeJrffercsno $oprayne BoA- BepxgocTll Bolbr, B 14.til,pT. cT.;
    Horo 6ananca: €zoo- cpeAHeMecsrl'Haq a6coarcrgag ,BJraxHocTb Bo3_
    Ayxa B Jvt.iltpT. cT. Ha Bhrcor€ 200 cn HaI ro_
    Zo: Xo-!0, (13-e) BepxHocTbroSeMJrH;
    r.ll€ X6 - HopMa OCaAKOB, OnpeJ,enfleMarr nO KapTe H3O- _ I0sw-cr{,opocrb Berpa B i4lceg Ha tsbr,core900 c,u.
    ruer (cru. Qur. l3-l ); B.enuqusrr €mo u u)soo onpeAe.nxrcTcff [Io AaHHbrM 6nu-
    uo- HopMa croKa (n c.rroe cToKa), orpe.qeJrseMasno xafiuefi MereopoJlorn,recxofi craHrrlrn.
    ,Kapre usoluutt fi cpeAHeFo MHoroJleruer,o croKa r) BnyrpilnoaoBoe pacrp,eAeneHr4er{cnapeHzff (n .[Grrrx
    (crrr. Qm. l3-4 u l3-5). or roAosofi rclMMbr) Molr(,er 6urs npHHflTo u,opaftoutr,o,
    H'cnapeuu'e,c eoilH o fi rloB'e p xH o,crE o 6Hq g,o oII De.4,eJr coruracqo AeJreHHroHa Kapre (Qu,r. l3-3), B coorBercrBHu-
    qeTc.fl
    no Qopuy"'rarvrAasblAosa, 3aftKona, Kpnqxo,ro^-M"nxen" c ra,6;r. l3-l [13J.
    il ll, n3l, [15]. Ta6ttuqa I3-l
    a) (Doprvryaa B. K. AasbrAoea:
    Pacnpe4eJrenne r{cnapeHr{n no pafionaM
    e:o,s5d'8(l +o,l25a), (r3-10) (e go;rnx or roAoBofi cyrurrtr)

    r[e e.- cpeAHeCyTorrHoeH,C[apeHLteB Jvtlvt; Ie Mecqqbt


    d - cpeAuecyro,uunfi 4e$nqut BJra)Kuocrrr B lrtit: paho-
    ar -cpeAHecyroqHaff cKopocrb Berpa B ,llceK. HOB HA
    III IV
    Kapre VII V I I I
    flpn ,n.routa,qu 3epxana 6o.nee I ee B
    Sopuy.rry BBo-
    rHrcfl -xoeQQuuueur 0,9.
    I 0,28 0,34
    6) @op,r'ryqa E 3afiroea [lB] a.ns ManbrxBoAoxp,a- II 0 , 1 60 , 2 6 0,
    _
    Hnrrrrrrl(.uo F:166^A.ro;. III o , 1 20 , 2 2 0, 0,06
    IV 0 , l g 0 , 2 4 0, 0,07
    E : 0 ,2 n (es- ezoo)
    (l + O,85 arosluu, (l3_l l)
    v o . 2 l o , 2 2 0, 0,09
    VI 0 , l 0 0 , 1 0 , 2 0 0, 0,06
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    4\ [Iocrpoenue rpnnofi o6ecneqennocrn. .[,rq nocrpoeHul 0,15 r4


    xpneofi o6'ec,ne,reHH,ocruBbItIH,cJIfltor opAHHarbl xp'unoft,
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    0,0 3,72 3,43 3,29 3,09 2,75 2,58 2,33 I ,88 1,64 ,28 0,94 0,67
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    4.38 3,93 3,79 3,52 g,0z 2,86 2,54 2, 0 0 1,72 .31
    ',32 0,92 0,64
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    5,05 4,54 4',29 3,96 3 , 4 0 3 ,l 3 2,75 2,12 1,90 ,33 0,90
    5,28 4,72 4,46 4,10 3,50 3,22 2,92 2,15 l,B2 ,33 0,79
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    0,9 5,73 5 ,l 0 4,80 4,38 3,72 -3,40 2,96 9 9 ' I ,86 ,34 0,77 0,40
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    0,27 0, 0 , 63 0 . 8 5 I ,84 2,25 2,49 2,64 2,95
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    0, 0 7 1 0,95 1,66 l,96 2,ll 2,21 2,40
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    0, 0.72 0,95 1,57 I,Bl 1,93 2, 0 0 2,14
    0 0,73 0,95 1,52 1,74 l,g4 1,90 , (t)
    0' 0,73 0,95 l,4l 1,66 I,75 I ,80 1, 9 0
    lr0 0' 4,73 0,85 ,42 l .59 1,66 ,71 ,79
    lrl 0: 0,74 0,95 ,3J l',52 I ,53 ,62 ,69
    r12 0,42 0 0,74 0,E4 ,33 1,45 1,50 ,53 ,59
    1,3 0:43 0: 0,71 0,94 ,2J 1,3S 1,42 ,45 ,48
    1,4 0,44 0, 0,73 0,83 ,23 1,32 1,35 ,37 ,39
    1,5 0,45 0, 0,73 0,82 ,19 1,23 1,28 ,30 ,31
    l16 0,46 0, 0 , 7 3 0, 8 l 1,20 1,22 1,23 ,24
    l17 6,47 0, 0 , 7 2 0 ,3 l | ,14 I ,15 I ,16 ,17
    1,8
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    16 0 , 0 2 1 0,026 0,034 0,045 0,059 0,069 0,095 0,1i9 0 ,1 3 5 0 ,1 4 1 0 , 1 5 0 0 , 1 5 7
    r8 0 , 0 1 E 0,023 0,030 0,040 0,051 0,052 0,085 0,106 0,120 0 ,1 2 5 0 , 1 3 3 0 , 1 3 9
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    !,nn MaJIbIx 6esosepuux peK MoxHo np,uMeHflrbSop- PacxoElr, Bbrrru,cJr'eHHbre no $o.prr1';re ( 13-49), HMeror
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    BBc-
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    Ta1ttuqa 13-10
    (o6oenaueHr{f cM. nnrue).
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    xoe$Snquenrbr
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    Cerepo-3a-
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    @uz. 13-13. Kapma usortunurt rturHero?orcoafifiut4uetmaS e unluun (10% o1ecneqeHaocrnu)


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    rHApoJIoruqecrufi oqepK, cocrasaqe[{Hfi rr,o,Marepr.raJra]\4 3rr.r npHJro)KeHHflcocrosr r4s a) Kaprbr 6accefisa c
    HenocpeAcrB,eHHbIX s a6.nrcAegsli c ncnotbgoB aHlreM -[aHHbrx HaHeceHr{eMrpaHHrl orAeJrbHbrx eo4oc6opon, MereopoJro-
    Bcex lrpexrHux npopa6oror. rHqecKofi fi rrdApono_fHrrecKoficeTH, ocHoBrrbrx coopy)Ke-
    Htlit (uearuu[, fAC, nJroTHH, BoAo3a6opoB, c6pocor
    cToqHbrx BoA, rrlocron), cyulecTByroqux rr npoeKTHpye-
    l. [IporparrlMa ruApoJrornqecKofixapaKTepucrnKu Mbrx; 6) npoAonbHoro npoQnnr peKH; n) rpaOHKa Hapa-
    craHIrfl nJroIrIaAH 6accefina; r) rpaQnxon cpeAHecyroq-
    B ery nporpaMMy BxoAsr: Hbrx ypoBuefi ga xapaKTepHbreroAbr c noKasaHr..reM oTMe--
    a) o6utee oflHcarrue peKH H ee 6accefiHa; 6) KparKHe roK HyJrefi rpa$raron u Qas JreAocraBa n rreAoxoAa;
    KJILIMaTHqecKHe AaHHbre; n) ruApoJrorurrecKas ugyqeg- a,) ruaporpaQoe sa xapaKrepHbre roAbr; e) xpueux o6ecne-
    Hocrb; r) HopMa croKa n pacnpeAeJreHuecroKa no ce- qenHocrn cyrorrnbrx pacxoAoB; xr) KpHBbrx o6ecnerreHuo-
    3oHaM B xapaKrepgbre roAbr (raaaosoAHufi, cpeAHufi, crH cpeAHeroAoBbrxrr MaKcHMaJrbHbrx pacxoAoB; e) KpH-
    MHoroBoAnufi); A) MaKcHMaJrbHbre r.r Mr.rHHMaJrbHbre pac- BIIX pacxoAoB; u) rpaQr,rroa Afifi noAcqera 3HMHero
    xoAbr; e) aua.nusu xr.rMuqecKoro cocraBa BoAbr, x) oco- croKa; K) rpa$uxoe, xapaKTepH3yrorrlux croK HaHocoB;
    6ecrgocra pe)KHMa peKH; s) .ucrroJrb3oBaHrrbre MarepuaJrbr. n) raAp.oJroro-xr{,MHqecKrixxapaKTepucrr{r(; nr) ra6.rqlu
    O6rerlr 3anr.rcKr{ - 15-25 crpaunq MaruuHonrcHoro yponnefi H pacxoAoB no ueony6nuKoBauHbrMAaHHbrM;
    TEKCTA. n) $ororpaQurrecKnx cHHMKoB.

    / I 1 4 T E PA T Y P A
    1. AaeKHH O. A., K nayuentrc KonuqecrBeHHblx sasucnuocreft 13. 3a fi r o e E. 4., Hcnapenne c^s_ox,Hoir uoBepxHocru rrpy.roB H
    ye_ry4y xrHepann3auneft, nonsbrM cocraBoM lt BorHbrM pexr{MoM peK Marbilx RoltoxpaHnrru_ur,-Ha reppuropnn CCCP, Tpyaur lfH, auir. 2t /ZS
    CCCP, Tpynu FlH, eun. 25179, Fua,poue'reons.u,ar, 1g50. I-napouereona.uar, 1949.
    2. AaeKtlH O . A . , O c n o e b r r n , [ p o x u M r , r u ,f u a , p o y ' l g 1 e o u s a a r , 1 9 5 3 . 1_4._Kpgrrrri cnpaBoqHuK .nnc ru.u.ponolHqgcKr{x pacqeroB, no.u, peraK -
    3. AHToHon H..il., Masnuaauruft cror pex-Enponeftcxofi ,{acrn queir E. B. ErragHqxa, locaHepnougrar, 1948.
    CCCP, Tpyau HhI4fMC, cepne lV, sun. 2, ffl,l, InapoMereoHs.u,ar, 15. KpHqKr'rfi M . H . n l \ 1e H K e J r l M. O., In.npolorrqecKrieoc-
    r941. HoBbr peqHofi ruaporexHuxu, Hs.n,. Ara,aeuun Hayr CCCP, 1950.
    4. A n o Jr Jr o e B. A., V,{eHr.re o peKax, us.u,. MocxoBcxoro rocynap- 16. JIyqueBa A. A., flpaxruvecraff rrillponornt, fuapoMereoni-
    crBeaHoro yHHBepcnTera, 1952. rar, 1950.
    5. E .rrH 3 H s r E. 8., flplrnarsre e CCCP Mero.u,bt pacr{era MaKcr.r- 17. 17 o n a r H n I-. B;, HaHocu per CCCP, I-eorpa$rns, 1952.
    MaJrlubrx pacxo:toB Bo,u.blg peKax, C6opnnr r,oKJra.lloB, npe,nc'rae.lenHux 18. OrHeBcruri A. B., pen., fnapoaornuecKue pacqerbrr,fiq peK
    KouNre'ry no yqacrnrc CCCP B Me)K,u,yHapo.u.HbrxgHepreTuqecxax o6t- yCCP (ua yxpauu. nsuxe), Hs-u,. AxaaeMHH HayK yCCP, 1947.
    e,[HHeHHqx, focaneprous.u.ar, 1951. 19. OrHeBcrnfi A. B., InapolorHfl cyrrrHi Cenrxosrag, 1952.
    6. E .r H 3 rr ff r E. 8., Bo.u,Hue HccJre.{oBaHHR,Pevns.[ar, 1952. 20. ll o Jr r K o a B. B., fxlpororrnvecxufi aHa/rn3 r,r pacr{erbr, fxlpo-
    7. E,nr.r3Hrrr E. B. n flonsKoa E. 8., Huxenepuas rn.u,poJro- MereoH3Aar, 1946.
    rur, foccrpofinsaar, 1939. 21. CoKorIoacxuft [. JI., I'x-lportofgt{ecKge H so.{oxogsfrcr-
    8. B o q K o B H. M., Boanas cpella H HgMeHeHHe ee KaqecrBa npH BeHr{brepacqerbr npH npoeKrHpoBaHHH rra,ryux fOC, fu,u,po,raereon3Adrr
    perynHpoBaHHH croKa rar Qaxrop aoaoxosqficrBeHHolo pacqera, Tpyau I 1946.
    coBen{aHns no penyrrgpoBaHHrocroKa, Hsa. AH CCCP, 1946. 22. C o K o n o B c K u fi .[. JI., Pe'{uofi cror, furpovereon3n,ar, 1952.
    9. B e r n K a n o s M, A., fNa,ponorHfl cyml,r, fu.u.ponrereousaar, 1948. 23. <Deropos J I . T . . H c c a e r o s a H H r rH p a c q e r M a K c i l v a l b H t r x p a c -
    10. BeJrHKaHoa M . A . , B o a , u r , r f t6 a . n a n c c y r u a , f n , u . p o t r e r e o u g r a r , xoaoB cHenoBbrx nonosoaHfr pex Eeponeftcrofi qacrn CCCP, Perylxpo-
    19,10. BaHHe croKa, C6opnnx Jt 5,-nsa. Ara.u,euun nayx CCCP, 1952.
    11. |OCT 399948. Pacuer MaKcuMa/rbHbrx pacxolloB BoJIH per, 1948. 24. LU a M o B f. H., Cror asseueuH,rx HaitocoB pex CCCP, Tpyau
    12.3afixon F. .[.., Cpeaunfi cror H ero pacnpererreriile B rony Ha fl'H. sbrn. 20/74, i-ul.povereous1at, 1949.
    TeppHropHx CCCP, I-napoirereous,(ar, 1946.
    rJI A BA I ] E T b I P H A N , U A TA f l

    I,IFI}KEHEPHO-I-EOJIOf 14TIECK14E 143 bI CKAH14fi

    14-A. OElttHE cBEAEHVTfl


    I 4 - 1 . H A 3 H A qE HI , IE H H X E H E P H O - a) reovopQo,nornuecxne ycrIoBHr (crpoenue pe.nreSa
    H y c J I o B H re r o $ o p u n p o n a H u t ) ;
    T E O J I O I - H qE C K I4 X H 3 b IC KA HH F I
    r) rnAporeonorl4qecKne ycaoBnfl;
    A) Qnauxo-reoJlorfiqecKl4e sBJleHHfl (onolsnu, Kapcr,
    OcHoeHHIr,{ Ha3HaqeHI'IeM HHiKeHepHo-reoJlorHqecKI{x npocaAKr{, ceficunqnocrb I{ I,P.);
    '3ElCKaHHfi, CBflSaHHbrX C rHApoTexHHqecKHM cTpoHTeJIb- e) Qusnxo-trrexaHnqecKllecBoficrBa ropHblx nopoA;
    =_ITBOM, flBJIffeTCq BCeCTOpOHHeeleoJlorHqecKoe u3yqeHHe x) ua.rruuue MecrHblx MHHepaJIbHbIX crpoHTeJIbHbIx
    paftoHa coopyxeutlfi (n.norHu, RoAOxpaHI'IJIHIU' AepI{- MaTepHaJIoB.
    BaIHOHHbIX KaHaJroB 11 Ap.) c [€.r-rbro o6ocsonasl{fl IIpo-
    eKTHpoBaHHff H nporHo3a rex H3MeHeHHfi, Koropble Moryr I4-2. OCHOBHbIE TEOJIOI-HTIECKHE
    npOuaofirra B reoJlof tIqecKgft o6cranoexe nOA BJIHf HI'IeM
    H HFIXEHEPHO.TEOJIOTHqECKI,IE NOHflTHfl
    crpouTeJlbcrBa coopylKeul'Ifi u Hx al(cnJlyarauula.
    llpu HH)KeHepHo-reororl4qecKnx H3bIcKaHHsx ocBe- H OIPEAEJIEHHfl
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    gJIeMeHTbI rHApoJIofHI{); rrOHfiTHfl L4 O1rpeAeJIeHI{fl,3HaHHe KOTOp6IXueO6xOAtltyto
    KJrHMar, ruAporpaSnn,
    6) reonoru.reCroe cTpoeH'e (crparurpaSuR, JIHT.JI.- AJrfl noJIb3OBaHHff MaTepHaJIaMI,IHHX(eHepHo-reoJIofHqe-
    IHg, TCKTOHHKA);
    cKHX l{Btilcrannfi, npuBqAeHbte ra6.n. l4-1 +- l4-8.

    l . C x e n l a c rp a rH rp a Q uuecxoro A efl eH H q 3eMHOi{ KOpbI


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    407

    Ilpo ro.n-
    fpyn- Cncreua
    na (apa) lnepuoa) flpt'c (uer)
    aor"-I CNcreua C)r-rc.n
    ){(ItTEJIb-
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    (MnH.

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    Beprnrafi H opnfi cxufi
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    crl
    nan T T2 l AHr.reHficxuft
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    Cr

    C a u ro n c x u ri HuxHr,rfi B ep$eucrH fi
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    TypoHcxnft
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    cruft
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    |
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    Be p x u e -Bo .q x (-
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    J 35 r55
    Cpelnnft IayH roncrnfi
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    I

    ECKHE PACTTETN
    PA3AEJI BTOPON. HCCJIENOBAHNfI, HSbICKAHHfl , THN,POJIOTHq
    408
    Ilpodoatcenue ra6n. 14-l

    F
    flpoaoa-
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    )KHTCJIb.
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    I
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    TJIABA TIETbIPHA,qUATAfl . HH)KEHEPHO.TEOJIOTHqECKH E II3bICKAHHfl
    409
    2. Cxervra AefleHHc nopHbrx nopoA no reHerHqecKHM rrpH3HaKaM
    Tafnuqa 14-3

    OcHosH bre reuerr.rqecKne no,[pagAeJreHHfl Xapaxrepncruxa

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    PASIIEJI BTOPON, HCCJIENOBAHHfl
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    410
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    Hopvalrnaa K p u a t r c K J r a . ( K rc. rH M M e r p H q -
    Oporennue- O6yclon"rrr.rBarcT
    cJroxrrbreHapyue- CKNAAKA Ho pacxoAflrcrr or flApa ("ep_
    cKHe,[BI{)I(eHHfl Htlff B nepBoHaqaJrbHoM3aJlefarrHHCJIO_ urnuu) K ocuoBarruro
    eB ropHblx nopo,( (,tncroxaqun) 14eoranuaJrbHafl Kpnarn cKJraAKrr napaJrnen b ur,r
    cr{JraAKa
    flnnxenuff npoxcxo]Irrr no AByM rra- Qaexcypa Oano6oraff KoneHqaraflcKnaA-
    npaBJreHHsM : r O p H 3 O H T a n b H O MHyB e p _
    Tr.rKaJrbHoMy H Cor;poBoxAarcTcfl aK_ Ans'brorrKTHB-
    THBHbrMr,r
    MarMarHqe cKr.rMri npoqeccaMH r r b r eA H c J r o K a -
    \nu
    OcHosnrre $asur oporeHHr{ecKHx (c paspsrriorvr
    AsuxeHr.rfi B HcropHH 3er{nu: crurorilHocrn
    c.noen)
    C6poc flepelreuteHuenopoA rro rpe_
    l) JIanpeHTbeBcKafl-B Haqarre ap- IqHHe BepTI{KaJrbHo uJ]I{ HaKJroH_
    xef lro K ropH3oHTv
    fopcr floaHsrue nopo.u Me)r(AyABy-
    2) A,r_rnourcKaff-apxefi - nporepo_ nlff^ Tperr1rratr,vr H)tu c6pocarrla
    soft
    I-pa6en Onycrailue nopojl r,lex,u.yaay_
    3 ) K a a e a o H c K a r- B KoHrle curypa llrff_TpeuIHHaMHHJIH c6pocanu
    H alnnr flepelanxeHr4e (Ha4srlranne)
    4) fepquHcxaa (napacquficxar)_or nopoA no [oJrorHM BOJTHLICTbIM
    t
    IiHiKHeKaMeHHO-\'fonbHoro
    nepu_ noBepxHocrflI,1
    oAa AO TpHaca Texrosuqecr(He Tperquulr, Bo3r{HKrrHe B pe-
    TpetttHHbr 3 y n l T a T e T e K T O H H q e c K HAXB H _
    5) A.rrrnHficuas -B KoHue MenoBofo x;eHnft. PaccexarcT ropHbre no-
    H B TpeTr4qHOM nepHoAax po,[,hr Ha 3HaqLITe.[brrvrc Irv-
    6uuy

    5. opueHT'poBorrHaq cxeMa paBAeJreHHsnopHhrx


    nopo.q no lrH}I(eHepHo-reoJrorHqecKHMrrpHSHaKaM
    I t
    Ta6.nuua14-o
    f enernqecilrir MexaHuqecxae
    0 5
    Tan flopo.I cnoli c rna BoaonponnqaeM ocrb Xnuuqecxas croi.irocrr OHgHqecraq croftxocru

    C ra.nnssre I,lsoep- flpouuaaxecrKafl -


    Bo.u,onpoHr,rua I,lsnepxeuHbre cKaJrb-
    H noJrJr- xre u u u eM
    . e- cBfl3b Mex.[y 3ep_ CIUIJ TOJIbKO Cra.nrsue npaKTH-
    . [O H b r e n p a K T H q e C KH f i e - q e c K n H H e p T H b lr r o o T -
    CKAJIbHbIE rauop$n- rraMH (C[a.rrHHocTb Tperr{HHaM
    nopoAbr rIecKne. Oca- H Cr{eMeHTr.tpoBaH_ pacrBopHMbr, cPe.u,r.r H O l l r e r r r 4 r oK B o A e ; H p y -
    r r o J r y c K a n b H b r xM, e T a - f i H O 3 e p H H C T b I eH C " ; r O -
    .40rIHbIe uocrr). He c)r(H- uop$uuecxnx H oca- Hcrbre paBHocrH o6la-
    rBeplbre MaeMbr. llpu cgnn-
    AoriHbrxHMeroTcffpac_ A a l o r r r o H H x e H H o f i l r o -
    f e A a l o r c x o , ' 1 .M e -
    T B O p H M b rpea 3 H o c r H posocrofiKocrbro
    xaHHrIecKHe cnofi_
    CTBA 3ABHCflT OT
    I.rMero Tcq pa3t\rfltq a -
    c T e n e H r . lB b r B e T p e _ yJu{Hecfl H I\,rOpO3O-
    JrocTr.r H TpeulHHO_
    naroctnl uecrorirne pa3r{ocrH

    I Cleryer
    HMerb B Bu,lty, qro jle./reHae ropnbrx nopo,u,
    Ha cKanbHbre tt no:r'cKflJrbHbl€ ''.[feTcq
    I r.rcpeaa cKa.,rbHr,rx,Mory r 6urr n sHaqurefluHoti rrrepe yc.[oBHblM. cpeau
    I : JJ,.I T""ljl
    goBarb Hx KaK i"-?j; _11T..1: l_"
    crpor.rrenb's,r:r pasuoBH.*HocrH
    c .q,ocraroqHo
    surcoxoii-;;;;;;;;;;:
    uarep'ir an" coopil;;;;i. no38onf IofieR ucIlonb-
    TJIABA ITETbIPHANAATA'|. H H)I<EHEPHO-TEOJIOTHI{ECRHE H3bICKAHITfl
    4ll

    Ilpodonuceuue ra6n. 14-6

    H a g n a n r r er e o - I-eucru,{ecxrfi MeraHH,{ecxHe .
    q € texHuqecxoft THn nopojl csoiicrea B o . u . o n p o H l r u a e Mcor h Xttvrqecxaq croftxocru Qrgu,{ecxa q crolir octu
    rpynrrbl

    II Cs s s Hs r e Oca.noq- B cyxovr cocro- H e p a c r e o p H M b l ,H o Ha6yxaror, pa3Msr-


    H noJ r y c B r S-H L l e T O H K O - Altylt't cxoAHbI c MOnyr coAepx(arbpac- q a r o T c f l H p a c n n b r B a -
    HHe [OpOAbr AHCnepcHble. NOIVCKATbHbIMI,I, T B O p H M b r er r p H M e c H ; r o r c f l B B o A e ; n p H
    TopQ. Iloqsrt BO BJIA}KHOM-TIJIA- p a c T B o p e H H en o c r e J l - 3 a M e p 3 a r r L r H M o r v r
    CTH qHbI H C}KI{MA. H H X 3 a T p y A H e H OC n a - c r 4 Jbr H o y B e I H q H B a ' r ' b -
    eMbr; npn cABHre 6oia BoAorrpoHr{qa- c q B o 6 r e n e , o6pa-
    AarcT nJracTr.rqe- e M o c T r , r o . P a c r n o p e - 3 y . f f J r H H 3 b rf i n p o c n o H
    cKyro Ae+opMarIHro. nue colefi B a€ccax nbAa (nyuuHllcrste
    MexaHuqecxne croco6crByer n p o - nopo.[br)
    CBofi9133 pe3KO callKaM .IIeccu n fl€ccosn.[-
    MCHq}OTCfl B 3ABH- Hbre nopoAbr IIpH yB-
    CHMOCTH OT CTCNC- JTaIKHeHHH MOfyT Xa-
    HH BJIA}KHOCTH BaTb npocaAr(H

    III Hecnss- Ocaaoq- Cn.fler.{ Mex,u.y rua-


    B o.r.onpou HepacreopHMbr, He pas6yxaKlr H He
    Hbre nopoAbr Hbre cbrrry- S e p H a r \ { H
    u e T ; n o A C I\IbI p e A K o c n p u M e c b r o p a 3 M f f n q a r o T c fBf B o A e
    qne AeficTBHeM cTaTr.r- p a c T B o p H M b l xc o c r a B -
    qecKofi rrarpy3- nflrorrlHx
    KH O6bIIIHO HC
    c)KHMarcrcfl. flpu
    coTprrceHr.rH
    cna6o
    ynnoTHeHHbrepa3-
    HOCTH MO|VT IaTb
    6srcrpyrcocaAr{y

    6. K.naccr.r@HKarlnq
    rro.(geMnbrxBoA
    Ta1ttuqa I4-7

    Tnnu no.u,genaunx C o o r s o r u e H a eo 6 , r a c r n Xapaxrepucfirxa I- eo rroruqecK r.re yc JroBr.r


    rr
    BO.ll DHTaHuflu o6aactu no Harropy Oco6enHocrt{ pe)riuua
    pacrlpocrpaHeHHrr 3a.1eraHI{g

    - IlounennHe, C o n n a l a rc r Heuanopune fl ovaa, noB epxH oi rsueo6pa- B o n n B p e M e H r r o r o x a p a K -


    ooJIoTHbre,B€P- 3oBaIIHs ; BoAoynopnftlr noxeM T e p a , c B g 3 a H H b t ec B e c e H H H M
    XOBOAKA cJry)r(aT
    Jrr4H3br
    H npocnoH MeHee CHEIOTAfl IIHEM HJIH AJIHTET bIIbIM
    rrpoHHuaeMbrx rIopoA B 3oHe /loxLeM
    aspauHn

    fpynronue To xe , H e H a u o p H b r e 3 a ; r e r a r c r H a A n e p B b r Mo r t r o - K o n e 6 a u u r y p o B H s B o A b rn p o -
    ( H H O f . r l ca M e c T - BepxHocrH Bo.u.oynopHbrMnna- ncxo]flT non AeficrBHeM Mere-
    HbIM Hanoporrl) crox, o6brrrHo Ha ue6o.rrnurofi o p o n o r u q e c K H x Q a x r o p o n . f o -
    n l y 6 v H e o r n o B e p x H o c r H3 e M J r HAoBafl aMnnuTyJtaxore6alruft sa
    BOAOpa3neJraxHe npeBbrrrraeT
    2-2,5,r4, B goHe BJrr{sHHfl rraBo,[,-
    I(oB peKH orpeAenfleTcfl Bbrco-
    Toftn npoA onxuTenbHocTrna-
    - r ol
    BoAKoB I

    Mexu.uacro- O 6 ra c rr pac- To xe A u a r o n u , r H b r r p y H T o B b r MB o - Te xe Qaxropu, rrro [ r B r pyn-


    Bb re r r eHanop-npocTpaHeHnfl A a M ,H O O T J I H q a T O TOCTfg I I X T e M , T O B ' b I X B O . d . A K , H O B J I H f l H H E U X
    HbIE 6orrure o6.nacrn q T o B b r r r j ey P o B H f l n o A 3 e M H b r x M e H e e B b r p a x ( e H o
    NI{TAEHg BoA HMeercfl roLoynopnnrfi
    NJIACT
    PA3AEJI BTOPON. HCCNEAOBAHHfl , HSbICKAHHfl . TH,Q,POJIOTHqECKHE PACITET6I
    4t2

    Ilpodoaucenue ra6tt. 14-7

    Xaparrepngrura
    no Ha8opy feoaorrqecrue ycnoBnq gareraHHc O c o 6 e u n o c r Hp e x { H M a

    Ap r es uauc K He O6racrr pacrpo- H a n o p u u e- Kore6anuff ypoBHr apresilaH-


    crpaHeHus 6orurue cKLrxBo.u, N o6y-
    He3HaqHTeJrbIrbr
    o6.nacru nnrall.nfr. CJIOBNCHbI H3MCIIEHHflMH ATMO-
    cQepnoro ,u,aBJreHufl,
    a raK)r(e
    xore6aHprcMprypoBHc B lIpeHH-
    pyrcur{x BoAoeMax H Bo.(oroKax

    np{_M€qaH}r€- flo xlpaKrepy. nyrefi llBnxeHBr rpynroBHe. Mexn4acroDHe x aprBr{aHcr e sorH nolpa3rersrorcf, Ha noF|oD[r€x
    Tper{[fHbre. nocrell|xe (TpeuxHHrre ao$r) B,.cBoIo oqeperb ,lelcrcr Ha co6crBeHHo rpeullHHHe, nracroBo-TperuLrxHd€!xapcroBo-rpeuxHHbre l
    xunbfiHe. B o6nacrl pacnpocrpaHeHnsBeqEofiMepg,rorH nor3eMH[reBorbr notrpa:r[ersrorcs Ha nolxep3rorrrHe. Mex[ep3norHue r HatrMep3rorHr{e.
    noIH rolirep3noTlrre q Mex eDsnoTHr,re oosqso xMercTHanoptr6fi{xapaxTep.

    7. <DnsHxo-reoilornqecKHe flBreHHq
    Ta6nuqa 14-8

    H a f i n e n o s a H u eH x a p a r T e p H c r n r ( a HauMeHoeaHHe H xapaKrepHcrHKa
    OcHosnble rrpoueccbr ssrelrufr OcHosgure npoqeccbl flEJIEHUH

    I. SHAorenHbre - Bbr- ByaranuuecKue 143Bep- n) aKKyMynsuufl- CySQoanfl - BbIubrBarIHe


    or-
    3 b r B a e N r b r eB H y T p e H H H M H r(eHLIq, ceficMuqecKl4egB- JIOXCHHC lI (uexauuuecKoe) H BblHoc
    HAKOIINEHHC
    CHJIAMH 3CMNH JICHHg fiponyKToB pa3p.yrreHHs q a c T H q H 3 r o p o A b r
    nopHbrx nopo,u.
    3poran-pa3pyuenne ro-
    II. SxsoreHsbre-06y- poA noA sosAeficreueM Te-
    K a p c r o e u e f lB r e H n r - p a c -
    CJIOBIHBAEMbIE BHCII H I.IMH Kyrrflx BoI Per, pyqbeB
    TBOpeHBeH BbruleJIaqHBaHHe
    Q a x r o p a r r r u( a r u o c Q e p a , roprrbrx nopoA c o6pasosa-
    rHA poc Q epa, 6r a o c Q e p).a
    PasAersrorcflHa: A6pasun - pa3pyrueHne u HHeM B HHX XapaKTepHbrX
    B b r p a B H H B a u u6ee p e r o e n o A rbopr* peaueQa (eopourn,
    nos,ueficrBr4eruBonHo60r tt y B a r r b ru n p . ) a n y c r o r ( K a -
    a ) B b r B e r p H B a H H e - p a 3 - H a c T y r r a r c u I H xB o A , n p e H M y - H?.r-IbI, neUleprt)
    p y u r e H u e H p a 3 p b r x J r e H H e IqecrBeHHo MopcKHx (rtrop-
    ropHbrx fiopoA Ha IIo- cran a6paaua)
    BepxHocrH 3eMnH-Qr.rsu- ,Il,etpaaqua-pa3BeBaHHe H
    rtecKoe (ntexaHuuecrce), repeHoc rpoAyKroB pa3py-
    Ocunn-ocbrnaHne o6.lou - IrreHr.rflropHbrK nopoA rro,t,
    xuMHqecKoe H opraHH-
    qecKoe (uo.u, AeficrBueM xon (rue6ufl H rrrbr6) nsrner-
    reficrsHeM BeTpa
    pHBUTHXCfl nOpOA H OTJTOXe-
    opnauuauon)
    HHe Hx y noAlloxbff Kpyrbrx
    cKnoHoB a cBc3aHHbIe c
    - cMeute - fereHuq,
    6) .lr,eHy4arrns
    se,rHofi uepsroroft: HaneAH
    Hrre H [epeHoc npoAyK-
    Ono.nsun (oconu, crrJrbr- I,rrepMoxapcr (o6pa3oBaHne
    TOB pa3pyrrreHHff ropHbrx
    nu) - cMertleHHe seMJrsEbrx 3ana.u,HH, BopoHoK, B pe3ynb-
    IropoA (repMHHOM .[eHy-
    MACCHA CKJIOHAX Tare oTTanBarus rrreps.iroru);
    A a q n s r r a c T oo 6 o s H a q a t o r colnQrroxqrr (teuenne cy-
    B C r OC O B O K y n H O C T n bp o - r J r H H K o B ,c y n e c e f i H M e n K H x
    qeccoB paspyrrJeHHsrop- Cenn- nopHbre rpr3eBbre I i e c K o B B p e 3 y n b T a T eo T T a P I -
    Irbrx nopol. npoucxolln- H rpfl3er(aMerrHble noToKr.r, BaHHfl Mep3JrOTbrH yBna}I(-
    II{Hx Ha seruHoft noBepx- BO3HHKaloI[nenocjle HHTeH-
    n e H n n ) ;o 6 p a 3 o B a H H6 ey n p o n
    HOCTH, BKJTIO'{afl H BbIBeT- clrBrrrilx .nnnuefi ll cgeroras- rryqeHHrr, rHAPolarKoJtHToB
    pnnaune) HHfl l.r Ap.

    fl p o c a n rn - o c a rK H MaK -
    p o n o p H c rH xn o p o ArroAA eft-
    c rB H e Mc o 6 c rn e sH oro B eca
    n p n u g 6 s rro q H o uyB naxue-
    HHH
    rJIABA ttETt l PHA,\UATAfl . HH)KEHEPHO-fEOJIOTHTIECKHE H3btCKAHHtI
    413

    14-8. COCTABU METOAbIHHXEHEPHO-TEOJIOTnTIECKHX


    H3bICKAHI,IH

    B cocraB HHxeHepHo-reonornrrecKnxr.r3brcKaHuffsxoAgr r{brx H onbrrHblx pa6or; A) Qnsuro-reoJrorHqecKuX flBJre-


    sreAyrorqHe BHAbr pa6oT: I ) nqAnoroBrr.rreJrbtrbre pafu- nr.rfi; e) Bo3Mo>KHocrr{noJryqeHnq Ha Mecre rex HJrH Hrrbrx
    ThI; 2\ KoMrrJreKcHafi lrHx(eHepHo-reoJrtru'recKafl c6eMKa; BHAOB MeCTHbTXCTpOHTenbHbrX MaTepr{anoB.
    3) pasee4orrur,re pa6o{br (6ypeur.re u upoxoAKa ropHbrx BbI- Ha npeABapurerrbHbrxcraAHrx npoeKrupoBanuff (TAA)
    pa6orox); 4) reoQnsuuecxue pa6oru,r; 5) ruAporeonoru- npoHsBoAffTCq HHX(eHepHO-reoJrOrHqeCKHe CbeMKH MapItr-
    qecKue pa6orrr; 6) noneBbre HcnbrraHuq Snsuxo-l,texaHu- pyTHoro Tr.rfla uilw nJroulaAHbre gbeMKH MenKoro Mac-
    qecKHx ceoficre rpyHroB; 7, .na6oparopHbre r.rccJleAoBa- urra6a.
    HHff; 8) noucKr{ H pasBeAKE crpoureJrbHbrx MarepuaJroB. B cflyqae HaJrHqHffrro pafiony MarepuanoB paHee Bbr-
    noJrHeHHbrxgbeMoK B sToT nepHoA HepeAKo Mo>KHoorpa-
    HHqHTbcq peKorHocrlHpoBorrHbrM ocMorpoM pafiona.
    t4-3. IOATOTOBHTEJIbHbIE PAEOTbI flpn r{gbrcKaunrlx Anff [poeKTHoro 3aAaHHfl r{ TexHr{qe-
    cKofo npoeKTa Ha yqacTKax, HaMeqeHHbrxrroA coopyx{e-
    lloAroroeureJrbnbre pa6oru 3aKnroqarorcs B c6ope u HHfl, npongBoAffTcfl cteMKH 6o.uee KpynHoro uacmra6a
    H3yrIeHHH nHTepaTypHbrxu apxHBHbrxMaTepr{aJroB no (no I : 10 000, a B HeKoropbrx cnyqalx - Aax(e Ao
    paftouy r,rsucxauufi,B cocraB.rreHuu
    nporpaMMbrH cMerbr, I : 2 000).
    Hnxeuepuo-feoJroruqecKag c6eMKa qaulll BoAoxpaHH-
    IIoAroroBKe H ornpaBKe Ha Mecro ueo6xoAuvroro o6opy-
    rruuta npor.r3BoAurcff B uacrura6ax I : 200 000-1 : 50 000,
    AOBAHHfl U COCTABJICHHHHHCTPYIffI,IBIIO-MCTOAHIIECKHX
    yxaaauufi Anfi TexHHqecKoro Lr aAMr.rHr{crparuBHo-xossft- a Ha oTAeJrbHbIx yqacTKax, HanpHMep, SaulHulaeMblx oT
    crBeHHoro fiepcoHana H3brcKareJrbcKofinaprur{. C6op u noATonnellHff, 3aroIIJIeHr.rf, o6na.non, onoasHefi v np., - B
    o6pa6orxa JrnreparypHbrx H apxnBHbrx MarepuaJIoB 6o"nee KpynHblx trracurta6ax, B 3aBLIcI{MocrLI or cJIoxHo-
    HMeIOT UeJrbro OnpeAeJrHTbCTeneHb r.r3yqeHHocrH pafiona crn reonornqecxux ycnonnfi.
    H o6ocHosarb o6beM H MeroAHKy Aa.nuneftruux usblcKa- flpn Ha3HaqeHHH o6teua HHx(eHepHo-reoJloruqecxofi
    HHfi. sbeMKH seo6xoAnuo yqurblBaru rpe6onauur npoeKrupo-
    flporparrrrvraHH)KeHepno-reonorurrecKnx a3ltcrannfi, pag- BaHHs.,u,aHHorocoopyxeHr{fi.
    pa6arlrnaeMaq r{Hx(enepoM-reo.[oroM coBMecruo c flpoeK- Hnxenepno-reoJroruqecKafi c'beMKa Br<.[rcqaer B ce6q
    pa6oru: a) npoxoAKy MeJI-
    THPOBIIII,IKOM, AOJIXHA COACPXATb CJIEAYIOqUEPASACJIbI: cJreAyron(HeBcrloMotareJlbHbre
    a) KpaTKoe rraJroxeune rexnurrecKoro saAaHHA Ha KHX ropHbrx nupa6otox (myp$or, pacvr.rcrox); 6) 3oH-
    npoeKTnpoBaHHe (cra.u,un upoeKTr{poBannfl,, ocHoBHaf AnpoBoqHoe 6ypenne; n) or6op o6paguoe H npo6 flopoA
    cxeMa u Bo3Mox(Has KoMnoHoBKa npoelffHpyeMblx coopy- H BoAbr Anfl [ocJIeAyIouIHX ra6oparoplrblx aHaJtH3oB vI
    xesnfi u r. n.); ucnuranufi; r) noJIeBbIela6opatopHble HccJIeAoBaI{Hn
    6) KparKyro xapaKrepr.rcrnr(y reoJrornqecKHx H HIDKe- rpyrrroB u xuMuqecKoro cocraBa BoAbI (npu nououlll lro-
    Hepno-reororurrecKux yc.nonuft pafioua uerrcxanuft ilo JreBbrx-iloxoAHbrx la6opatopnfi); A) rJla3oMepHyro rollo-
    .u.aHHbrMJrHTepaTypHbrxH apxr{BHbrx HcTotrHI-IKoB; rpaQuEecxyro c'beMKy c 6apouerpHrIecKI{M HIdBeJIHpoBa-
    e) HaMeqaeMbre o6reu u coAep)KaHr.rerrHlKeHepHo- HHeM; e) SororpaQupoBaHue.
    reoJIorHIIecKHxpa6or 14 o6ocHosaHLreHX Heo6xoAr.rMocru O6reu uyp$oBanuff 14 6ypeuun ycraHaBJlllBaercfl B
    no BceMy pafiony ra yqacrKaM pacnoJlox(eHr.rffo'rAeJrbnblx 3aBLIcHMocrr{ or o6uaxeggocru v cJ'Io)KHocrIr feoJloruqe-
    coopyxennfi; cKoro cTpoeHr{q.
    r) KaJIeIIAapHbrecpoKu BbIrIoJIHennapa6or. Ans HH)KeI{epHo-reoJIofHqecKI{xqe"nefi rIIHpoI(o npnMe-
    Cueru Ha HHx(eHepHo-reoJlorllqecKl{e HgbIcKaHHfi co- Hflercq aepoSorosbeMKa. llonyuaeuue npu noMourH
    cTaBJrsrorc.firro <<EAunouy npeftcrypaHTy rlerr Ha npoeKT- aapoQorosbeMKH uso6paxceuur MecrIrocrLI (xouraxruue
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    sufi ua6.nrcAeuns sa pe>KHMoMnoA3eMHbrx BoA npous- BerH,I,uHa xoeQSnqrleura Qr.r.nsrpaquu Ha ocHoBaHI{H
    BoAflTcff B pagBeAoqHbrx cKBa)KHr{ax, ruyp$ax, a raKx(e onbITHbIx orKaqeK,paccq,LlTnnaercrrtto $optuy"uau, npnBe-
    B HCTOIIHHKAX H KOJIOAUAX.HA BTOPOft CTA.UHI{H3bICKA- AerI,HbrM E ra6Jr. l4-13, 14-14 u l4-15.
    , HIABA IETbIPHMIIATrA. H HXEH EPH O.TEOJIOTHvECKHE NsbI CKAHHfl
    4t7,
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    O6rer"r H pacnpereJreHue onbrrnbtx orKar{eK

    l. Ha nepBoM grane r.rgucxauuft AntI


    fl poerruoe
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    3AAAHHC
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    Hocribilx ropr.rgoHToB B pafione BosMo)K-
    Horo pacnonolxeHufl coopyxennfi
    2. Ha BropoM orane ngntcxanufi npo-
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    O6reu

    Texnuxo- Ha yqacrKax BoBMo>KHofo Pacnono-


    SKOIIOMHqC- )KeHr{ff rrJrorr.ru npoll3BoAlrcfl (no oco- Tax KaK onpeAeTreuuexoaQ$auaeura Su.nrrpauuu sB-
    crufi AoKJraA6nu gaAaHI{sM) numr oAHHotIHbIeor- nseTcf TpyAoeMKoft pa6orofi, peKoMeHAyercqcooTBeTcrBy-
    (13A) KaqKH B CKa.rrbHbrxtr [oJIycKaJIbHbIx no- toulue $a.rrrrpauaouHbre pacrlerbr rrpou3BoAr{TbcHaqaJra
    poAax. KoaQ$uuHeHrbI Sn"rrtrpaunu nec- no opHeHrHpoBoqHbrM xapaKTepHcTr.rKaMBoAonpoHHqae-
    qaHbrx nopoA Mo)I{Ho onpeAeJlgTb IIo MOCTHIIOpOA, a 3areM peur{Tb BOnpOC,saCKOJTbKO HeO6-
    na6oparopHbrry aHaJII{BaM. . XOAHMbI ONbITHbIC OTKAqKI,T, C YTICTOM KOHKPCTHbIX 3AAA-
    sufi HsbrcxaHr.rfi.

    Ta6nuqa 14-13
    orKarIKaMH3 coBepIIreHIIbIx
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    Pacnoao-
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    418 , IpOJrOr H rrE)KH E

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    )|(CHHC fn.upanrtnvecrHii
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    HIABA tIETbrPHAl qArM. H WKE H Ep H O-t EOJrOr H rtE c Kr[ E H3bICKAHH'T
    419
    Ta1nuqa 14-14
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    cKBa)r(HH

    C r e u u Pac'{erHrte Qoprayarr Aarop

    Pacqer tto AByM Ha6flroAa-


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    PASNEJI BTOPON. HCCNEIIOBAHNfl , NS6ICKAHHfl , THIIPOJIOTN'TECKHE PAC'TETH
    420
    Ifpo)ottttceuue ra6n. 14-14
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    Hofi cxsaxnge:
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    BbrflonHflerc, c
    UIH C[eIIHaJrbHhrx TaMIIOHOB,_ycTaHaBJIr{BaeMbrx yqeroM Qaxrnvecxofi,loryueuuorr tip"
    Mocru pacxoAaBo,',bre or BeJrHrrHHbrbn"rr'#"rru"."-
    Ha pa3_
    '--
    tg":r:.,1-lrepBarrax no r.ny6uue (crvr. Snr. l4_lg).
    tl pe3yJrbTare HarHerauufi onpeAeJrseTc, Hanopa //, upuverr
    TaK Ha3brBae_
    MOe YA en b H o e B oA o n orJr orrl e H H:hrp,
    r . re q , p a B H o eo T H O _
    IrreHtro KoJrnrrecrBa nornoureuHofi
    npu onurie BoLu (n rAe lz- sHcora (a u) or ocu MaHoMerpa
    nHrpax B I rvruu.) K Morrlnocrr{ onpb6yenno*-"nr.prunu Ao ypoBHrr
    (".y:"p_ll ^^'^ BOAbI B cKBaxHHe;
    ,J.JIfl
    _" coorBercrByrouee
    BO3MO)I(HOCTH
    t'n ki'ii;; p - ut1stroqHoe AaB.rreHHe Ha MaHorueTpe, Bbrpa_
    COIOCTABJIEHI.I'
    P.'YJIbTATOB PA3- xeHHOe B .r, Bo.L. cr.

    [Ip" M on HH e finas 3 a B r . cr H ] \ ,o c T b

    Q:aH (r4-22)

    Q uz . I1 -Ig

    tl a p a6on a q e c K aff z aBuc rr,\ro


    cTb

    (14-23) bQ' u4-24)

    b : ( 14- 25)

    @uz !4-20

    CreneHHaff 3aB HcH Ntocrb

    Q: (r4-26) (r4-27)
    "t/E
    (l <a<2) I
    lg n:lg Q' (t4-28)
    ( n p uf f : l , ] : r )
    @uz. 14-21
    pASIEn BTOPOE. nCCilELOBAHHfl, HSbICKAHHfl , THAPOIOTUqECKHE PACrrETbr
    424

    flpn nn6ope pacveruofi Qopuyau Mo)KHo ucxoAnrb Hg rre (-xoe$$uqneur $n.nrrpaqnu B nfcgrrcu;
    nprMonHHefiHofi, napa6o.rru,{ecxofi u crenesuofi 3aBHcH- Q - ycranoeneuruficq pacxoA BoAhr B *tsfcgrrcu;
    uocrefi Q:F (Hl (cru. ra6.n. 14-16). / F - s onbrrax no MeroAy Eo.rrAupena- nJIoIIIaAb
    iJ t$opr'rynax n rpaQuxax: cMaqfisaeMofi noBepxHocrn ayunSa, paBHae
    Q' A Qo- pacxoAbl BoAbI nptl onblTax n nlnuu; n r (r + zhl trq,2(r - paauyc ayunQa; h - s:';r-
    H' u H' - Hanopbl npu onblTax B ,1 BoA. cr.; cora nocrosHHono cnofl BoI.u r .ru); n orIbITe
    ni H;-npHBeAeHHbIe Hanopbil, paBHbIe coorBercr- no MeroAy Hecrepoua F - n.rrorqaAr AIra syM-
    " nQa, orpaHutlenuafl BHyTpeHHHMKoJlbqoM,n ru2.
    H' HU
    BeHHo H a uln nuu; flpurvreqaHre. [ I p u H a J I } I B a x n o M e r o . 4 y E o . t t . u , u p e e ap-a c q e r
    A, q, roa$QuqneHra $uarrpauurl MoxHo npousBollllrb raxxe rro Qopt'ly.ne
    lnouHcKoro. onv6.nurosaHHofr n
    H. K. InpuHcKoro, e c6opnnre
    c6ooHHre .Bonpocu
    'Bonpocu ru'['poreo-
    rul.pqle-o-
    d,b,q.Hn-napaMerpbl ypaBHeHHH.
    JJIoTHH
    rrornu
    IOTHH H u H
    unxenepuoft
    nulreneosofi
    H)KEHE reorort{n",
    reororun"- TDvrtbI HHcrnryra
    rpy.[bl Hucrnrvra- BCEfl4HfEO.
    BCE| I4H|EO.
    floc-ne onpeAereHuq a no f ocneonr,rs,rar,1953.
    oAHoft H3 npr.rBeAeHHbIX B
    *fua'+temP ra6.tr. 14-16 tfopuy.rr BbI- 5. Onpe4e;reHlle cKopocrn ABH)KeHHfl
    lJodaqa 8o0at III4CJIgCTCfl
    YACNbIIOE BOAO- rIoA3eMHbIXBOA B rIOpaX H TpeuII{Hax
    ilornouleHHe no Qopuy.ue: ropHbrx nopoA
    g - - ,
    0 (14-29) Cxopocrr ABuxeHr.rfl [oAseMHbIx Bo,E B [opax v rpe-
    ' m H
    h UIHHaX ropHbrx nopoA flBJIfleTcg Bax(HbrM rIOKa3areneM
    qa-
    Alrfl oIIeHKIt Bo3MoxHocru cy$QosuoHHoro BbIHoca
    __t_ '!Po0euo
    i Eoau- rAe q -yAenbHoe BoAono- crflrl, pa3MbrBa v HapyuelrHff ycTofiqllBocrl.I nopoA ocHo-
    rnorueHr.re B n/uuu; BAHfifr, nOAMbrBaIIIIyHTOB H T. A.
    rru- Morrtnocrb onpo6y- llpu HHlKeHepHo-reoJroruqecKnxlrsbrcKaHHrx cKopocrb
    lnoflnoHcl eMoro uHTepBana AEH)I(eHHSnO.rI3eMHbIX BO4 Ofipe,4enseTcffOrrbITHbtMnyT,eM.
    B 'li .[,.ts grofi q,enl.I B BotrouocHhrfi cnofi B oArroM ,r{aKoM-nr,r6o
    H- Hanop B .rr. nyHKTe (:ranpnuep, B cKBalr(une) aao4urcn KpacKa uil:a
    coJrb H rrpousBoAtrcfl na6.rytoAeHvfi ga BpeMeHeMnpoxox(-
    nns noJIyqeHHs coflocra-
    Br4Mbrx pe3ynbTaToB npa- AeHHs r{x Ao Apyroro nyHKTa, pacnoJroxeHHoro Ha H3-
    BHnbHee rrpoH3BoAr.rrbpacqeT BecrHoM paccTofHHH.
    yAenbHoro BoAonornouleHrrs Onuru no onpeAeJleHuro cxopocreft Moryr 6urs tro-
    @uz. 14-18. Cxeaa IrpH H:l 14, qro, r(poMe cTaBJreHbIB ycJIOBHflXeCTeCTBeHHOTO rrOTOKaUJfi4 COBMe-
    onumHbtx uazruemaruuo Toro; ynpoUaer pacqerbl: IUeHHbI C OTKaTIKaMTI U3 CKBa)I(I{H.
    I CKBAUCUH6I npr4 SroM ycJroBHH rrapaMer- Pacqer cpe4nefi cKopocru Ha ocHoBaHHHonbrroB npo-
    pbr a, lg n unn lg q onpeae- H3BoAr4Tcsno Qoptrlynau:
    JIqroTcf HenocpeAcTBeHHono a) B ycnoBaffx ecrecrBeHnofo rroToKa
    rpa$nxar'r (ct't. Qrar. 14-19 :14-21). L
    t ft-,:
    ,U ; (14-31)
    Hapnay c yAeJIbHbIMBoAonorJIoIrIeHHeMrlo pe3ynbra-
    TI
    TaM onbITHbIx garuerannfi MoxHo onpeAeJIHTbraKx(e Be-
    nuquHy xoe$Qnuneuta Qu;rsrpa[nn (no rer',r xce Sopt'ty- 6) npu onutuofi orKarrKeu3 coBeprrreHHoftcKBax(HHbI
    JraM, qro AJrfi onbrrHbrx orKaqeK c gauesoft s Ha Il).
    4. Ha.nHebI BoAbI B ITTYPQbI ( , 3 - , ? ) t nL
    Harnsbr BoAbr B Eyp+bl npoll3BoArrcx Arq u3yqeHus Ka: ', ( 1 4- 3 2 )
    BOAOnpOHr.rqaeMocrH HeBoAoHocHbIxnopoA.
    2LhT
    Onuru tto HaJrHBy BoAbI B ruypQH BbInoJIHsIorcs
    pa3JII{qHbIM MeroAaM, HarIpHMep, _ 6o.rr4upena tre Ka - xoeQQuuHeHT cKoposrn ts Ilopax, paeutrfi aefi-
    ilo
    (tpnr. 14-22,a1 u Hecrepoaa (Qur. 14-22,6\. cTBHTeJIbH,Oft qpe.Asefi CKOpOCTII IIOTOKa npll
    Pacqer roeSQuuuenra Qrnnrrpaunn no AaHHbIM HanH- rpaAHeHTe I, paBHoM eAr.rHuqe,B nlcgrrcu;
    BoB B luypQbr npousBoAl.Ircs IIo Soptrlyne: I - paccrofHue MelI(Ay IIycKoBoft n Ha6lnAarelr-
    Hofi cKBa)KHHaMfiB ili
    (14-30) T - npo4oJr)Kr{Te.rrbnocrbB cyrKax xoAa coJrr.r urtl
    KpacKH Mex{Jly cKBax{I,IHaMH,OnpeAeJlseMaff no
    rpueofi I.IsMeHeHI{sKoHIIeHTpaIruu B ua6.urcAa-
    ")0m Eofunpo6o0a te.nlsofi nupa6orxe. A.trs floryqeHHfi 3anaca
    npu pacqere ct(opocrn BpeMn T IIpHHHMaerctt
    Ha MOMeHT nOSBJIeHHgIIHAHKaTOpa B cKBa-
    XHHC;
    12- paccroflHr,re Aannnefi (nycxonoft) na6.nro,u,a-
    reluHofi cKBax{HHbIoT lleHTpanbHofi B utl
    11- paccroflHl{e 6.nr.rxnefi Ha6JIIoAaTeJIbHoficKBa-
    )I{HHbI B i+ti
    Lh - pa3Hocrb yponueft B ua6.nrcAateJlbHbIxcKBa-
    }I(HHAX B 'T.

    flDuraeqaHHe. l. Ecln SanycKHHJLHKaropn a p o H 3 B o i I H T c sB


    na6aroiare.nb.'yro cKBax(HHy H yraBrHBaercq e qeHrpaauHoi'l. To B
    Qopuyae (14-32) BerHr{HHa /1 flBJIe€rcr palnyco-M Quastpa ueHrpanb-
    ioR ckaa)i(unur, a alr-pa3Hocrt,Io ypoaHeft s tta6arcllareausoft H ueHr-
    paannofi cKBa)KHHax. 2.- Oopr'ryra (i4-32) BbIBe.r.eHa .u,nr HanopH"I-{:-
    Qua 14-22. Cxeua onumuu.)c Hartuoor oodbt a wypSot irouufr. B neuanopubrx Borax oua Moxer [pHMeHRTbcn npu 3narIHrerb-
    4 - no MeroAy EolAupeaa; 6 - no Mero,u,yHecrepona Hoft l{oqHoctn soAonocsoro ropttsoHTa.
    f1E
    'rkr'
    TJIABA qETbIPHATU]ATAfl . HH)I<EHEPHO..EONOTHqECRH
    E HsbICKAHHII
    125,

    . KosQQnqueurcKopocru(, onpeAeJrflercsrar{xe no 2 p.*%r,


    Qopuyne:
    K /' ( l4-BB)
    ,Kr A
    n
    rAe_n- nopucrocrb_nopoA,
    K - roee$uuuenr Su.ntrpaunu.
    Hves ne.nuuunyr(p , MoxHo onpeae.rrr.ns
    AeficrsuTeJrb- 301
    HYIO CPEAHIOIO CKOPOCTb ABH)KCHHq BOAbI B NOPAX I{ TPC.
    -
    IuHHax s nrc6ofi ToqKe o6.nacrn eu.tnrpaquu:
    V:Kol ( 14-34)
    I'Ae y - cKopocrb .['BlrxeHHs BoAtr B [opax H Tpeulr]Hax
    B r4fCyrKu;
    1- rpa4ueHr noroKa.

    I4_8. NOJIEBbIE HCtIbITAHI4fl OH3HKO-


    @uz. 14-24. [pafiurc aaru-
    MEXAHHqECKUX pBOACTB I-PyHTOB cu.rdocmu
    S:/rp) Ha onum-
    HUX HA?pJr3Ka.x
    flo.[esue onLrrbr no H3yqeHHro eusuxo-vrexaHHqecK'x
    ,;, csoficrs rpyHToB npoH-s,BoAqTcn
    ,iir He[ocpeAcrBeHHo Ha ]rtla-
    i+. crKax coopyxeuufi. Kaxanfi orrbrr AoJr)r(eH orBeqarb pasMep qBrflerc.ff crarAaprsuu).
    !i;,1

    !-'#. onpeAe.neuuofi texnuqecxofi gaAaqe, ycraHaBflHBaeMofi B VcraHoexa A"1q npoBe_


    'dAF
    w AeH-r,rflHarpy3oK noKa3alra ua Qur. I4-_ZB.
    s"#: rpoqecce npoeKTHpoBaHHfl.B npaKTHKe HHx(eHepHo_reo_
    .^Harpy_gxa Ha, uraMn npolraBoAuTcfl cryneuflMrr
    JIOrHqecKHxH3nrcxauHft B ocHoBHoM npoBoltsrcq Asa rH- (0,2-0,5-1,0-1,5-2,5
    #H rcelcuz) Ao Aocrux(eHus npe-
    na noneBbrx oflbrroB no H3yqeHHro
    QUanxo-vrexaHHqecKr{x Ae.nnuoft Harpy3KH, npn xoropofi npoucxoAuT Bhrnr{paHue
    ceoficrs rpynroB: 1) npo6ntre Harpysrffi B ruypQax u rpyHTa vJnr o6pasonanue rpeulan c pe3KHM cKaqKoM B
    +:'- cKBax(r.rHax, 2) HcflbrraHHq conpoTnBreHHq r.pyHToB Bo3pacraHnu ocaAKH 14 A,nure.nssofi ocaAxofi, nporeKaro-
    J
    CABHTV.
    i!"r'. . ureft rrpHMepHo c oAnHaxosofi cKopocrbro.
    ,,1: B 6"Aeno"r* cJyrraflx B noJreBbrx ycfloBxqx npoz3Bo- Peaynlrarrr npo6ulrx 1rarpy3oK B ruypQax o6pa6aru-
    Atrcff TanKe cneuHanbHbre 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHbIe HccJreAo-
    ri
    ;i.'.
    BaHHff: BbrBerpnBaHnfl uruuucrbrx
    KoTJroBaHax, mypQax),
    nopoA (n onbrrHbrx
    Balorcq cJreAyrotunrrlo6pasou.
    ,.1.
    llo-
    .rpl$.uKy 3aBHcHMocrH oca,uKH or narpy3KH
    <<rrJrbrByqecru> [ecKoB, TeMnepa_ (Qur. 14-24) ycraHaBrrHBaror npe.ueJr nponopuHoHarrb-
    rypuoro pexnMa rpyHToB u gereufifi nyqeHr.rq u ocaAoK
    *.' HOCTHMelrqy ocaAKaMH V .Harpy3KaMn Ans AaHHoro
    i!'
    rpyHToB npu 3.aMep3aHHH lr orrar.rBanuu (n pafionax Beq_
    IIITAMNA.
    uori naeps.rroru)
    H Ap. 3asprcurtaocrbocaAKH oT Harpy3Kr.rB rrpeAe.naxnponop-
    ,;
    ;,;: uHosanbHocTHBbrpaxaeTcs ypaBHeHHeM:
    f+,' 1. Ilpo6Hbre Hanpysr{nrrrraMnoM
    !!t:
    S:c(p-p;,\, (r4-35)
    I1',' llpo6Htre HarpysKr.r B orKpbrrhrx ruyp$ax ilpoasBoArr_
    &'9,^, rAe S-ocaAxa
    i r ' c'I Ha rrrraMnhr nnoqaAbro b 000 r.r.nul0 000 cnz (nepnsrft rxraMna B c.tot;
    p - y.(eJlbHoe AaBJIeHHeIIa urTaMrr B rcefcuz;
    ,i;.. li
    po u s - napaMeTpbr, onpeAeJrreMbre r{3 rpaQuxa
    &.j,.r . Qar. 14-24 (c : ctg a ).
    #k
    2. VcragasauBaercfl r{oAynb Ae$opruaqnn rpyHra:

    E : qP!- ( r4-36)
    s '
    rAe E-uo4y.rrr B rcelcnz;
    AeQopr'laqu1a
    P - no.nuoe AaBJIeHHe Ha [rraMn, BbIBBaBIrIee ocaA-
    Ky,_ B K2; npHHHMaercs B npeAenax npsMoJrH-
    uefiuoro yqacrxa rpaSuxa;
    S -ocaA xa e crr;

    (t4-37)

    rAe p.- xosQQuuneur 6oxosoro pacurHpeHuff rpyHTa,


    paeutrri Ars necKoB 0,29, Aitfl rJrHH 0,42;
    ^F- nrouta.q,s uralvrna s c*t2:
    c - nonpasoqHsrfi roe$eHuneur, yunrunarcurnfi
    pa3JrHqHeaeeopMa[r{ft npn HcnbrraHHH Ha
    @uz. 14-23. Cxeaa ucnumaHuu noBepxHocrn (n uryp$ax) u Ha r.ny6une (a
    ?pyHma. onumHu.ttu Ha?pJ3Kail,u cxnaxnHe).
    e wypfiax 3uaseHus ft H c AaHbr B ra6n. 14-17.
    PA3IIEJI BTOPON. HCCJTEnoBAHHtT.
    426 H3bICKAHI.Ifl, I' H,\PON OTH q ECKH E PACIT ET'I

    Ta6ttuqa 14-17
    3HaqeHHc xoeQ$rqnenroBk u a

    cDuz. I1-26. Cxena ucnbrmanuti zpynmr Ha cdsue

    M: & (t4-38)
    Sr'
    T*7urz
    a TaroKe no pa3Hocru Sr_Sn,
    rA€ J 3- nOJIHaff OCaAKa OnbITHOfO
    IIITAMNA,NOC.IIC 3AM AqIBAHHff
    ;
    SH - OCaAKa IUTaMIIa AO gaMar{fi-
    BAHHff.
    flpu M>S 14 Ss
    - !" )3 cr: (anq
    IIIraMna nJroilIaAbroS 000 cril2) nopo_
    Quz. 14-25. Aa oqeHHBaercfi KaK MaKponopHCTafr,,
    Cxeua ucnu- o6naAarcuras npocaAorrnbrMH csoficr_
    manud ?pyH- BAMI{.
    ma onum+u_ flpo6nlre Harpy3r{H Ailfl ucrrbrraHzff
    ,tu Ha?pyo_ c)KHMaeMocrH nopoA Ha .nyO""u^
    gA.tuIUI crcBa- -A,UarurerpOrr,r
    il;- @uz. 14-27. I-paSurc aalucu.ttocmu
    r.I3BOAqTCsB CKBilril.rHax r:f(p\
    ctcuHax B2S Jwrt co rrrral\drroM,AuaMeTp KoTo- no ucnumaHufl.ilr rua cdauz
    poro paBeu 2Zl iln, (n.norqa.qr

    - cxerrra,.ru"ou*nuof,'"t#ku'brx HarpysoKB cKBa,xHHax c- c4ellne{He, nony_qaeMoe KaK oTpeSoK,


    oTce_
    J,aHa Ha Sur. 14-25. xaeuufi uparvrofi Ha nepruxa"rrt"oa' oa",
    O6pa6orxa pesynbraToB npo6nnrx flarpy3oK ,B rcefcuz' B
    cKBaxH-
    .,.,JAX BCAETC' NO YKA3AHHSM, I{3JIO]KCHHbIM BEIIIIC.
    tg g- xosseuuueHrrpenr.rs;
    9 -yTon Earc,roHa npruofi K oca a6cqrEcc;
    p - BepTr.rKaJrbHafl Harpysr(a n rczfctt2.
    2. VlcnuTaHfiq Ha corpornBJrenr{e rpyHToB JaBI{CHMOCTI-'
    cABHry uann{-urvrucTb r ::f(orf (p)(p) MOX(eT 6urru flonyqeHa rIpH
    n o c r o q H H o I i B e J I I , I q H H e H I vroe_Q0uUnenra
    Ko36rhuilrreHrqrr^nu^T^^h''
    Hcuuraxur rpyHroB Ha conpoTr{B.rreHnecABHry B [o.rre- ropucrocrn e
    HnH BJraxnocrn &, (rn. l E, n. lb_g).
    Bbrx .ycnoBHflx trpoHsBoAsrcq
    *o*or""-fr"- -cttz)
    oorro.oio
    (c nnorqa4rn cABHra "u.q,
    nopflAxa 600
    !:3Mepa Heno- l4-9.
    cpeAcrBeHrlo B ruypQax, KorJroBarrax JIAEOPATOPHbIE I,ICCJIEAOBAHHfl
    v Apyrux ropHhrx
    eupa6otxax.
    H3 ycranoB-oK AJrrr npoBeAeHufl HcnbrraHnft
    ^^94"u
    3ala noxa-
    ua Snr. 14_26.
    pe3yJrbrare noJr,eBbrx acnstlargrtl
    rpaQux 3aBr{cuMocrrr conpoTuBnegufl_rpyHToB cocraBrfl,ercq
    eeputxanrHofi Harpysr(r{ ({ur. cABHry or
    14_27):'ipu*."". Koro_
    poro Mox<er 6urs nnpaxeHo:

    ( l 4 -39)
    rr4e r - cAB'raro;.
    #jrJ'*1rn ,
    HIABA '] ETbI P ITA,\I,IIATAfl. H HT(EH EPHO-TEOJIOTHq ECKI4 E 143bICI{AH I4'T
    427
    Ta6au4a I4-18
    Cocran HccJreAoBaHnfi ropHsrx flopoA

    fopHnre nopor,br,
    Bu.u.r'r u c c,re.a.ogau nfi flpouanonlrr*rbre onpele,le Hrrrr noJ.BeprarcruHecq fIonY'rae r.rr,renoKa 3arerH
    HCCTEJIOBAHHCM

    f I a r e o s r o J r o fn q e c K H e C o c r a s Q a y H n r u Q a o p r , r, Oca,aoquue nopoAbr I-lepeveuu (cenreficrno, poA,


    nbrJlbqeBofiaHa.nHe p a 3 r H r { H o r oc o c T a B a BHn) OKaMeHerbrx opraHnqe-
    C K H XO C T a T K O B ( X n n O r U U X H
    pacTHreJrbHbrx)

    f ler por paQ nue c x u e I-lpocr,rorpru.trnQoB


    no.4 14seepxeHHbre, oca- MnHepanorzqecrr.lfi cocraB
    H MHHepaJlOruqecKHe MHKpOCKOnOM, MHHepaJrOfH- A O q H b r eH M e T a M O p Q H - H crpyKrypa nopoAbr
    qCCKIIfi AHAJIH3 qecKHe ilopoAbr

    XHun'tecrne Baaosofi xnunqecrnfi aHa- OcaAoqsbre nopoAbr liepeuenr co.u,epxaquxcfl B


    J I H 3 , x u M n q e c r n f t a H a J I H 3o r - p a 3 J I 1q4H O | O C O C T a B a , n o p o A e X H M H q e c K H xK o M n o -
    ,lI,€r'IbHblX KOMnOHeHTOB' aHa- qaue-coAepxau{He H e H T o BH p a c r B o p H M b r xc o a e f t
    JII,T3 BOII.HbIX H CONqHOKHCJIhIX BOAHOpaCTBOpHII bre COnH
    B bIT'I }KCK

    cDHsr.Iro-il,texaHH qe- cDugptxo-ruexaHHqecK He Ocaroqsne. npeHMy- Cv. r.t. 15


    cKHe (recirexunqecKHe) c B o f tc r B a n o p o A : r p a H y n o M e r - [ l e c T B e H H o H e c K a J Ib H b r e
    puuecrnfi cocTaB, ecrecrBeH- nopoAbil: cBq3Hbre H He-
    sEfl, BNAXHOCTb,YA€NbHbIfiH CBflSHbIC
    o6reuuurfi Beca, BoAorrposu-
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    c x H M a e M o c r b ( x o r v r n p e c cH o H -
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    JICHHE CABHTY

    Bo.loycroftqHeocrs Quguqecras u xuMuqecKafl OcaEotrHtre cKaJIbHbre IpenuyurecrB eH HoKaqecr -


    croftxocrb rlopoll: orlblrr,r Ha H HeCKaJIbHEIenOpOAbI B e H H b r e x a p a r ( T e p r . r c T H KAHn q
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    Jla6oparopHbre r{cgleAoBaHr{fl ropHbrx nopga BbrnoJr- Ta6.,tuqa14-19


    gfloTcfl Ha Bcex craArlflx HSbIcKaHHfitt uuercT KoMnneKc-
    BuIu xr{MuqecKnx aHaJrH3oBBoAbr
    unfi xapaKrep.
    Cocras gccneAoBaur{fi roprrbrx flopoA yKasag B ta6t. Onpeaelre Mbre KoMnoHeHTbl
    l4-18.
    flolHurfi aHaJtH3. BbrnorHsercs
    Ans xapanrepucruKr{ xr.rMr.rqecKorococraBa BoAbr npo- au6opo.rno tlrfi ocHoBHbrx
    H3BoAffrcff cJreAyroqfie aHaJrr.rsbr(ct'r. Ta6r. 14-19). THNOB BOJI. BHqBJIEHHbIXHA
    ArpeccHBHoe BJrr.rffHr.re
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    onpeaeaenari
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    qecce HfparcT cy.ntQaru; Hanpr{Mep, nepexoA HsBecrH B
    runc, o6pasoeaune ,qsofiHofi cepHoxncnofi coJru anioMu- Cl' soi; HCoi(npn C l ' -; S O i ;r H C O3' ;
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    .L{?-eKg aHHOHOB H Ka-
    H O6O6IqeHHrtp$yJIbTaToB xHMI{qecKHx aHaJIH3oBcJIeAyeT pH; cyxoir ocraror; .a
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    npu6nuxenHofi oqeHKH BoAbr Mo)KHo norbgoBarbcq ra6.n. BAEHlt
    o6uIas xecrro cr u) , z
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    PASAEil BTOPOW. HccJIEIoBAHnfl' HsblcKAHHfl , flI,\PoIornqEcKHE pAc.tETbl
    428

    Ta6ttu4a 14-20 t4-10. noHcKr{ H PA3BEAKA


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    HageaHHe xnMHqeckoro Colepxanne xHMHqecKoro


    KOMTIOHEHTA KOMnOHeHTa,npH r(oTopoM BO.4a
    gBrsercc arpeccunuoft

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    parIHH BOAOpOAHbTX xecrKocrn Menee 24 rpay,.
    aonon pH B 3aBucuMocra oT craAHH ugnrcraHrar?ycraHaBJrHBaror_
    H M e H e e 6 .,7- n p l B peMerr- cq KaTeropu[ SanacoB cTpoI{TeJIbHbIx
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    cu nHaaCO , CIH OT COOTHOTIICHHfl HOHOB

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    Houu SO; Bo.ree300-500 ueln

    Eo.nee5 000 aeln (npn co-


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    replr(aHnnSOi ao 1000 uel.,t) pe3yJrbraraM aHaJrH3oBH UCnUranufi npo6, oro6panurrx
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    rroB rpuBoAurcff e ra6r. 14-22.

    Ta6ttu4a I4-21
    Cxeua AeJIeHHflgaflacoB noJre3HblxncronaeMbrx

    HaasaHHe
    xareropufi CreneHr H3yqeHHocrn Mecropox.u,enufi rarofi c'rarut H Hx(euepHo-reoJIornqecKIrx
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    Kareroplu C Kaqecreo Marepuana ycraHaBnHBaercs no or,uenb- PerorsocrlupoBorlnsre H3brcKa-


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    pa3uoB.
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    u s y r r e H H ge c T e c l B e H H b I XH p e A K U X L t C K y C C T r , e n g uox6 -
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    6orn
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    no KonHqecrBa npo6
    TJIABA ITETbIPHATIIATAfl. H H )KEH EPH O.TEON
    OTH q E CKH E HSbICKAHHfl
    429
    Ifpodontrcenue ra6n. 14_21
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    Kareropun B K a q e c r e o M a r e p u a n a y c r a H a B J r H B a e r c fn l yreM na6o_


    paropHoro H3yqeHHR r A i l f i , { H U Xn p o 6 . 3 a n a c u K o J r H q e c r -
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    Ta6ttu4a 14-22 Texguqecxue


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    PA7{IEJI BTOPON. HCCJIET,OBAHHfl, HSbICMHHfl , rH,A,POJIOTHqECKHE PACIIETb]
    430
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    Qa fi rr.raporpaQnqecxofi cerr4; o6ulaq xapaKTepHcrHKa To B. BbrBoAax AoJrxHo 6um AaHo pa3Beprryroe cono-
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    nr.{ToJrorHrrecKar v r.rHxeHepHo-reoJroIHqecKafl xaparffe- OnHcanue Kax{Aoro yqacrKa r.rJrJrrocrpr{pyercfl Tono-
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    A) reorvrop$oflofzq ra $asnxo-FeoJroruqecKr4e sBJreHr.rs.- AoqHbrx nupa6orox n ra6.uuqauu la6oparopHbrx aHaJrH-
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    no vtx reororuqecKoMy coAepx(aHwo, ycJroBnsM o6paso-
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    14
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    14_14. OTTIETHbIE AOKYMEHTbI H,rrlKeHep_
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    C. U. Muruua). IV-IV - n p u @ : r"ty:fr 9 =-c,9x;
    i , 4 %i ; V - V _- n; ;p; L t a: g) 'i .l -=t7s .g4, %
    u 14,3ot;
    -
    4%: ; V rt -_irt
    npv Ie = 23,3%
    TJIABA NflTHAXUATAfl. AH3HKO.MEXAHI4qECKHE CBONCTBA TPYHTOB
    439
    Kporue nprrBeAeHHoro MeroAa otrpeAereHuq conpoTnB- Ke/saa2
    neHHfi cBfl3Hbrx rpyHToB cABHry cyqecrByer Apyrofr Me- Cp

    To4, npeAJrox(euuufi H. H. Macroerrr\,r H ocHoeaHnufi Ha q2


    HcnbrraHun HeAoynJrorHeurrbrx o6paauoa rpyHTa c,Snxca-
    quefi nJrorHocrn- BJrax(Hocrtr rpyHTa B goHe 'cgnura
    rrocJre npoBeAeHnr orbrra. flo eroMy MeroAy cpes ocy-
    uIecTBIfleTCq npH paSHbrx Hafpy3Kax nocJre paSlnrrHoro
    BpeMeHH BbrcrarrBaHHflo6pasua ttoA HarpysKaMn. B pe-
    3yJIbTaTe npoBeAeHHs yKasaHH6rx orrblToB MOX(HOnO-
    crpoHrb KpHBbre gaBrrct.rMocrur :f (a) nJrfr pa3JruqHbrx
    guaqeuufi BeJrHrrHHbr nepruxannuofi Hafpy3KH p H r :I(p)
    gnaqesnfi nJrornocru - BJralKHocrHrpyH-
    nJIfr. pa3^JrlrqHbrx
    Ta a. OAsaxo npoqecc cABr.ra He4oynnoruenubrx o6pas- @uz. 15-8. Saaucu-tutocmb cr4enrteHufr. npu pas-
    uoB npeAcraBJrser co6ofi sBJreHHeBecbMa cJro)Kuoe,u l.nfl pbrse csfl,sHozo?pyHma ruapyweruuort. cmpyKmypbl
    rrrnpoKoro ero npzMeHeHur rpe6yroTcq Aaatuefiruae yroq- npu cmeneHu BnailcHocmu G: I om omHowe-
    H_gyul r paspa6orra pflna BonpocoB MeToAr.rKH onbrroB . Hufr ele, (dtn ?pyHmol c e": 0,6 -- 2,1)
    (H. A. I{nrosur,e t19l).
    I-I - rpyHrc e, - 0,6;II-il -rpyHr c." - 1,1;Iil-III-
    Vr"urr BnyrpeuHero rpeHrfi AJrfl necqarrbrx rpyHToB B r P Y H rc e r : 2 , 1
    3ABHCHMOCTH OT I{PYNHOCTI,I LI IIJIOTHOCTE H3MCHSIOTCq B
    cooTBercrBHr.rc BeJrr.rqurraMrr,
    yKasaHHbrMHs ta6i[. 15-12
    (no AaHHbrM HHLA ocHoeanr.rfi u SyiraanaenroB,A. E. flonn- Be.nn.{r,rHacqenJrenHfl rtpu pa3pbrBe Afiq rpyHToB c
    IUr.rH 14 C. 14. Cuse.tsquxos). BJra>KHocrbro,. 6Jrprerofi K rpaHr{rle reKyrrecru rD:(D rt
    Molr(er 6nrn npu6.nuxeuuo onpeAeJreua no $oprray.ue:
    Ta1nuqa I5-12 0 1 4
    Cp = 6?,'crvtz, ( 15-23)
    **
    Vr.lu BHyrpenHero rpenr{fl [ecqaHbrx rpyHToB
    IAe dao- AIIaMeTp B t.tn TaKI{x qacTr.r[, MeHbrxe KOTO-
    pbrx B rpyHre r.rveercs8070 no Becy (onpeAe-
    KosQSn- Buau n e c r o B H B e J T H q H H byIr J r o B Jrrercff no rpueofi rpaHyJroMerpnqecKoroco-
    uueHTbI 9 B rpan.
    nopHcro- crana).
    CTH E
    15-10. KO9OOI,IUHEFIT yIJIOTH EHVtfl

    0.7 38 35 I(osQSuur.lern ynJroTHeHr.iflrpyHToB B HHrepBaJre pr3-


    o:6 4l 38 M,eHeHHrrB€pTr.rKaJrbtrbrxflafpy3oK oT Beflr.IrrHHbIp n_l
    0:5 43 40 AO pn BbrpalKaeTcgQoprr,ry.rrofi:
    en-l- Ett
    I

    n p H y e J_a H u e. Cpe.u,uee rba.Eparuqrroe orx.roHeHHe


    n _ +
    (r5-24)
    u b r x d r a 6 a . i s - t 2 - s H a , r e H u f ty r n o B B H y r p e H ' e r or p e ' l l f f Pn - P n - t '
    t2Tlu"erun-
    rAe En_l il En -xosQQurrHeHrbr iloplrcrocrr rpyH-
    I5 _ 9. CO NP O T I I B J Ifl EMOC T bT P YH T O B P A3P bIB Y Ta npl.{ HarpysKaxPn_t u P n.

    / -p : / (, l. . ; e \
    L
    \
    - r ll
    E ,

    @uz. I5-9. BaeucuuocmtKoe&fiutlueHma


    ynllomuevutrcsnsHo?o?pyHma om teoe$su_
    queHma nopucmocmu u ?paHuqu pqc$amu\a_
    Hun ldnn ?pyHmo| c epanuqed pac$dmusa_
    Hufr,@p-5-+ 35; a-a cnLlrce)
    PA?IEfl BTOPAW. IICCJIEIOBAHHfl, nSbICKAHHfl , \H,\7OJIO\HEECKHE pAC.tETbl
    440

    @uz. 15-I I. KoanpeccuoHHafl


    Kpusannpocadoauo?o
    ?pyHma npu 7a.M.AqUSAHUU

    P*7*z
    KaK .Urs ocuoeHofi BerBr{ HarpygKr.r,TaK H 4;in nereu pas_
    @uz. 15-10. OmuocumertbHafl saoucu.iltocmb Ko-n- rpysKu (na6yxauua), a raxxd E AJrfl.roc/e,u,vrorltux Ber-
    npeccuoHHux Kpusom dnn cLflsHbtN?pyHmos HapyweH-
    Hort cmpyflnypbt npu cmeneHu 64aacHocmu C: I
    a n 6 - coorBercrBeHHo .nngrpyHToBB cocroflHnu,6Jtuarottr
    rpaHHqeTeKyqecTH pacKarblBaHl'lfl
    lI fpaHHq,e xoogQnuueHranopr{crocrr.r(Sur. tS-f ty tlgl; yqacroK
    I-I - rpyHr c e, - 0,6 --0,9; II-II - rpylrr c .T : 1'2 ;1,8; ab coorBercrBy€r r.r3MeH,ernro
    rosQ$Hrlhei{ri nbp"""oo"tn
    IU-III - rpyar c .r - 2,1 +2,5 Arfl. o6pa3qa HeHapyueHHoficrpyxrypd (6ee salracHea-
    uur), yqacroK bc xapaKrepusyercxaurfoo6paeuufinepe-
    xoA crpyKTypbrB HoBoe, 6o.nee ycroflurnoe cocrosHKe
    AJrrr AaHHbrx BHerrrHlrxycnonufi (npn ea\raqnBaHHV), yqa_
    3saqeuns KooQQHuHeHroB nopacrocrn rpyHTa Hapy- croK cd' coorsercrByer KoMnpeccuon"ofoy ynJrorHeHHFo
    IrrerrHori H HeHapymeHHoficrpyKrypbr npH pasrHrrHbrx rpyHra nocJre qacrHqHoro Hnv noJrrroro
    Beprr{KanbHbrx Harpy3Kax Moryr 6um olpeAeJrenbr B \uapyruenua ero
    crpyrffypbr.
    KoMnpeccuoHHbrxnpu6opaxl. Ornoureuue o6teua MaKponop rpyHra K o6'teuy
    I(oaQQHuHeHr ynJrorHeHHff B saBHcHMocrr.ror ecrecr- ero cKerrera ro IO. M. A6e.neny HasbtBaerca xoaQ$uurl-
    BeHHOft nOpilCTOCTH O6paSUOn e H rpaHr4Ubr pacKarbrBa- eHrtoM Mar(ponop]tcTocTr,r.
    Hr{s &r p HsM€Hfiercfl corJracHo rpasHKy Ha Qur. 15-9 flpocaAoqHocrb rpyHroB Dnonpu 3aAaHHOMAaB.rrenHHp
    I5], cociaereHHoMy Ha ocHoBe crarr{crnqecxofi o6paSor- onpe4€nnercfl no $opuy.rle:
    KH fla6oparopHbrx r{crbrraHufi o6paaqon (4. E.
    florsuaH, C. H. Cuue.nuuqnxoe, M. VI. fop6yuon- h-h'
    lloca4on).
    vnn - (15-27)
    ho
    Ha Qnr. 15-10 npuBeAeHbrorHocr{reJrbHbre3aBHcHMo-
    cru KoMnpeccuoHubrxKpHBbrx .ler : I(p), no AaHHbrM rle h -Bblcora c ecrecrBeusofi BJra)r(HocrblonocJre o6-
    B. C. Hcrouunoft, Ans HeKoropbrx rpyHroB HapyuenHofi x{arr4fi iiarpysxoft p 6es Bo3MoxHocru 6oxosoro
    crpytffypbr npr4 noJrHoMBanonHeHHHnop no4ofi (G: l), p a c r u H p e H H; f
    upuqeM BepxHHeKp_HBbre (yuacrra a) oruocrrct K rpyH- h' - nrtcota roro )Ke o6pagqa npu ToM x<e AaBJre-
    TaM B cocrosHun, 6.nngxou K rpanuue reKyrrecrn, a En)K- , HLIHp rrocJre3aMaqEBaHHfl;
    BHe (yracma 6\ B cocroflrrnu, 6JrHsro.MK rpaHlue pac- ft6- nucora o6pasua c ecrecTBeHnofi BJraxHocrbro,
    KarblBaHrrg. flo ocu opAHHar orJrolKeHbI orHorrreHr{fl Ko- o6xaroro 6ee mogrvroxHocTu60XoSOrO paCUHpe-
    sQQnuueuta flopncrocrl{ nptn saAaHHoM cocroflHra e K Hr,tfl.[aBJreHHeM, paBHbrMnpHpoAHoMy.
    xoaQQnuueury nopHcrocrr{ np14 rpaHHr.le reKyqecrn €r, . IIo H. fl. .[eur.rcony MaKponopucrecrb rpyHra Moxer
    a no ocu a6cqncc orJrox{eHhr BepruKaJrbHbreHarpysKr.rp. 6urr xapartepNsosaHa xoeSSuqaeHroM npocaAorrnocrrr,
    B KoMnpeccuouHbrxKpnBbrx, nocrpoeHHbrxB KooprLI,Ha- onpeAeJrseMoMBbrpaxeHHeM
    Tax e :f(p), HMeer Mecro paBeucrBo AJrff xax4ofi rls e+

    KoMnpeccnoHHbrxgaBr{cuMocrefi : h
    &npoc -
    _ '
    , (r5-28)
    ez_t * apn_r: en* apn: A, (15-25)
    rAe €r - xoaQ$r.rqrEenrnopHcrocrr{ np}r rpauHrle rer(y-
    qCCTH;
    rAe A-uocroffHHaff BeJrHqHHa.
    _ . _l t<oo60nqueHrriopricrocru rrpflpo.[HororpyHra.
    Paneucrna (15-24\ u (15-25) Moryr 6mrr Hso6pa- . flo H. fl. fleuucony- nEccoeHAHLrerpyHrbr r.rMeror
    >I(eHbrB cneAyrouleM BHAe: fttpo" (1.

    En_r- €n: d (p"- Pn_t). (15-26)


    15-I1. KOSO(DI,IUHEHT
    3ta saBucr.rMocrb (aaxon ynJrorHeHnff fpyuroB tl8]) E OK OB OTOA A B JI E H H fl
    upunox(HMa Anfl Bcex BerBefi KoMnpeccuoHHbrxKpHBbrx,
    (oeQQuuueHr 6orosoro AaBneHHffrpyHTa Moxer 6urr
    onpeAeneHnyreM BbrAeprHBaHHqsa,qoxeHHbrxB rpyHT
    -^-Ha yHneepcanlrroMnpn6ope A. A. HuqnfiopoBr.rr{a,Ha npu6ope
    H. M. Jluruaoea n ,u,p. MeTaJIJrr{qecKHx JreHT B BepTnKaJrbHoM fi fopHSoHTaJrbHoI{
    \
    : TJIABA NflTHA,qIIATAfl. AHSHKO. MEXAHHqECKHE CBONCTBA TPYHTOB
    441
    g_arpaB.!9Huffx H B cnerluanbHbrx ttpu6opax (nanpunaep, Molr(er 9".ff onpeAeneHno ra6.l. l5-tg
    H. H. Macrroea tl4l). (H. H. Eoro_
    c.noecxnft[2]) HrrH no eoprvry.ne(lb_80) . noa""r"osxoft
    xosQQnuuenraynJrorHenr{ra ue rpaSuxa
    6ur. l5_g.
    llpH HCnoJrb3oBaHHH rpaor.rxa Qur. l5-g seo6xoAHrrro

    Anfl uecKon | : 0,35-0,42i


    AJIfl cyrnr.rnron € :0,50-0,70;
    A J I Rr J I H H E : 0 , 7 0 - 0 , 7 5 . I5-I3. TIE P E IIE H bOC H OB H bIX TP Y HTO BbI X
    flo AasuuM HccleAosaHr.{fiV. B. Oe.uopoea u M. B. Ma- X A P A K TE PH C THK
    JIbrIueBa xoeQSuuueur 6oxoeoro AaBneHHfl f necqauux Ta6nuqa 15-14
    IpyHTOB yBeJrHr{HBaeTcs c yMeHbrueHHeMnJTOTHOCTH
    rpyH_
    T8' a cBs3HbIx rpyHToB yBeJlHqHBaercfl c yBeJILIqeHueM
    BJraxHocrH u yMeHbuJeHHeM CrpyxrypHoft npoqHocTil Bnau rpyuroa, o6aa.u,arcrqux
    rpyHra. cooTBeTcTByrOtuuMHxapa(Te-
    pHcrHKaMH Hanuesonannexap aKTeprlcruK
    ts_rz. MOAyJrb AEOOPMATIH
    H

    Bce nn4n rpyHroB V.u.eJuHurfisec


    O6reunmft sec
    Koe$QnuneHr $n.rrrr-
    PauI',H
    KoaQSnqr{eHrbr[Iyacco-
    Ha u 6oroBoro ,[aBneHHfl
    Moay.rru .ueQopuaur.rr,r
    unr{ Molynb ynpyrocTH
    Monyn" 4e$opruaqnu rpyHroB
    X n u n q e c r u fci o c r a e

    \ Brasr rpynron Molvar aeQopnaaqnu Bce Br,{.[br rpyHToB,


    E B KelcJltz K p o M e c K a n b H b r x 1 4r r o -
    rycKaJrbHbrxl Koa$SuureHr rperrr,rfl
    A. KpynHoo6,roMoq- cuenJIeHI4e
    HbrerpyHTbr
    1. f panuf i H r a J rb ra fplnru KPlrnHoo6.no- V ro.n ecre cr BeHHor o
    650-540 MOqHbIe H necqaHbre
    2. [ le6enn oTK OC a
    650-290
    3. npecea 420-140
    . fpynrur ilecqaEbre u l0 Braxuocrt
    CpeaHeft TJIHHHCTbIC
    E. IlecqaHbre rpyErbr Ilaorsste
    IIflOTHOCTH n Kos{-,@HqnerrrbrnopH-
    1. flecox. xpynnufi il rpaBe. CTOCTH U YNJIOTHCHl4fl ,
    a u c r u f i ( H e 3 a B H c t i M oo r
    BNA)I(HOCTH} 480
    2. flecor ip"ar"n r{pynHo- 360
    fpyurm uH uucruea t2 lpauraqu IIJIacrnrlHocrH
    CTIC 420 310
    3 . llec ox M enr ( H fi :
    a) cyxofi 360 250
    f p y H r u c K a J r b H b rH
    e rro- l3 Bo.u,ouacuu,eHHe
    6) n"rraxuufi N Hacbruren- nycKanbHbre t4 Tsepg,ocrl
    nufi noaofi . 310 190 l5 f l p e a e . t rn p o q H o c r H n p H
    4 . llec or nulena rtrfi : cxarlauB
    a) cyxofi 210 175 16 Moposoctofirocrr
    6) r.naxnr,rfi . 175 140 t7 flpounocrb npH yAape
    n) nacuuleuuur? eoAofi r40 90 1B M n r p o c x o n H r r e cK a f l
    5. Cynect: (urar.r$r,r)
    a) cYxas r60 t25
    6; n.laxHan t25 SO
    B ) H a c b r u { e H H a sn o . u o f t. 90 50
    B. f.nrHncrhre B reep,rov l B n.nacrnvnou
    fpyrrrbr cocrosHutr coctoauur.r
    I
    1 . fruHa sso-lco I 160-40
    2 Cyrluuor Seo-160 | 160-40
    PA3uEJI BTo p o rt. HCc n ELo B AH H fl , H g blc K AH H fl rH,q po JI
    412 , o rH q EKHE p Ac c trETbr

    T 5 _ I 4 . O P HE H T I IP O B O q H b I H TIEPEIIEHb
    OCHOBHbIXTPYHTOBbIXXAPAKTEPHCTHK,
    onPEAEJrfl
    EMbrXOnbrTHbtMNYTETV1
    NPH NPOEKTI,IPOBAHHH
    FI,IAPOCOOPYXEHHH
    (B Hacroaqefi ra6.nr.rueyKasaHbrtsoMepa xapaKrepHcrHK coruracHo nepeqHro e
    ra6r. 15-14)

    Ta6nu4a I5-15

    I l- rI
    II 1- 3; 6-il 6-8; t0-l
    III - 3 ; 6 - 7 ; 9 - 1 0l1l -13-;3 ;O - 8 ; t 0 - l
    IV 'r0;
    | - 2 ; 7 ; 9 - 1 0 | | - 2 ; Z; t2

    Tex Huqec r nf i I l-6; 13-18 t-2; l-9


    n poeK T l-8; l0-12
    II 1-6; 13-15;18 1 - 9 . 6; 13-18 1-9 l-8; l0- 12
    III 1-6; 13-15 1 - r - 6; 13-17 l-3; 6-9 l-3; 6-B; l0-l
    IV l-3; 6; 13-15 l-2; 6; 13-17 l-3;6-9 l-3; 6-8; l0-l
    np IrMe'ttuns' 1. xrorlrreoncrtktrrak-po-[o-ptrcrElrrpy{Tos (koeQo-sqseHrErMaKporropHcrocr[
    r orEoc[TerbEoi npocarotrsocrn) x rooo{-
    qd_1_"_.]
    'irr''..riccirs
    ';i
    iJj",#1J3*i'#"[ifJ#:,"n:l:::;""9j*"*r**"*r""**i::*.i:i:.iJt
    "r,?:;""i,iil"Ir:?ff:*"ro 3araxns
    u rex'".rec*oro
    npoexra
    coopvxexni
    rr ;r 5i;;ilt;;-"#;;?'1, ;""!""'rf"#i , x.racca,
    _r.iri*r-rd;,a;ril;;;"fi;;;.!H!ft i;1'"?"
    2)_npn
    '"1"1!1
    2' Eptr cocraB'eEtt -yrorxexur Da6oTux qeDrexefi-on-drtgy--.nl
    -co9l!:lclllpgll j-"y y9"yr olpetrengrbcs re ,(e xapaftT€pncrur<r, qro n trplr cocraBreHnr rexHrqe-
    c
    A99-1II9: _ue-asro
    "*olo't uIIbIrHHe olDereneH&s xaDakreo{crt{K rpy[ToB ocHoBaHri lapaxrepircrat' xi oqearuhrx yqacrkax coopyx€srfi.
    p a s t a x c n e a a p y u r 6 x a o f ic r p y K r i p o f t . ' ruaporexnn.recxux co-opyxeHni oi_juriiiurlrorct no ,os Hocrr na oo-

    JI14TEPATYPA
    l . A n . u ,D H a H o e f I . H . , C n n s a u u a f lB o n a [ o q B H r p y H r o B , T p y a s r
    Hucrr'rvra- u'epsaorose.reHr.rq'uu.B. A. b6;il;;;liri,' ilii. Axaaeuun
    nayx CCCP, tD4O.
    2. Eof ocloBcKnfi H . H . , O c H o u a u u l u S y u . l a r , a e H r nl o, c -
    crpoftusaar, 1917.
    3 . F e o r e x u u r c a ,K a u a ; r M o c x s a - B o r r a , I - o c c r p o f i n s . n a r1. 9 4 0 .
    4. I epceBaHoBH. IU. n flol6urun^
    cKHe ocHoBbIMexaHITKI'r n. E.,'TeoperNve_
    rpyHToBH I'Ix npaKTHr{ecKue'upnueuenur,loc-
    crpoftHsaar, 1948.
    H .{ u n o p o-g-I-l_-t: A., Conporxeleuue cBrr3nbrx
    ^__!5.Hnpt{ rp.vnroB
    f aoHp_ 6? r, H
    o^ c H!o: B
    yHos-noca.[os M . H . , E a a x u Hn n ' r b r H a y n p y r o M cIBHry pacqerer[,qpoTexHHt{ecKr.rx coopyxenuftna ycrofivils'ocro,
    M a, u c r p o f i a e a a r , 1 9 4 9 . Crpoirns.uar, tg+8.
    6. rocT 5179-49. FpyHru. Meroa aa6oparopuono onpereneHHfl 16.Hopr'lur,rrexH'r{ecxr{e
    BJIAXHOCTH.
    ycnoBngnpoeKTnpoBaHr,Ifi
    ecrecrBeHHblx
    ocHoeaHufi nDorrbruneHHbrx H npaxaaHcixx s4annfr a coopyxeunfi
    7. focr 5l8l-49- fpynr'. Meroa aa6oparopnoro orpe.reneH,s
    (Hu.TVi-48) (2-e usaaHne, tgb0j'-
    y,a,enbHoroBeca.
    1 7 . n p H r ( n o H c r x f i B . . A . , l pr Jy u" t' o e e l e u u e . q . , l . I g 4 g . ; q . I I
    8. FOCT 5182-49.ipyHru. Mero.u,ula6oparopuoro onpenerreHuq 1 -9 5 2 . f o c i e o n t s n . a r .
    o6reuuoro Beca. 18. CrpoureJrbHble HopMbr H [paBHJra; l. II, J.oc. H3,u,arenbcrBo rHre_
    - 9- focr 518849. fpynru. Mero.u, aa6oparopncnc orpe^eneHuq par.y^pbt_nocrponrenbcrBy -A.,
    rpaHHUbI p acI(aTbtBaHI4g. u apxurerrype,
    'MexaHa-xa 1g54.
    10. rocT 5184-49. fpyHru. Mero.u, aa6oparopnoro orpe.u,eJre,'d'fl c r B 19. U ur r o B H ,{ H. rpyHToB, foc. Hsrare,tb-
    o nHreparypbr tto crpoHrenbcrBy H apxuiexrype, 1951.
    r p a H H U bT
    r eKyqecTH.
    PA7,A,EJI TPETI4T4

    IIAAPOTEXHIALIECKIAE
    COOPY}KEHl4ff
    r J I A B A I I IE C T H A I I U A T A f l

    BOAOXPAHI4JIHIqA

    16-1. THnbI BOAOXPAHIIJIHITI 3. Kpunue rlJlorqa4efi v o6teuon


    V I U X O C H O B H b I EX A P A K T E P H C T H K H BOAOxpaHI{JIHUI

    1. Tunn BoAoxpaHI{JIHIrl OcttosHofi xapaKTepu'cruaKofiqa[Ifl BqA,oxp,aH'HJIHula flB-


    Jrsercr 3aBucuMocrl nnouraAefi 3epxan F u o6teuos V or
    ypoenefi Bo.u,brB BoAoxpanuruule i'l (0m. 16-l).
    OcHosHbnu runoM Bo,(oxpaHnJlnul qBJlslorcx I{cKyccrBeH-
    Hbre BoAoeMbr,o6paayervrbrenyreM nperpax(Aellns peqnblx fl"noutann 3epKaJIa y,cra'HaBJII{Balorcfl[IyreM frIJIaHI{Mer-
    pHpoBaHHfl ropnsonranefi Ha ronorpa$HrlecKux Kaprax.
    AoJTHH[JrorHHaMu. flpurrrepoM Moryr cny]KHTb BoAoxpaHH-
    Jruura sa Bo.nre, Aony, !,uenpe H ApyrHX peKax. HuorAa Macrura6 Kapr 14 ceqeHl{e penre$a AoJIx(HbI6rtrl BbI-
    B BoAoxpaHH.IIuUa, 6paHu c -v*ceroM seo6xoAl.luocru HaAilex(aulero oto6pa-
    ecTecTBeHHbreosepa npeBpaulaloTcg
    )rieHr,rff lrsMeHeHLIfi n.noutaAefi B IIpeAeIIax 30HbI sarorlJle-
    KorAa 6nus HcroKa peK, BblTeKaloulux H3 o3ep, coopyx(a-
    rorcff rnApoy3Jrbl, peryJlHpyloque nocTynJleHue pacxoAoB uufr. flpu Bblcore noAnopa 10-20 ru i(aprbl trlacruta6a
    BOAbr B peKy. I : 10 000, i : 25 000 c cerreHl{eM pelre(pa qepe3 l-5 n
    o6nrqrio Aalor AocraroqHylo ror{Hocrb.
    Oruocure.nruo ue6o.nnurue BoAoxpaHHJII,rulaMoryr 6nrr
    coSAaHbr B I{cKyccTBeHHbIX BbIeMKaXHJII{ B eCTeCTBeHHbIX flpu 6oree BbIcoKoM no.4tlope- 30-50 7L Lr BbI[e -
    noHnxeHnnx pe.nreQa cyIIrH, a raK)Ke nyreM o6eaflosaHHq Mox(Ho HcnoJlb3oBarb Kaprbl uracrura6a 1 : 25 000,
    onpeAereHnofi reppnropnl4 U2, 26). 1 :50 000 c ceqeHueMpurre$a qepe3 2,5; 5; l0 a. Als
    npeabapllre.lbHblx npoeKrHblx npopa6orox (rexuuxo-exo-
    Honuqecxufi aox;raa) AonycKaercfi Hc,rIoJIb3'oBaHHe Kapr
    6o.nee &IeJIKI{x Macuira,6oB, qeM yKa3aHHbIe BbI[Ie.
    2. HagHa.reHne BoAoxpaHHJIHITI
    O6teu Bo.(oxpaHuJll'rilranoAcqHTblBaercs nyreM nocJle-
    AoBaTeJIbHOTO CyMMHpoBaHI{t O6seNaOsOTAeJIbHbIX cJIOeB,
    Ile;rn ycrrp,oficma BoAoxpaHI{JII{ur oocrol{T,B flIepepac- 3 K.IITTICHHbIX MCXAY ABYM'I CMCXHbIMI{ TOPI'I3OHTAJIflMI'I
    nrpe,AeJreHiHH Bo,BpeMeH,E np,urexaroulefi K BoAoxpaHI{JIfi- (Qur. 16-2). O6lerra c.roq BoAbI (uanpurraep, AVr-z)
    rqy BoAbr B cooTBercTBrll:H c rp'e6onauuflMl-I BoAo[IoJIb3O,Ba-
    re.refi. o[IpeAeJIs,€TCE rl'o QoPtrtY.ne:
    3ra qeJrb Aocruraercfl nyreM perynupoBaHufl croKa,
    Koropoe o6uquo 3aKJlloqaercr E SaAep,x(aHur4' s Bo-lloxpa- 1
    .Hr{Jrurrlax qacru ,u.urEscefi [p{4TeKalouefi E,CIAltB ,rlep'uottrbl AV11-z)-_ _3t ( ' t1r +{ n r, +nr)Lh1t-21. (16-1)
    natsoAKoB lI pacxorAprBa'Hl{,Huaronaessofi BoIu Bo BpeMf
    .MeX(eH'H. d
    pecypcaMl{ BoAoxpaHI{nHIrIanpo-
    Vnpan.nenue BoAHbrMr.r
    HSBOAHTCff nyTeM nJIaHOMepHOTO H3IUeHeHHq oTKpbITHq
    BoAoflpofiycKHblx ornepcrnfi v coorBercrBeHHo BeJIHqHHbI
    ilponycKaeMoro qepe3 Hr.rxpacxoAa, qeM AocrHraercfl Tpe-
    6yeuoe 3anoJIHeHHeHJru oflopoxHeHue eMKocTHBoAoxpa-
    HHJIHura.BoAoxpanuanula Moryr cJIy)KI.ITb Ans cua6xeHnfl
    soAofi norpe6nreleft rar [I3 BepxHefo, TaK I{ }I3 HHxIIero
    6reSa.
    BoAoxpanHJll{ura co3Aalorcq B I'tHTepecaxpaSBHTHscJIe-
    AyIourHX orpac.nefi HapoAHoro xosqficrsa: rHApo3Hepreru- V wnnJ
    KH, cyAoxoAcrBa, flecocnJlaBa, opoueHng, soAocHa6xe-
    HLtl., o6soAHeHug, pu6uoro xosqficrga, a ral{xe AJIn
    6ops6u c HaBoAHeHHsMH.
    B CosetcxoN,t Corose B ycJIoBHflx nJIaHoBoro coqfia- @uz. 16-1. Kpuaotesarucurrocmunttoryadert
    nHcruqecKoro xosqficraa 6o.nuurue BoAoxpaHH.rIfiurS,KaK sep0an u o1nenoa aodoxpaturlut4& Om !po6-
    [paBHJIO, flBfiflIOTCq KOMIIJIeKCHbIMH, T. e. C-[y)Kar OAHO-
    Heu 800bt
    ,epeU'eHuo fiHTepeCaM HeCKOnbKIaX pa3JIHqHbIX OrpaClefi H-ypornn Bo.ubl;V - o6telau no.u.u;F - rnoualn
    3EDKAJI
    xo3sfi,crBa [2, 8, l2].
    Ha,pq.u,Horo
    PA7EEJI TPETHN. THTPOTEXHH'IECKHE COOPWKEHHfl
    446
    Tafttuqa 16-I

    Oruerrn
    ypoBHeft ,,+{E, Fi+t * Fi+t BHcota cnoq
    Lh:H.,.-H. O6reu BoJloxpa-
    BO,ltbl B
    Bo.noxpa-
    llTF;
    s KJ'rI 3
    t+L
    B X
    t O 6 r e u c . n o cA V
    B t,tnH. ,tg
    HHIHula 7 s rtaH.,[3

    Hnauur6 H B.Kl.,T'
    BTI

    0,07 0,35
    0,97 I ,96 10,15
    10,2 12,33 7l ,80
    3 2 ,1 33,63 239,95
    5 6 .3 56.97 524,80
    84,33 946,45
    101,9

    H3.nox<eHnoM clloco6e flocrpoeHI{r xpunofi o6l-


    flpn
    npeAnoJlaraeTcfi' qro ypoBeHb BOAbI
    eMoB BOAOXpaHI,IJIIIqa
    B BoAoxpaHHJIHule ropl'I3oHTaJIeH. E n'rxo cr H, coorBer-
    crByloutte ropHsoHTaabHoMy noJIolKeHI'Irc ypoBHt BoAbI'
    HOCST Ha3BaHHe c T a T r'r q e c K H x. ctarnqecxne e\{KOcTH
    MO>KHOpaCcMaTpLiBaTbKaKAOCTaTOrrHoToqHbIexapaKTe-
    pHcrHKIt o6tel{oe BoAbI B BoAoxpaHI{JIHule B Tex cJlyrlafix'
    xorlaBHcoTanoAnopa3HaqHTeJIbHoIIpeBbI[IaeTail{nJIH.
    peKe' Ha
    TyAy ecrecTBeHHbIX KOre6aHHfi ypoBHfl BOAbI B
    KOTOpofi co3AaErcff BOAOXpaHI',IJII{Ule-
    Ec"rn xe Bblcora fioAnopa He HaMHoro npeBocroAuT
    ecrecrBeHHblx KOre6aHHfi yponueft BOAbI B
    aMrrr'rHTyAy
    6onee
    peKe, To AJIfl yroqHeHuq o6leMoe BoAoxpaHI{'TIHura
    co,craBJ'IfiTb XarpaKTepHCTI'IKI4O6lella c vqeTOM
    upaezrrlHo
    (xp'ueoii no':nopa) B
    ;;;;;;; oBo6o.4Holl nonepxnocrn
    (crra.Sur' 16-8]
    'Taxas 0o"4" illApoysrla
    ;;p;";;
    -Taxas - - -"-
    xapaKTepncrl{Ka HocHT
    xapaKTepI{crI{Ka HocHT Ha3BaIrHe KpHBoH'[' H H a-
    Ha3Balrue KpHBoH
    @uz. 16-2. Cxe-ua noActtema o6teuoe
    o6teuoe M r . [ q e c K L I xo 6 r e M o B BoAoxp aHHnnua'
    sodoxPaqultut4a xpHeoft Auiauuqecxux o6lel{oe
    A.ns flocrpoeHus
    ueo6xoAIEuo npu paBHbIx ypoBHsx BoAbI y
    (S"i. 16-9)-'nocrpoutr
    ri.i*tn"ot f/ KpHBbIe noAropa Arq pasrucHblx
    Ilpnuenaercq TaIoKe MeIIee roqnafl $optrlyna: pacxoAoBnpllroKa A (cu. r.n. 2)'
    t ,
    a,v6-2):; (nt +nr) Lhs-z), (16-l')

    rAe F1 u Fz-[JIoIqaAH 3epKaJI BoAbI Ha -AByx cMex(-


    HbIx YPoBHsr noAnoPa Hr u Hzi
    Lh(t-r)-Bblcora cJIorBoAbI itvte)ttAY ypoulrf'MI4
    Hr u Hz.
    O6urufi o6leu BoAoxpaHtrrrr4r\aV paeeu:
    n
    V _ X AV;,

    tle rL - qHcJIo cJIOeB.


    llp,n'uep BbIrrucfleH,HE,KloopAI'IHar
    BoAoxpaHHJIHura - or ypoeneft Bo.[,bI
    16-1.
    C nosHureHueM ypoBun BoAbI s eoAoxPaHHJIHlue3aroll-
    -nOapacraet, MJ
    JIgeMag nJIouIaAb npll gTOi\{ KpI'IBafl nJIOUla-
    ,u,efi sepraJl 'B 'or
    3a:EHcI'IMo,cr,Ii 'rouQ'u:rlpal{'H}1 npJIHHbI 'Mo-
    Oue'paan'un
    x(eT rltrM€TbHenp,a'BI'IJIbHbIe (c neperu6auu).; sa-
    @uz. 16-3. Kpuaote datauuqecrcux ofoenoa
    u"a"*o.to o6tbrraos BoAoxpa'r,rJr'ula ot yponneil o6rtqso sodo)cPalt'uJtut4a
    xapaKrepH3yercfi nnaBHoft KpHBOfi.
    tt

    i TJIABA IIIECTHAT,UATAfl. BOIIOXPAHHJIHI4A


    447
    6r,eQ BoAoxpaHuJruula MexAy crBopoM nJIorHHbr H crBo- e) fopueour ileprsozo o6teua (fMO) - HaHH,HsuHfi
    poM B KOHqe BOAOXpaHHJIHUIa, paCnOnOXeHHbrM BHe IIOA- ypoBeHb ,BoAbr,Ao KoToporo AorrycKaeTcsouopoxHeHr.re
    fropa, paSAeJrflercg Ha pfl,u, yqacrKoB. BOAOXpaHHJrHrrla.
    Ann KaxAoro yqacrKa crpouTcfl KpHBas ctafi{.Iecxplx z) ITottnoui o6'aeu eodoxpauuttut4a V - o6teM, saKJrro-
    etrnxocreft. IIo rpunoli noAnopa, orseqarcueft pacxoAy ,renHrIft Me)KAy AHoM BoAoxpauHJrr{ula r{ sepKaJroM BoAbr
    npr'rroKa Q u ornaerKe noAflopa y nnoruHbr //, ycranau.nu- Ha orMerKe H[f.
    Barorcfl ypoBHH BoAu B cepelr.tHe orAeabHbrx yqacrKoB H 0) [Ionesuoui (pa6ouurt) o6zeu oodoxpauultut4a Vn-
    coorBercrByrourue arHM ypoBHflM craruqecxne o6reuu no o6reu, sarnrcqeHnlrr? Me)KAy gepKanaMr.IBoAbr Ha qrMer-
    yqacrKaM. CyrrrrrnasTHx o6reuon npr,rHHMaercs pannofi Kax HtIf H fMO.
    eMKocrH BoAoxpaur,rnuula V npn AaHHoM oqepraHnu flonegHufi o6teu HcnoJrb3yercs rJrfl rleJreft peryJrr{po-
    cso6oAHofi nonepxHocrrr BoAbr, T. €. npu AaHHwx Q u // BAHHfl CTOKa nyTeM nepHoAHSeCKOrO Onopolr(HeHr.rsH nO-
    y nJrorHHbr. O6rerram BoAoxpaHnnturra npu oAHoM sHaqe- cJreAyroqero 3 anoJrHeHHs BoAoxpaHr,rJr
    r{ula.
    uuu Q, Ho npu pa3Hbrx .I/ y n.uoruHbr AaroT Bo3MoxHocrb e) Mepraoui o6oen eodoxpanunut4a V M- o6teur, sa-
    {rocrpouTb KpHByro o6telaos BoAoxpaHuar{ula npu pacxoAe rcnrcqenHuft Me)KAy AHoM u sepKaJroM BoAu Ha orMerKe
    npuroxa Q. fMO. 3rcr o6re'u [peAHa3HarreH.4rs ron4epxaHfls He-
    CeMeficrso raKHX Kpr{Bbrx o6reMon, nocrpoeHHbrx npfi o6xoA'umnx MHHI,IMarbHbrx yponuefi BoAbr H orJroxeHr{fl
    p a 3 H b l x 3 H a q e H u q xQ , f l B J r f l e r c fxl a p a K T e p u c r n x o f i HaHTOCOB B BOAOXpaHTHJIiHil{e.
    I r r H a M r . r q e c K H xo 6 t e M o B B o A o x p a H r . r n u u l a . crc) O6oen Qopcupoarcu (pesepeuan errrcocrb) V6 -
    I(pnnaa npu Q : 0 fl.BJrfl,ercfl. xp1reofi crar'qecKux o6's- o6relr Bo,qoxpaHvJrnfira Mex{Ay sepKaJraMu BoAbr Ha or-
    eMoB BOAOXpaHHJTHU{a. rMerKax HlIf H Of, ucnoJrb3yeunfi A.ns cHnx(eH,r{fi(cp,es-
    IIpu cosAaHr{H BoAoxpaHHJrHulaBor(pyr Hero rroBbr- x,u) 6oururrnx rIoJIorBo.nHbIx
    I{.tH [aBorKo,BbIX,p?,cXo4,oB.
    ulaercq ypoBeHb fpyHroBbrx BoA 14 o6paeyercfl AonoJrHH- s) OruocurelxbHofl eilKocrb eo)oxpanunuule U2, 261
    TeJrbHo r'pyuTa'Boe Bogoxpananlrqe. B o6nr.Inbrx ycJloBnflx, xapal<repusyerct xoaSQHrIHerrroM eMKocrr{ BoAoxpaHH-
    KaK npaBHJIo, oHo B pacrrerax noJle3Hofi euxoctu He yrlt,t- JII{UIA:

    ' : -!!.
    rnnaercn [12].
    B
    wo'
    4. XapaKrepnbre ypoBHH H eMKocrH rAe Vt-noJle3Haq eMKocrb;
    BOAOXpaHI{JII{uIa Wo -cpeAnufi uuoro.nernuficroK.
    (Snr. 16-4) PEXHM
    16-2. TH A P OJTOTH qE C K H TA
    BOAOXPAH HJIH IIIA
    a) Hopnattonatrt nodnoprnui eopuaoHr (Hnf) - HaLI-
    snculrfi ypoBeHb BoAbr e eoAoxpaHr4Jruure,ilpnMeHn- CoaAaHHe noAnopa H o6pasonauHe BoAoxpaHE,'IIiula
    TeJrbHo K r{oTopoMy paccqr.rTaHbrcoopyxeHHrr ruApoysra Bbr3brBaror IIo cpaBHeHHn c 6utosutltlt ycaoBI,IflMI{ cJIe-
    c yrieToM HopMaJrbHbrx3a[acoB Ha.u,exHocrH.npeAycMar- AYrOUIlreOCHOBHbTe H3MeHeHHfiB peX(HMe BOAOTOKa:
    pHBaeMbrx TexHr.rqecKHMH ]c-/rorBIISMH. Hnf flBJlsercfi a) ilepepacflpeAeJlegne croKa Bo BpeMeHH, B cBr3I{ c
    eax{HefiruHr,r napaMerpoM, onpeAeJrsiouurrr KaK noKa3a- qeM yMeHbuarorcfl noJIoBoAHbIeuilv naBoAKoBbIeH yBe-
    TeJrH pa6oru BoAoxpaHHJIHIrla,TaK H pa3Mepbr coopvx<e- JrnrluBarorcfi Me)KeHHHe pacxoAbl peKLI (ctnr. HH>re,
    unfi, saton.nenufi v :r-afluraJlbliblx a,to>KeHufi B crpouTeJlb- n. 16-a);
    CTBO rHApoysJra *r BOAOXpaHLIJILIilIa. 6) ynenuveuHe BoAHoro 3epKaJIa, B cBfl3I,I c qeM croK
    6) <Dopcupooaunoui eopusoHr (Of) - ypoBeHb Bblixe pe,Kfi yMeHbluaercfl 3a cqeT noBbuII,eHHoR] Ircna,peHr{F c Ao-
    Hflf, Ao Koroporo BpeMeHHo AonycKaerct sanoJlgegue uonugreltgofi nrJroula,lu 3epKara;
    BOAOXpaHr,rJrr{ulaB nepHOA nponycKa LICKJIIOqI{TeJIbHO n) noBbrrrreHne ypoeneft BoAbI H ItgMeIIeHHe rny6Hu B
    MHoroBoAHbrx naBoAKoB (upeenuuafinue ycJIoBHfl sKc- np eAgrr ax BoAoxp aHHJII{ula ;
    n.rryarauun). r) yueururenue cxopocrefi TerieHllfi B BepxHeM 6le$e
    THAPOY3AA, TITO NPHBO,4I,ITK BbINAACHI{IOHCKOTOPOfiqACTH
    HalrocoB, SaIIoJIHeHHIO HMH qaCTH eMKOCTI'IBOAOXpaHHJIIIUIa
    r{ pa3MbIEy py-qa B HHxHeM 6ne,$e rl{Apoy3,rla;
    A) B HeKoropblx cnyqaflx 6o.nee pauHee saMep3aul'Ie
    Lr 6o"ree noBAHee BcKpbITHe peKI{ B npeAeJlax BoAoxpaHI{'
    JiHIqa;
    e) rrorBbIIIreHHe B or.r,eJlbuEre nep'Eo.rbl BpeMeH'Ir KoIIqeH-
    TparIHH COUeft B 'BqAe BO|AOXpaHIHJIHUIa.

    t. llorepu BoAbI rz.s BoAoxpaHHJIrIura


    Iloreprl Bo.r,bl Hg BoAoxpaHI'IJIHula cKJIaAbIBarorcfl Lr3
    norepb Ha -4o{IoJIHI{TeiIbH'o,eHcttapeHH'e, Quartpaquro vI
    o6pasonaHHeJIeAflHoro IIoKpoBa.
    a) ilorepu eodot uc dono.oHurenbHoeucnapeHue I{MeIor
    MercToB cflyqae Qo,3.4?HI{ffBOAOXpaHHJIHITIa re pafioHe, IrA€
    ucnapeHr{e c soAuoIZ noBepxHocru npeBbl[iaer I'Icnapeuue
    c cyirrr4 (n,x.nrouaaTpaHcllupaquro).
    O6re,v norepb B Ter{eHue roAa Ha AonoJIHHTeJIbHoe
    HcrlapeHue MolKer 6uru noAct{HTaHno Qoptvty.ne:
    @uz. 16-4. XaparcryepHbteyposHu u ofoeuot Vr"n: (hu - h") (F.p." - f), (16-3)
    SO0OXpAHU/lUUte
    Of - Qopu.rpooaunutii ropnaont; Hflf - Hopualrnufi [o,u,nop- rAe Vr"n-o6teu croKa, tepneulrft B TerIeHHe roAa
    uorft ropra-eonr;fMO - ropuoonr MeprBono o6teua; 1zn- uo- Ha Aono.rrHHTeJrbHoe HcnapeHl{e;
    legsrrft o6reu Bo/loxpaHunuura;V" - ueproufi o6leu Bo.r.oxpa- ft"- roAonofi cJIofi HcnapeHufl c noAuofi noBepx'
    Hnnllua; l,'6-o6leu QoPcuPonrn HOCTIT;
    -.

    PASNET TPETNN. F|4IIPOTEXHHIIECKHE COOPWKEIIHfl


    448
    hc-roAoBofi c.rofi HcnaPeHHfl c cYuH;
    F.p.r - cpeAHsfl [noula4b 3epKaJIa BoAoxpaufinl{Itra
    3a .nepHoA ucnapeHl{fl;
    t - unoula,u,b 3€prK?JIa ncrroKa ts 6uloe6lx yc-
    JIOBHgX.
    Ilonyuennufi ro $oplrly.ne (16-3) odlerrl noTepb BbI-
    quTaeTcs I{3 o6r'eua croKa, noAcqHTaHHoro Anfl crBopa
    rHApoy3JIa, co3Aaloulero BoAoxpaHHJIHIrle-
    MeTqln- oflrpe.[eJleHfifi BerHtrI{H hs u hc IIpMBqAffTcs B
    rur. 13. <Due.16-6. Ocedatwe aoda na 6epeeax
    B ceBepnblx rr ueHTpanbHblxo6.nacrsx Enponeficxofi aodoxpanunuula
    qacrH Co-rosaCCP, rAe 3HaqeHHlo6oux sIlAoB Hcnape- / - aeasuoftnoKpoB;2 - uencnoamyer*rufr
    o6leu lt.u,a
    H\lfl 6ruaxu Apyr K Apyry, IIorepH' BbI3BaHHbIe
    Aonoa-
    6) Ilorepu aodot us eodoxpatturtut4a Ha Qunorpaqurc
    cnaraloTcs:
    I ) ua Su.rrnrpauun qepe3 .Ilox(e u 6epera BoAoxpaHH-
    nnua s o6xoA coopy)Keuufi rt'tgp'oyala;
    2) us Sn.nnrpauuu qepes HenrlotHocrn B co'opyxelrHqx
    rr4rApoy3na.
    florepu BoAbI rlep$ Jlox(e u 6epera BoAoxpaHHJII{ul
    Hurrr{rqn a$$exra ux Pa6oru. cJreAyer yquTblBarb no AaHHbIM Cne[flaJIbHbIXrHAporeo-
    ro[oBble cJIoH l{cnape-
    ilppr pacqerax BoAoxpaHHJII'Iu, JroruqecKux uccneAosaHllfi (crrl. rn. l8).
    paBHbIM}II'Ix cpeAue-
    nun'h"'vr hc o6utqno npI'IHI{MaIor yKagaHnblx AaHHbIx norepu Ha
    flpu orcyrcrBull
    MHOTOJIeTHeMy3HaqeHHIO.
    yBJIaxHeHHa npu Hailvqvt4 $n.rrurpauulo Moryr 6rtrl npl{Hsrbl - tto aHaJIorHH c nore-
    .{,nr pafioHoB Heycrofiqusoro pflMH B CyqecrByIoIIIHx prnr[ npoeKrl{pyeMblx coopyx{e-
    ornocsrenrso 6o.nruroft nloulaAH 3epKaJIa BOAOXpaHHJIHUIa HHqx, HaxoAsulHxcs B cxoAHblx rHApofeoJlorHqecKHxyc-
    u;ud6prito np""HMatrb n pacueiax 3Haq'e'HHi 1" vr hc
    JIOBHgX.
    Ara6Qepei46poBar{HbrM' B cooTBercTB[IH c Mereop,oJlor'q'e- B n'paKTur{e soroxosnllcreeHnono upoelrrl{p'oBaHHfi no-
    cKHTMHAaHHbIMII:AJIfl3acyIIIJIIlBbIxJIeT-[0BbI[IeHIIbIMI4' Tepr.r Ha Qu.nstpaunrc B npeABapHTeJIbHbIX pacqerax otte-
    I,nfl Bnax(Hblx JIeT _ noHDI(eHHbIMI,I .npoTIa,B I{X cpel.He- HnBaK)rcs cKopocrblo IIOHI'I)KeHHgypOBHfl BOAbI B BO,[,O-
    MHO|OJIETHETO3HAqEHHfl. xpaHHJIHIqe, sstgrtsaeMofi Qunrrpauuefi. 3ra - cKopocrb
    AJrfl cpeAHHx feoJlorl4qecKllx yc"rronufi Moxer 6um [pI4-
    Hflra paenofi l-2 *tnf cgrrcu.
    florepr.r BoAbI Ha Sraartpauurc ucqucJlflIor B STOT{
    cJyqae rIpH cpeAHeM noJIo)KeHLIu ypoBHs BoAbI B solo-
    xpaHHJIHUle H flpHHI{MaIOT OAI{HaKOBbIMH AJrfl BCeX JIET H
    penue a;?# orpeAerlslor Iro $opuy.ne: paBHoMepHo pacrpeAeJIeHI{brMH B TeqeHHe roAa.
    PacxoArt Qu.ntTpaq'uu, KaK npaBHJIo,fio'tl,zaalor B IIHx-
    uufi 6reQ ruapoysra u nosroMy AJrr, BoJ,oilloJlb3oearelet?,
    0;3# ( 16-4)
    pacrroJroxeHHblx H'Ex(e fi4Apo,y3Jla,_ pacxol Qlulbrpal{uu He
    -hY - cnot norepb Bc'IIeAcrBI{e ff,BJrfleTcqnorepefi fi AoJIxeH npw6aennrbcfi K 3aperyJll{po-
    rAe h[cr:h| Bblcora
    BaIIHoMy IIo[ycKy sls BoAoxpaHHJII{illa (uptl orcyrcrBlll'i
    3a AaH'Hufi 'Me-
    ,4OIII|OJI,H'I'ITeJIbIIOTFO,I{CIIapeHI'Ifi S,uurnrpaqila B,oAbIB co,oBAHHe6accefinu).
    cflII; Hacuqenl{e BoAofi rpyHToB, cJlararcurux Jlox(e .Bor'oxpa-
    FM - opeAHflff nJIoIqaAb 3epKaJIa BoAoxp'aHHJIIIula I{I{JI.IAUIa (CO3'AaHI{e
    B rle'pn,o.{ ero HaIIaJIbHofo HaTIOJIH€HII'ff
    3a ,AaHHbIfi precsq 3a BblqsroM [JIoIqaAu 3ep- rplHTOEO,fOBotnoxpaHtlIUqa), BbI3bIBaeTeAHIlOBpeMeHHbie
    KaJIa noroKa e 6HrogHx ycJIoBI'Inx;
    IIOT€p,EUa sU;rlrpaqLIFO, rlre-Il'oll&,llaloxl,Hee HHXHHfi 6leQ-
    lM -,rolraqecrBo ceKyHA B AaHIIoM Mecsqe' o) llorepu eodot Ha ttodoo6pasolaHue cBq3aHbI'c He-
    pacr{eroB Iio Soprrlyne (16-4) y4o6Ho
    Pesy.rirratauu Bo3MolKgocrbro HcnoJIb3oBaHHc. JIbAa, oceBlllero Ha 6epe-
    [oJIb3OtsaTb,Cg B BI{'Ae npaQnron SaBHC}IMOCf,I{ BeJIHqI'IH rax rtpn cpa6orre Bo,ttoxpaHl4nl{ua B 3HMHee BpeMfl
    cpeAIIeMecstIHbIx pacxoAoB norepb A;p"# or ypoBHefi soAbl Qur. 16-6).
    ('-O6urufi
    B BoAoxpaHI'IJIHule H vIIr4 or o6leua 3a[oflHeHuq V o6reu norepb BoAbI BcJIeAcrBHeltroo6pa3o-
    (Srar.16-5) U2,251. II,epHoA wI OnpeaeJlgeTcg'no Qop-
    Ba:f.r4fl3a Becb gHl,[H,I,{'fi
    MyJre:
    llx
    .-9-: Wr: k^(,hn(Ft - Fr) , (16-5)
    rAe Fr - nJIouIaAb 3epI{aJIa BoAoxpaHl'Inuula B HaqaJIe
    JIeAOCTaBa B AaHHOM rOAy;
    F2 - TO X€, ilepeA BeceHHHM IIOJIOBOAbeM B AaH-
    . HOM rOAy;
    - Q,9 (o6lerraHnrfi sec ntaa) ;
    T.rr
    hn- enaueHne roJIulI{HbI JIbAa K KoHIry JlenocraBa;
    ft - xoe$$uuueur, yuilrunarcurufi rocreneHHoe Ha-
    pacraHHe ToJIuIHHbI JIeAflHOTO noKpoBa; B cJIy-
    qae paBHoMepHofo oIIopox(HeI{Hf BOAOXpaHH-
    urlcer
    Quen Jrr{ula B TeqeHHe 3uMHero nepHoAa- 5oa$Qn-
    'paBHbI'M 0,65; 3Ha-
    @uz. 16-5. Kpuaue sarucutlocmu' uLIeHT k Mor)KHo npHHflTb
    qeu,He,rooQQuu,Henra h yBeJll{quBaercff, ecJH
    nomepb Ha ucnapeHue om ypoanefr MecTo
    8o0bt s soooxpaHuJlut4e uau6o*nee HHTeHcHB'Hafi cpa6or'xa'H'Meer
    TJIABA UECTHAIUATAfl. BO.qOXPAHHJI14AA
    449

    ts r(oHqe 3IilMbI, H y'MeHb,lrlaercfl, ecJIH cpa6oTKa


    BOjloxpaH'HJIHU{a [pOH3'BqAHTCfl B HaqaJle 3HMbl
    6o.nee ,HHTeHCHBHo,qeM B KoH[e.
    florepu BcJIeAcrBHe JIbAoo6pa3oBaHHq B BHAe .cpeAHero
    'no
    pacxoAa Qn 3a Aausufi IuecfII onpeAenflIorcq oop-
    MyJr,e:

    (16-6)

    rAeFf Fy _ NJIOIIIAAH 3CPKANA BOAbI B HAqAJIC h -.-1.'>-JMo


    " KOHTIe paccMaTpHBaeMoro MecflIla; .
    -::.-9-. -
    \
    hI - cpeAHflq TOJIIrll.IHa JIbAa B TeqeHHe AaH-
    HOrO Mecq[a;
    ILl - qHCJtO CeKVHn B lvlecqile.
    f paQrnuecru (Qur. l6-7) Pac-
    xoA Ha an-loo6pa3oBaHHe B AaHHoM
    Mecflue onpeAeJlflercf KaK pa3Hocrb
    Mex(Ay pacxoAaMu Q"ry AJIn HarIaJIb-
    Horo v KoueqHor'o roPHSoHToB H
    cpa6orrn BoAoxpaHvJrr4ura3a pac-
    cuarpunaeuttfi Mecfltl.
    3fiuoftBcBfl3r.rco,ceflagfleM
    fopusonmor:
    ilbl.a Ha 6eperax rpu cPa6orxe
    flpoHCxoAxT HeKo-
    BOAOXpaHIIJIH'IIIa fatmofon
    TopOe cHH)I(eHHe YPo:BHeI'I BoAbi; non npu g0nzntteHttnM
    no1nop pa-
    0o0ox
    secHofi ocranruuficq Ha 6ePerax HUnUUe
    npu cpaflononHov
    noQnopuon,
    JIEN, TAET A COOTBCTCTBCHHO
    oror crler yBe.lluqnBaercfl o6telt
    3A
    ii 0000xF0Hunuae
    BeceHHero croKa. Koraa o6leu Bo-
    ,E,OXpaHI{JIIIIIla AOCTaTOqeH'[.JIfl 3a-
    Quz. 16- B. Kpuaae nodnopa I norloBodbe
    u .tu[euceHb
    XBATA 3HAIIHTCflbHOii qACTH iIOJIOBOA-
    Horo croKa u xoJlocrble c6Pocut H - yponnu noau; I - paccroqHllf, or crBopa IIJIoTHHbI
    [OAnOpa
    .no \lecra BbrKnHHI4BaHI4fl
    BoAbr oTCyrCTIByIoT, IIOTepH BCJIe.4-
    crBHr€ ltl,uoo6pa3oBaHLIfi SBJIflIOTCR
    @uz.16-7. Kpuaorc BpeMeHHbInrn. B cryqafix, Ko'fAa H3-
    SABUCU.I\L0CmU nO- 6rrrxs noJIoB'oAHofo cr'o'Ka c6paclt- flo.ilox<enne 'so:H,o,ft rloBepxHocr,I4 ts tsepxHeM 6le$e B
    mepb Ha ,todoo6- Balorcs 6ecloleguo qepe3 Bo.r,o- AauHufi MoMeHTilpH 3atraHHbIX onMerKe ypoBnff BoAbI y
    c6pocHue YcrPoficrea, n.orepI{ Bo- I;'IOIHHbI H paCXO.l,aX(Sur.
    pasoqaHue om ?rry' flRHTOKa OnpeAeJIfleTCq'o'r{9pTaHHHtMrH

    6uutt cpa6omrcu JIbAo'o6pasonaHaa rro4no,pHoii rparorl 16-8), pacuer . KororpofiMo'|xer


    .u,br BcJIeAcrBHe 'pa3rI4tIHbIMlI,ciloc'o6a'w;tl' (ou. fJI. 2).
    aodoxpauartat4a 6eanoaeParHbIMH. npo,nano..u,r4Tbclt
    fl BJrfllorcfl
    3a',Bl4,c'uMo'crbypoBHeft eoAnt B orAeJIbHbIX crBopax Bepx.-
    H - ropusoHrr,r
    cpa6or- B orHoIIreHI'Iuyr{era norepb cJIe-
    KH; Qn - norepra ua qro npH co3Aa- neno 6seQa oT rpacxoA'oiB ,IIprHToKz U n,OilflOp,HbIX yp'OrBrHeH
    Aler noAqepKHyrb,
    .nuaoo6pasogaHHe HI4I4 Bo.(oxpzHI4JIHrlI{ B 3acytuJlil Bbix V IJIOTIIHbI MoxeT xapaKTepfirSoBaTbcfi ceMe]IcTBoM KpM-
    esrx pacxoAoB (Qur. 16-9), &IIfl nocrpoeHHq I(dFopbIX
    patlouax (HanPu'lteP, E Kasaxcra-
    MaJIoBoAHblx I{cnOnb3yIOTCfi ypO|BHrH tsOAbI 'B AaHH'OIM CTBo'pe, a3flTbl'e &{3
    He) Ha orHocHTeJIbHo
    KprH,BbIX IIOIIIOpa.
    peKaxBoflpocoBeJIHqI{HenoTepbtsoAbII{3BoAoxpa'HuJIH. cJl'eAyer, qro, qeM BbIIrIe orMerKa 'noA-
    v I'lccJIeAoBa- VIs Qnr, 16-9
    ua nlpl{o6peraer nepBocrerleHliroe 3HaqeHHe,
    nopHoro ypoBHs y nJIorHHbI vr qeM MeHbIIre pacxoA
    HIlf c IIeJIbo srrssaeHHs BO3MOX{HbIX pa3MepoB.- II-OTepb
    n'p,Ilr\oKa, TeM 6qlslue,IIrpoBbIlII€HHre rlo,I'fl'o'pHorro yp'oB:Hq
    22)'
    AoJIxHbI 6uru upoBeAeubl oco6o rlrrareJlbHo [12, B AaHHOM CTBOpe HaA 6HtoeutM ypoBHeM BoAbI B peKe
    6reSe BoAoxpaHI{JIHIIT flpu ToM xe pa,cxoAs 6lpu4roKa; [io M'epe ytseJIfiqeHHfl pac'
    2. Vponnu BoAbIB Bepxneru xoAorB ,Ir,PI{ToKOrIpeBbIIUeHHe flOnnopgblx ypon,Hefi naA
    '6u-
    yCTa- ToBblMllI E naHHO:vt CTBOpe tlp{4 OAHOTBpOMOH-
    vponnu tsoAbr B BepxHe,M6neQe BoAOXpaHHJ'IIIUIa Y'M0HbIII?'QTCfl
    orMgrKI{ tror-
    NOEIIOPHO'IO IS- HoM'B,o3pacran,Hu a6'corlor'Hof'o 3HaqeHufi
    Ha:BJITH,BSIOTCfl B 38,B,H'CI4MO'CTJ{OT OIMCTKH
    nopHofo ypoBlrs BoAbI B paccMaTpHBa_eMOM CTBO_pe-
    hp,enmureHlte rro,rnopHbIX ypoeHefi HaA 6lIlo'sH'Mfi
    yI\leHbIIIaeTcs TaKXe no Mepe yAaneHl{s pacCMaTpHBaeMoro
    crBopa or uIoitHHbI 1{ ts pafroiue BbI'ruI,IlHaBaH,Hs noAfiopa
    craHoBLITcfi 6nHsxHI\,I K HY"{rc.
    9eru nsiure o'TNterKa fopllSorHTa y ,nJIorHHbl H rIe'M 'MeHb-
    ue yK.lIOHbI nOTBepXHOCTHB'orAbI ,H IlpI{ToqHble pdCXO'!,bI'
    TeM AaJIbIUe OT UIOTIITHbI MC'CTO BbIrKJllI{HHBzHHf nqAflOpa
    (Qur. l 6-8).
    Kor- C.[eAosareJlbHo, iioAnopa'
    sau6olluree pacnpocrpaHeHHe
    IIo rrrepe onopoxHeHur BoAoxpaHHJIHluaB MexeHb' yAaJIeHHe M,€'cra eno BbITI,H,HHBaHHfior
    B IIpeJ'e- T. e. sau6olblllee
    ra pacxo.f,bl 'npI'IToKa se6o.nlurn€, ]'porBHH Bq'x'bl rIJrorHHbI, na6;lto.:,aercg ts Hr{3KyIo Mex{'eHb (n uepuo4 or-
    rax BoAoxpaHuJIHIUaIIoHI{XaIOTCtI'
    29 aax. t25
    PA7IIEJI TPET'HI,I, T H'IPOTEXHHqECKHE COOPY}KEHH'I
    450
    CosAaHr.re BoAoxpaIIIIJII{ura Ha peKax c Ae$opMI'Ipyrc-
    UIHMCfl pycJIoM [pl{BoAHr ral()Ke K Hapac;aHIIIo nepeKa-
    ToB, pacn,oJIo)KeHHblx'B par?oHe BblKrHHuBaHHq'rIo.[.nopa,
    qro npno6peraer BaxHoe 3HaqeHHe AJITI cyAoxoAcrBa. B
    rrepHoA noJIoBoAbtI B 3oHe BbIKJII'lHtIBaHlIflnoAnopa rpe6euu
    fleper{aroB npl{ npoxox{Ael{IIII BbIcoKIIX BO.I, IIOBbItUaeTCq
    TaK I{e, Kali Il B ecTecTBel{Iiblx yc'ioBI{qx; Ha cnaAe )Ke
    no,'roBoAbfl noAnop npIlocTaHaBJIHBaeT pa3N{bIB ilepeliaToB
    ll7 npH noeHI-I]eHUOfi npOTI'IB 6StrOsllx ycJ-IoBlI:Ii OTMerKe
    l/6 rpedun.

    tt 4.,Il{eprBbrfi o6beM BoAoxpaHI4JIt{uIa


    //4 MeprBoro o6leua l/n, a
    VcraHosnerrueueo6xoAt'ttrloro
    TaKXe pa3l,',IepoB B03Mox!{oro yMerlbrueHIIt{ nonegsofi
    l/, eMr(ocrrr V n (n cnnst't c ord'IolKeHrle\I 6onee Kpy[Hbix Ha-
    //z HocoB n nepxuet? qacrn BoAoxpaHII'[lIula Bblirie orMerKI'I
    fMO) npou3BoAHrca MeroAatuI{ reopllu pycJIoBbIx ilpo-
    4 ueccon [29].
    otipe.qeJeHIIs Heo6xoAttiraoro
    Ang'npeABapi{Te.iibHofo
    MeprBofo o6reua I\{o)KHo rlpeA[cilox(I1Tb, qro Becb rBep-
    AHfi CTOK peKr.I ocTaHercq B npeAeJrax BoAoxpaHHJII,IUla.
    B gToM cJlyuae tueprnltti o6'seu Vr'r AoJIX€u 6ltrn 6o'ul-
    IIIHIU 1g.il;g- paBgbl\( O6tevry HaHOCOB, oTJ'Iox(HBIItHXCfl B
    Quz. 16-9. Kpuaorc sarucuJtroanu. pacxo- BOAOXpaHIT,'IHIiie B TeqeHHe 3a4aBaeluoro cpolia c'nyx6u
    doa om zopusoHntos s cttlsope sblwe nrtonxuHbL BoAoxpaHnnLn\a I net, t. e.

    .qo Hnf BoAoxpaHHJI}I-


    v,,:f"Yt r, (ro-z)
    it * +)-',?u.n.o'.,]
    KpblToto pycJla) npH 3anoJIHeHHoM L'[: \
    u{e.
    rAe p - cpeAHefoAoBaq MyrHocrb peKH;
    B gHMHHx ycJloBnttx HeKoropoe Ao[oJIHI'lTeJIbHoe noAHs-
    no'.f.Ilopa 'Mo-
    T,L,Iey'poBlrefi sornt 'e p,a,tio,HeBbnLIHHHTBaHHS 11- o6leusrtii Bec B3Be[IeHHbIxHaHocoB;
    12-
    'f- o6lenaurtii Bec AoHHbIx HaHocoB;
    )KeT 6utr BbIgBaIIO gaX(OpHO-3aT(tpHbIMt4 nBJieIII{ffMH o6leuy
    ot"o*a"ra o6'leirta B3Be[Iei{HbIx K
    [10, t2). AOHHbIXHarlocoB'
    wo- cpe.[HeroAoeofi crox periK;
    3. 3antenne BoAoxPaHHJIHul W6"p.orn_ o6leu ouo>r<enuft, Koropble npor.Isoira,yt or
    3atuenue BoAoxpaHI.IJIHul Bbl3biBaercq BbIilaAeHlIeM Ha- pasMbIBa6ePeroe.
    HOCOB B npeAeJrax SOHbI IIOAnOpa H nocTeIIeHHbII[ 3anoJl- IIou Ha3Harieguu BeJII4TII4HbI MeprBoro o6reua BoAo-
    HeHHeM TBep!.bliMI{ q a,cTEIIaMIl elvIKOcTI{ BOAOXpaHIZiIIlUla. yqera npouec-
    *pd"'"tt"ura Vpr I{JIH orMerxrE fi\{O, KpoMe
    3aulenIae BepxHero 6ledpa npoIIcxoAI{T He roJIbKo 3a coB gaI{JieHi'lfl, Heo6xoAl'tvto npI{HI{Marb BO BHIIMAHI{C
    CrIeT HaHOCOB, IlpllHOCHlvIbIX peKOI"t, HO II 3a CI{eT OCeAa- CJICAYIOUIHC
    --- ilOJIO,
    Hr.rfl B BOAOXpaHHnHEe IIpOAi/KTOB pa3pyueHlls 6eperoe,
    u]' Orooat*a fMO AoJrXHa 6uro Bbii'e iIpeAeJIbHo
    HI'I3-
    npex{Ae Bcero n pafionax c 6o.nnulllM BoJIHeHHeI\'I. xoft,orueTKH'AonyctutuofinoycJIoBI.ifMo6ecneceHvflp^-
    BoAoxpannitll[Ia Ha paBHI{HHbix peKax, xapaKTepuBylo- aa6uparcutnx Bo'['y H3
    6ortr BoAonpI4eMIIbIX coopyxewrfi,
    glHXCg ne6OlsUrUM CoAep)KaHHeM HaHOcoB, O6stqUO OTJ1H-
    ;;p;".;'6n'e6a soAoxpaHrurrEua (uanpurrrep' o6ecneqeHlle
    rralorcfl 6o.nr,uruvr cpotKo'M saHJIeHI{fi (50-100 14 6onee
    noAarlr
    ---8i BOAbI B KaIiaJIbI I{ T. n');
    ner). *"pt"rtn o6lerrl AoJI)KeH 6ltrl Hasnaqeu TaKHM
    B po,toxpaHIIJIHuI,ax Ha fopHblx peKax, Hecyurnx 3Haql4- ooihsoo,riqroou npr4 nofiHof,rcpa6orKe no.rre3nofteuxocilr
    Te"rIbHbIe KOJIHqeCTBa HaHOCOB, 6O.nlUrag qaCTb eMKOCTII 3a-
    He npoucxoAu.no .rtetort'rnpofpeBaHl'Ifi I'I nopqH BOAbI'
    - B TeqeIIHe HeCKoJIbKlIx fi pa3BHTI{g MaJIfipHI',I;
    3agJlseTcff AOCTaTOTIHO 6ltctpO pacranr.rg
    ';i-;;;;;i BOAOXpaHHJIHUIa
    JICT. o6te* AorIlKeIr Ha3Haqarbcq c yqeroM'
    Ha cxopocTb 3aI{/IeHIlfl cyulecrBeHublM o6pa3oM
    cneqltaJIbHbIx npeAbrBJIflel[blx prt6nutrl xo-
    BJrr{fler pe}I(HM nponycKa IIaBoAKOB qepe3 BoAoxpaHHnH- -
    saficrnou; "paOo"u""A,
    qepe3 BoAoxpaHI{nHuIe npl4
    Ue. Ec.qu naBoAI{u ilpoxoAflr ii .;; nepxuufi 6reS BoAoxpaHHt{yJ I'Icnollb3yercn
    ypoBHqx, HeMHOTO npeBbIuIarcIIIHX 6Ultonlte, To eMKOCTb B r(aqecrBe BoAHoro - nyrl{' orMerlia fMO AoJI}KHa 9y::
    BecbMa MeAJIeHHO'3aHJIgerCs. llplt nJIorHHax' Co3AaIOUIHX raxr'rrta o6pasola, -tlro6rI npn HaBHrauI4oHHoH
    3Har{r.rrerbHbrft noAnop u B nepuoA nponycKa naBoAKo- "otOpunu
    cpa6orxe"oao*p*".nuIIlA,6rtnuo6ecne.{eHuIBBepxHeM
    BbIX BOA, 3aI{JIeHlie BoAOXpaHI4JIlIUla IIpoucxoAl',IT 6Onee Oi.O. rpe6yerr'rue cyAoxoAune r'uy6uun;
    npu BoAoXpaHI,IJII{u{e ruAPo-
    A) B cflyl{ae coopyx<eunr
    -inyl^"u oT-
    gfi,eKTpocraHwa cpa6oriia, ofipe-lerflIoruaf
    ycraHoBrle'a ri3 vc'/'IoBH' no-
    ;;;;ti"iMb] ^ lo,.*na 6urs
    il;;;1r; MoursomH_ r.r nupa6orxi.r 3HeprHI{
    "Ii,6no*"t
    .iapoerrerrpocTaHlrlln [10, 25, 29)'
    5. PasnnHs PYcJIa B HII)KHeM 6reSe
    BOAOXpaHHJIHITIa

    B u u x u e l t 6 r c s e r u A p o y 3 J l a H \ I e I o T M e c T o a e Q o p[epe-
    uaulltl
    3\'IOT rpfiAy, rpe6eHb Koropofi nocreneHHo nepeMeilaercff pycJla: 1) Mecrnble' BbI3bIBaeMbleyBeJIIIqeHHeM -I{
    pacnpeAerr."".*"l;6p;;;.fi reqeHr.rq HenocpeAcrBeHHo
    BFiII3 NO TCqCHHIO.
    TJIABA U]ECTHA]IIIATAfl. BONOXPAITHJIHUA
    451
    Hr.rxcc6pocusrxycrporicrn (o6pasonaHne
    nv), H 2) o6- nepeoxJrax(AeHHeBo,itrr pacnpocrpaHsercrr er.ny6r,. B pe-
    lUIlC, BIrl3blBaeMble IIOCT-| II.,'l€HH0MI.l3 BOAOXpaHI.I.IIIIUIa 3yJrbrare nepeoxJraxreHr{rr ray6Hullux cJroeB BoAbr o6pa-
    Bo'Abr (pas'narrapycJla B HHxHeM '6se0e ua
    o'c,B,err'eHuo,fi 3yercrr _r.ny6uuur,rfi (auyrpr.rnolnsrri) JreA (u-ryra, .l,orrHsrr?
    HeKoropoM yuacrre). / "rren,). Sror flrpoqecc [,p.eKparqaercfl HeMe.f,rreHl{onocJre
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    29'i
    PA7IIEJI TPETHN. THEPCTEXHHqECKHE COOPWKEHH'I
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    @uz. 16:11. Cxe'wa zoduqHo?o Hr{x(e rpe6yerrlrrx; B ocTaJrbrroe Bp,eMrr oflopox(HeHI'Ie
    oezyJluDoBaHufr BoAoxpaHhrr[fi\a MO)KeT He iIpoH3BoAHrbcfl.
    B 3ToM cryr{ae BpAoxpaHHJII'IUre peryJlHpyer croK Ha

    Bo4oxpauHJIHura MHofoJIerHero pery,rllIpoBaHufl nepe-


    pac[peAeJlflIoTcToKBTeqeHHeIIepHoAa'oXBaTbIBaIouIero
    HeoIloJIbI{oJIeT'3a,4epx(HBafiI{acTbcToKaMH.o,|oBoI.Hblx
    JIeT H IIOBbIUIaTT 3a cqeT HaKonJieHHolo o6'bel{a BoAbI
    pacxoAbr BoAoroKa B ruaJroBoAHbre roAbr ((bIEr. 16-12).
    Kax npaBHJro, BoAoxpaHturlru\a MHOrOJIeTHefo pelynH-
    noJrb3yloTcq AJIq ero SanoJIHeIIHfl.
    poBaHI{s oAHoBpeMeHHO CJIyX(ar pI AIr'. roAoBofo (cesoH- - Ha nepeMel{-
    lipu apyroM rllile peryJIHpoBaHHq croKa
    HOIO), HeAeJIbHOfO kr CyTOr{Horo pefyJlHpoBaE[fl'' a BoAo-
    - Lltfr' HeAe'rlbHofo H,yro pTAaqy - BOAOXpaHHJTHTTIe O6eCneqr{eaer He TOJIbKO
    xpaHHJIHIIla ToAHIIHOTO pery/Ifi poB alHvrfi rapaHT,Hpoleagu'ofi tsor,o- llJrr4
    iloJ'iyqeHl,le onpe:e-ueHuoli
    H CyTorlHolo. Hcrro.[b3oBaTb ua6rtrxH
    peryJlupoBa- 3HeprooTAaqH, Ho tt no3Bo,'IfeT
    BoaoxpaHI{JIHrIra cyror{Horo u HeAe'TbHoro B oTAe,'IbHbIe nepl]oAbl OTAacH
    croKa nJIfl IIOBbI[IeHHfl
    HI{floilopo)KHflloTcfl|43aIloJIHg}oTcflcooTBeTcTBeHHoB
    (ce-
    Ter{eHUe CyToK, HeAeJIH; BOAoXpaHHJI}Iula TOAOBOTO
    'IlpaBHJIo, ex{eroAHo cp'a-
    3oHHoro) iery.nupo,u a:f,hrfl, KalK
    6amtearcrcq Ao onpeAeaeHHoft orlterxlr, or KoTopofi B
    nepHoA naBoAKa 3anofiHqlorcfl AO Hnl' B Bo'r'oxpaHI{nU-
    qaxMHOroJieTHeropefyrl{poBaHrIflTo"IbiioqacTbno':Ie3-
    rLI H'?Iio"{Hf0TCfIi
    noir eMKOCTH e>reroAHO onopox(HrR€TCfl
    '0u3/eet
    Vco
    v40
    t30 (Qur. 16-13).
    t20
    t/0 ft0u.pacio0ue
    ofiaeu
    100 A uoru it 6o0ox"Pa'
    g0 HUnuqa
    80
    IU
    60
    50

    t--\
    40
    JO
    20
    t0
    0 lpaHUu0 cocmHoeo -.-\
    tieo 2-ueof .fuZ 0 0 4'i eo0 0o doc6opo

    unoeofofltorezoAbl uono0o0nata
    eo?ot
    @uz. 16 -13. Cxawa pacnoJloweHutt sodoxpaHurtuul
    pe?yJtupoBaHuu
    npu KO.ilttTe%cupoBaHHO-ilt
    @uz. 16-12. Cxeua perynuporaHufl
    .ttHo?oltemHezo
    .,i.*

    PA3AEJI TPETH]4. THAPOTEXHHqECKHE COOPYXEHH'I


    456
    Taxofi nuA perynupoBaHuflcroKa, yql'ITblBalouluit
    uure-
    pecbr cHcreMblBoAoxpaHHJIHulH rnApoycraHoBoK (xacxa.u,),
    paCnOJIOX(eHHbIXI{a AaHHOM BOAOTOKeI'IJII'IB €IO7O?CCe}IHe'
    Ha3brBaercfl KoMneHcHpoBaHHbIM perynnpoBaHLIeM.
    KouneucHpoBaHHoe pefyJlHpoBaHHe Mox<Ho npHMeHflTb
    TaKXe Ha BOAOXpaHHJIHUIaX, paCnOJIOXeHHbIX Ha paSHbIx
    peKax c pa3JII{qHbIM THApOJIOTHqeCKHMpeX(nMoM, c [eJIbIo 3HaqeHHIo3a AaHHbIft npouexyroK BpeMeHH.
    BsaHMHOTO BbrpaBHHBaHHfl H yBerHqeHHq cyirtlrapHofi llorpe6"rreHue Anl HyxA opofireHul, cyAoxo]lcrBa, reco-
    3HeproorAar{H ruApocrauuNfi, npH 3T}4x crIJIaBa Hocltr pe3Ko CesoHHgii xapaKrep; eoAocHa6xeHge
    -nocrpoeHHbIx
    Bo.f,oxp,aHliJrHurax ll2, 20, 22, 26]. rpe6yer 6o"nee BbIpaBHeHHoftorAaqn B TeqeHHe roAa;
    rpe6onauua gHeprerl{Kn K pac[peAe,'IeHuCIorAaIIH rnApo'
    crauuult Bo BpeMeH[ B 3HaqHTeJIbHofi creneHu 3aBHcflTor
    3. Tpe6onauun BoAorloJlb3oBareJlefi crpyKrypbl sHeprocucreMbl lI xapaKrepa norpe6Hre.nefi
    9HepfHH.
    Pasrr.rque B HHTepecax oTAeJrbHbrx BoAorronb3oBaTeJreg
    Tpe6onanr.rxeoAocHa6)KeHHfl, BoAHoro rpaHcnopra','l€- npHBoAr4THeoAHoKparHoK nporuBopeql'IfiMe rpe6o'eaHl{tlx'
    cocnJlaBa, oporueHnfl, o6no4neuux H prt6noro .xossficrsa ilpe.r'btBJlseMblx K pe)KI{My pa6otrt 14 flapaMerpaM BoAo-
    B ocHoBHoMcBoArrcff K noBbIureHHIono cpaBueuuro c 6r't- xpaHrrJrHIIla.
    -
    TOBbIMHyCJIOBnfl,MH paCXOAOBBOAbI peI{H B nepIIoAbIIuaJIo- Coqetauue uau6o.nee qe.rrecoo6pa3Hblxpa3MepoB BoAo-
    rpe6yeuux JnKa3aHHbIrllH
    BOAbq AO Orlpreas.;1s1t"ot*, BOI'O- xpaHHJrHura a BeJIHqLIH BoAo- HrtH gHepronorpe6.neuna
    noJrb3oBaTeJIflMH,pacqerHblx BeJIHqHH. ycraHaBJlt4 Baercq Ha ocHoBe KoMnJIeKcHoro, nau6olee
    Kporae Toro, BoAHbrfi TpaHcnopT r4 ApyfHe BoAonoJlb3o- BbrroAHoro c HapoAHoxo3qficrBeuHoftToqKI{ speHl'Iff peue-
    BareJIr{ Moryr tpe6onarr o6ecneqeul'Ifi onpe,(eJleHHoro pe- HHfl.
    x<HMa yponnefi BoAbI KaK B BepxHeM, TaK H B Ht'Ix(HeM Ko"rnqecrBeHHbIe 3HaqeHI{n norpe6lenur ycraHaBnH-
    6leQax ruApoysna. Barorcq B pe3yJlbraTe cneIIHaJIbHhIxSKOHOMHqeCKHX HC-
    H-eo6xoArai'ro A06asHrn, r{To soAocHa6x{eHI4e,opouie- cJreAoBar{Hfi,yuutulearcIlrnx 6yayuree
    - pacTI'IpeHHe H Pa3:
    HAe r{ pu6noe xoggficrso rpe6yror TaKxe o6ecneqen'Afl.HAA' sur.e ,csa6xaeurrx so.lofi (enepruefi) upeanpuntufi
    nex<aulero KaqecrBa HaKonJIeHHofrs BoAoxpaHH/II{uleBoAbI' [2, 8, 12, 22, 26].
    3Hepreruxa npeA'bflBJlfler tpe6onauur, Koropble B
    ocHoBHoM cBoAffTcfl K oIITI4MaJIbtroMy HCIIOJIb3OBaHI',IIo
    4. PacqerHaq o6ecneqeHHocrb
    cToKapeKuy-co3AallHoroIHApoy3JIoMHanopacue'rlblo
    noryceHnfl Ha fOC sau6onuuefi MolltHocru rr Bblpa-
    Orraqa BoAo.xpaHHrI4[12,T. e. pacxo.4 BoAbI' nofiyrlae-
    6orriU gHeprHH,B pe,x{I{Me, Olp,eAeJIfieMoM _norpe6uleJleM. orpa)raq Koae6au'Ilfl croKa, M€-
    mnrl I,t3 BoAoxpanu.nrEula,
    oco6tre'rpe6oaa.nun npeA.bqBfiqer 6Opr6a c HaBoAHe- 3HaIIHTeJIbHbIxnpeAeJlax.
    HseTcfl Bo BpeMeHHB AOBOJIbHO
    HHsMU: C qeJIbIO npeAorBpauleHHfi onacHocrH pa3pyIIrH-
    c HapoAHoxosqficTBeHHOfiToqKr{ 3peHHq qenecoo6pasuo
    npHHHMaTbB KaqecTBepaCqeJHOfiA,{q BOAO[oJIb3OeareJeft
    TaKyIo BeJILIqHHyorAaqn Q.rp, KoTopar Mo)Ker 6nrn
    qacrlt
    rapaHTHpoBaHa lIM B TerIeHHe npeo6,raa,arcuef,I
    6yayurero nepHoAa 3KcIIJIyaraIrufi BoAoxpaHI-IJIHura'
    B reqenue ocrannuofi qacrl'I 3Torfo nepl{oAa' or'u'aqa
    qacaM cyToK.
    BoAoxpaHHJIHura6yaer HI{)Ke fapaHTHposaHHofi Q.up '
    HeAenLI fi

    0)
    l0
    45
    40
    7t

    a
    20
    f5

    @uz. 16-14. fpa$urcu nompe1rleHunsodbt u sHep?uu


    - cyroqusrfi rpa$ux HatpygoK rHlposneKrpocrrHul',lH
    o - norpe6neHHe Bojlbl; 6
    TJIABA AECTHAN,UATAfl. BOIIOXPAHHJIHAA
    PA3,\EJI TpETHn. FHq?OTEXHHqECKI.TE COO?Y)KEHItfr
    458
    re.rrnnOr,lyrHApoJIorHqeCIioMypflAy: 3a Becb UIrOrO.rletHufi BolHuii 6a.nanc BoAoxpaHr{JrrruIasa pacuerutrfi orpe-
    (40-50 .rrer) nepnoA ua6.urcAennii vnu sa MeHee AnH- 3OK BpeMeHr,rBbrpaxaeTcr ypaBHeHHeNr:
    re.nruufi xapaxrepuufi pacueruufi ps4, xoropmft/,AonlKeH LV: (Qnp - Qrro)l (16-8)
    BKJIlOqaTbMHOTOBOAHbTe, cpeAHr.{en MaJIoBoAHbIe roAr,I;
    npu gToM cpeAuuri croK eroro xaparffepHoro pffAa sa rAe L^V - rrpHpauelrue o6reua BoAoxpaHrrJrurua;
    toA Ir ga oT.tl,eJrbHbre
    cegoHbr, a raKx(e xoa$$rrrlHeHTbr ng- Qnp - pacxoA npHToI{a K BoAoxpaHHJIHUIy 3a oT-
    MeHrILIBocrHCo roAonux H ce3oHHbrx croKoB AoflxHbI pe3oK BpeMeHr{T;
    6utr Aocraroquo 6rusxrr K aHaJrorHqHbIMBeJIriqHHaMsa QsaC- pacxoA, ea6upaelrufi H3 BoAoxpaHI'IJIHIIIa,
    Becb Anure.nsHufi naHoro.neruufiflepnoA. sKnloqarcuHft noJre3rroe norpe6neHne, irore-
    IIpn cocraBJreHHH TexHHKo-gKoHoMHqecKoroAor{naAa pH (ucnapeuue, $u.nurpaqiln, oceAaur4eJrbAa
    npn 6o.nnuovr riorHr{ecrBe paccMarpHBaeMbrxBapHairroB lla 6eperax) fl xoJrocrbre c6pocsr B rreptroAbr
    f3C pacqerbr roanr{Horo peryJrHpoB MHOTOBOAbfl.
    aHv,s.AonycruMo,
    rrpor{3-
    BoAHTb no 3 orAeJrbHbrr\{xapaKTepgbrM roAaM: cpeAHeMy B MexeHb npr{ MaJro xo.le6arctuuxcq 3HaqeHnrx pac-
    roAy co croKoM, 6.[ttsxHr\4 K cpeAneMlroroJrerHeMy,Ma- xoAoB BOAbr AJrHreflbHocTbpacqeTHoro orpe3Ka BpeMeHLr
    JIOTOAHOMy C TOAOBbTM H MeN(eHHHM CTOKO,M, COOTBeT-
    T nplrHr.rMalor o6u,rHo pannofi I uecsqy. B nepuoAbr
    crByIoIuHM 3aAaHHofi pacueruofi o6ecneqenHocrr.rrapaHTr.r- no.nonoAufi rr naBoAKoB ilpH 3Har{r{TeJrbHbrx
    H 6nrcipux
    poBaHHofi oTAaqr.r BoAoxpaHHItHr\a, v MHoroBoAHoN(y. pacxoAoB'seo6xo,rr.rrrronpHHHMarb B Kaqe-
    r.t3MeHeHr.rflx
    crBe pacqerHbrx 6o"nee KoporKrre orpe3Kn BpeMeHH - Ae-
    ftpu MHoroaerHeM peryJrupoBaHuH cyulecrBeHHoe sna-
    qeHr{e AJrfi pacqeroB BoAoxpanuJrnura, o6c-nyxuealoulero KAAbI, IIflTI,IAHEBKI,I, A B OTAC.IIbIIbIX CJIVqAflX - CVTK'{.

    fOC, npuo6perarcr xo.ne6asus o6reMoB cro,Ka sa qeJrbre Haqa"uo u KoHeu roAoBofo ur{KJIa, ga roropnfi BbI[oJI-
    roAbl H nepuoAbr JreT. Hrrercrr soAoxosqficreeHHsrfi pacqer .(noAoxosrficreeHHHfi
    Pacqern perynupoBaHnff croKa B sToM cJryqae Heo6xo- roA), o6uqso npuyporruBarorcff K HaqaJry noJroBoAbs u
    I(OHrIy MeXeHr.I,T. e. K MoMeHTy,COOTBeTCTByIO[IeMy Cpa-
    Ar{MO BeCTI{ nO AOCTaTOqHOAJrHTeJrbrrOMyrUApOfiOrUqe-
    cKoMy pqry .rrer co cpeArruM roAoBbrM croKoM, 6.nusxr.rn 6orre BoAoxpaHI{JIHula.
    I( cpeAueMHoroJrerHeMyr{ BKflroqarcueMy MaJroeoAHnftne- I4cxoAsue AarrHbre *r noJro>Kegufi, npHHHMaeMblertpu
    pI{oA Jrer, B Ter{eHHe Koroporo 6y,qer r{Merb Mecro noJr- soAoxoesficrBerrnbrxpacqerax, npou3BoAnMbrxAnfl pagnllq-
    I{ar cpa6orxa n,onesuofi eMKocrH; or.u,aqa, florxcqHTaHuarr rrbrx BapHaHroB peurenufi (Hnf, V 14 r. A.), AonxHbI
    IIO STOMy MaJIO,BOAHOMy nepHOAy JIeT, AOJIX{HaCOOTBeT- o6ecneqnrr conocraBHMocrb peayJrbraroB llcc.rteAosaHLIfi.
    cTBOBaTbrapaHTn,poeaHHoric saAanHofi o6ecneqesHocTbro. 3ra conocraBlrMocrb Aocrl{raercrr nyreM Haxo>KAerrut on'
    llprE pacuerax MHoroJrerHeroperyJrHpoBaHvfl MeroAaMH THMaJrbHbrxnoragarenefi pa6orn BoAoxpaHr{Jluura v. co-
    MareMarr.rqecKoficrarncruKr.r (cu. ur.rxe) rraapo.noruqecxue opyxenuft rHApoy3JIa Ailn KalKAoro r{3 paccMarpuBaetublx
    xapaKTepucrr{Kn xone6asufi roAoBbrx o6seMoe croKa r{c- Bapr.raHToB.
    nonb3ylorcrr B BuAe rprznofi o6ecneqeuHocrlr rrocJreAHHx,
    a xapaKTepr,rcTHKH pac[peAeJreHHffcToKa B TeqeHr{eroAa-
    B BHAe rurroBbrx ruAporpaQoB. 2. MeroAbI BoAoxoscficrBeHHblx pacrleroB
    Ann nocrpoeHufi Tr.rnoBbrx rnaporpa$on o6trqno Hc-
    rlo/rb3ytorcfl B KaqecrBe Mo.{eJrHAaHHbre ua6.nrcAeHprfino B conpeueunofi upaKTHKe npoexrr.{poBaHrfl D,ns.pacqe-
    .oTAeJrbHbrM xapaKTepHbrMIoAaM. Ta no4bxpauunurtr IIpHMeHffIorcfi .[Ba MeroAa eoAoxogsft-
    flepexo4 or peaJrbnoro roAa, [pr.rHqroro 3a MoAe/rb, K cTBeHHbrxpacqeToB.
    THnOBOT\{V rUApOrpaQy ocyilIecTBJrflercq nyTeM vMHo>Ke- flo nepBoMy MeroAy pacserbl rlpoll3BoAflTcfi no Kar-IeH-
    HHfl Bcex pacxoAoB BoAbr Ha orHorrreHue o6teua croKa AapHoMy rr.4poJrorHqecKoMypflAy, npHHI{IuaeMoMy3a xa-
    IOAA _ MOACJII,I K CTOKY TOAA, NPHHI,IPIAEMOTO 3A THNO- par{Tepr{cruKy 6yAyutero xoAa croKoBbIX qsreuHfi. Pacqer
    sotl. Xelatelltro, qro6n ero orHomeur,re no Bo3rvioxuo- ilo rr{ApoJrofnrrecKoMypflAy, ua6rpAeuHoMy HJIH cKop-
    cru 6rr.no 6nuxe K eAr,rH?rue. permr4poBaIrHoMyB cBq3H c nnaHI{pye\4bIM LI3MeHeHI{eM
    MoAe.rrr.rrua,porpa$oBsa nepuoAno"uonoAuft(naeoaxa) pex(HMa croKa, Aaer Bo3Mo)KHocrb peuruTb eoAoxosgftcr-
    r{cnoJrbgyrorcfl Anr nocrpoeHr.rflpacqerHbrxrH,uporpaSos BeHHbregaAaqu .urc6ol'r cJIo>KHocrHH IIoJIyqHTbB KaJIeH-
    HcKJIIoqLITe.rrbHo MHoroBoAHbrx no.nonoAufi Hlrrl naBoAKoB lapnofi nocneAoBareJJbHocrra no4po6riylo H IIafJIq.[HyIo xa-
    npu pacqeTax nponycKa [ocJIeAHHx cepe3 BoAoxpaHH- paKTepHcrHKy pexxMa pa6oru BoAoxpaHHJIHuIa3a MHo-
    nfiIIIa. rorersufi ilepuoA.
    2. Ecnu BoAoxpaHHJIHule o6cnyx<unaer notpe6nrelefi, Bo BTopoM MeroAe soAoxoggficrBeHHbrxpacqeroB Hc-
    3al{HTepecoBaHHbrx JIHIIIb B nOBbImeHHI{ HH3KHX paCXoAOB noJrb3yrorcs KpHBbre o6ecneqenHocru roAoBbix croKoB,
    BoAoroKa Ao oltpeAeJleHuoft rapaurtlpyeuoft BeJIHqHHbI nocrpoeHHbre no o6o6qeusbrM crarncrnqecKuM xapaKTepH-
    (noctoxuuafl orAaqa, HanpHMeP, Arq soAocna6xeHuR), ro crHKaM croKa: HopMe croKa Qc u xoaQ$uuueuraM LIsMeH-
    ocHoBHoe SHaqeHHe AJIq ycTaHoBJIeHI,Iff eMKOCTH I'I OTAaqH uRnOcrR Cs H acHMMeTpHItCs .
    BoAoxpaHHnulqa npHo6peralor I'IccJIe.lI,oBaHHflno pacqer- Sror Mero,A p,acqeroB pefy.nup'oBaHnficroKa, o,cIIOBaH-
    HOMy MaJIOBOAHOMyrOAy B CJIyqae roAHqHoro peryJll,Ipo- sufi Ha reopuu nepoRrHocrefi, Aaer Bo3MoxHocrb
    BaHUfi lr pacqeTHoMy MaJIoBoAHOMY IIepHOAy JIeT - IIpII
    orrpeAeJrHTb3HarreHur soAoxosqficrBeHHbrxxapaKTepLICTI{K
    MHoroJrerHeM peryJIHpoBaHI{u ll2, 18, 221. ,[Jrfi rraJrbrx r{ 6o.nrmnx s}raqeHHfi o6ecneqeuHocrlt.
    llepnrrfi MeroA peI(oIueHAyercq pIcnoJlb3oBarbIIpeHMy-
    16-5. METO,II.bI BOAOXO3flmCTBEHHbIX rrlecrBeHHo ttpH IIpoeKTHpoBaHffHBo'r,oxpaH]lJIHIII,o6c.tty-
    )KHBaIorI{HxrHApocraHIIHH, pa6orarcurlte B 3Heprocncre-
    PACTIETOB BoAoxpaHHJIHU{V BO
    Me, ilpH pacqerax KacKa-{a
    BCeX CJryqafix, KorAa HMeer MecTo OTHOCHTeJIbHO He-
    1. OcuosHble noJIo)KeHHq
    BbrcoKafi saperyJlupoBaHHocrb croKa (ceeouuoe peryJIH-
    BOAOXO3qfiCISeHHTXpacrleroB ponauue)
    BoAoxosqficreeHHue pacqerbl cBonnrcq K cocraBJIeHHIo flo nepnoMy Merogy npx l{cnoJlbsoBaHvH Ha1JIIoAeIIHoro
    BoAHoro 6anaHca BoAoxpaHHJIHula 3a cJIeAyIouIHe B Ka- pfiAa B KaqecrBe ruApoJlorirqecrofi ocHoBbI eoAoxosqfict-
    xeHAapHoM nopqAKe pacqerHble oTpe3KH BpeMeHH, Ha KO- B€HHbrepacqelbl npoH3Bo.E'rlrcgra6lur{HblM cuoco6ou u.tllt
    neproA.
    Topbre pa3AeJIeHBecb paccMarpHBaeMblfi rpaQuuecm.
    TJIABA UECTHAilUATAfl. BOTOXPAHHJIHIIIA
    45e
    Ec;rH B cocraBe Bo.{,onoJrb3oBareJrefr HMeercrr sHepre- a) Ilpaoutta peeurtuposaHltfl croKa npu pa1ore sodo-
    Trrr(a, rpe6ynurar onpeAeJreHrrofopacnpeAereHHq Moilr- xpaHurtuuld Ha tlocTonHH!/n ordaall cBoAflTcq r{ cJreAyn-
    Hocreft B TeqeHHeroAa r{ coorBercrByloqero yqera xofie- ueMy. HegaaucuMo or BeJIHqHHbTrrpuToKa Bo.[bI K BoAo-
    '6arruft Hanopa, per(oMeH.qyercqpacqerbl Bearn Ta6lnq- xparrnnHuty norpe6rreJrro AocraBflqercff rapaHTHposaHHHr?
    HbtM cnoco6ou. Pacqer BoAoxpaHHJIHur, o6ecueqltsarcIIrHX pacxoA Qrap, ecJrr.r BoAoxpaHHnr.rule 3arroJrHeHO AO HnF
    orAaqy pacxoloB BoAbI, MaJIO MeHflIOUIHXCRB TeqeHHe pacxox rrpnroKarrpeBbruaerQ.ap, Hs6ntxu BoAbrcBepx
    roAa, uenecoo6pa3HeenpoHsBoAHTbrpa$HqecKll c HcrloJlb- A
    Vral cOpaCbIBarcTCgBxOJIOCTyIO; npr CHHxeHI{fi IIpHTOI(a
    3OBaHr{eMUHTefpaJrbHbrxKpHBbIX. Ao suaueuuii, MeHbIrrHx Q.up, BoAoxpaHHJrHurecpa6arrr-
    Bropoft MeroA pacr{era npHMeHrercff npu pacqerax Bo- BaeTcrr H Br{oBb 3anoJrHseTcfl,KorAa npHToK cTaHOBHTCff
    AoxpaHI{nttul MHoroJrerHeroperyn}IpoBal{I'{fl, o6c.nyxunarc- 6o.nnrueQrrp.
    ulIX norpe6uteretl, rpe6yrouux sttcoxol"t o6ecireqesHocrll flpu cpa6orauuovr BoAoxpaHH.rrHurepacxoA BoAbr, Ao-
    oTAaqH, Hanpuluep, BoAocHa6xeHHq. crasnqelrnlfi norpe6llrenrc B xpar?ne MaJroBoAHbreroAu
    [.rrn perueHr.rflsaAaq no BTopoMy MeroAy, nplleMbi pac- (sa npeAeJraMHpacveruofi o6ecneqeuuocrn), craHoBHTct
    qeroB no KoropoMy paapa6orauu C. H. Kpuuxtltt't, Meubrue Qr"r, , T. e. r4Meror Mecro nepe6ou oTAaqH.
    M. O. Mesxeneu lI Ap., B IIpaKTHKenpoeKTupoBaHufl'r4c- 9ro6n no Bo3Mox{Hocrr{ yrueHbrxnTb paspbiB Mexgy
    noJrb3yrorcg rpaQltru, n03BoJIflIoulHe6ucrpo onpeAeJIHTb 3HaqeHHeMQrap n pacxoAoM BoAbr r,r3 BoAoxpaHHJrHuIaB
    3HaqeHHg LICKOMbTX BOAOXOSflI.ICTBeHHbIX XapaKTepI'IcTIrI{ IIepHoA nepe6or, T. e- yMeHbrrruTbBeJruqr.ruynepe6or, Ha
    (ctrr.nHxe\ 17,12, 14, 15, 18,20,221. npar{TuKe 3a6fiaroBpeMeHHonpn npra6JrH)KeHr.rnK noJtHoMy
    onopox{HeHr4rono"lesHofi eMKocrH orAaqa BoAoxpanuJrr.rula
    rocreneHHo cHuxaercff npornB Q"rp [9J.
    croKa Ha nocrosHHylo orAarly
    3. Pery.rrupoBaHue flo.rtesnas eMKocrb BoAoxpaHHJrr]ua H pe)KHM perynu-
    poBaHHq croKa 3aBucrr or cooTHoruenzff rpe6yenaofi oT-
    Aacu K croKy: ecJrr.rHeo6xoAlrMaq orAaqa (c yuerou no-
    Pery.rrupoBaHnecroKa Ha nocroffnuylo no rolaM, Ho repr) HHx<e HJrH paBHa croKy MaJroBoAHororoAa pac--Ier-
    BO3MO}I(HO,neper\{eHHyro IIO Ce3OHaMrOAa OTAaqy flB- noft o6ecneqeHnocru, To rpe6yercr cosAaHue BoAoxpaHI{-
    ..Ilrercfl uau6o.nee npocrofi cxeuoft perynupoB a*ufl. 3ta JTHUIaCe30HrrOrO(rO4nUHOrO) peryJrr.rpoBaHprr:npH BeJIH-
    cxeMa npr{MeHrreTcffHa BoAoxpaHLrJIHIqax, q6ecneuunarc- qHHe roAosofi orAaqr,r, npenuurarcuefi croK ManoBoAHoro
    lqlrx norpe6urerefi, pa6orarculux ro xecrr(oMy rpaSury roAa pacqerHofi o6ecneqeHHocrr{,eMKocrb BoAoxpaHHnI{E(a
    oTAaqu (uanpurr,rep,eoAocua6xenne).

    Ta6ttuua 16-
    BoloxoagficrsenHuIfi pacqer

    o) I Haxon,neuneH cpa- VpoeeHr Bo.u,br B flnouta.ur Bo.llHoro


    z floreor'r B tu3,'ceK x | 6orxa Aa rpoMexy- O6relut no- BepxHe.\r 6seQe oo- 3epKaJra Bon,oxpa-
    o 5
    U TOK BpeNler{H Ibi B BO.[,O- LoxpaHi{ilHlrla B .nt HLIilfil-JJA B K-I'I
    Pacxo- xpaHHJrlrrue
    X I cpe.4,Hqfl
    ,IIbI c r I <) i{ Koiruy
    E-a
    npr,rroKa Oc) = r 6 x e o 6 r e M a x npovgfrxyr- K KOHtry cpeauraft K KOHrty 3a flpo-
    r a n f e u b H u npoNre:+ivT- 3 a n p o -
    ;, :4 ! v .rt3icex c ) ! x i npoMe- MelKy-
    O r
    B MIH. 't3 Ka Bper\{eHr,r r\{e)Ky- )KyTKa
    ; o t r o A g Nr,]H. 't3 TOK
    c.'s aq
    H >\d) 4 O \o\ TOK BpeMeHH B p e M e -
    n : d z riCo BilIsHH HV

    10 13 l1 ID 16 I I

    I
    I
    234,41*
    IV 4 1. 3 0.9 + 1 , 3l -
    ?
    5 , 0- 3 1 , 235.00 234.70 140,10
    1:e (
    ,U
    V 58;0 50,6 235;oo 235;oo l43,gl
    VI 23,7 9'9
    t -
    16,0 235,00235,00 143,91
    VII 7,1 2,3 ,u 0,7 1 R 234,99 234,99 143,90
    ViII 2,8 1,90,5 4,6 12,1 2 3 4 , 9 1 234,94 143,30
    IX 2,9 1 , 40,5 _ 4,0 10,5 255,6 234,84 234,87 142,10
    X 4rl 0 8 0,5
    - 212 5,8 249,8 2 3 4 , 8 0 234,821 4 1 . 0 0141,25
    r,2
    t -

    XI 4,4 0,5 0,1 3,2 246,6 23+,77 234,781 4 0 ; 6 0 1 4 0 , 9 0


    l 1, 5 235,1 234,69 234,7 1 3 9 , 8 0 1 4 0 , 2 0
    XII
    I
    .5
    t -
    I , q 00 ,, 44
    U .'l
    4,4
    4,9 l ? q ,99 I 234,60 234,64 1 3 8 , 8 0 1 3 9 , 3 0
    ,0
    II 0
    t -
    0.s 0,4 4,9 12,9 209,3 234,51 234,54 1 3 7 , 9 0 1 3 8 , 3 0
    III I 0,5 0,5 4 8
    ^
    t -
    12,6 196,7 234,41 234,4 1 3 6 , 3 0 1 3 7 , 0 5

    30 l 6 46 346 1 5 8

    * VpooeHt n o6ter,,t Bo:loxpaHnnuura K Haqany pacr{erHoro so,[.oxosgftcrBeHHoro rora.


    PASEEJI TPETHN, THAPOTEXHilITECKHE COOPY}KEHHfI
    460
    '.f,oJtxHa 6uru Vp., -
    AocrarortHofi.urq MHorolerHeroperyJll{po- rAe roAoBoft o6teu orAaqu (ax.rrrovanutuft no-
    BAHHS CTOKA. ne3Hoe norpe6.neuue A noreprl), paauufi.
    6) Pacuet ra1ttuqnotu cnoco6on Ha nocronr{Hyn or- roAoBoMy croKy pacverHofi o6ecneqeHuo-
    'ce3oHHoro peryJrgpoBag6fi npLrBeAeH CTH;
    daug Anfl cnyqarr
    B BHAe npnMepa s ra6r. 16-2. wo.*"*-croK MexeHr{ pacueruofi o6ecneqesHocTH;
    tpe6yeuoft otAaqu (rpaQa 9) 1""* - AaHTeJIbHocTbpacveruofi Mex(eHH B AoJIfix
    kle conocraBJleHugBeJIH.II'IH
    c 6utoeHvu pacxoAaMu ManoBoAHoro roAa pacqergou roAa.
    o6ecneqesHocra (rpa$a 2\ BHAHo, qro c aBrycra IIo Ec.rrn gal..arre BalffIloqaercfl B onpersrleHun 3aperynH-
    Mapr Mecsu 6rtrosHe pacxoAbl lueHbue 3aAaHHoro no- ponaunofi orAaqH nptl npuHflTbIx sHar{eHHsxeMKocrH Bo-
    rpe6neuHl rI B TerIeHHeyKagaHHoro-nep-HoAanorpe6yerca AoxpaHI{nHIrIa, pactler
    'BeAercfl Toxe no yxasa.Huoft ta6'
    cpa6orxa ucxorvlofi nonegsofi (pa6oqefi) eMKocrH BoAo- rlr,.rHofi $oprrle. O6eoneqlrBaeMar rIp'H,u,assofi eMKocrh
    xpaHHJIIltrIa r,o orMerKa rop,ueonia MeprBoro o6leua Vy' Vl ornaqa BoAoxpaHHJIItuIa o[peAeJsercfl noA6cpola
    'Ilorepn
    BoAbI dlorcqaTblBalorcfl,KaK yKa3auo B n. 16-2' nyreM nocreneHHoro npu6.nuxennr. Anq cJlyqaff Muoro-
    floreeHblfi pacxoA peI{H (pacxoL Herro' rpa$? 8)- p1:
    -6urceuru JIeTHeroperynHpoBaHfiff pacqeT BeAeTcfl aHaJIOTI{qHo H3.IIO-
    BeH pa3Hocrn MexA] pacxoAoM-.peKl'I(rpaQa 2) x(eHHoMycnbco6y 3a Becb pacueruufi N{aJIoBoAHufi uepuoA
    H cyMMapHbrMpacxoAoM norepb (rpa$a 7)_. ltz, 261.
    PagHoim BeJrurrr.rH,uoueqessHx B rpaQax 8 v 9, 3a e) lpaQwecKue pacqe1bL peeAnuposaHufl croKa npu
    .u,ausuft HHTepBaJIBpeMeHLIcocraBnfler pacxg,l cpa6orxn noilot4u uHreeparbuom (cgnuapuatx) KpusbLx Aalor Bo3-
    HI:H HanorlHeul,tflBoAoxpaHurlulqa (rpa$a ll). Eclu no- MOX{HOCTb 6trcrpo vt HaI,'IflAHOpeuraTb noAoxosqficTBeH-
    resHrrfi pacxoA peKH MeHbIIIe saperyJll{poBaHHoro' To Hbre 3a.l[aqH.
    IeoErlHT BocnoJrHfleTcff 3a cqeT cpa6orxu noJIe3HOrO I4urerpa.rrrsoft xpunofi Hasr,rBaercfirpa$uuecxoe Bblpa-
    o6r'eua BoAoxpaHHJIHura;B ttporuBHoM cJlyqae BoAoxpa- )KeHHe 3aBLICHMOCTH, OnpeAeareuoft crIeAyrouI,HMypaBHe-
    HHJTHUIe HarronHgeTcq; He6urKrl CTOKa, OCTaIOtrIHeCg H H E M :
    nocJle o6ecneqeuuq norpe6neunn v HanoJIHeHHgBoAo- t
    xpaHHJrHtua, npeAcTaBJrsroT co6ofi xoJlocTble c6pocl,t K
    (rgaQa l0).
    qI'IcJIo
    wr : I Qar, (16-10)
    llporasne4euue BeJIuqHHbIrpa$r'r l1 Ha ceKyHA L O

    B pacqeTHOM npoMex(yTKe BpeMeIIH Aaet o6.6et't cpa6otxll


    g.rII{ HanoJIHeHLIqBoAoxpagl'Innula 3a AaHHbIfi nporrlexytox
    (rpa$a 12). rAe ts H t K- saqallsltfi 14 xouequuli IuoMeHTbl npoMe-
    BpeMeHr{
    -
    Be.rrnqniu ipa$ri l3 npeAcraBJlflIor co6ofi alre6paN- xyrKa BPeMeHH T;
    cecKylo cyMMy'BeJILIqLIH rpl$u 12 n sHacesus o6lelraa V Wr _ cr6x, nporexurafi or illoMeHra to 'u'o Mo-
    K HaqaJIy noAoxogsficrBeHHororoAa. M e H T at K .
    Aasnrte rpa$ 14 fi. 16 onpeaeJlfflorcfl no KpHBbIM3a- Buquc.neuue KoopAI'IHar ulnerpanlnoft {pH-Boft croKa
    BI{cI4MocrLIruIo111aAefisepxan u o6leuoB BoAoxpaHHJIHu{a yAo6nee npoBo,f,rrb IIo ta6ltratle caea-vrouefi Sopurt'
    or ypoeHefi BoAbI (ct'r. Sur. 16-l). ArIs coorBercrBylo-
    rqHx 3Haqeuufi o6teMa 3aroJIHeHHfl (rpa$a 13)- TaSttuqa t6-3
    .[,anuue rpa$n 17 ucnoJlb3ylorcff Ails' onpeAeJIeHI'Iff
    -
    Be.rrHqr{HbrHcnapeHLIfl 3a cooTBeTcTnyrcu,nff IIpoMe]KyTOK
    BpeMeHr.r. U E Crox sa
    C UeJIbIo onpeAeJIeHHq IIeo6xoALrMbIx pasMepoB noJle3-
    ((qJ

    flpotuexYtox BPerrte- npoMexyroK Cvurtapsuft


    sofi eurocrl{ BoAoxpaHI'IJII4qaV n AJtfl o6ecneqesns sa- ura AT B ceKyHlax .F
    0)o)
    tsq) a 'i e N { e H x A T cr6x l7- e ,tt3 t

    L'W'n .tt3
    Aaxnofi oTAaqH Q.rp pacqeT HaqHHaeTcqc MoMeHTa' OT- = _ R
    i;1
    BeqapuleroKoHIlynepHoAaMexeHI{[IHaqanynoIoBcAb'I' a-
    .J EQ
    T. e. c MoMeHTa, KorAa npl{ToqHblfi pacxoA craHoBl'trcfl L.
    ,J

    6onrrue rpe6yerraoro. Pacqet BeAercs nporuB xoAa Bpe-


    MeHLIK HaqaJIbHOMyMOMeHTyMe)KeHH'KOrAa pacxol BO- to
    AoToKaHaqHHaeTnpeBbIIIIaTbcyMMapHbIHpacxoAoTAatIH LTt: t t - t o Qt L W r : Q t A ? t
    r{ IIOTepb. tL Wt:L\Vt
    Hau6o.nruree 3HaqeHHecyMMapuoro o6leua (rpa$a LT2: t z - t t LW2:QzLTz
    \v Q:
    13), nonyqeHHoe B pffiyJrbTaTe pacqet_a, orpeAeJlfler He- t2 lV2:L,Vt*
    o6'xbnnrtanA o6levr ionbxpann.rh;la V u coorBercrBylo- ' *LWz
    qyloeMyoTMeTKyHopManbHoroIIoAnopHoIoIopI,I3oHTa
    H IIo.IIe3HyIo eMKocrb Vn. b-l
    K Be-
    Kor,u,a ipe6yer"rax orAarla 3a rol. npu6nnxaerefi
    " h - 7 Qn L ' W p : Q n L T n
    L'f ; _l
    nHqHHe roAoBoro cToKa 3a pacuerHufi ManosoAHuft roA,
    Heo6xo.u,r.rrrlo npoBepHTb BOSMO)KHOCT6 3anoJlHeHHff BbIfB- tp
    JTeHHOTO nOnesHoro o6teua vn B neplloA MHOTOBOAbfl
    (nononoAla, naBoAKa), ^IIfl qero [poH3BoAHTcfl aHaJIo-
    rH.IHufi pacqeT, xOropufi HaqHHaeTCflC TOrO x(e MoMeH-
    Ta, T. e. c KOHIIa Me)KeHH H HaqaJIa [OJIOBoAbfi'H Be- ,[,nn nocrpoeHnq l,IHTerpaJlbttoftxpneoft Aasuue ra6'ttll-
    KoopAHHarHoenoJle: Ha ocu a6cqllcc or-
    n e T c f l f l o X o ' A y | B p e M e H H A o , [ | c M e . H T a 3 o I I , o J I H € H H f l n o J l . e 3 -HaHocffT Ha
    rIbI
    uoro o6reMa BoAoxpaHHJIHura Vn' KnaAbrBalor BpeMfl, a Ha ocu opAHHar- o6teu croKa'
    pasHofi croKy 3a roi.4 Ilocrpoenue uurerpa.nlnoft xpnnofi unnlocrpupyercll
    A.na cnyuflfl illocToguuofi orAaqu'
    pacuetuoft o6ecneqeuHocrll, ueo6xoAuvas noae3Hafl eM- Q' nr. 16-15.
    KOCTb BOAOXPAHHJII,IUIA ONPCI,CJI'IETCfl H3 CJICAYIOUCTO p a - Passoctr AByx opAI'IHar l(au A(6 HurerpaJlbuofi xpn-
    BEHCTBA: ato*u LWo"o nupaxaer o6lert'r Bo.II,bI,nporexruufi aa
    "ofi
    BpeMrI 6Tab, pannoe tt-to. Cpe.u,nufipacxoA 3a BpeMfl
    Vn : lZp."T"ex - ilZp.,.ex, (16-e) LTab paBeH:
    TJIABA UECTHAEUA'|+fl. BOEOXPAHHNHUA
    461

    a f d f a Ta I
    Kpusoti cmoKa
    @uz. 16-15. II o crupoeHueuHme?partbHort
    _ jlyqeBoir r'lacurra6
    a - rpa$ur Pacxo!.oB Bollbl B p e r e ; 6 _ HlrTerpanbHa,I KpHBa'I cToKa; 6

    LLY2,..., LWn, flporeKaloil{ero_3a^yKa3allHblfi npoMex(y-


    L-W* rox AI:OK, c p a c x o A a M r nQ r , Q 2 , . . . ,Q z . l l p x r t r b l € r c o -
    ncp _
    '< - LWz,.:..
    ab ATan eAHHqIoulpIe roqKy O c xoslaMu oTpe3KoBLWt,
    iVn, npeAcraBflqlor
    'Qn. B flyrleBoM wracurra6e pacxoAbl Qt,
    Qr,..-., Ceryutue ulrr4 KacareJlbHble K uHrerpa.urnofi
    Me Qur. 16-15,6 cJIeAYer,qro
    Kpr.rBoficroKa, ilpoBeAeHHblenapaJIJIeJIbHoI( IIpflMbIM ny-
    ueuoao trracuna6a, coorBercrByror gTHIu x<e pacxoAaM Qr,
    LWoo
    r: -b:ct g a , (16-l l)
    ac Qr,..., Qn. Orpesox (ayq) OK coorBercrByer HyneBoMy
    LTab pacxoAy.
    Macurra6 14 noJllocHoe paccronu'ne / oflpereJqlorcfi H3
    cJleAyloqeft $opvy.ttlt :
    T. 'e. cper,Hnfi pacxoa Qila paBeII ral{feHcy yrna HaK"IoHa mv
    {rprrMofi ab K ocr,r a6cqucc. llpu yMeHbIIIeIIHHI{HTepBana T- ( 16-14)
    uia"a", ToqKa b
    h,To6 go 6ecxoseqHo rrla.rroftBeJIHqI'IHbI mT tnQ
    coflbeTcq c roqxoir a H rrpsMag ab craser xacare.nlsofi
    rJ? m,gr - trtacurra6 o6leMoe cToKa Ha liHTerpaJlblrofi
    K HHTerpaJIbHoIlxpnnofi B To'IKe 4.
    '
    C.ireao'eareJIbHo: xpHnofi;
    m T - rvracurra6 BpeMeHH Ha LIHTerpaJIbHofi KpI'IBOft;
    dW
    Q- ^ : tga, (16-12) nr
    e
    - uaciura6 pacxo4oB BoAbI Ha npauofi KM
    a1 (Qrr. 16-15,e).
    paccrosHunI nPuza'
    nor'IlocHoro
    ltrpuuep.Onpe,te.neHne
    MOMeHTa BpeMeHHpacxo.u BoAbI BbI-
    T. e. lI,JIfl Ka.>KIOTO ffiw t7l7 r ,nQ
    ,[,aHrrhIX SHarI'eHI4flX ,
    pall(aercfi TaHfeHcoM yrJla HaILIIoHa K o'clt a6cqucc lr^aca'
    TeJIbHofi K l{HTerpanbHofi KPHBoft. ffiT : I cYrru : 86 400 ceK. B l c n ;
    llpn onpeAeJreHr.iu qHcJreHHorosHaqeHr{rlpacxoAa BoAbI ffi v/:2 uav' u3 s I ca',
    B ainnufi'MoMeHr rro r,rHrerpanb'oft KpHBofi Heo6xoALIMo fttQ :5 n z f c e r cn I c n ;
    yrlecrb Macura6bl BpeMeHI{ mTlr o6beMoB ffiw, HCnO'IIb-
    3oBaHHbIe npu nocrpoeHuu uuterpanruofi KpHBofi' 2 000000
    t: : 4 '64cu'
    3saqenne pacxoAa BoAbI c yl{eroM Macura6oB ttt T fr 804oo-b
    tn v onpeAeJrr.rrcflno $opvtyle:
    Ec.un ,uHTerpaJIbHyIo Kpt{Bylo B,? "uJursnnRn'tri nep?IoA
    BpeM,eHHCTp,OI{rbB IIpflMOy'rOJ'IbHbIX KOOpAHHaTaX(Qnr.
    mw.
    tga (16-13) t'6-16,41, fu, qro6u ue mGrycurb qeprex(a 6o'nuruoro
    Q: pagMepa no Bblcore, neo6xoAl'IMouacnra6 AJIfl croKa BbI-
    _,
    6upari oqeHb MeJIKHM,qro E gl{aql'ITeJlbaofiuepe sarpyA-
    Hrr,er rpaS,uuecxnft pacuer I'I JIHIIIaeT efo TotlHocrfi.
    llpaxruuecxu 3HaqeHHflpacxoAoB BoAbI Ha HHTerpaab-
    Bo ris6bx(aHue sTof'o HHTerpaJIbHyIo KpI4ByIo o'6btquo
    HbIX KpHBbIx onpeAeJlflroTcffrpasHqecKl{M rlyrenl npfi noMo-
    crposT B BI-I4,gpasuocruofi unrerpa.nlxofi xptnoft croKa,
    ulr.r JlyqeBoro MacIIITaoa.
    ToqKi'I O ypaBHeHI4ercoropofi HMeer cJIe.ryFoulnftBHA:
    An" nocrpoeHut nyqeBoro Macllrra6a I{3
    (Q"i. 16-1b,o) npono4Hrcn roprueoHra"nlHslfi orpe3oK '+k
    npnrraOfiOK, xOropiul B npHHffrolr{ t',tacuna6e Bpe\{eHII , ( ,
    .rnT cooTBeTCTByeronpeAeJIeHHoMynpoMe>KyThTBpe\{eHI{ w;: \ t0 - Qu)dr, (16-15)
    Af. O.rpeaox OK:l fBJrfleTcfi II,oJIIocHbIM pacclbflHgeM 1,,
    nyqeBoro MacIIITaOa. rAe Qo-o6uqso cpeAHnfi pacxol 3a nepuoA T.
    VIs roqKu K npoBoAl{Tcr BeprnKa"IbHafl npfiMafl KM'
    Ha xoropofi B rrlhc'*a6e o6teMoe tL yq oTKJIA.[,bIBaIOTcs flpn nocrp,oeHHl{ rytleBofo ltacruta6a AJIfi paenomn'orl
    npeAcraBJIqloIuHe o6len'Iu croKa LW''' uuT erpa.nnuofi xpNeofi (Qur. 16-16,6) norl'olKeHl{e.ryqa,
    tsBepx orPesKH,
    PA3AEJI TPETHf,. THNPOTEXHHTlECKHE COOPYNEHHfl
    462

    lr0 .n{).,;r,, poI outt0a0 cn 0h't (Q,op)


    Iluuun sapeeytu
    35
    30 Qs
    0e
    25
    tn=0KQ
    4oo r20 Qa
    tl7crnu qHIfl 8rp
    cpc 6o rnxa nc
    q
    900 enaxocntuVo
    flonnon cpo0Dnxa 9roo
    Lt6
    n0ne3H0u Qa
    200 exxocnu (Y2)
    +
    u2r t4 t' t6
    /00
    @uz. 16-17. BodoxpaHtt/Luup no
    Onpeoe,'LeHuee-1'tKocn'tu.
    n
    U
    uHtne?pa.4bHOUKp tlqou cttloKa

    6)v t_lI
    t00 w, nrv
    tg?: (16- 16)
    Tm,

    Hax.nonHne J-ruHr4flHa snr. 16-16,6 COOrBeTCrBylor


    onpeAeneHHoMyo6.berty croKa, nporeKuleMy c Haqara pac-
    cMarpuBaeMoro nepHoAa uPeueuu ?.
    Cx'elra rpaSuuecxcro pacqera 'npeAcraBneHaHa Sllr'
    16-17, r.{e HaHeceHa pa3HocrHaq cyMMapnar KpI{Bas
    6rrrosoro croKa abcde. flo .nyuenoruy uacurra6y onpel.e-
    fifleTcfl HaIG'IOHJlyqa, CoOTBeTCTnyIOrUraft BeJIHqI'IHetpe6ye-
    MOrO BO.lOnOJIbsOBaTeJIfi I{I{ 3aperyJII',IpOBaHHOrO pacxoAa.
    llaparrelbHo yKa3aHiiolry Jryqy npoBoAl.rTcfiKaCaTeJIL,-
    Haq B TOqKe a K cyMMapnofi xpunoft cToKa.
    Bnoaso or Tor{KIl KacaHHr a 6Hrosofi p?cXorg MeHbIIre
    rpe6yeuoio 3aperyJll{poBauHoro_
    -no Qp2pi I;ts' - yBeJIIiqeHI{fi
    € 6hrcnoro pacxola Q.up ueo6xo.lr.*la-cpa6orra none3.
    Horo o6rerua BoAoxpaHnniufa. Sror o6teu oflpeAeJlliTcfi
    orpe3l{oM Op.IHHaTbIbf M'exxy JIHHIIflilII43aperyJlHpoBaH-
    \a
    rroro ru 6urbeo.ro cToKa B MoMeHT ls, KorAzl 6nr"'onofi pac-
    \ xoA crauoBl,lTcs 6,oJlbure 3aperyJll{poBaHHofo.
    \
    C gToro MoMe,HTanpoucxoAl4T HanoflHenue BoAoxpaHI'I-
    JII{qa, upo,loJlx(arcU{eecg .4o Tex nop, uo.i{a- JII4HIIE 3ape.
    rVJrI{D,OBaHIIorO cTOKa He trepecelleT KpEB6fi 6ltlO'e'Opo CTo-
    ;;--iil;i ,1. orpe:or opannaru'cd'uexay "nuuueft
    @uz. 16-16. I'lumezpaltbHafl. Kpusa'fl,_ cmoq& 3aperyJll{poBsHH'orocroKa H I'IltrerpaalHofi xpunofi croKa
    s np n rto y ?ortb Hbtx. u rcocoi ?ortb Hbtx Ko op 0 uHame x np'eaciaeinnet o6teu H36blTocHoro croKa cBepx Qrap, Ko-
    roprrft, ecJrr,rero He.rrb3fi noJre3Ho I{CnOJIb3OBaTb, npeBpa-
    [I,aercfl B xo.uocrofi c6poc. C MoMeHra t5 HaqHHaercfl
    -'Otput* BoAoxPaHI{JHura.
    cpa6orra
    orBeqalouleno cpeAHeMy pacxony Qo, IIp'U'HHMaercsFOpI4- oplrEuar Me)Kly KacareJlbHofi af c 14 KpI'IBofi
    3OHTaJIbHbIM, C.OBIIaAaIOUII{M C noJI,oxeHLIeM ilHHUII IIOJITo'C-
    6urosoro croKa rlpeAcraBJlslor B xaxrtufi MoMeHT cpa6o-
    Horo paccrorHufi O'K' . Jlyutl, orBeqarcurHe qacxqAaM rasnuft o6tev soAoxpaHuJluruaA Vn'
    uenruri Qo, 6ynyt 'pacIIoJIo)KeHbI HH)Ke JIIIHI{H O'K', JIy-
    -pacxoraau llonyuenntte rpa$lluecrllt cnOCo6ou 3HaqeHI4s IIoile3-
    HH, OTBeqaplIUO 6o"llure Qo, 6ylyr Bblue JIH-
    Horo o6leN{a cJleAyer yBeJIHqHTbHa o6lert norepb BoJ'bI
    HL4vtO'K'.
    H3 Bo1oxp,a*Hnr4wa.Vqer norepb B AaHH'olI c"'Iyqae Epo-
    PasHocrnatl lIHTefpaJIbHaffKpI{Bas crora flBJIflercfi LIH' i.3B,O,.4HTCfiUO Cp.elnefi BeJrr'rqHHeB9AH,O'FO 3epKaJIa Bo.[o-
    terpa"uruo'fi xpueoft, nocrpoeunofi B l{oooyfo"4u-riblXMop- xpaHI.{JIHx{a3a nepl4o.( cpa6otnu.
    luHarax, qro BHAHous $u,r. 16-16, 6- A;rg onpe.reJleHHfleMKccTH,Tleo6xo-u{Mol'i l'Jrfl,noJlHoro
    Cpe.r,HeMy 3,apefyJriipoBaHuficToKa 3a I{HOnOJIeTHUft UepltoA, cJIeIyeT
    J[HHHq Qo, HaKJTOHXOrOpOfi COOTBeTCTByeT
    npbeecrg K pasuo'ctuofi unrerpa;Iluofi rpueofi 3a Mnoro-
    3HaqeHHFo pacxoAa sa paccMarplisaeMttil nepuoA (cru.
    .netngl'r nepHoI ABe fopLI3oHTaJIbHbIe KacaTeJIbHbl'e:Bepx-
    Qnr. 16-16,a), renepb 3aHsJIa ropnaoHrarbHoe noJIo)Ke- -
    - ToqKe xpnsoft A lI HrI4)KHIoIo
    HLre, a npelriurfl ocb a6cqracc (ocn npervrenlr)-HaxJIoHHoe Hroro x Cauofi sbrcoxoft
    x cavrofi HIlsxofll b.
    noJroxeHHe, ilpurreM yroJr ? MelKAy ropll3ouTanrnoit JIH-
    nnefi cpeAHero pacxoAa Qo H sax.rrosuofi ocblo BpeMeHI'I Bepruranrttufi ,orpe3oK bc oflpeneJllet Jpe6yeMylo no-
    onpeAerflercq no Qopuyne: Jre3HyIo eMl(ocrb Boloxpaul{Jrl{ut (Qu.. 16-18), I(orop'afi
    |JIABA AECTHALIIATATL B()nOXpArlHJnrrrlA
    463

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    Quz. 16-18. OnpedeJteHue erttrcocmu,


    ueo6xoduaort @uz. 16-20. I-papurc dtz pacuema rw.Hl?otemHe?o
    dtn no,,i.tto?o
    supe?y,LupolaHuiL
    crnoKa p e?yrtupo9aHuu rtpu p:Q,/$

    o'6lt.Iil,o uolyr{aeTcfl OrIeHb 6O.nruor}. ftrosrouy TaKaff BbI- (ceeorinyrc) 7..., seo6.xoAnlryro AJrs BbrpatsHr.rBaHr{fl BHy-
    coKat_ cTeneHb peryJtripoBaHHs,cToKa BecbMa peAKo Mo- rpr{roAoBbrx (cesounux) xo"re6aHlrfi crora.
    x<er 6rrrt Aocrr{rHyra. Mero.qauu MareMarnqecrcoilcrarncTrzKn o6uq,Ho CInpeAe-
    Ans peueHufi o-6parnofi sa1aqn - orpeAeJreHus BeJrlr- nrrlor MHoroJrerHlorc cocraBnflrorqyrc eMKocrH V"*, sHa-
    TIICHbI3ap€ryJlI{po:BZHHollo paCxoAa tlpH saAaHHoM nOJl,e3- qeur{e xorcpofi xapaKrepr.r3yercfl roo$QrauueHror,r MHo-
    HoM o6lenno BoIoxpaHr{ltrula Vn-vo>xuo BociloJlb3oBarb- rorerirefi eMKocrr.r:
    cfl cJle4yrour4M irocTpoeHHeM:rrap,a;lnunbHoK Aa,HHoriHH-
    lerpaJibHoft xpueofi croKa (Qurr. l6-19) crpor{rcs aHarro- ^ I/r,,,
    ftlqHafl r4HTerpaJrb'HaflKpHBaH, orcrosrqas or Aaugoft Ha Fruu:;t', (16_lT
    l4l 0
    orp$oK ab, orseuarculuft o6tevry Vn i KpHBaq 6urosoro
    croKa - JrHHufl .I - cooraercrByer sarroJiHeHHoMy B,oAo- 14 Be.[ucHHy 3aperyJrupoBaHHoro foAoBoro croKa V p,
    xpaHuJrau{y, a napaJrJreJrb,Ho r sefi nocrpoeHHan nvuttsr 2- T. e. rapauTr{poBaHgofi orAaqu 3a ro.q, xapaKTepr{eyeuyb
    opa6orauHofi euxocrn V t . x , o e Q Q u q H e H T o M e a p e r y n H p , o , Ba H 1 4s :
    llpono4a o6uryro KacarerrbHyro ab'c x o6eilnn cyMMap-
    [IblM KpHBbrM, Ofip,el1eJrflFoT JrHHrzro SapefyJrrip,oB,aHHo,fo wo
    cro,Ka, tto HaKJroHyKoropofi, uo.nlsyflcb ryqeBbrM Mac[rra-
    'wo ' (16-18)
    6ou, ycraHaBJrHBaror3HaqeHHe saperyJrr{poBaHHo,ro pac-
    xoAa 6pyrro, Hg Koropono c[enyeT Bhrqecrb rrorepH Arfl r,,.e vo - cpelHeunoronersuii roAosoft cToK.
    iloryrieHuq Qrup ll2, 22, 261. PacseiH peryJrup.oBaHuff cToKa MeToAoM MareMarr{r{e-
    e) Pacraerat'oodoxpauurtuu,a amodou tnaretura,Tuuecrcort crofi crarr4crtKr rrrpoa3Bo{flTCfl ,cyN{Mr.IpoBaHHeM KpI{Bbrx
    cra,TucruKu npHMeHffrcTcffr,TaBHbrMo6pasou npn Muofo- o6ecneqeuHocru f,oloBbrx croKoB ll ganorneHl.lfi MHofoJrer-
    JIerHeM peryJrupoBar:ar4 croKa. llo"'resuyro elrKocrb raKr.rx H,efi ellxocru BoAoxpaHr{Jrurrla. Pac.rerlr oTH .4ocr?TorrHrG
    BOAOXpaHHJiHilI yCJTOBHO
    MO)KriOpa3Agirr{TbHa ABe COCTaB- cJrox(Hbr,14 B np,aKTr4KeiipoeKTHpoBaHl4sAJrs onpe,4,eJreHHfl
    ngrculue: 1) MHoroJrerHroroV*o, ucuoJrbgyeMyroAJrfl Bbr- BHaqeHafi usononerrneli eMKocrtr V nyH,clroiib3yrorafi rpa-
    paBHHBaHr.rsxo.rue6anrafiroAoBbrx croKoB, 14 2\ roAuqnyro Qnxu, cocraBJleuubre HHII{. fl. O. flneurxosrrrr4 [29]; oHH
    rrpelcraBJreHbrHa @ur. 16-20 +-16-25 H Aaror cBfi,3b
    V unt i43 Mex(,qygHaq€HHflMIr r<oaQQrarlneHroe p,r", s, Cv n o6ec-
    *tfcer neq,erlHocrbro p: Prn: l(o, Cv, p). fpaSuru JHx{. llaeur-
    KoBa nocrpoeHbr AJrt pa3Jrr.rqHbrxsuaqeHufi: saperynnpo-
    llonfiroru ofoeu foiloxponulu,
    4a-90unt uJ
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    pacxodos npu sa)auHo-t[ noln$oJw o66e.Me @uz. 16-21. I-pafiurc dan poc,tema .uHozo-
    - Bodoxpoualwula rtemHe?o pe?yJlupo*oHuflnptt p-Q,$Q
    PASTEJI TPETHN. THTPOTEXHHqECKHE COOPY)KEHHfl
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    0,6
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    KosQSuqueHTa
    (ao a :0,90), trlH'orofielHefi eMK'ocrl'I ^9*t,
    u3MeHrII'IBocru roAoBoro croKa (ao
    :0,8) pr o6ecneqesuocrrr(p:0,75, 0,80; 0,85; 0,90; 0,95;
    0,97). Ans npoMexyroqHblx guaqesnfi o6ecneqesHocru
    perueHl{e
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    eHHr{ yKa3aH'HbIxrpa$nxoB [pHHHMaJIocbpaBHbl]t yABo'eH- .L[HO?OLenlHe?o pe4) nupoBaHIrfr
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    OiIIpeAe.TIHTb
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    MHOFOJI€THOTO pe'ryJIlIpOBa:H]/rfl, TpeTbIO MO)I(HO
    n,o yKa3aH'HbtMrpaQltxau. foJrerirrolo cocraBJlfiIoil{YCI rIOileSHOft eMI(O'CTH UO QOptrlyne
    Plcqer lisoro"rtetHeft coctasrslouleft uo'Jle3Hoft eMl(ocrll (16-17):
    Vn no npaQi.rxann uHlK. flreuKoea flpo'n3BoAl4T'cfiB cJIe- V vu: 9 W r.
    AyrouleM nopflAKe: fori14tIHyIo (cesounyro) cocraBJIfl Ioulyrc
    xapaKTe,pucrHKHcroKa
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    te.nefi, eHarreHue 3aperyJllaposaHHofi orAaql{ V p , co'orBer- gces:o(?".*-M), (16-le)
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    Quz. 16-23. I-pa$urc dttn pacaema -^rHo?o- 'r V^ -3aperynupoBaHHaq or,naqa BKJltoqaer n o r e p H ( o r a a s a
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    465

    BcJelcte,tlesroro hpnpocr orAaqn 'Herro ((rur. l6-26)


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    nupa6orxt KBT-tt aHeprHH npn tpa3Hbrxlranopax.

    Ta6nuu,a 16-4
    1. OcHoeHbIe3aBncr{MocTr{
    H rroJro)KeHnq KoflHqecreo ,az3norlu AJrfl nupa6orru | rcor-q gueprur,r

    PerylapoBaHr4ecroKa Ha ilepet{eHHyroorraqy B ocHoB-


    HoM npor.r3BoAHTcrBoAoxpaHHJrHuratur, o6cryxcuearc[IHMH
    Hanoput hgp n .n l5 25 bU 75 100
    B 9H,C.Tr0Ilpoqux B'o.r,ottoJrb3oear'e"'refi
    3,Ht:preriiKy. 3uepre-
    ruqecral)r sQ$exr pa6ortr Bo,qoxpaHa"'ruura salricirr Kax KorHqecreo tf
    oT 3HarIeHHfi 3apefyJ'Itrp,oBa,HHofopaclio.la Q, TaK kI oT BoAbr, Heo6xo-
    Be.IIHrrHHbrHanopa h. Moqsocrr At rnApoa.'reKTpocraHrlul{ BbI-
    AHMOe A.'lf
    Ha Salr{HMaxreHeparopoB paBHa: pa6orxn | rcem-' I
    S H eprr{rr 30 l8
    N: cQh KBnt. (r6-20)
    INABA II]ECTHAN,UATATI. BO.T.OXPAHIlJI H IITA
    469
    OcuoeHHr,4 na:paueTpoM nn,4p,ocrag[nH
    rrprH ttp,nHrrroM ro floBbrrrraer 3aperyJrHpotsaHHocrb np]rroKa K cyuecrByro-
    Hnr rurApoysJra rBnsercrr ycrauooneHHar uouln,ocrr
    ry'y,
    paBHas ryrr,lvapuort MouIHocrH reHeparopoB,
    --r-- $evty BoAoxpaHH.nHUy H r.ily6rlna cpa,6orxu ero Aonlr{Ha
    Hbrx Ha rOC. tycraHoBJreH-
    "" 6urs coortsercrBeHHo yMeHbrueHa. Haobopor, yqer pery_
    , JIl{pyrcuero BrlrrflHt4fl pa'ccMaTptrBaeM,oro
    Muuplrualustrrl fla,tlo,p, u,p4 KoropoM pa6o.ra BoAoxpaHr{iirHula
    o6ecleq,urgaer,rroJry.reute,B,c^eri ry:p6r.lHur Ha rHApo,y,cTaHoB,Kax, parcnoJrox(eHHbrx Hl{x(e eIU, npHSO_
    J"o*nnnanlgoir) Mou{Hocry nHT, KaK rIpaBHJro, K yBefiIrqeHHro eno no.neggorl eMKocrli
    neHeparopa''Ha3blBaeTcff pacqerHbrM rlo
    MoulHocTlr raflo-
    p o g T y p 6 H H b r -h p . r y 6 . '
    flp,u Harrrop,a,x na f5t 6onsue hp.rypo Bcer4a odecne_
    u"lu::::,,.n_o,{I:-:n"e Ha FAC uou+iochu, paauori Nr.
    r^! 1"^T.f.T::::* 4efrcmvrcqer'o
    nan'o'pisa roc rpor',B
    ,rp.ryp6 cH'X(aeTcfi no cpaBHeHHIO C fry MOUIH,OCTb
    arp,efa_
    TOB THAPOCTAHUHHB COOTBCTCTBI4H
    C OTPAHI,IqCHI'IffMH, HA-
    KJIa,IbIBaeMbrMH xa,paKTep,Hcruxofi ry,p6,iranor"
    BAHHfl. [oAAep]r(_HBaTb ypoBeHb BO.rLbrB Bo,(oxpaHr{Jrr{ule Ha Bo3-
    "O"pyao_
    Max.cllmaJbHafl ,Morr{,Hocrb fgc, MO')KHO60Iee BbIcoKHx oTMeTKaX ll cpa60rxy Becrn r'rr.rrub
    Koropaq MoxeT 6uru -
    n.oJryqeHa npu AaHHOM Hanope h{hp.rypa, A . n s o 6 e c n e r { e H r r r rr a p a H T r { p o e a H H o f i o i a a q n .
    p a c n ' o J r a r a e u o f in o u i n o p y
    M o u" uH
    =ru
    ouc" or, b r o
    THAPOCTAHIIAI{.
    OCHO,SH,bTI'AH BOAHOSHCPI'CTHqCCKI{MA IIOKA3ATCJIflMIH PA60. 2. Pexnvr padorbr BoAoxpaHHJrHrrIa
    TbI
    .'HAPOCTAHUI,IH NPII NPI{H'TbIX HNf T'TN V gIBJIffIOT,Cfl:
    a) roroBar nupa6olra eueprurefdC _
    remsnnt_ nepao[ Jrer (cpeau6,unoroaeurna) 3a Ltru_ Pexuna pa6orlr BoAoxpaHHJrHrqaHa paaunuuoii peKe,
    j
    "i"o"u"
    HanpfiMep, cxeMarrqecKH Mox<er 6urn oxapaKTepH3oBaH
    ^,-:l^I3-quHrxpoBaHHan orAaqa B BuAe coorBercrByroulux
    3HaqeHJ{H cpeAgecylorrHbr{(cpecHenrecxunux) cJle,qyroqnM o6paeou.
    --' vr,outHocreli lloc,te ol{oHqaHl{fl noJlo,Bo,a.bfl
    H 3anoJIHe,HHrBo.4oxpaHu-
    B pacrrerHuft ManosoAsnrfin'epzo,a (roa) .
    MaxcunaaJrbHbre gHaqeHH,norasarenerl rHApocraHrlrau Jfi{ilra 40 Hnf B req,egue nelHefi r{ex(eHa rrepe3 rirapo-
    [OfiYqAIOTCg cTa'HrIHro[pofiy,cKaroTcrr pacxoAbr rr,pLIToRaH Jrlilub B CJry-
    NPH OIPCACJICHH'IX; ONTI{MAJIbHbIX, 3HAqCHI,I'X qa,e Hx HeAocraro.quo,clir{trJrfi o6ecne,renus rapaHTnpoBaH-
    cpa6orru no4oxpaiuJrurrla, ycrauaBJIHBaelrbrx Ha oc_
    n,ofi or,1arrH rrpoucBolulcx. cpa6orra BoAoxpanx.nraura.C
    HOBe aHaIIH3a SaBr{cr{MocrHBbrpa60rxu gHepfHlr u
    rapaH- Haqaila 3HMbI AO rtOHUa M,eXeHI{ ITpOH3BOAHT,Cfl II,O,CTene:H-
    Tr{poBannofi naouluocru or r.rry6rnuucpa6orxu (e".. l6_2g).
    Har cpa6orxa HaKonr{Brrrnxcfl e Bo.{oxpaHHnHrrIeBbrrrre
    vrasaHHafl 3aB'c'Moctr cipo'T\crl ,,o aa,irnlru pacr]er;oB
    JTHHLIH rapatirr4,poeaHHofi or4arru <<trg6utxoe> cro,Ka.
    rapaEruposaHHofi MoulHocrr{ r.r roAoBofi nnrpa6orr{r{
    enep_ IopgAor cpa6orxlr <<us6nrxoe> croKa B Teqeur.re3HM-
    fu}{ rnf' HecKoJIbKHXgRaceHr.Ifi oTMerKH Cpa60rxr.r
    BoAo- Hero nepuo4a Moxer 6urr HasHaqeHpa3nHrrHbrM: I{JrHrrpr4
    xpaHHJIHIqanpH irpuHsToM 3HarreHlrHHnf.
    yaJr,oBI,rEpannovep'u.0fi cpa6orxrE B TeqeHEe 3HMbr ocraiB-
    AJrfl BOAOXpaHunwt! c npHrrJroTHHHbrMH rlrApocTaHrlr4fl- [Ierocfl r( r{oHrly .nerse-oceuuerl Mex(eHH o6reua Bonbr B
    Mr.r onrrrM arrbras, rny6nua cpa6orxa, npu KoTopoft
    raercfl MaKCr4MyMfapa'Tr.Ipo,eauHofi ornaqu,. aocru_ BoAoxpanr.rJrnuleBbrue ilurrirt rapaHTupoeaHHofiorAaqn,
    e' 60aru'n- LrJrLrnpz 'yc.roeu_u pa[o3ry Bo.Aoxpaaarrr4rr\ac paaxoAaMu
    cocraBrrner 2,_g00lo or no;iHoro Harropa . BOAbrqepe3
    tr: Ty:aeB _
    r 9L. l JryoI{Ha ,Cpa6'o'rxzorpaHHrrl{Baercf TaKX{e ycJroBiiff- ryp6inurr r3C Qrvp6 , Ha3HaqaeMbrM[B Teqe-
    HHe s.r4M'HeFo Irepfi,o.uaB co,orBercrBnz co cJreAyrourefiSop_
    ryp6uu, rax xar npz 6o.nouenyo",iyOn.r"" uy.rror?:
    . cpa6orxz
    9.P19_9tut ,ncoornercrByrcrqevr nalesrau Hanopa npoucxo_
    AHT pesr{oenoHH)KeHHe {- n. ,4. MauHH H pacno.naraeMbrx AVrza* A il2."*
    tro Haropy MorrlHocr,efifOC. (16-23)
    fipn HaJr{4qLtv
    Qryp6:
    AT ,
    Aocraroquo Harexnblx nporHo3oBcro,Kd
    4ocTHlI{€HrHe uarcultanr,uori .nrtpa60trn gH€pfJzI4MOX(e,f
    6urs o6ecreq,euo. npl aq0$epeuilnpoeaunorl ipa6orKe Bo_
    .4oxpa'HHJIItqa (,rury6oxofi- nepea MHoroiBor,HbrMH.rroJr,o_ rle LVusa -ocraBurptitcs, us6rrroqsrrfi o6teu BoAbr B
    Bo.EbflMr.rLI Menee r.ny6orofi fiepeA MaJloBoruur'rn). BOAOXpaHIIJIHUIeBbIrue JII;IHHH rapaHTH-
    llpa orcyrcrrBnr.r flporH,osoB cioxa .u Ha npeABapnTeJrb_
    IbIx cra4urx n;p.oeKTHpoBaHEq rrq [oryqeHus uaxCuvalr- ?,":ff;;' ;L Ko'ua
    Lw=,-31"T'X"^i"'f'tt?
    i4.aupa6orrrn sHepr.aufla rn4pocrauuur{ npeAycMarppr_ 3I{MHeio nepHona oT MoneHTa ti Ao
    tsaeTcfl €xer,'o,Auo cpa6orxa Ao oAnoro <(A,HcrerqepcKoro)> Iro'HuaMexeHH t p (npu orcyrcrBnlr np,o-
    ropH3oHTa, roroprrfi npnHHMaercfl B coorBercrBHr4
    c pe-
    rH,o3oBMoxHo rpHHqrb LW ,paBxrbrM
    3ynbraraMH ,pacceToB AJrfl CpeAHHX fHAp,oJrofHqecKHxyc- cpeAHItM 3HarleHHglt cTo,K& 3a MHOIO-
    .nosufi. nerue);
    AT : (tn --t) - rp,o{o"rxureJrbHo,crb nepuoAa or M.oMer{-
    ra t i 40 KoHIIa uexesU /ft.
    PexouesAyeuufi pex(HM cpa6orrH <<HB6I,Irroe>croKa
    o6ecneqnnaer o6uquo noJryqeHne MaKcr.{Myruanlrpa6orxu
    SHeprHH 3a neprrol Me)KeIrH,TaK KaK B TerreHHesHaqH-
    learuofi ee qacrr.r ("rrero-ocenl) B BoAoxpaHuJrI4ulenoA-
    lyIerKHcpa60rxn K KoHuy rrepBoro roAa pacqerHono MaJro-
    Aep)KHBaForcflno B03Mo)KHocru 6o.ree BbrcoKHe ypoBHH
    BOAHOTO nepno.4a. H TeM caMbrM 6o.nrurue Hanopbr; npu ?ToM s 6onrurrHcrBe
    Onruuaniuoe 3naq.eHr.renoaegsofi eMKocrrr BoAoxpaHH- Jr'er s saMHHrt ue,pJ4oAeupa6orra aHeprnrr{ ttoBbrrxaercs.
    nHula u coorBerclByrouas eMy ray6nua cpa,6orxn Dre- Or yxaaannoft o6uleft cxeutr pexnMa pa6orsr
    BoAoxpaHr{-
    HffrcTcflB 3aBHcLIM,ocrH
    or cTeneHHHcnoJrbgoBSHI{q rBo4Hbrx nurrla Mofyr 6um re HJrH LIHbreorK"rroHeHug,BbI3bIBaeMbIe
    PecypcoBB 6acc,efiue,p,eKr{. KaK rHApoJroruqecKnMHycrroBr-rsMH (ocenHue nasoAKn),
    \-o3AaHHe HoBoro BoAoxpaH[Idfiura'Bblue cyqecrByroiue- TaK U C[€rIH?.,'rbHbrMtl rpe6onauuR,ulr BoAorlonb3osarerefi.
    'sf,
    &{'
    PA3,4EJI TPETHII. TIIIIPOI'EXHI.TTTECKHE COOP'/')KEI{14'I
    470
    HarrpHuep, rronrepx(aHr,re BbrcoKr{xyposHeii Bolbr B Bo- Or ynasar{Horo pex(rrMa pa6oru B orAeJrbHbrxcJryqaflx
    ,4OXpaHilJil,rille B nepBbre 3r.rMHr.re
    Mccflrlbr II coKpauleHHe Moryr 6rrrn re n,rr Apyrrre orKJroHeHrrrr. Hanpnnaep,
    TeM caMbrM AJruTeJrbHocrr,r nepuoAa cpa6orrn MoiKer npn. nprr AocraroqHo 6oauuroli nponycxrrofi cnoco6uocrn
    Becrr{ K }IeB03MoxHocrH lrcnorb3oBarrHq srraqrrre.nsHoii rH,l.pOCTaIII{HH ycKOpeHrHe HaII0JIHeHHR BO,lOxpalIHi'ILIilIa B
    qacTr.rMoITIHocTI{rIApocTat{ur'ilr B l'loMeHTbInpoxox.leHrrR HaqaJre n,oJloBoAbq 3a crreT pa.6oTbr CTaHTIHH Ha fapaHTH-
    Mar(cr{MyMoBcyTorrHbr\ Hafpy3oK Bo BTopol.r . noJ'roBHrrc poBaHHyro orAaqy Moxer npHBecrH K 6oaee 6urcrporrly
    3HMbI. noBbrureHHro Hanopa rr cooTBeTcTBytoueMy yBeatrqeHr.tlo
    3ro no/,'r'ox(,eHI4e, IIlIercuIee Ba>KI{oe 3HaqeHHe .1llfl H,H3- nnpa6orxn 3r{eprHrr 3a neprioA no,'IoBoAbfl.
    Ko- r{ cpcAHeHanopHbrx I'3C, o6rqcHrercfl reM. qTo pac- flpu oruocr{T,eJrb;io ueuuurer? nponycr<uofi cnocodu,ocrli
    x o , I b r ' B , o A b r ,n o , c r l i n a r o u n e B H n ; N u l t i i 6 u e $ , n p n c o K p a - f3c ueaeco.o6,pa3HbrIl flBJrfleTtCfl B MiH,O|OBOAHbre[OJro-
    [ L e H L u . I A J r H T e J r b H o c r r rn e p H o A a c p a 6 o r x u BoAoxpaHrrJrrrula BO/:Ibff 3a'Me,IJI'eHHeHanOJI,HeHHqBO.4OXpaHHJItilIIa nO CpaB-
    BOSpacTaIoT Ao Beirrrr{HH, BbI3brBaIoulrrx.B 3l.rMHrrx ycJro- H e H H I , OC p e ) K H M O M T O p H 3 O H T O BO
    , n p e A e f i q e M b l M J r H H H e l "r ra -
    Bl4flx 3HaqHTeJrbHoe rroBbllrleHue yponnefi BoAbr B Hr.r)KHeM p a H T r r p o B a H H o f t o r r a q H ; aro 3aMeAJreHHe npHBoAr.rr K
    6re$e BoAoxpaHHJrHura H TeM car!{br},r y:\{eHbureH}re Harro- yMeHbueuHro'xoJrocrrrx c6pocoB I{ yBeJrr,rqeHrrrcnrrpa6orxu
    poB ri pacflorTaraeMbrx no HanopaN{ uoursocreri fAC. 3Hepruu 3a nepHoA noJroBoAbfl.
    Vroqses.He p,ex(HMa Han,oJrHeHHfl BoAoxpaHHJrHUra c
    B ireplroA nCI/roBo.lbrr uaA;rexau{liii yrreT Ier.icr'enq Ha- gHeprLrH Mo-
    ueilbro AocT[.I)Ke:HHq \{aKc!.rMyMa eupa6otxl.t
    nOpa MOX(eT O,lia3aTb CyIqeCTBeHHOe BJi.lflHI{e Ha I{C,IIrO'JIb-
    )KeT 6i,rrn o6ec,ileqeiro rryreM trpuMeHeHus nrporHo3oe tro-
    3o'BaHIIe Hs6HtKo'e .croKa.
    rloBo.lHor,o cr,oKa (crr. crp. 459).
    O6rrqno B noJroBoAbe B cJryqae ycraHoBJreHrrfi yponnefi ilpu 3anc.rHeHur.t BoAoxpaHHJrHUra B nepuo,il noJro-
    BOAU B BOAOXparrHJrrril{eBbr[re roprr3oHToB, oflpeAeJrfleMblx BOAbq MO)KeT OKa3aTbcfl Heo6xoAHMbrM o6ecue,{izrb TaK-
    nusuefi rapaHTHponasHori orAaqH, qeaecoo6pasuo nepe- >Ke onpeAeneuuttfi pexl{M HanopoB, Aocraror{Hblx AJrg
    xoAHTb ua pa6ory c ucno.[b3oBaHHer{ no"rsofi nponycxuofi cHflrr{fl rpe6yenaux sHeprocHcreuoft uouluocrefi rr.rApo-
    cnoco6socrnryp6r.rH. CTAHIlI,IH.

    cfpa cot Pocxo0orHUu(//eec

    800
    600
    u0
    200

    foluJosnor
    w
    /26

    /20
    flanhPy f 7"'
    20

    Pacnoticezeuorc
    n0 flann!! Mnulnncinuf not tfn CleiHeuecn,fibt€ M0t4H0clTtu f morc rfn
    70
    60
    .50
    40
    a
    20
    t0

    @uz. 16-29. Xpouo?pa.n-ttbtlne-rreHmorpeJfiu.ttapafiotnu sodoxpaHurtut4au ?udpoateampocmaHq,uu


    TJIABA IIIECTHANUATAfl . BO.qOXPAH IIJTI,IIIIA
    471
    flprruep BoAHo3HcpfertrqecKoto pacqera npr.rBeAcnB A/toic
    Ta6il, l6-5, B Koropoft rrp0HgBoArrrcrr ata-
    Bbrr{H'srreHlrrr t(6f

    Jrorl{qHora6.n. l6-3.
    Pesynrraru BoAHosHepferr{qecKux p3c{eroBzBS MHoro-
    nerHufi nepnoA noKa3aHbrHa Qnr. 16-29 B BHAe xpo-
    HorpaMM xone6aulifr: a) ypo,eueii BoAbr B BepxHeMH Hr.rlK-
    I{eIu 6reQax tsoloxpaHl{nfirqa; 6) rp'ocXo[orBrB,o4brE Hr]K-
    [IeM,6rcQe,BoAoxpa'Hr{Jn4u{a; n) HanopoB rr.rApoarar{(I,rH;
    r) cpeAHecyr,oqHbrx (cp,e4Hevrecnuurrx) H pacrnoJr,araeMbrx
    Eo Haflopy lrouluocrefi ru.lpocraHrlr4tr; x) ,foAoBbrxtsbrpa-
    6orox gH,epr,I{H,a raK)r{e ,B B,I4Ae rpa@uxon rnpoAoJr)KH-
    rerrbHocru orreMeHroBpexnu,ra f3C (Qur. 16-30).
    3ru rpaQuxu crpoffTcfl nyrel{ pacnoro)KeHfiq n y6ur-
    BaIou,eM nopsAr(e sHaqeHufi BoAHoaHeprernqecKnxxapaK-
    repucrr.rK sa unoro.nersnft psA. O6ecneqeHHocrb (n npo-
    ueHtax) KaxAoro qJIeHa ptAa onpeAeJrflercfl rro Qop-
    MVNE:
    m
    p : ; - ) , (16-24)
    rAe fix - nopfl4xourrft HoMep qJreHa pfiAa;
    n- o6u1ee qucJro rureHoB psAa.
    Cna.[2, 8, L2, L8,22]. @uz. 16-30. I-padtu.rcnpodonJlcurneJlbHocmu zodoeom ow-
    pnfomorc aHepzuu u c7tedue-vecflttHbtx-ttot4uocmert
    3. CyrouHoe peryJrr{poBaHue
    llpra cpeAHecyroqsofi Morrlgocru rlrApogJreKTpocraHrrHH,
    rrrir caMiHXrirApocraguui:i, s oco6eHHocrr.iHr.r3Ko-ri cpeAHe-
    MeHbrxefi ycraHoBJreuuofi,f3C pa6oraer B TeqeHfie cyroK
    HanopHbrx.
    c nepeMeuHoii or4auerl, Koropaq Aocruraer sau6o,nnurero
    Aas cyAoxoAcrBa ociroBHoe 3HarIeHHe u\{eer IIor'IHaf
    SHaqeHr.rsB lracbr [poxoxAeHr4fl MaKcHMyMa Hafpy3Kr{. ocTaHoBKa IHApOCTaHrIr.rr{ Hnr4 pe3Koe coKpau{eHHepac-
    Tarofi pelKHM pa6oru rnAposJreKTpocraHrruuB TeqeHr.re xoAoB qepe3 typ6uHu B TeqeHHeAocraror{Ho .nJrHTeJrbHo-
    cyroK fiBJrflercfi Halt6o.nee BbIroAHbIM, TaK KaK nogBo..ilger ro BpeMeHHcyroK (4-6 uac.). 3ro npunorrrr K nonrd)Ke-
    yMeHbIIIHTT ueo6xoirr{Moe KoJIHqecrBo reflJroBbrx MotrlHo- HHro ypoener? tso.fbr ,r.t)Terr caNtbrM cyAoxoAHbrx r;ry6uu
    crefi s oHeprocucrerrle[2]. B HIIx(HeM6reQe B HaBurauuouulrrl flepuoA B TerreHnecn-
    Ko.ne6auns uouluocrefi rHApocraHrIHrr rrpu cyror{HoM pe4erenuoft qacru cyroK. B 3HMHee BpeMfi rioJre6arrHfi
    peryJllrpoBaHHH npoucxoAflT Aocraro'qHo pe3Ko (crrr. Sur. yponuefi npfi cyrorrHoM pervirHpoBaHlllr Morvr ,Hi\{€Tb,BJr?rff-
    16-14,6); B TerreHHeoqeHb KoporKoro BpeMeHHMorrlHocrb HHe Ha yc-rroBufl guMo'BKHcyAoB E 3aroHax. VxasanHne
    THAPOCTAHIIHI{ MOXET BO3PACTH OT H}TJIfi AO iiOJIHOft YCTA- o6croqre"trbcrBa Ha peKax c pa3BHTbrMcy,loxoAcrBoM Bbr-
    HoerenHofi. sbrBaroTB pflAe cJ'ryqaeBofpaHHrIeHHeipa6oTbr fI.{ApocTaH-
    A,ns ilepeperyJrlrpoBaHr.iqpaBHoMepHoro B reqeHrle cy- rIr{rHB p€>KHMeCyTOTTHOTO pefyJlrpoBaHprf, qTo npHBoAI{T
    TOK npHTOKa B HepaBHOMepHyrooTAaqy B cooTBeTcTBr.iH
    K HeAolrcnoJrb3,o,BaHlrro l{otr{Hocrn fOC.
    c cyTorrHbrM pex(E\{or\{ MorrlHocTefi rpe6yercq ycrpoficrBo
    Bsrpa6orxa oHeprrlH rHAposJ-reKTpocraHr{HH B pe3yJrr,-
    BoAoxpaHr-rJruulacyrorrHoro peryJrr{poBanufr. Etr,rxocrt Bo- Tare ee pa6oru e pexr.rr{e cyrorrHono peryrTapoBaHaff B
    AOXpaHI,TJIHIIIaCyTOqHOTOperyJrHpOBaltnfr. orrpeAeJrseTcs se6onriuoft crerreHr.xyivreuluaerca2. 3ro o6yc;rbn"uuBaercfl
    ta6.nuquuu cnoco6ou r4rrv.rpa0uuecxu flpr{ rroMoulr{ HH- Ter\r,qro sa qacbr pa6orrr f3C cpe4lrufi yponeHb HHxHero
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    peryJIlIpoBaHHHnpoBoAflTcflMeToIaMU rHApaBJrHKpr HelrcTa- (15-25 tt\
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    Ann r.rJr"r'rrocrpaurrrr
    Hax, xo"le6aHuq yponneft B BepxHeM 6oeSe B cBff3rr c peryJrupoBaHHr{Ha $lr. 16-31 npanolurcx xoA Ko,'re-
    cyToqHbrM peryJrHpoBaHrreMHMelor ne6o"rrr,myrcBeJrr.rqHHy, 6asuft yponneft B psAe
    crBo,poB, pacnoxolKeHHL,rxB Hr{)K-
    roropofi Ha npaKTHKe \{o>r(Ho npene6peur.
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    € o5ur.{Ho .u,ocrufaer HaHBbIculero
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    *s
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    @uz. 16-31. lpasunupacxodoe u yposHert I Hunc-
    Heil 6oeSe aoiioipanu)uu4a npu lia6ome I-7C e
    peilcu.MecyrnovHo?ope?JlJlupoqaHufl
    g - pacro:st B HLrxHev ose$e f3C; 6 - ypoauu B HuiffHerr
    6re0e; crBopbr: /- f3C; 2-eS rcrr or I-3C; 3- e 18 lcr
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    J-I14TEA
    PTYPA
    1. ARBa3bsn B . f . , O n p e , a , e a e n upea c q e r H b rnxo p u o 6 e c u e v e H - i5.KpsqxHfi C. H. u - \ 1e H K e J r b M. @., O6oSqeHnue
    Hocrn rrApognexTDocraHquu,xypHan,fn,uporexnHr{ecKoe crponTenb- npneybr pacqera peryJrnpoBanufl croxa Ha ocHoBe lrareMarlrqecroft cra-
    crnon N +, tg+1. TlrcrHKH, orrypHan crpouTenbcrso" N 2, 1940.
    "ln.u,porexHr.rr{ecxoe
    2. Aft Bagbss B . 1 . , O c u o n u u l e f l o J r o x e H r . tgs H e p r o s K o n o M u q e - i6.Kpr,tuxrzr? C. H. n -NlenrerrsM.<D.,O cnoco6axonpe-
    c[Hx pacqeroB npH npoeKrrrpoBaH-Hr ru.rlpoa,nexrpocrauqafi, rtrypHan .rLeJIeIIHttcesonsoft eMKocrH! xypHa-;r crponrenbcrao'
    "l'naporexnuqecxoe
    N 10-li, 1945.
    "luaporexnlrqecKoecrpoureJrbcrno"N 1-2; 1945. 17. trIuQ a:aoa 14. A., OpraHu3aqurr qaur{ BoJoxpaHlraHula, loc-
    3. ApxaHrenbcrnft B . A . , P a c v e r r rH e y c r a H o B r . r B u r e r. ou c, Bc H -
    aHepFoH3rar, 1946.
    r{eHufl B orKpbrrblx Bo;toroKax,Hs.u,.Ara.{,eur.ruHayK CCCP, 1947. 18. fl s rt H q e n fI. A., Bo.a,noaHepretnqecruil pe:'r(HM ruApoaneKrpo-
    4. Eoqros H . M . , B o . u , u a a c p e rHa H s M e H e H re4ee K a q e c r B a npu craHquft,
    -t9. focaHeprous.4,ar, 1952.
    perynupoBaHuHcroKa xar Sarrop soAoxosqftcrBeHrroropacr{era, Tpy,uu JIsrrEqen f I . A . , B e c n e p e 6 o f i n o e p e r y J r r { p o B a u r r ec r o K a c y q e -
    ne_p_Boro coBeruaHnsrlo penynnpoBaHr4ro croKa, Hs.u,. Ara.u.evun nayr ToM KaTacrpoQuvecrn MaJroBorHbrx ner, ir<ypual r.rlporexunqecroe
    cccP, 1946. "f
    crponreJrbcrso' N 12, 1944.
    5 . I .n J r b , E e u 6 . n a r f l . . I I . ,M a K y n o B B. 8., Celruro- 20. Jl s rr H q e s fI. A., Pery,,rnponaHrre croKa, ngr. ,Bo.u,surft rpanc-
    n e R o s A. _C. (noa pel. C. H. Kpuurorb ri M. A. MdHxenn), He- nopr", 1939.
    ycrauoBHBrrrr.rfics pexau HHx(Eero6te$a ru;LpocraHunn, c6opnur,flpo- 21.MeneueHKo H. T. H flKy6on M. C., Meroanra pac-
    qeTOB HeycTaEOBLIBIIIeTOCg .IIBHXeHHS B OTKpblTblx pyCnax nO IteTOrIy
    6^n^eygpe-ry_nl,lpoBauug perrnoro crora', snrl. 2, uzr,. Ara,r,el,tnn nayr
    cccP, 1948. aKareMHKa C. A. XpncrxaHoBuqa, Idsn. BHIAI4I., r. XXXVIII, 1948.
    22. Hu K H T H tt C. H., Mero.l,uxa Bo.r,HognepreruqecKllx pacqeroB,
    6. Fnnb.[,en6nar fl. lI. n Kasar B . P . , O n u 6 o p eo 6 e c - focanepronsaar, 1949.
    neqeHHocTnnpu pacqere Bo.[,oxpaHuJrHur .[.nflnpor\tbruneHHoroeorocHa6- 23. flaenrxon f. @., Eucrpuir u roqnuft pacqerBonoxpaHfiruur,
    xeHns, c6opnur ,flpo6leuu perynnpoBaH[rl per{Horo croKa", nun. 4, xyPHan ltrpoTexHl{qecKoe crponrenbcreo" N 6, 1939.
    FxaporexnnqecKoe
    us.[,. AKa,u,el,r]ru
    HayK CCCP, 1949. "l
    r r oKno B fl.
    2 4 . 1 1 nI eeuru O . , Co.1enofi pe;rHM pexnM Bo.(oxpa_Hr,rnnur
    Boroxpi (teopr.rn
    f l . O.,
    7 . E q H M o B l i . { n . A . , B o n p o c u rs o a o x o e s f i c r B e H H bp raxc q e r o Br r 14 HH)KeHepHuft pacver;, fuapoxnvn.{ecxnft HHcrr.tryr, c6opHnr -' tr.r.u.po-
    ru.cponornr,r,OHTI4, 1936. ,ruqecKue lrarepnaru",
    xur\ruqecKue XIX, uea. Axa.u,eunu HayK CCCP, 1951.
    I._XIX,
    r.
    8. 3 o.,Ior ap e a T. JI., fnaposneprerr.rKa,focaneprous,u,ar,1950. 25. lI o .rrq K o e E. 8., luapoaoruuecxnft aHaJIH3 H pacrlerbr, Tpy.u,lt
    9. KopeHHcroB . [ . . B . , H c c a e . u , o e a ur r .er u
    a 6 o p y o 6 e c n e v e n H o f t IIepBofo coBeuaHHs no perynHpoBaHHro
    )Boro coBer.llaHHg DervJrHDoBaHHro croKa, croKa. ]r3.I. lrsr. Aranern{I{ HayK HavK
    H ycrutxoBnenHoftnroursocteftru.u,pocranqnH,pa6orarcu1eft c cyroqHbrrtl CCCP, 19,16.
    perynlrpoBanHeM B oHepfernqecroftcucrer,re,c6opunx pery- 26. tl o r a tt o e M. 8., Pery,'tupoaaHne croKa, Ce.rtxogrus, 1940 n 1950.
    nl{poBaHuf,peqHorocroKa", nun. 4, usr. Ara.4erurr.rn HayK"flpo6leuu
    CCCP, 1949. 2T.PoccnHcxnir K. V1., Kystrtnn H.A., Heroropute Bo-
    10. Kpuururi C. H. n M e n r e . r s M . Q . , f n , u , p o l o r u u e c r u e npochr npnrura:Hoft Teopl{u SopvuponaHnl pe'{Hbrx p}-cen, c6opHNr "flpo-
    ocHoBbIpeuHofir[.irporexHnrn,nsr.Axa.u,eMnr.r uayr CCCP, 1950. 6;reuu perynHpoBaHufi peqHoro croKau, eotn. 1, ust. Ara,u,e-\tHH HayK
    ll.Kpxqrnfi C. H., Mesxenr M. O., P o c c r . r n - cccP, 1947.
    c r n ft K. h., 3n,vlsnfi TepMr.rr{ecrr4ft pexu,ll Bo.(oxpaHuJrHru, peK H Ka- 2 8 .C a B a p e s c x r t f t A . . i 1 . ,l p a $ u r u . u . r fpi a c q e r aa e @ H u u r o e
    HarroB,locaHepnoraslar,L947. or.u,aqu I{ HanonHeHuft eo,r,oxpaHrt.rlturnp}t MHoroJrerneM p€F}r-IHpoB&HI{lr
    12.Kpuqxraft C. H. u .Ne 1ure.'rl M. O., Bo.u.oxosqftcrseH c r-o x a , c 6 o p H n r , f l p o 6 . l e i r u p e r \ - . t l t p o B a H l l l p e q H o f o c r o x a " ' a u n . 4 , u s . l . .
    HHe pacqerbr, I-napovereoualar, 1952. AxareyNu navx CCCP, 1950.
    _ 1 3 .K p n q r N f t C . H . ,M e u r e r r M . @ . ,I l a K y n o a K . H . , 29. LII a rr'o s f. I'I., 3aulenue Bo.ito\paHunulu, ftt.4pottereou3.itdrr
    Poccnncrnft K . l 4 . , C e M r . r K o n e H o e A . C . , 3 n u n r . r f t p e x u M1939.
    9oroxpann.rnurH KaHa,[os.Ha6nroaeHufi H HccnejloBaHua, c6opHnr "npo- 3 0 . X p H c r H a H o B u v C . A . , H e y c r a u o a u B u e e c f f . [ B H : x e H u eB
    oJIeMbrpervJrupoBaHr.rfl peqHoro croxa", nttn. 3, nsr. Axa.u,eruuu nayr Kflrrtr'rdx il perax c6opnur Bonpocbl rtexaHHKH cn,lonrsotl
    "Hexoropsre
    cccP.'1918. cpeJ,br",
    -31. usr. AraAetuHH HayK CCCP, 1938.
    1 4 .K p n u r n f i C. H. n llerrKe iIr M. Q.,Muorolerneepery- Ctpcnre.irbHbte HopMbI H npaBH.{a, q. II' locyrapcrBeHHoe H3.xa-
    4HpoBaHHe croKa, xypHan .l-u.u,porexuHqecKoe crpoHrerbcrBo' iS ll, 1935. TenbcrBo nHTeparypbl Ho crpoHre.lbcrBy u apxHTeKType, l9o+.
    ,s

    TJIABA CEMHAN,AATAfl

    O6UUT AAHHbIE A[|fl NPOEKTHPOB


    AHVI'INJIOTHH

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    poA (HepacreopffeM,ocrb, Hepa3Mfltrl?:0!,t,e416H T. n.). B
    fl"uoruHrr pa3ruqHbrxrunoB Moryr 6urt xnaccnsraqu- SToM orHoltreHHH HarnqHe lHncoB' aHrHApHAoB,clIJIbHo
    poBaHbrrro cJreAyruluHr{
    npu3HaKaM: 3arHrrcoBaHrrbrxnopoA Lr nJracroB xaueugofi coJIH B OC_
    a) no poAy ocHoBHofo MarepuaJra: l) 3eMJrflHbre; HOBAHHH BCCbMA UC6.NATONPI{STHO AJIfl BOSBCACHHfl IIJIO-
    2) KaMeHrro-Ha6pocuneu r.ra cyxoft x.na4xn; 3) KaM€HHo- Tr{Hbr.Taxux crBopoB coopyxenuft cJreAyerus6erara.
    3eMJrsHbre - r{s 3eMJrHr.r KaMHs; 4) 6eronnbre t,t KaMeHHbre;
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    [10]
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    t. FacqerHas BepoflrHocrb naBo.(KoB


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    c CTO B MAJIOHACCJIEHHbIX TOPHbIX rAC BOTIPOCbI
    yqeToM: PAfiONAX,
    gatonnegufi n uoAtorn.negufi trr'o rSrK
    cyrqecrBeHHbr H f,Ae
    _ !) Va*bHbIx pacxoAoB BoAbr (Ha I noe. .*t ornepcrna), aBTOMarr{qHocrbAeftcrBHff OO4OC6pOCntrxcoopyxeuHfi B
    ."[onycTHMbrxno ycJroBHsM[porrHocTH CoOpyX{eHHflH pa3_ ycnoBHsx 6ucrpo HacTyrratoulnx naBoAKoB ropHbrx peK
    MbrBoB B HHx(HeM6re$e; ocooeHHo rIeHHa Eil'. 6ecnepe50finoft pa60mr rHApoy3na.

    Lt
    ?

    &
    PA3ilEJI TPETIIl'1. I'lTNPOTEXHIIITECKI.IE COOPY)KEHH'I
    478

    6) Crandaltrulaqun pasJtLepos oroepc'ruti Ta6tuu,a l7-5


    flpu Ha3HaqeHrrrr pa3MepoB BoAocJrHBHbrx oruepcruri OpreurrlpoBor{HbreyAe.'rbHbrepacxoAbr
    (urupnHnr v nrrcorlr),,nepeKpbrBaeMbrxpa3JrHqHoroTH'IIa Ha BOAOCJIHBe n"rIoTHHbt
    3arBopaMH, AoJr)rcrbr 6url raKx{e yqreHbr AauHufe ra6.n.
    l7-3 r{ l7-4, cocraBJreHrrbrx Ha ocHoBaHHr{ |OCT Xapaxrep rpytrra J'toni{r V-le.rsrrrre pacxorr,t qepe3
    peKH B HHxtrreNr6retfre
    4688-4e[3]. BO_1OC.'ll{BB _il,''CL'N

    Hecrca,runtierp-\'H-
    Tbl 20-15
    Ta1auqa 17-3 I-lo"rrycxa;lbHbre
    l'pa4aqnt AJtfl rxr.rpuHbtornepcrnfi rHApoTexHr{qecKHx f pyrrTr,I
    coopyx{eHHH Cxannur,re rpyHrt,r 50-70 u 6o.ree
    LLIrrp u u a orne pcrr.rh r H.u,porexH Hr{ecK}.{xcoopyxeH u ir
    Bit
    f pa:altr.rq
    B .11 z+-lzo-
    Maxc'Mannuar{ Bbrcora nepe.rrrBZircurefocq
    30l60 cros Bo.4,br
    Ha rpe6ue He3arorrJreHHoroBo,roc"tHBa B coBpeMeHHofi
    npaKTHr{e - He 6o"nee 10-11 ,u.
    rllls BoAo- Bonpoc o nu6ope yAeJrbHoropacxoAa eo.{ocrNsnc}i
    CJIHBHbIX nJI'OTI{Hbr,B OC,O,6ettUOcrtt ocHoEaguoft Ha HecKaJIbHoM
    ornepcrufi 0 l I fpyHTe, LIMeeTBa)KHOe3HaqeHHe.
    AJrq rrv6nlt- B KarrecrBeHcxoAHoroycnoBrrn nprr Ha3HaqeHHH BeJrH-
    HbIX r{r.rHbryAeJrbHoro pacxola o6uqso r4cnoJrbgyercflxpurepuft
    ornepcrufi 0,50 orpaHuqeHufi cKopocru noroKa B Hril+(HeM6nese HeKoro-
    pofi 4onycrurraofi serr.i.iHHofi.
    I(oucrpyxrr{BHbrM rueponpHflTtreri npu 3To\{ fl8.;rflercrr
    ycrpoft_crno.sa n.norusor? soAo6oq u pac6eprru c o6urefr
    4nrauori,o6ecnequeanulerl n Hx npe,leJraxHeKoropoe pac-
    Ta6nuqa 17-4 TeKaHI,tenmoKa I{ ratlleHlle 3Heprriti .[,o Aon]:cTHMbrx npe_
    fpa4aqur Arq Bbrcorbr ornepcrufi rHApoTexrII4qecKLIx AeJroB. Bono6ori 14 prac6eprrla3aiiaHqHBarorcfl 3HaquTe"-rb-
    coopyxrenufi HIIM sar"ny6leuueM pyc.na c yKpenJeHHeMBepxoBoro or-
    Koca (Qur. I7-2, a u a).
    oroepcruft rr{trporexnr.rqecKr,rx
    coopy-
    *<erluit s Jrt
    B Hacrosulee BpeMfl npr.rNreHsrorcJreAyrotrrHeruero.[,br
    HasHarreHr.rs BerrHquHbrylerrbHoro pacxoAa l7], [8] H il1]"
    0.30- 0,60- l. 3a.
    0,60 1,00 AonycruMyro cKopocrb B Hir)KHeM 6le$e nplr-
    HuMaercfl 6mroeaq cKopocrb B p.vg.ie, oTBer{a}ouafl pac-
    rlerHoMy pacxoAy. Sror cnoco6 .1,oil\;crl{MAJrfl HeBbrcoKux
    nrq soAocJrHBHbrx nJIOTHH,qepes KoTopbie rpaH3HT HaHOCOBl[a.4O Hapy-
    ornepcrufi 0 t 1 0 0 ,1 0 0 , 2 5 [Iaercff r{Jrr.rBoccranaB.qrBaercfl BcKope flocJre uccrpofixa.
    ,Ilflfl rry6uuHux OAiraxo sro He rapaHTupyer or pa3MbrBoB pyc;o Hr{}Ke
    oreepcrufi 0,20 0,25 rIJrornHbI, qro Mox(er npousofirrl H3-3a HaplirxeHufl 6a-
    JIaHca HaHocoB rrocJre nocrpofixll rrr'rornHbr BcjrelcrBHe
    [peKpaueHug. rr,ocTyrr;-r€HHr HaHocoB rr.B,BepxHero 6le$a,
    s ut,txHnrl
    3Haq tulrpHHy pycrra 3a puc6epuofi v yc.{oBufl pacre-
    flanHue ra6n. l7-3 rr l7-4 He pacnpocrpaHffrorcff Id^aHHfl nOTOKa Ha SOAO6OeH puc6eprrle, HerpyAHo onpe-
    Ha oTBepcTr.rFcyAoxo.{Hbrx nJioTr.rH. AeJrliTb y,ne.nrHufi prdcxoA .Ha ao.toq'raBe.
    2. Be.nnqr.rHayAeJrbl{oro pacxo,ta nJ'rorr{HbronpeAeJrser-
    s) Vraer poda epAHra ocHolaHun cfi, HcxoAfl r.rs Aonycruuofi cKopocrrr Ha pnc6epue, a He
    (eo6op gdenouoeo pacxo)a) B pycJie Hr,rN(eHee, c reu qro6n rpe6yeuaq cpeAHqff cKo-
    pocrb B pyc"'re AocrrraJracb 6.:rarolapn HaIJrex(auleMy
    tt llcJxo7urteatueH.ufleHepeuu B HucfiHeu6oeQe sa,rny6leuuro (cu. ,Sur. 17-2). Sror cno,oo6 onpeleJreHrarr
    (pacueruan cx,eJilaancnJlAaraquu) BeJrr.rIIHHbr yAeJrbuofo pacxoAa 6oaee parlr4oHa.reH, qeM ripe-
    AbrAyrqufi. HepasrvrbrBarouraq cpe.lrrffs cKopocrb A.rq rpyH-
    Bu6op yAeJrbHoro pacxoAa. IIpn Ha3Haqer{Hr4 To.lTUrHHbr TOB pycJra npH oTcvrcrBr.rH TpaH3rrTa HaHocoB onpeAe-
    nepeJrHBaIOUIetocfl qepe3 BoAoCJTHBn,rroTHHbrCJrOfl BOAr,r rtercrr no ra6a. 7-25 u 7-26 rn. 7 c yuer:ov 6y.11'urefi
    cJIeAyeT [pHHr4r\{aTb BO BHHMaHr4e ycJroBr.rfl ra[reHHfl rny6unsl BoAbr n sar"ty6",rensoii qacrri pycJrali uexoiopofi
    us6nro.rHofi eoAHofi sHeprun H poA fpyHra ocHoBaHr{ffB HepaBHo'MepHocrupacnpeAeJreHr.rfl cpe.{Hil,rxcxopocler? Te-
    HHx(HeM 6se$e, coorBercrBeHHo Ha3Haqaf BeJIfir{HHbI qeHHfl B 3ar",lj6JreHHo\1 pycre xoaS$aqHeHToM1,1-+-1,3.
    yAeabHbrx pacxoAoB Ha aoAoc"'IHBen.rroTHHbrLr cKopocTri Ha pr.rc6eprraax 6o.qsurliHcrsa HoplraJrL,Hopa6orarcutux
    npoTeKaHrrfl noToKa B Hr.r)KHer\{ 6nese. o6uqso yAe,rrbHbre N J I O T H H H A H C C K A J I b H O \ {O C H O B A H I , I I M
    I A K C H I U A . { b H b I CC K O ,
    qCPE3 BO,q,OCJIHBHbIC OTBCPCTHfl IIP}I pocru xo"[e6niorcq
    PACXOAbI N,IIOTHHbI B cpaBHHreJrbHo y3KHx rrpeAeirax
    Hanopax 6onee 10-15 ,m npr.rHr.rMarorcfl
    B coorBercrBnh lopfiAKa g:2,5-:- 3,5 .w,tcet (a 3aBrrcnMocrn or ,rpyHTa'
    c AaHHbrMr{
    ra6n. t7-5, Ho soo6ue oHH AoJr}KHbr 6urt pycna). 3ru cKopocrir Moryr 6urs rpuHffTbi sa pacqer-
    o6ocnonaubr ycJroBr.IflI,n{ raureHufl 3HeprHH BoAbr B HH)K- HbI,enirfi cyrq.ecrByroulirxruinoB ,in6xirx u rpaucQopMr.rpy-
    Heru 6leQe. eMbrx plrc6epll.
    TJIABA CEMHANUATAfl. OEAHE .4,AHHbIE ,\JIN NPOEKTHPOBAHHfl NJIOTIIH
    479
    a.)

    c pezgnf,moPo*t
    N1rquaa.

    Puc6epwa

    ?gd sueucmoi
    . t(0Hoi:Fgtquu

    @uz' 17-2' cxe-riu sodo1ofl u puc6ep.Mu sodoclrtLtibtx n/zomuLt Ha HecKatbHo-tt


    ocHoBaHuu

    flpu nm6ope BeJruqr{Hbr__ Aonycrnuofi cKopocru B yKa_ BotroxparuaJirrurec ce3oHHbrMli,TH roAHrrHbrMperyrrupo_


    3aHHbrx BbrrrreflpeAelax (2,5_B,E ulcerc), nouur*lo xapaK_ BaHHeM croKa o6nrqHo cpa6arrreaercfl B rrpeABecesuuiZ
    Tepa pac6epuu H ocHoBaHufl, Heo6xoa"*o yrruTbrBarb nepHoA Ao saAaHHor?orr\{erKlr. 3areu oHo uanonusercq
    TaroKe THn IJTOTLIHbT I{ 3aTBOpOB.
    B npaKTHKe gKcn/ryararlrir{ MHoro,,poJrerHbrx rr"fiorHrI
    HHOTAaHMeeT MecTo 3HaqHTeJIbHafl HepaBHOMepHOCTb OT_
    Kpbrrur BoAocJrr{BHoro$poura 16].

    flolrreHHea: !l-, llpra npoeKTupotsaHHH BoAocJrHBHbrxMHoronpoJrerHbrx


    To rrpH Irpr{HsrHH coorBercrByrorrlHxruep
    q peqHbIX IIJIOTI-{H,
    paCnOJrOX(eHHbrx Ha peKax, rAe BO Bper'rfl
    npoxox(AeHI'Is MaKCI'IMaJIbHbIXpacxoAoB Becer{Hero ilo,'Io-
    no ra[IeHHr,OBperHofi auepruu u pacreKaHHFoIOTOKa Ha BoAbfl JrrAa yx<e HS 6usaer (Hanpr.ruep, B cpeAHeM H
    BOAOOOC3TOT XOESQUUTACHT HCPABHON{EPHOCTH AJIfiMCCTA HII>KHeMTeqeHr.lHBo.nru), MC>KHonpeAycrvrarpHBarbqa_
    cxona ;rI,oT,oKaC .pZC6epMbrEpflI ,6y,rer ilpeBocx,oLHTb
    "rru crurrnoe oTxpbrri.re saTBopoB rrJroruubr Ao 0,3_0,5 Hano_
    BeflLrr{HHya:|,2. pa Ha SarBop (npu nanriqHH ToJbKo n.rraBarouruxnpeAr\{e-
    B pacverHofi cxeMe gKc[Jryararlufi nJroTr{HbrB orHorue- TOB B BepXHeM6re@e) 6eg onaceHr{flnoflBJreHHsorracHbrx
    eH6pauufi sarBopoB (ero orHocr{rcfl K cyr{ecrByrorrruM
    il(oHcrpJxKuHflMsareopoe) .

    I flo onnry pa6orr,r oauoft u3 Kp]:nHbrx Bo.rr,ocJr.rBHbrx n,,rorHrr. or-


    KpurHe 3arBopoB Bo,tocJrHBHbrx oraepcrl.rfi oKasa,;rocb AorrJ*crHMblM Ha
    Bbrcory ue 6oaee ' l S - 1 / 6 n a n o p a H a 3 a r B o p ; , u , p e B e c H H ac y l e n b -
    Hbr-\{Beco_M0,75-0,8 mi'v" notcacbrBarracb non 3ar80pbl nprr orKpbtrHH
    oraepcrHft Ha B^erJ.rqHHyHe r{eHge 0,3 Hanopa, a B 6b.rrr,urnucrBe c.[y-
    qaeB - oKorro 0,45 uanopa (cv.
    [8] n [11]).
    pA3.A,EJr rpETHH. TH.A,POTEXHHT|ECKHE COOpy)KEHHfr
    480_

    flpn onpeAefleHuu yAeJlbHoro pacxoAa pacqerbl npon3- 17-7


    Bo.(trcg AJrfr onpeAeaenuofi eaAauuoilorMerKHpuc6eprrlu. Hando;ruruac rorul'Ha JrbAa ,Ta6tu4a
    OxoaqareJlbnafl orMerKa pr.rc6eprranr
    B oAHHx cryqasx on-
    yCJIOBHflMI{CllBOpa, Br IlpryII'IX
    peAeJlteTCfl I€OJIO|IIq€CKHMH
    xe rpe6yer AJ'rl cBoero nu6opa rexHLIKo-gKoHoMHqecKoro
    conocTaBJreHHrr psAa BapHaHToB.

    Pexu cpeaneft noJrocbr


    e) V,aer nponAcKa Ha.HocoB CCCP . . I , 0 0- : -1 , 5 0
    P ern ceB epaC C C P 2 , 0 0- : -2 , 5 0
    B cryqae pacnoJrolKeHHff B rnAporexHnqecKoM y3JIe
    no4osa6opuoro lrrJrro3a xeJIareJlbHo HenocpeAcrBeHHo
    oKoJro Hero, B BoAocJrr{sHofinrorune, ycrpallBarb AoHHbIe I C
    orBepcrnff c otuerroft ilop,ora, 6.ttusxoft K orM'erKe 'AHa 1'uerorr Bo3i\tor(Hocrll cnapeuuur\ .nb-IHir.
    peKH; TaKoe ycrpoficrno cnoco6creyer fiyqureMy IIpoMbI-
    By orJrolKeHHri HauocoB oKoJIo soAosa6opnoro uJlrc3a
    (6o.rree noApo6uo no sroMy Borpocy cM. rJI. 30 cnpanou-
    I7_5. N P E B bIIIIE H T,IEfP E E H fl TJIY X OH IIJI O THHbI
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    H A A I . O P H 3 O H T O MB O A b r B E p x H E r o E b E o A

    A) V,aer rteAoBbtx ACrtoButi


    llpenuureuue rpe6rrr .'ryxrrx rrJrorrrHHa.I crarHqecr{HM
    ypoBHeIvI Bo.4bI B BoAOxpaHr{J[rilIe npH nponycKe naBoA-
    Jleaoc6pocHbre oreepCrur >KeJIareJlbHopacnoJlararb B
    I(a, a raKx(e HaI pacueruofi oruerrofi BoJrHbI Ao"rrlKHo
    Mecre o)Kr.IAaeMoroHanpaBJreHrrgJreAoxoAa.
    6srru jtocraTorrHbrM Afifl He-lonyuletufl nepe.[r.rBa Bo.[,rr
    llpu pacnoJlo)KeHur.rHH3KoHaIIopuofiIIJIoTI{HbIHa HsfH- qepe3 rpe6enr LI AoJI>KHo Ha3Hariarbcr
    6e pei(u re4oc6pocuue npoJlerbr c,'IeAyer pacnoJlararb y He MeHee Be-;rHrII4H,
    npr{Be.{eHHbrx B ra6n. l7-8, B BaBlrcur\{ocru or vqrosufi
    BorHyroro 6epera.
    SKCNJIYATAIIHI,T H I(JIACCA NJiOTHHbI.
    Ec.rrn neA r.r3 BepxHero 6le$a 6yner HAru qepe3 nJIo-
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    4nr o6ecueqenr.rfi6essaropnoro npoxoAa JrbAa qepe3 nJIo-
    THHy MaJrOrOA CpeAHerOHanOpOBnpr,r 3Haqr4TeJrbHOM JIe-
    AoxoAe noJrHas ulrpuHa .neloc6pocnrrx ornepcrufi AoJrx(-
    Ha cocraBJlsrb B cpeAHeM 40-60% or rrrrpr.rHbr 3epKaJra
    pyUIa.
    llpu 6onnuux BoAoxpaHu,/'ruutaxc6poc JrbAa He BcerAa
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    [Uupuny orAeJlbHbrx .neAoc6pocusrx ornepcriafi [,rox(Ho
    npHHHMarb lro AaHHbrM ra6n. 17-6 B 3aBucHMocrr{or Ta1auqa 17-8
    ycnonaft "rreAoxoAa flpennureHuerpe6Hs rirJD(HxnJrorr{H

    Ta1ttuu,a17-6 flpeeurureHuerpe6nr rJryxux


    TIIIOT}IH B ,',

    llft.rpnHane4oc6pocHbrx
    orBepcrnfi
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    yc noB HsneA ox o A a I0-12
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    ycnoBHsneAoxoAa t2-20 6pocran ra
    Ceaepnue pafionnrCCCP, rsx(eJrbre H3 cyxofi
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    To xe t{pesnn-
    MuRuuanruas roJrulr4na nepenuBarou{erocfl npr{ JreAo-
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    onpeAeJrsercq no Qoprvry.ne: Haf, xeJle- HbIC 0,7 0 , 70 , 5 012
    Hmin: I , 1 5 t , m a xa 0 , 1 5 . n , (17-I) 306eroH-
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    Hbrx [o.4,cqeToB omax Mo}KHo onpeAe- qafiHure l , 0 1 70 , 5 0 , 50 , 4
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    , fa6apnrou Mocra Ha3br,Ba,eTcsnpeAeirbHoe fiouepeqHoe 6oprauu-f 4r5
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    (eni. t7-S,e);
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    --( 50 | 2f-B u.rrr,r:- l5+c

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    v I ? 1 3It t r-o
    1 7
    <Duz.I7-3. Cxeuot zadapumor .L{ocmor
    fI p n r'r e q a H u e. Cr-C .u,rrr MocroB .u,.lnsofi 6oaee 50 .r;
    Ct:C-l IJrs MocroB .u,lnsofi Megee Hrvr * fa6apnr f -4,5 Morier 6.uru npur,aeHeg TonbKo a .u,oDorax c o.(,-
    'rraenee
    pannofi 50 .n HOUOJTOCHbTT\{
    ABH)I(eHHeM npH rrrlrpHHe SeMJ|SHOTO non rsa 8 r-
    31 gax.tss
    ::.t

    PA3.qEJI TPETHN. THTPOTEXHHI]ECKHE COOPY)KEHHfl


    482

    _-Hq_MocraxAqpor
    - III xareropu,nr npH f_g H Aopor
    IV-V Karenorplllrnpu l-7 lporyu,p" ycrpau,BaroT€fl
    TOJrb-
    KOJr p'H Ha.tHrrJ.IHUHTeHCHBHOro dleulexqAHono AB,H)KeHLI'I.
    f'lp,u orcyrlcrrBlrH TporyapoB ycrpawBarolcfi 3arrr'THbre
    noJlo,cbl no 0,% I't.
    IIIlrpuua rporyapon ttpzHrrrMaercrr panuoft O,TS ,L; ,np.H
    HHT€HCI,IBHOM IIem,exoA.HoM,UFH)K€HJ.IH c cooTtsgT.cTByIOqI-rM
    o,6ocHo,eaHueMB Ka)KroM orAeJrbHoM cJryr{ae IxHpHqa ux
    yB_e_rurr,HBaercfi
    Ha BglHrrLIHy,KparHyto 0,TS a.
    Ha Mocrax c es,Iort
    ..nonllsy^ Tpmyapbr y,crpaHBar.orcH,
    KaK frp,aBlllo, c sHeilrHefi cropoubr Qe,prrr.

    Jl I4T E P A T Y P A

    1-_l-raapoenepronpoer(r r.r Mocxoscxuri feonoropasBe.u,oqHrrfr r{rrcrH- 7. Ky c K 9-g.JI. C., Boasoe xosqficrso rn.u,poeneKrpocraHuur?, foc-
    ryt, I4HxeuepHo-f eoJIol'nqecKne HccJIe.l.OBaHUr ,U,arrnapo3Hepferltr{ecKoro 9HeproH3,[,ar, 1954.
    crpor{reJrbcrea, r. I u II, 1950. 8. KycKoB [1. C. uHe rpacoB B . C . , H e x o r o-"p u e B o n p o c b r
    2. fOCT 3999-48. Coopyxenurr rurporexHr.rqecKue. pacqer r\{aKcn- aKcnnvaraquH r{HoronponerHbrx^per{Hbrx nJroruu, xypHaJr lu.4porexHn_
    ManbHbrx pacxo.u,oB Bo,4,btpeK. r{ecKoe crpouTenbcrno- N 1, 1952.
    3. IOCT 11688-49.Coopyxenufi rlr.u,porexlnqecKue. pasuepu orBep- 9. OaeurKenHv J I . B . , l p a o u r a - u u o n u t r e n J r o r u n b'Sa"ipr"r]
    t, f.n. XI,
    crnfi, neperpbrBaeirbrx sarBopaMH. u. II xi.'pca rn_lp.orexHnqecxnx coopyxeHur? roA pen. E. e.
    4. focyaapctseHHufi KoMHrer Cosera Munucrpon CCCP no .u,enaM CerrxosrHs. 1946.
    crponrenbcrBa. Hopr"ru ra6apHroe npu6luxeuns- roscrpyxqnfi Ens
    MocroB Ha aeroMo6unbHbrx r,opofax (ra6apnrur uocroe) H:ll2-bg, Focy-
    .aapcrBeH_Hoeu3aareJrbcrBo JrnTepaTypbr no crpoHTenbcTBy H apxHTeK_
    rype, 1953.
    5. f-p H trr n-H_$._^4_., fuaporexnnqecxue coopy)reHuq, u. I u II,
    Ioccrpofrusaar, 1954, 1955 r.
    6. i{ a p n o B H. M., O conpnxeHnn 6le$oo MnoroflpoJrerHbrx ru.r[-
    pgrglHr.r:rggxllxcoopyxenuft, xypuan u- ue.nuopaqua* 12. crponrejrbHbre rroprlbr u npanu,ra, v. II, focy.lapcrneHrroe ugIr.a-
    Ng 12, 1950. "fu.uporexnura
    TeJrbcrBo ,tHreparypbr no crpourenbcrBy H apxurerrype, 1954.
    t JIA B A B O C E M H A n U AT A fl

    OHHbIEPACqETbI
    OI4JIbTPAUI4
    r8-1. OEU{HE CBEAEHHfl !.ls cJloxHbrx cxeM rr.rAporexHuqecKHx coopyxeHufi
    gKcne-
    o oHJIbTPAIII{OH HbIX PACTIETAX Qu"nsrpaufioHHblepacqerbl Heo6xoAuuo BbIrIoJIHflTb
    pHMeHraJrbHbrMH - Ha npu6ope 3fAA,
    MeroAaMI-I B rpyH-
    l. OcHosHnIe IIeJIH I{ HasHarIeHHe TOBOMlrJrr UIeJIeBOMv-IOTKaX.MeTOAUXa MOAeiiHpoBaHHq
    uanopnoft n 6eeHanopuofi $unurpaqnlE B rl'IAporexHHqe-
    Qr'r.nnrpaIIHoHHbIx pacr{eroB
    cKr{x coopyxeHnsx nonpo6uo r.r3Jlaraercr n pa6ore B. I4.
    Qu.irrrpaquoHHbrepacrlerbl rltAporexHuqecKuxcoopy)Ke- Apanuua v. C. H. H'yr'reponal.
    trnir npou3BoAsrcflc ueIIbIo
    a) oilpeAeJreHr.rs Ha ruApo-
    Qu.nrrpaquoHHoroAaBJIeHI{fl
    TexHHqecKue coopyx(eHus;
    2. Ocsonnue noflox(eHuqreopnu Su;rsrpa{un
    6) ycraHoBJreHnflBeJII{qHH rpaALIeHToB !I cxopocrefr @r.r"urrpaqua BoAbr B fiopax rpyHTa npoucxoAuT noA
    Qu,rrrrpau[oHHoro noroKa B ocHoBaHHH6erounstx coopy- BJTHIHHeMcHJIbl rgx{ecru 6raroAapg Harurrulo pa3uocru
    )Keunft, B 3eMflqHbrxnJroruHax Ir Ha yqacrKax conpg}xeHl4r HanopoB BoAbr B oTAeJrbHbrxTor{Kax noToKa.
    ux c 6eperaMrr; AsHxeHHe $untrpauuonHblx BoA lloAqlzHsercs H3Becr-
    n) onpeAeJreHHsnoJroxeHr{fi Aenpeccuouuofi noBepxHo- HoMy sal(ouy !,apcu:
    cru Qr,rarr"pauz,oHHbrxBoA B 3eMJrflHbrx trJroruHax H ila q: kal, (18-i)
    yqacrftcax 'rrpnMbrKaHufinJiorr{n K 6eperau; fAe q-pacxoA BoAbi;
    r) oflpeAeJren[e Berr.rrr,HnuQu.nmparyrouuoro rpzcXoA?. (l)- roflHaq reorueTpuqecKaq nJroulaAb ceqellHs
    Benuqnnn cxopocrefi v rpaAueuroe Qu.nrrpaquoHHoro noToKa:
    noroKa npu BbrxoAe ero e Hr4xHHfi 6se$ uJrr4B ApeHax{- J - ru,u,paenuqecKflfi yK[oH (rpa.nr.reut) $r.rnmpaun-
    Hbre coopy)KeHr.rfi tpe6yiorcr AJrfl orrpeAeJreu,I{flQu;tsrya- H
    qaouuoft ycmfiuza'ocrlr rpyura (euuop u cyQQosun). [au- r ourroro noroKa, paBHbrfr W - noTepfl Ha-
    I
    Hbre o pacxoAe Qu.urrparll4oHHbrx BoA rroc'BoJr-firorollpe.4e-
    'U y,CTaHOBHTb ile-
    nopa Ha A,rMHe rlyrH Ql,r.nlrpaqrarzt),
    JIHTb IIOT€pI{ BoLbI II3 tsOiIOxpaHHUIHIIIa
    ft- xoaQQuqr.reHr Qr.unrpaquu rpyHra.
    o6xoAumocrb Mep'oupunrufi ,Iro IlX cHl{x{eH}iro.
    OnpeAenqeMbre pacqeraMH $u.nrrpaquoHr{bre AaBJIeHHff Vs Qoprvry.rrrr(18-l) c.nenyer, rlro pacxoA rpyuroBoro
    Ha co,opyx(eHr{f Hapqtry c npyr}IMll Qarropauu no3Bo- fioroKa rnneftuo 3aBHcr{Tor I'paAr.reIITa,qro HMeer Mecro
    Jlsror ycraHoBuTr y,crofiunBocrb gTLIx coopyx<euufi, a rar- npH naMHHapHorf ,UBHX(eHHr{ BoAbr.
    lt<e HaMerurn ueo6xoAl4Mbre MepoilpxflTlrs ilo cHr{}KeHHK) 3axos .[,apcu (18-l) supaxaercs raK>Ke 3aBHcHMo-
    $a.nrrp aquoHuo,ro AaEJreH'Hrrr. CTbIO:
    llpu Qr.rnrrpaqr:oHHbrxpacqerax ruAporexHuqecKnx co- g: kJ. (18-2)
    opyxennfi 6o.rnuroe BHaqeHr{e uMeer npaBuJrbHoe oro6-
    paxeHHe B pacrleTHbrx cxeMax rHApoleoJroruqecKHxycJlo- Bupaxeuue rnfl, ,oKopocru Mo)KHo Ha,fi'I{,caTb, rKpoM€
    TOrO, B BHAe:
    nut? ocsoBaHr.rffcoopyx(eHuff H yqacrKoB npr.rMbrKaHufi
    ero K 6eperarvr (crpoenne rpyHToB ocHoBaHHfl, BoAonpo- q
    Q rrHrlaeuocrb rpyHToB, pex(HM rpyHToBbrx BoA B ecrecr3eil-
    7t - -
    t ( 18-3)
    (r)
    Hbrx ycJronunx), a raKx(e yc,iloBzfi pa6orrr npotuso$u.nr-
    TpaqlronHbrx ycrpoficrn (nponuqaer\tocrb unyHToBblx r,u,€u - Qurrnnuan cKopocrb Qu;trrpaquu, orHeceHHaqK
    creHoK, 3aBec, noHypoB, gKpaHoB, 6etona, B03Mox{Hocrb noJIHOMy CeqeHHIO nOTOKa (,) .
    o6pasorangrr ulerefi fi rrp.). AeficrsureJrbr{as cKopocrb reqeHur BoAbr B n o p a x
    PacqerHaq fr{AporeoJrorfiqecKafl cxeMa Qunrtpaqun fpyHra paBHa:
    paepa6arrrBaercfl Ha ocHoBe Aarrrrbrx r.rHx(eHepHo-ruApo- , n
    reoJrofuqecKr{x i.rBbrcrauuft.
    fl
    v -
    - -
    (r8-4)
    m
    Huxe npr.rBoArrrcfl aHaJruTnrrecKr{eMeroAbI Snnrtpaqu-
    oHHbIx pacqeroB rr.rAporexuHqecKHx coopyxeuufi, ocHo- r,tre tn - aKTHBHafi [,opo3HocTb FpyrrTa.
    BaHHbreHa lr.rApoMexaHHrtecKHxr.rJrurHApaBJrHqecKHx Me- OcHoeHrre auSQepeuunaJlbHbre ypaBHeHHfi ABr,r)KeHr.rfl
    ToAax perxeHuff 3aAaq Qu.nrrpaquu, rp,yHToBbrX ts,oA Bbr,B,oAflTcs r4s 3arioHa flapcn 6es yqeTa
    flo.nnsyact 3THMr.IN{eroAaMH,npeAcraBJrflercg BogMo)K- cnJI HHepIIHITI.
    HbrM BbrrroJrHsrb Qunrrpaq?roHHbre pacqerbr rHAporexHI{- rB. H.ApasHH
    qecxlrx coopyxenufi AJrfl npoctefiuux n C. H. Hyr,repoB,,Teopnr ,u,BH)KeHHr
    cxeM crpoeur{fl >rHJtKocrH H rasoB a HeaeQopr,lnpyeuoftnopncroir cpe1e', I'HTTJI,
    ocHoBaHnfl 14 noAseMHOrOKOHTypa COOpyX(eHHr. i953.
    31*
    PA3NEJI TPETHH. TH,\POTEXHHqECKHE COOPYXEHHfI
    484

    Anq ycrauoBr{Buerocr nJrocKoro ABH)KeHHr aTH ypaB - uerefi, Aaxe ue6oluuux pa3Mepon,oco6enHoHa yqacrKe
    HrlHr{s HMeror cfleAyrcuufi sHA: conpffxeHnfl noHypa c n.norusoft (nanpuuep, BcJreAcrBHe
    dp" dh HeoAHHaKOrBbrX OC?,(OK), MO)KeT fl'OBfleqb 3a CO6Ofi nO:rTIr
    ._ ---:- - .
    7t
    - - - &
    h-
    ( l B -5) noJIHoe Bbrrcnpqeure Hs pa6oru [ouypa KaK ilrporxno$u.nrr-
    ox dx' rpaulroHHorp ycrpoficrea.
    fi.nuira noHypa npr{HrrMaercrrB gaBHcHMocrHor xapaK-
    (18-6) Tepa rpyuroB ocHoBaHHq H cxeMbr Apyrr{x npolunoQlut-
    TpattnoHHbrx ycrpoftcrr coopyxenHfi; Herlenecoo6paaHo
    AnHHy noHypa yBenrquBarb cBepx 2 -+ 4H,'rax KaK eQ-
    (l s- 7) QexrHnnocrr, ero e .r.{}rHoft naAaer.
    flonypur He ycrpar{Balorcfl:
    fl\e uxrl a!-COcTaBJrflrouIHe C r ( O p O C T nn O O C f i M x l) B ycrroBuflx cKaJrbuoro ocH'o'B?Hurff,cJrolr(eHHo,rouo-
    H U,
    ft - roe$euquenr 0r.r.rrlrpaquu; poAaMI{, ,H€ noABeprarcql{MHCf nrpoqeCCaM BbIilIeJIaqHtsa-
    ft - nanop; Hr4fl, npu ycr,poficree y nepxonofi rpaHu rrJrorr{Hbrsa-
    g- noTeHrlr{aJrbHafl Oygrqus, cBsgaHHar{ c h BCChI;
    3ABI,ICHMOCTbIO 2l B ycJroBr{sx fiecqaHoro ocHoBarrHfiMaJrofi rrroUsocrn
    npu ycrpoficrne y repxoaofi rpaHu rrJrornHbl Meraflilu.re-
    9: - kh. (rs-8) cKoro rtrrIyHTa vfiu zy6a, rroJrHocrbro nepeKpbrBarou{ero
    BoAonpour.rqaeMyro roJrury, ecJrH rrer seo6xoAnMocrr{ B
    Vparueur.re (18-7) eHeeAeHo H3 ycJrogufl nepa3pbrB ycrpoficrue aHKepHoro noHypa u Apenax{a noA rrJroruiroft.
    HOCTHnOToKa Hec)Kr{Maeuoft x,a,AKocrH. Ec.nu n,oAcraBurb
    B 9TO ypaBHeHHeBMeCTOOx kt gy HX SHar{eHH_fl H3 3aBH_
    cuMocrefi (18-5) v (lS-6), ro" uo.ny,lnu: 2. IIInyrroBHe creHKrr,saBecbru By6bq
    (r8-e) Illnyurontre creHKH, gaBecbr It 3y6bf flBJrrrroTcflBepru-
    KaJIbHbTMHnporuBoQHnbTpauHoHrrbrMr.r nperpaAaMr{ Arq
    (18- l0) Qu.nmpaquoHHoro noToKa, yAJrHHflrotr{HMHnyrb Qn.nrrpa:_
    IIHK. r' ?'*ii
    llpu npoeKTIIpoBaHHI{ nm6xo,rrv.o yqurbrBarb rBoAo-
    upoHHqaeMocrb ,MeTaJr.rrHqecKl{xn Aep€BflIlHbrx rxnyHT0-
    Bbilx creHoK, o6ycnonneHHyro HaJr!{qHeM 3a30poB Me)rqy
    orre.trbuhrMr4 6pycnxuu untlr B 3aMKax MeraJrJrr.rqecKux
    rrIrIyHToB cTeHoK, a raKxe Bo[oEpoHHuaeMocTb qeMeH-
    TaIIHOHITbIX 3aBeC.
    Illnyuroaue creHKH, He AoBeAeHHbreAo BoAoy[opa, Mo-
    ryr paccMaTpr{BaTbcff KaK BoAoHenpoHr,rqaeMbre ToJrbKo
    rrpu 6o.nr.Jrrofiuoulxocru Qu.rrnrpyroruefi ToJruIfi ocHoBaHuff.
    Ens cHHx{eHHq.[aBreHHq QrEnsrparlnoHHoro noroKa Ha
    noAorrrBy coopyx(eHus cneAyer rxflyuToBbre creHKH (saae-
    MII ilv c BecbMa MaJrbIMIt cKOpocTrMI{ TeqeHlrf, fAe cH, sy6sr) pacnoJrararb B nepxonofi 3oHe coopyx(eHus,
    .4'BHX(,e[rHe su.nupauHoHHbrx tso,4 oTKJrOHfieTCfiOT SaKOHa Ao uepruxanruofi tl.nocKocrH, pasrpaHl,rqHearouefi coopy-
    Aapcu. UAnaxo gTr,rorpaHr.rceHHbre no pa3MepaM 3oHbr xeuue Ha BepxHuir tr uuxuufi 6reQu (Ao earaopoB).
    Qn.nmpaquoHHoro rloroKa He oKaobrrBarorgaMerHoro BJIH- OcuosHofi nporunoQnJrbrpaquosnofi nperpa.uofi B ocHo-
    fl'H*fl. Ha ABHIi(eHr{e BoAbr eo sceri o6fiacrH BaHHH flJrorur{ paccMarpaBaercfi ru[yHT (eaneca, gy6),
    sn.nrtpauuu. pacrroJrararcutufics y nepxorofi rpaHu rrJroruHbr.
    flonypHufi r[nyHT (gy6, aaneca), KaK rrpaBuJro, cJreAy-
    I8_2. YKA3AHUfl O BbIEOPE H HASHAIIEHHH eT ycTpar{BaTb npH aHKepHoM [OHype, a TaKxe npH Ha-
    npoTr{BOOI,TJTbTPAIIHOH
    Hbtx ycTponcTB ilrrcwn ApeHaxa no.4 noHypoM.
    Bo.u,o6ofinnfi unynr (sy6) KaK nporuno$r.rJrbrpaulroH-
    Hoe Mepo[pnqrue ycrpar{Baercff B peAKr{x cJycaffx. Vc-
    rpoficrao B HHx<HeM6re$e o6parnoro Sll.rlrpa v npu-
    rpy3l(H o6nqso Brro"THeo6ecnequeaer 6esonaCHureycJro- ,
    Br,rs AJrfl BbrxoAa Su.lrrparlnoHHbrx BoA B uHxsl.rfi 6re0.

    3. ,[,penaxn
    fipenaxu B ocHoBaHHH n.rroTLrH ffBJrsloTcs uau6onee
    l. [IoHypu sSQexrunuunl Meponpusruelr, o6ecnequnarcuruM nor{TH
    NOJIHOC CH'ITi1E
    Qu.ntrpaqnoHHoro AaBJreHHffHa noAoruBy
    coop)"KeHHq.
    ,Il,penax ruoxHo vcrpa'Barb He roJrbKo B ocHoBaHHH
    IIJrorHH,Ho H noA noHy,poM. flpa na.nvunu rpeHaxa no-
    Hyp H [XlynTbr rrilLr 3aBecbr, pacnoJrafalolqHecfl B cTopo-
    Hy Bepxuero 6teQa oT ApeHa)Ka, Hrrferor Ha3HarreHneno-
    HHgI{Tb cKopocrr{ BxoAa $u.nrrpaqr{onubrx BoA B ApeHarr(
    ri o6ecneqnrr Qu.rrorparluoHHyroycrofivnaocrb rpyHTa Ha
    yqacrKe PacnoJroxeHHr ApeHa)Ka.
    5

    TJIABA BOCEMHA4,UATAt. AHJIbT2AAHOHH btE pAcr.rETI,I


    485
    .[,peuax Moxer 6urs ropn3oHraJrbHbrM
    (rpy6uarufi. unn 'Horo KoHrypa coopyxenHfi.
    MeroAur pacqera ocHoBaHbr
    B BHAeorcbrnKuo6paruoro Sunrrpa noA noAorusofinro- Ha reoprg qg,rrfpaunn B oAuopoAHbrxrpyHrax, paapa6o-
    Tr.rHbrll.nu nouypa) H BeprHKaJrbHbrM(e en.qe oAHoro unu rassofi H. H. flasaoncKnM.
    HecKoJIbKIrxpsAos cxsaxuu) . / B np_uno4uMbrxpacqerHbrx $opnay;rax npr.rurrTbrcJre,u.yru_
    Beprura.nsuurfi ApeHaxr [e.necoo6pasuo ycrpar.rBarb B utue o6osHaqeHuff:
    yc.rroBHrx aurrsorponHoft npoHHr{aeMocrH ocHoBarrHrrHJrH
    I Tqx cJry.qaffx, KorAa ocuoBaur{e MuorocJrofiHo, a nepxuafi shl
    c.ttoft ue6onr,urofi MoxIHocrI{ HMeeT gHar{HTeJrbHoMeHb- gh l- rnnep6o.rnqecKr{e $ynxI1]ru;
    uyto nponHqaeMocrb, qeM HHlr(eJr,exaqufi. Ilenecoo6- th,
    K - no.rrnufi sJrJrunruqecxufiHHrerpaJr1_ro poAa
    rpa3HocTbycrpoficrna BepTHr(aJrbHoro ApeHax(aB nocneAHeM
    cJlyqae onpeAeJrflercff ycJroBHrMl{ ycrofiu,urocttr n.no- flpH MOAyrre t. i
    THHbr Ha CABHr BMeCTeC BepXHr.rMCJTOeMrpyHTa OCHO- ]<' - no.nrssrri s.tannrnqecirufi HHT,erpaJr I -no poAa
    BAHHff. 't,':lf
    ^ . npu AonoJrHnTenbrroMMoAyae l-N;
    Vcrpoficrro BepruKaJrbHoro ApeHaxa Mo>r(er 6urs pe- r \?, L) - olrlrrnruqecxur? nnrerpa.n l -ro poAa ilpH aM_
    KOMeHAOBaHO TaKlKe AJrfl cHflTHfl Hanopa noA BoAoynop- -
    nJrr{TyAe go H uo4yne A.
    Hbr.M cnoeM B [peA€Jrax Hlrx{rrero 6rc$a coopyxeuurr B
    Ilerqx 'o6,ec[,e'{eHnaycrofivuBocru puo6epvru Lr- Esa peK}r.

    1. O4nnounufi BoAoHenponnrlaeMbrfirunyHr
    4. ConpnxeHne nJrorHHc 6eperaun il AaM6aMH npu 6esrpaHnqHofi rvroqHocTunpoHurlaeMoro
    OCHOBAHHA
    Ha yuacrKe conpflx<eHufi nJrorurr c AaM6aMr.rH npuMbr-
    KaHfifl Hx x 6eperaru npnMeHsrorcff: (Sern.1B- I ,a)
    a) eaeecu B BH.4erunyHToBbrxcreHoK, xereso6eroHHbrx
    r4rrr4AepeBffHHbrx AuaQparM, a raror{e B BHAe uruuffHoro
    tAPa;
    6) r.nunanbre r{nu 6rEryunue rroHypbr nol Aau6aMH Ha
    yqacTKax Hx rIpHMbIKaHilf K TIIOTI{He;
    B) ApeHa)K sa Huaoeofi noAnopHori crenxofi conprraro-
    ulfix ycToeB nJroTtrHbr.
    Paqaoualtuoe pacnoJroxeHne v AJrr{Ha 3aBec npn yc-
    JToBHHr.rx BOAOHenpOHT{r{aeMocTr.r oilpeAeJrfleTcs pacqeTov
    (ct'r. HH>Ken. 18-7 u n. l8-8).
    Ha yqacrKe conprrlKeHur . peKoMeHlyercfi ycrpar{Barb
    oAHy 3aBecy, pacnoJrarafl ee B npe.I(e.naxeepxonoft qacrl4 Quz. IB-1. Cxeuot K pacqemy eunompaquu
    coopyxeHHq. KaK npaBr{Jro,noA nprrMbrM yrJroM K ycToro. noo unyHmo.u
    llp, Her.ny6or<oru 3aJreraHHH Bo,royrropa 3aBeca AoJrx{Ha a - 6esrpannqHafi MorllHocrb npoHlrqaeMoro ocHoBaHHs;
    qeHHas MoulHocTb npoHu[aeMofo 6 _ orpaHr.r_]
    o6ssareJrHo rrpope3arb Bcro $rE.nsrpyroqyro r,oJrrrry rpyHTa. r ocHoBaHHf
    lloHyp noA Aa,v6crfiHa yqacrKe cofiDqiKeHuffee c nJro-
    E. trnuofi AoJr)KeHy'crpaHBarbcs B ycJrorBr.rrrx 60;lturofi Morq-
    i1.l;,: Hocrn nponuuaeuofi ToJTITIHocgoBaHI,rs, KorAa o6xolnofi llo H. H. llas"noecxovv:
    c#, a) Harrop no HH3oBofi rpaHn rxrryuTa onpeAerqercq rro
    IIOTOK MO)T(CT OKA3ATb CYUICCTBCHHOC BJIHflH}IC HA SA,rIr- ypaBrreHHro
    lLilr
    'F;
    pauurc B ocHoBaHHHcoopy>KeHr.{ff.paeuepn noHypa noA
    4au6oit H ero e$Qexrunuocrb Mox(Ho onpeAeJruTbJrr,rrrrbHa
    gqreBe gKcnepHrueHraJrbHbrxHccneAoeaHr.rfiHa npudope h : H I u r . r i(n+ ) , (18-11)
    3rnA.
    ,(penax ga ycrotMu ycrpauBaercff B rleJrffx cHi.rxegr.rff
    AABJICHHfi BOAbI HA NOANOPHbIC CTCHKI{ YCTOff H YMCHbIIIC.
    6) Hanop no nepxouori rpaHa runyura
    HHr BJTHfiHHq
    o6xoArroro noroKa ua Sunnrpaquro B ocgo-
    BaHHH [JroTHHbr..{peuax< qe.recoo6pa3Ho ycrpauBarb Bo h: Hft-+arcsin(+)1, (18-r2)
    BCCX CJIYqA'X 3A HHSOBbIMH CONPflIAIOITI.IMI.I CTCHI{AMII
    ycrofi lr B orAeJrbHbrxcnyqaflx - 3a 6eperonuu 6uxotvr. fAe 0 =(/ --( si
    flpeuax ua 6eperoBoM orKoce c ntlsoBofi cropoHbr co-
    opylKeHHff npeAycMarpHBaercr c rleJrbro npeAoTBpauleHHq n) QunsrpaquonHufi pacxoA, nocrynarcuur'r ue BepxHe-
    QurrrpauHoHHbrx .u,eSoprnlaunfirpyHra H sar;ry6.ueuun ro 6reQa:
    xpitsoft AenpeccHH, ueo6xoAHMoro Bo us6exaHHe npo-
    :+ Mep3aHr{fl Qultrpaqr{ouHoro fioroKa npu ero BbrxoAe B I 1 x.\
    ilr
    peKy. Q:kH- A r s h{ - : 1 , (lB-13)
    'i!,; T \ S /
    f,4e - oo -( JC .-( 0;

    i:#*
    r8-3. THAPOMEXAHI,IqECKHfr METOA pACqETA r) cxopocrt SHnnrpauuu no AHy HHx<Hero6teea
    HAIIOPHOH AHJrbrpArIHH B OCHOBAHI,IpI I
    THAPOTEXHUqECKIiX COOPyXEH HE uy:kH- ( I 8- r,1)
    r,qe 0 --( f --( oo.
    1/s 2 + x z
    B AaHHoM naparpa$e npr.rBoAffTcffaHaJrHrr.rqecKile
    Me-
    ToAu pacr{era Qnntrpaqr.ra B ocHoBaHHrt rHAporexHr,rqe-
    cKHx coopyxeHufi AJrf npocrefiuux oqeprauuF noA3eM- * Ta6;luuur 3flrunruqecKHx
    HHreFoaJroB r,n. 1.
    .E

    PA?]IEJI TPETHN. THN,POTEXHHI]ECKHE COOPY)KEHHfl


    486

    2. OAnsoqHufi BoAoHenpoHuuaennufi uInyHT 3. Illocxnfi Qnror6er 6es urnyHroB


    npH orpaHurrennofi MorqHocrn nponrqaeMoro [pr{ HeorpaHHqeHHofi MorrlHocrlr rrpoHHuaeMoro
    OCHOBAHHq ocHoBaHI{q
    (cu. Qur. I B- I ,6) (S"r. l9-2,a)

    IIo H. H. flasnoBcKoMy:
    a) Hanop BAoJrb unyHra

    h -

    aor ' (
    ; +)-.""(;
    ;)'
    +)."'(+
    Y

    +)
    in- l *
    sin (;
    flo H. H. llas.aoBcKoMy:
    a) Hanop il cKopocrb no ocHoBaHnro S.nror6era onpe-
    r4 e 0 . - < y --( s, AeJrsrorcfl no Qopuy.nau
    l x
    3HaK nJrloc uepe4 BTopbrM rrJreHoMnpaeoft qacru orHo- h: H - arccosT, (18-18)
    cnTcs K BepxoBofi rpauu unyHTa, gHaK MlIHyc - K Hr.rso- T L
    nofi rpaua;
    6) no.nuuft Qu.rrrrpaquounurl pacxoA B ocHoBaHHH trJro- -':,
    1 l
    t)x:kH ( 1 8 -t e )
    a'
    l/lz-vz
    O k H \ ,K
    ' : 2 ( 1 8 - 1 6 ) r.ne - I -,Kx -< * /;
    \ . l n s \ 6) Su.nrrpaquoauufi pacxoA, nocrynarculufi qepes aHo
    f A e^ : s r n
    \;.7), Bepxnero6neQa:
    r | | x l
    n) euxoAHue cKopocru Qra"irorpauun
    6reSa
    ilo AHy HIi>KHCfO
    ,:kH _ Arch Z/, (18-20)
    l_
    p,,i
    , n 4T p, (1B-17)
    IAe-oo--(#-(-/;

    n) BbrxoAnbrecKopocrlr Ounrrpauuu ro AHy HHx{Hero


    rAe P - $yHxquq, sHaqeHr{s xoropofi rpr{BeAeHbr e ra6r. 6neSa
    t 8-1. l 1
    a-v : kH -' -, (18-21)
    T
    Ta6nuqa 18-l f xz-lz
    rae /.<( x .-( @.
    3naqenus Synrqran P Be.nuquurr Hafiopa, pacxoAa H cxopocrefi Moryr 6trrl
    Bbrr{r{cJreHbr
    raKxe no AaHHbrM ra6.u. l8-2 14 l8-3, co-
    craBJreHrrbrxE. A. 3auapunrru.

    0,0 0,2 0,4 4. Ilaocxnfi S.irror6er6es tunyHroB


    s npH orpaHrqeHHofiMorrlHocTr{ npoHHuaeMoro
    T
    OCHOBAHHg
    (cr'r.Sur. 18-2,6)
    0 , 0 4 30 , 0 0 8 flo H. H. IIasroBcKo\{y:
    0 , 0 4 20 , 0 0 9
    0 . 0 4 00 . 0 0 8 p no ocnoBaHr.rrc
    a) H ano Snm6era
    o:o3e
    o,oos
    0 0 : 0 3 70 , 0 0 8
    0 0 , 0 3 50 , 0 0 9
    0 0 , 0 3 10 , 0 0 7
    0 0 , 0 2 70 , 0 0 6
    0 0 , 0 2 00 , 0 0 4

    I A C I < T .-( /i
    F,ITABA BOCEMHANUATAfl . AHJI,TPAI]HOHHI,IE PACI] ETf,I
    487
    Ta1nuqa I8-2
    [IoHeeIenHHeHanopbt\r cKopocrn BAoJrbnoAolrlBbrnd'rocKoroS;rror6era npg HeorpaHgqeuHofi
    MonIHocTtr
    poHHuaeMoro ocHoBaHHfl

    x
    _T - r,0 -0,nrl-0,s01-
    o,el-0,
    ul-o,nl-.,, +o,zl*o,n+ 0 , 6 + 0 , 8 +o,e
    l-o,nul l*o,nrl*o,nrl*,,
    h
    H
    0,94 0,90 0,63 o,rolo,nn0 , 3 7 0,29 0 , 2 1 0 , 1 4 0 , 1 0 0,06

    a-t
    I ,60 o,r,o,u,0 , 4 0 o,r,o,r,o,urln,r, 0,35 0,40 0,53 0,73 I ,02 1,60
    KH f I
    Ta1tuqa 1B-3

    [lpuneAeHHblepacxoAbl It cKopocrn IIo AHy Bepxnerou HHl<Hero 6re{on npu ycrpoficrne nJrocKoro
    {.nror6era
    Ha ocHoBaHHHHeorpaHuqenHofi MorrlHocrn

    q
    0,0 0 , 1 0 0 , 1 5 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,73
    KH

    aJl
    0,gg 0,65 0,48 0,37 0,29 0,21 0,20 0,17 0 ,1 4 0,12 0,07
    kH

    6) nonsufi Qil.ntrpauuonsnfipacxoA rroA Snror6erolr Ta6ttuqa IB-4


    K'
    q, : kH :-, (18-23) 3uaqenus Synxuuu P
    2K.
    / * i
    r . n et r : t h l + . - t . \
    \ 2 r l 0r1 0,,2 0,5 l n 2'0

    _ Be.nuqnuu opAHHar onropbr HanopoB no noAotxnt $nrcr-


    6era n Qu;rlrpaquouunfi pacxo.n Moryr 6nrn onpeAerre-
    Hbr raK>Ke rro HoMorpaMMe (Qnr. 18-3) urru rpa$rary
    (Qerr. l8-a); 0,2 l,g1 I ,090 0,469 0,192 0,039
    n) oplnuaru snropbr BbrxoArrbrx cxopocreft eunrrpa-
    quu no AHy HH>KHero6le$a
    0,4 1,36 0,370 0,395 0,160 0,032

    U Vr , : kH
    ".n(+
    +) ( l B-24)
    0,6 |,17 0,740 0,345 0,142 0,030

    'n(;+)'n(;T) 0,9 I ,01 0,630 0,305 0 ,1 2 5 0,026

    1,0 0,glc 0,590 0,275 0 , 1 1 2 0,022


    r,qe / --( Jf .-( oo.

    2,0 0,594 0,379 0,190 0,073 0,014


    Qopuy.ra Ar-a onpeAeireHufl opAr{Har snropbr cxopocreft
    no AHy Bepxuero H HH)r{Hero6le$on Moxer 6nrn fipeA-
    cTaBJreHaraK)Ke e 6onee npocroM BHAe: 3,0 0,441 0,291 0,133 0,054 0,01
    I
    H 4,0 0 , 3 5 0 0 , 2 2 + 0 ,1 0 6 0,043 0,009
    oy:U, O, (lB-25)

    5,0 0 , 2 9 1 0 , 1 9 5 0,099 0,036 0,007


    rAe P - Qyurqun, suaqeHus xcropoft rrpuBeAeHbrB ra6n.
    t8_4.
    PA?IEJI T?ETHn- THE?OTEXHT.TttECKHE COO?YNEHHfl
    488

    tii-. \
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    \' s- R.S a

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    s^

    $
    Fu*
    TJIABA BOCEMHANqATAfl. AHJI\TPAqHOHHbIE PACI] ETbI
    489
    5. Qum6er, aarny6leunufi npn HeorpaHnqenHofi
    MOITIHOCTH
    flpoHr{qaeMoro ocHoBaHHs

    npuBeAeHbr
    e ra6r. 18-5.
    @uz. 18-6. Cx_eua rc pacqemy
    Quttompa4uu nod nttocrcu*t fittrcm-
    6emoa c odHL.ilt WnyHmo.tut

    g
    L '*(+)'.{*efl
    ,
    q4 -/r- x.-<0;
    '*(+)'-{;wj
    6) Hanop ro ocHoBaHnro Husoeori qacrr{
    $nrcr6era
    t
    h: H - arccos I r f - f ,'*(;J
    / . \ ?-l l . |
    -
    rae 0 :( .{ ( /2.
    \; LV i , uB-27)
    MOX(HOOrrpeAeJrsTbraKx(e

    @uz. IB-5. I^gafiurc_ d.rtn onpedenenun npuaederuruozo nocrynarouvfi qepe3 AHo


    Hanopa h, nod sazty1teHHbrJvr.
    Snnmfienrou
    ' 6. ll.nocrufi Q.rror6er c oAHHM I) (r8- 28)
    db BOAOHenpoHHrIaeMbrMrxrryHToM J,
    npll HeorpaHurreHHofi MouIHocTH
    npoHHr{aeMoro ocHoBaHHfl Saatrpa{au flo AHy HLI>K'IeIO

    llo H. H. I
    a ) Hanop v y * kH- x
    /rJ

    x
    (18-2e)
    V sz-:-xz
    l ( r8-26)
    r le lz --( -f .-( oo
    Ta1nuqa 18-5
    sHaqenus
    eyurquu
    i:t U,, +)

    0,813 0,80 0,796

    ,t6culrccr,r
    f
    0 -0,903 0 , 7 9 - 0 , 5 s 8- 0 , 3 0 9
    -1,0 - 0 . 6 0 0-0,372
    3,,'n 0 , 9 6 -0, zos -0,415
    0,6 _ -l - 0 , 8 3 2 -0 ,453
    6 g0 o np o nit q a enou) ep uHrT
    fiecxbne.t poi eng Fiior
    ls

    ocHoBaHHs
    rrpoHHuaeMoro OCHOBAHHfl

    (Srar.18-8) (Sur. 18-9)


    IIo A. B. PoMaHoev:
    flo H. f. Me.neqenxo-A. B. Pouauoey:
    a ) pacnpeAeJreuue
    Hanopa no AJIHHeQnror6era

    a=-9 iER 2 (x-L)


    +
    L

    l L x
    +-arccos, (Hr-H2)*Hz, (18-30)

    @uz. IB -9.
    rAe Bbrpax(eHneB npfiMbrx cxo6xax -.norapr.rQu MoAyJrt '1nodnttocrcuu
    (.norapuQrra3HaqeHHqc [oJrox(HTeJrbHbrM
    suaxolr);
    TJTABA BOCEMHAITIATAfl . @HJIUT?AqHOHH btE pActt ETbl
    49t
    a) pacnpeAeneHae Hanopa no AnHHe e.nror6era onpe-
    Aerrrercrr no $opr"ryne (18-30), n xoropofi Qo HaxoAHr-
    cn no ypaBHeHr{ro(18-34)i
    ,
    6) pacxoA ApeHaxa

    1l.s-34)

    f tr+
    "
    2 l/ (18-35)
    z
    --r ttrr-Hr)+nz-Hoi @uz. 1B-11. Cxeuu ocHonHbt'x
    rAe AFI:1 arcsin y fipaz,aerumoa
    .z - Buyrpennnri
    Sparrreur;6- sHeuHnfi$parruenr
    4- lxrrpHHa ApeHa)Ka;
    n) cKopocrb Qu.rrnrpauun BAonb r(oHTypa nJroruHbr a) paBeHcrBa QunlrpaunoHHbrx pacxoAoB B Kax{AoM H3
    onpeAernercrr no rpoprrly.rre(18-33), n xoropoft Qo Ha- QparueHroa, T. e.
    xoAurcs no Qopnavne (18-34). Q r : Q z : Q s : . . .: Q z i
    6) panencrBa cyMMbr norepb Hanopa Bo Bcex Qparrrlen-
    I8-4. OPA|MEHTHbIR METO.U. PACqETA Tax noJrHoMy Hanopy //, r. e.
    oHJIbTPAIIIIH B OCHOBAHVil4 H: LHt* L H2" + L Hi +... * LH,
    n'
    THAPOTEXH Hq ECKI{X COOPyXEH H H
    flpuneAeunufi Qra.rrnrpauuouuufipacxoA Qr B ocHoBa-
    @parueHruufi tr,teroASr.r.nrrpauuoHHbrxpacrreToB,[peA- HHr{ coop}Dr(eHHs,
    cocrosulero r{3 oTAeJrbHbrx
    noxenuufi H. H. llannoscxlrvr, gaKJrroqaercr B ToM, r{To
    QparueHToB,
    tto H. H. fla'n.noncxorr,ry,
    onpeAeJrsercrrcleAyroueft Sop-
    3aAaHHas o6nacrr Sr.rnrrpauwa pae6nnaercfl Ha pflA eJre- nfV.itOfi:
    MeHTapHbrxo6rracrefi (Sparrrlenroe), AJrr Koropbrx Moryr
    6atm cpaBHirT€JrbHo .npocro Ha,fiAeutr roqHbre,perxeHn-fl 8r: (18-36)
    ABHx(eHur $n.ilsrpaqHoHHbrx BoA. fpauuunr eparnreHroe 1 1 1 1 '
    npuuttMarorcs npu6nnxenuo B KaqecrBe nonepxHocrefi j - +
    4r, 8'r, 8r, 4,*
    paBHbrx HanopoB. O6rqee peueur{e Afifl .B,cefi saAaHHofi
    o6nacuE.-Sunsrpaqur.I HaxoAr{Tcfl nyreM yBssKH rracrHbrx rl.e 4 rm- upuBeAeunufi pacxoA m-ro $parrraeHra.
    peureunfi, noJryqeHHbrx AJrr cocraBJrflrorrlnx grv o6.nacrt
    AeficrtsHre"unHrrfi $n.norpaquouslrfi pacxoA B ociroBa-
    Qparuenron. HIrH CoopylKeHr.rflpaBeH:
    B AaHHoM naparpaQe nprdBoAffTcffaHaJrr4TuqecKr4e pe-
    rreHuq Antr ocHoBHbrx $parueuroe v HeKoropbre o6ulree q: kHQn ( r8-37)
    peIIreHHr, noryrreHHbre rro QparueurHoMy MeroAy n.Jrfl
    PflAa BcTpeqarcrrlHxcEHa rrpaKTr{Ke xapaKTepHbrx cxer{ rAe H - no.nuufi Harop Ha coopyxenr4e;
    rroA3eMHofo rioHTypa. fr - xoeQQuuuenr Sr.rnlrpaquu.
    florepn nanopa B npeAe,rrax m-to $parueura MOryT
    I. O.nm6er c BoAonerrpoHnrlaeMbrMu rrrnyHTaMu 6nru nlr,rracflbubr no $oprrlyne:
    npn orpaHHrreHHofiuouIHocTH rrpoHr.rqaeMoro
    OCHOBAHHfl L H * :f i u . (18-38)
    O6rrqno pa3AeJrrroque ceqeHHff Mexqy Sparuenranrrr
    npoBoAffTcfl no Jrr.rHHfiMpaenoJro)r{eHur mlyHToB (Sur. OnpeAenenire sneueuToB SraanrparluogHoro rroroKa AJrff
    l8-10). llpn .np6ou paCn,o.noxeuuu rr sacJr€ rrr)nryHroB oTAeJrbHbrxSparuenroe npofi3BoArrrcrr rrpH noMorrlu Ho-
    MorpaMM B. C. I(os.nona no 3aAaHrrbrM oTHocr{TeJrbrrbrM
    t t S r 5 2
    p a 3 r { e p a-M
    1,,i vr
    T-
    Ans nHyr$ennero Qparueuta ($ur. l8-ll,a) Benr{-
    qr.rHa IpHBeAPHHOTOpacxola Qrm orrpeAeJrseTcsno Ho-
    MorpaMMe, uso6paxeuHofi na Qtlr. 18-12, a [pr{BeAeH-
    HbIe Hanopbr B Tot{,KZX1, 2 H 3-np,n [IoM,oIqu HorMo-
    rpaMM, nao6piaxeHubrxrHA Qur. 18-13 u 18-14.
    Aas BHeurHero QparrvreHra (cu. pac. 18-11,6) BerrH-
    qr{Ha npuBeAeHHofo pacxola onpe.(eJrfleTcflno Hor{orpaM-
    ue ua Sur. 18-15, a serirr{HHbrnpHBeAeHHbrx HarropoBB
    roqKax 1, 2, 3 u 4-no HoMorpaMltaM Ha Sur. 18-16-
    18-19.
    Maxcuua.rinuan npHBeAeHHaficKopocrb Qr.l.rrtrpaurnuB
    TorrKe 5 no AHy Hrrx(Hero 6retpa onpeAensercq ts 3aBHcH-
    Mocrr{ oT y4a3aHHblx s5rul€ pa3r\repoB Qparuenra no
    HoMoFpaMMeHa Qrdr. 18-20.
    PASEEJI TPETHN. CUAPOT'EXHHq ECKHE COOPY)KETI
    492 Nfr

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    @uz. lB-12. Ho,wc?p2.r.t.u,:r.


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    h, s mo,rrcax1,3 enympeHae?o
    wpdelreHmct
    HAZ 4ATAfl . a II JIbTpA rI H a H frrbrE PACqET6I
    BACEIqI

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    cDuz-I8- 14. Honozpaittta dns onpedeaeuun hr I moqKe 2 euympeuHeeo$paeuertma
    pBnEJI T?ETHn. rHnt-OTEXHHqECKHE COOpy)KEHHfl
    494

    1,5 Qr
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    @ue. 1B-15. Houoepa.Mila dtts onpederteHufr Qr BHeruHezo fipazuenma


    TJIABA BOCEMHAT,I(ATAfl . AHJT,TPAUI{OH H bI E PACI! ETbI
    495

    t,4

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    II
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    Ta6nuqa 18-7 3. llnocrnfi ycrofi
    3 n a . r e H n qS y H x q u n F t (QHr. l8-44)
    slT
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    mtmafltn
    o , a oi o . * lo.so
    0,0 0,500 0,500 0,500 0,500 0,500 0,500
    0,1 0,469 0,468 0,467 0,467 0,466 0,464
    0,2 0,436 0,435 0,435 0,434 0,432 0,429
    0,3 0,404 0,403 0,402 0,399 0,397 0,393
    0,4 0,369 0,368 0,367 0,364 0,361 (),356
    0,5 0,334 0,333 0,331 0,328 0,324 0,318
    0,6 0,295 0,294 0,292 0,289 0,284 0,278
    0,7 0,253 0,252 0,250 0,247 0,242 0,235
    0,8 0,205 0,204 0,202 0,199 0,194 0 ,1 8 7
    0,9 0,144 0,143 0,141 0,139 0,135 0,129 llu*nuu-
    1,0 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,0c0 6oeq

    Ta6ttuqa 18-8 @uz. 18-44. Cxeua K pacqemy odxod-


    nort Qunompau,uu npu nrtocKo.t4 ycmoe
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    (18-64)

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    -0,8 +0,295
    - 0,6
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    +0,204 +0,226 +0,243 +0,262 +0 ,278 +0,296 +0,312 +0,343 +0,371 +0,6
    -0,4 +0,131 +0,154 +0, 176 +0,199 +0,258
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    -0, I l0 +0,164
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    +0,9 -0,355 -0,343 -0,332 -0,321 -0,310 -0,299 -0 ,2E8 - 0,266 -0,245 -0,9
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    Ta1ttuua 18-10
    3uaqenns QyHxqufi ?s u IJa

    -40,0 0,699 0,404 0,296 0,233 0 , 1 9 9 0 , 1 5 6 0.131 0,092


    -30,0 +40,0
    0,639 0,403 0,296 0,233 0 , 1 8 9 0 . 1 5 6 o;l3t 0,092 +30.0
    -20,0 0,587 0,397 0,295 0 , 2 3 3 0 ,l 6 9 0:156 0,131 0,092 +20;0
    _ 16,0 0,552 0,394 0,294 0',232 0,lEg 0 .1 3 1 0,092 + 16,0
    -12,0 0,506 0,390 0,230 0,lBg 0:130 0, 0 9 1
    - B,o
    0,299 + 12,0
    0,443 0,352 0 ,2 9 2 0,228 0,187 o:130 0,091 + 8,0
    - 6,0 0,394 0,324 0,269 0.224 0,195 0 ,i 3 0 0.091 + 6,0
    - 5,0 0, 36 5 0,306 0 ,2 5 7 o;216 0,182 0,130 o:oel + 5,0
    - 4,0 0,329 0,284 0,241 0,207 0,776 0 ,1 2 9 0;0e1 + 4,0
    - 3,0 0,280 0,248 0,216 0 , 1 9 9 0 ,1 6 3 0,090 0,066 + 3,0
    - 2,5 0,250 0.223 0,195 0 ,1 7 0 0,064 + 2.5
    - 2,0 0,211 0,190 0,170 0,151 0,117 0,060 + 2',0
    - l,g 0,191 0,172 0, 154 0,l3g 0,057 + 1,8
    - 1,6 0,167 0,152 0,136 0 ,1 2 3 0,053 + 1,6
    - 1,4 0,126 0.1l4 0 ,1 0 3 0,046 + 1,4
    + 1, 0 0,000 0;000 0,000 0,000 + 1,0
    + 1,2 0 ,l 0 g 0,117 0 , 1 2 5 o,trs o,tso 0,187 - 1,2
    + 1,4 0,150 0,163 0,175 0,lgg 0,215 0,270 - 1,4
    + 1,6 0 ,i g 3 0,lgg 0 , 2 1 4 0,231 0,248 0,265 0,302 0,343 1,6
    + I,8 0 210 0,229 0 , 2 4 9 0,267 0,299 0,310 0,355 0,406 1.8
    + 2,0 o,zss 0,255 0.277 0,301 0,325 0,351 0,405 0,464 - 2',0
    + 2,5 0,279 0 ,3 0 9 0 : 3 4 1 0,375 0 , 4 1 0 0,449 0,520 0,599 - 2,5
    + 3,0 0,319 0,354 0,397 0,441 0,496 0,536 0,625 0,721 - 3,0
    + 4,0 0,329 0,379 0 ,4 3 4 0,495 0,557 0,623 0,691 0,825 0,965 - 4,0
    + 5,0 0.427 0,500 0 , 5 9 1 0,664 0,750 0,840 1,023 1 , 2 1 0
    + 6,0 0',470 0,564 0,660 0,765 0,977 0,990 I ,218 1,450
    + 8 0 0,550 0,667 0,820 0,972 1,125 1,290 1,596 1,930
    + 12,0 0,673 0.887 1, 1 3 5 I ,390 1,640 1,900 2,353 2,890
    + 16,0 0,790 I :0 8 6 I ,450 l,gl0 2,155 2,510 3 , 1 1 0 3,850
    +20,0 0,996 l;280 | ,765 2,230 2,670 3,120 3,867
    +30,0 I ,lsi 1,760 2 , 5 5 2 3 , 2 8 0 3,957
    +40,0 0,699 1,398 2,240 3,339 4 , 3 3 0
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    Hbrx rIo 71aHnbrMgrncfiI'epaMeHTaJrbrrhrxEccre,Ipsauufi Ha
    X , (18-87) upu6ope3fAA.
    kenaqpnnenma ycnoq

    rAe ft - r.rry6uua rioroKa E uccaeAyeuofi ToqKe, o[p,eAe-


    rr.neManno Qopuy"ue(18-82).
    5fi"0 B=10"
    VaerrHuft pacxoA Ha ysacrKax S-4 u I-2
    g6 sfi=42
    0f
    4,4

    ( l8-88) ql
    0
    ,.n(?)- @-n) 0r30! 0,846 0t 02 0i 0! qi 0f q7 0f qez/a
    S/t=0 8=30o tftzo
    n+m 0=+a,,o-
    s/t.03 5ft.Q2

    0,
    ilt,q4
    3nax MHHyc nepeA pa3Hocrbro (m-n) 6eperca AJrr yqa-
    cTKa 3-4, 3HaK nJrroc-Anff yqacrKa I-2. 0,6

    3. QparueHrurrrnoB II, III H IV 0,

    3 a e n c r . r N , r o c r(n1 8 - 8 2 ) , ( 1 8 - 8 3 ) , ( 1 8 - 8 1 ) , ( 1 8 - 8 6 ) ,
    (18-87) u (18-88) Moryr 6trrt ucrro"{b3oBaubrraK}Ke
    H AIIr QparuenroB THnoB II, III 14 IV, ecnu noAcraBr{rb
    B sra 3aBHcHMocrH-coorBercrByrou{r4esruM Spanu,eurau
    3rlaqeHr{s nt H n. <D.opuy;ru \Jrfl, onpe.(eJreunfl nocr.off,H-
    HHX r? n n 14 HCKOMbTX gJTeMeHTOB nOTOKa AJrff KaI(AOTO @uz. 18-53. I'pa$turcu dnn onpederteHufr.h, edottt co-
    rI3 .yKa3aHHbrxQpa,fMeHToB,a TaKxe q\eMbr gTHx Qpar- npflzarculeil cmeuru ycmofl npu pasltuttHbtx yzttax ,(0)
    MeHroB rrpuBeAeubr B ra6a. l8--l l. ee HaKJtoHtttt ocu x u p&s/tuqaod dttuue wnopu;(s)
    33 3ax. 125
    ]E

    PA3,A,EN TPETHH. r H APOTEXH Hq ECKHE COOPVXEH Hfl


    514
    f"rry6lrHa,noroKa BAoJIb HenpollHllaeMono KoHTypa Spar- llunuu pdilnaeo nomenquano
    MeHra onpeAeJrffcrcfi rro sopuyae; anaaoru'ruofr (18-81):

    h:{ ( h ? h ' )h ,+ 4 , (rs-sr1


    rAe hr - HaxoAflrcfl no rpaQnKy QHr. 18-53;
    hu u h" - rny6r,rnbr noroKa coorBercTBeHHo c gepxo-
    eoft 'H Hus,os'oti cro'poH $paruelra.

    'Ha
    5. I'ny6una noroKa rpaHnqax cMe)KHbIx
    SparnneHron
    sa o4uofi us nu+uir tuno'p(n'o n:wuuuc-d
    3aAaeurucs
    HJrr{ e-f) opAuuar'ofi npaH,LlqHofilrnnn lo'xa gr wrv Uz
    (Qur. lB-54) vt IIoAcraBI{B 3HaqeHHe a Qoptrly.ny
    2"", 2
    (18-86), norlaran e Hefi kT3:1, no'nyuuM IIpHBeAeH-
    z @uz. 18-54. Cxeua K pac.temy o6xod-
    uufi pacxoA Ha yrracrKe or KoIIua uilopbl .u.o paccMarpl'I- Hozo SuttumpaquoHHo?onomova
    saer{oft TorrKH:

    Qr , i:
    -I Arch
    2ch
    e) + (m-n)

    n+m
    ' (18-e2) rA€ Eo
    p

    I
    - cyrUltapuufi MoAyJrb, pa,nHufi no ,Bem{qHHe

    cryMMe Molynefi Bcex (p) Qparlrentoe;


    BHaK MHHyc nepeA pa3llocrblo (m-n) 6epyr Ans lenofi .t

    cropoHbr Qpar,vreura, 3HaK [IJIIoc - rJIfl upano'ft. Eo - cyMMa uo,qy.nefi ncex SpafMeHroB, pacnoJro-
    Brcpyro opAuHary, coceAHlolo c 3aAaRnoft, onpeAenflIoT I
    no Sopvy;re (18-93), uoAcratslnfl B H€e Qy.i vs (1&-92): x(eHHbrx uexAy BepxHr{M 6rcQou M pa:3-
    ,Aelnuofi nn:r.ueit, .qJrr Koropofi on,peleJrflercfi
    I (n * m) ch (nq,,;\ + (m-n) rny6aHa;
    v. - - -
    lL
    Arch (r8-e3)
    7T
    ht s hz- r.ny6ran,a -BoAbr ,HaA BoAoy.fiopoM coorBer,cr-
    tseurro B tsepxHeM +r Hr{x{ueu 6rc,$ax coopy-
    r )I{eHI{fl.
    rAe sHaK ,rrnrcc ilepeA pa3H,ocrblo (m-n) ttpuirl{MaIclr AJIfi
    nenoft (nepxonofi) croponu Qparueura, 3HaK MilHyc-Arlt Onpe4e.rrunrpaHurrHbrerny6unn Suttrpauuouuoro flo-
    npa,eofi (uusonofi). To,Ka,HerpyArlo 3areM rlo' co,o'nBercrByroullrM
    Q,optr.ry.nav
    Onpe.ue.rrun flo Soprrly.ne (18-93) Bropyrc v crleAylo- orleJrbHoxaxAufi 'Qp,ar-
    (ra,6n. 18-l l ), pa,ccMarpn:B?fl.
    utle (no qr{cJly runop) opALIHarbI, HaxoAffT AaJIee AJIn MeHT, BbITII{CJII{Tb I'I'CKOMble 9JI€rV,eHThI IIOTOKa.
    KaxAoro Q'paruenra [p'LI,BeAeIrHblepacxoAbl (r'o"ntxo',rro
    THHI,IqM 'UINOP).
    fI,O BeJIH'III{He pa,CxqAots QrJ, Qr,2, ... , qr,p Il T, A. r8-r 1. oHJIbTpAUHt B 3EMJrtHbrX LJTOTHHAX
    naxoAffT MqAyJrH Qopun 4nr Kax(Aoro Qpanueura, T. e.
    l. lleperuuuxa Hs oAHopoAHoro rpyHra
    ' l l 1
    c BepTHKaJrbHbrMH OTKOCaMH
    ' (1r,2' ' Ha BOAOHenpOHHTIaeMOM OCHOBaHT{H
    Qr,l Vr,P

    Pa.cqer [epeMbrr{Ku c aeprnKaJrbHbrMu orKocaMu (Qrar.


    A.nq QrparMenta tuua V MoAyJIb QOp'trln orpeAeJql'or
    npu6nuxeuHo, no reM xe Soprrly.nalt, qro tr AJIfl Qpar- 18-61,4) Ha BoAoHerrpoHHrIaeMoMocHoBaHHr{ ,BbnnoJr-
    I\{eHTaruna II, noJlarafi B HI,Ix HseTcff Ha ocHoBe pe[reHHfi, IipeAJro)KeHHOTO rur.-Kopp.
    4*ulerta"" HayK CCCP n. fl. flo"rry6apunoeofi-Koquuofi
    ,
    s"j : s - +3/ t g 0 . ( 1 8 - 9 4 ) tlel.
    Bucora Bbrxora @u.nlrp,aq[olrnoro flor,oKa Ha HLrsoBoM

    F.ny6nHy noroKa Ha pasAeJIbHbIx JIHHI{nx reeoft cropo- rr,o npaQuxau :t (+,


    orKooeorupeAerqercn
    Hbr p,accMaTpr{rBd,eMrofo Qparnaenra oflpe4eJl'slor [Io sop- f #)
    MyJIe:
    (02r. 18-61,6, a). O6o,sHanreHr.rs h\ hz, H, Ho, L trp,Lr'
    B,eAeHbr Ha Sur. l8-{1,a.
    7]e,upec,caounyrc KpHByro B fiepeMbrqKe Kouerru,ofi runpl{-
    Hbr L crporrT npn6.nmxeHuo, ncnGlbsyrr KpHByro Aerr'pec-
    - hl)+h\, (18-e5) cHLt B 6ecrpueuno ruupoxofi nepeMbrqKe (L:oo) ,rrpu
    _gT'
    cyrcrBl{H Bo.EbI rs HI{xGeM 6reQe (hz:O). (Qur. 18-62),
    nAe oJIa AaHa ,B 6eapasuepHux KoopAr.raarax. 3HanreuHq
    rrocJreq,HrrxAaHbr B ta.6a. l8-12.
    NIABA B OCEM HAE IIATAfl . cFHI hTp A II H OH rI bI E pActrETbl
    515
    Ta1nuqa I8-I I
    Cxeuu SparuenroB u pacqernbreSoplryaH Anc HHx

    Tnn QparueHra Cxerua @parueHra


    f

    Softttyrur
    '
    N Qoprrly.rrbt.
    no Koropoft uuvucacroTcs
    .uns rIocroflHnax m H n
    r||,a,po,u,HHaMHrtecKne
    3neMeHTbtnoToxa

    IIlJIenufi [ ( r8-87)

    18-55

    2
    h6 ,h,
    3
    II llpanufi I (18-8_2),
    (18-83),(18-86),( 18-87)
    a (18-88)

    III JIenufi 1(8d$5,(


    t8-so)'
    (18-87)'
    Il3:33i'"(

    4
    h6
    3 ( 1 8 - 8 2 ) ,( r 8 - 8 3 ) , ( l 8 - 8 6 ) , ( 1 8 - 8 7 ) ,
    III flpannfi ( 1 8 - 8 8 ) , ( 1 8 - 8 9 )u ( 1 8 - 9 0 )

    IV Jlesnfi ( r 8 - 8 4 ) , ( 1 8 - 8 6 ) ,( 1 8 - 8 8 ) ,( 1 8 - 8 9 )
    u (18-e0)

    (Duz.18-59

    IV flpannrfi ( l s - 8 3 ) , ( 1 8 - 8 6 ) ,( r B - 8 8 ) ,( t B - 8 9 )
    u ( 18-90)
    PA3,4EJT TPETHE. THTPOTEXH CKLIE COOPY)KEHHfl
    516

    0
    t0
    b:#"
    8;62. I-pafiurcnocmpoevundenpeccuorunort
    rcpuaofi
    6espaeuepnou rcoopduruamax)s nepeJuwqrce

    lIp
    ANEHI

    :f {:
    \/
    $uar: IUIH rpyHTa hr-
    tr,epeMbrrrKl4, r.ny6una ,BoAbr B
    BEDXT u 6reSe.
    nepeMLrqKr{ c 6ecxoueqnofi ruupxuofi ocrroBaur.rff
    (L:o ) npn orcyrcrrBr.rn Bo.qbr s HHxHdv ,6reSe (hz:0)
    $u.nrr aquogHstft pacxoA Ha qAHHETIy'qJrHHbr[epeMbrrrKr4
    paBeu

    : r,846
    Ho. (r8-e6)
    +
    I.n: n,epeMbrlKu c r<onesnofi urupuuofi ocHoBaHr{ff ,rlpn
    L
    I npa6rulr(eHuo Mo)r(Ho npnnqrb:
    ,r'

    J__ |,35,j70. (18-97)


    h,
    @ue. 1B-61 . Koopduruamweouoda denpeccuon-
    Hort rcpusort.na ruusoaort omKoc nepe.Mblttttu(no
    n. fl. Ilony6apuruoaofi-Koauruofr):?:t
    e , ?\
    r \l2r hl

    Ta1nuqa 18-12
    'xpurofi
    Koop4nnaru Aerrpeccuonnofi (despasruepHue)
    B [epeMbrrtKe6ecroneqnofi-uupHnhr

    0,07330 . 2 5 0 I,520
    0 , 1 6 0 0',445 t'Iu
    5,95 10,97
    3,96 5,77

    3rrl npn6rux,euuoe fiocr,pa.afls,g tsorgMox(Ho KaK rrpu


    orcyrcrBnr4., TaK u rrpll HaJiHqHHB.o.4brB HHx(,HeM6reQe.
    A.ns eroro rrs HaqaJra roop4uuar (Snr. 18-62) npo-
    tsroAsrrrpsMyCI c ]rJr,orBbruxo,eQ,Qr.iqrueHToM
    0-H-Ho
    L
    Ao nepeceqerruff c rpunofi Aenpeccun a 6espasuepnbrx Be-
    JIHqHHa.x. Orpesor OB 6yaer uso6paxaru npu6.nuxeHHo
    18-63. I-pafiurc npuaedenuwx pacxodos
    no,uo6noe [oJrox('eHu€ ucrouofi Aenpeccnousofi rnpunofi ts (L n'
    s nepeJ4bL4rc€i
    4,r :: If \ , i , ' \
    flepeMrilrIKe. h, )
    FJIABA B OCEMHA,TIUATAfl . O H JI bTPA HOHHbIE PAC'IETuI
    5r7
    L
    llpn , ( I srro pa,BeHcroo
    craHo,BuTcflBce Me$eeTorr-
    ll1
    L /
    HLtrMno Mepe npu6.nuxeuna
    T ".Hynro.
    flpa I-- oo, Ho npu hz*O, orrroruen
    u3Me-
    * Ta6auqa 18-14
    ;h 3HaqeHnc {ynxqnfi ft( , Iz( a7 rpq pacqere nJrorpHbr
    Hflercq B npeA'eJraxoT 1,346 ao I npu H3MeHerrHH ftz or ")
    0 Ao oo. no C. H. Hylrepory
    L
    B y3Kl-rxflepeMbr,rrKaxfipH I l.rrs cJyqaq hz:0
    h,( f, (") f' (") f' (")
    pacxoA npr.r6.rrnxeuno
    Il5] Sr.r.rrrrpauaosssrfi paBeH:

    +=*
    k , 2
    r". (ra-es) 0,05
    0,06
    0,420
    0,416
    0,26
    0,27
    Butcora tsbrxoAa AenpeccnoutrofiKpHBoft Ha 'Husosofi 0,07 0,413 0,28
    OTKOC II. NPHBEACHHbIC ;P4CXOAbI HA EAITHHIIY AJIHHbI IIE-
    0,09 0,410 0,29
    peMbrrrKu;raHbr n Ta,6.n.18-13. 0,09 0,407 0,30
    0 ,1 0 0,405 0,31
    Ta6ttuqa 18-/3 0,11 0,403 0,32
    Bwcora Bbrxo4a Aenpecclronnofi kpnnoft na Hnsoeofi orKoc
    0,12 0,401 0.33
    0,13 0,399 0,34
    u Quaurpaquonnufi pacxoA Ans y3KHx nepeMbrrreK 0,14 0,397 035 0 , 4l 6
    <Du.nrrpaqrronnufi pacxor Ha e.rr,HHuqy
    0,396 o,so 0,419
    Jl.rruHbrIIepeMbrqKH
    0,395 o,37 0,423
    0,394 0,39 0,427
    0,393 0,39 0,431
    0,393 0,40 0,436
    0,393 0,295 0,41 0,441
    0 ,? l 0,393 0,294 0,42 0,446
    0,?2 0,393 0,293 0,43 0,451
    0,23 0,394 0,292 0,M 0,457
    0,?4 0,395 0,291 0,45 0,464
    0,25 0,396 0,291

    2. [I.noruHa u3 oAHopoAHoronpyHTa
    Ha BOAOHenpOHnqaeMoM ocHoBaHHH Ta6ttut4aI8-15
    IIpH orcvrcTBHH BoAbr B Hr{x(HeM6ne$e
    3naqenus SyHrrrufi F r ( u , o ) flpn pacqere
    Pa,cqet 'IIJIOTI'I,HbI'CBHYTPOHHHM ApeHaX,eM BbIII,oJIHfl€TCf
    ro C. H. Hyr'repony
    cofJIacHo peureHHro, rrroJrf{eHHor{y
    c. H. Hyuepo.nlru fll
    L
    AJIff nJIorHH rrp:H r-l (Sxn. 18-64).
    hr
    flpane4ennnr? @u.rrrpauuosnuft pabxoa Ha efiEni.rqy
    IIIHHbI UIOTI4HbI,p?rB€H: 0,031 0,030 0,030 0,029 0,027
    0,060 0:058 0,057 0,054 0,050
    g':1: - h '* _0,0o7 0:os4 0 , 0 sI 0,077 0.071
    h , L 0 ,1 1 3 0,109 0 ,1 0 4 0 , 0 9 9 0;oeO
    . + cos (an) fr (o) * 0 ,l 3 g 0,133 0 ,1 2 6 0,llB 0,108
    hr 0 ,1 6 2 0,155 0,1+7 0,137 0.125
    h1 0,194 0,175 0,166 0 , 1 5 5 0 ;1 4 0
    ( r8-ee) 0,206 0,196 0 ,1 s 4 0 , 1 7 1 0 ,1 5 4
    0,227 0,215 0,202 0 . 1 E 6 0 ,1 6 8
    (an)f, (")l'- 2sin(an)f,(o)+
    I o,247 o,231 0,219 o:201 0 , 1 8 1
    l+.cos 0,2C'6 0,235 0,215 0,l93
    Vpaeueuue Kp,14rsgft.{enrpoCCgg B- TeJIe nJro,TI{Hbr on,pe,I.ei 0,250 o 229 0,204
    rsercq Aflfi 0--<y --( h1 uo Qopuy;re: 0,265 o',242 0 . 2 1 5
    0,279 0 , 2 5 4 0,226
    -x- : - |y / v \ 0,292 0,266 0,236
    h L
    { l - _ 0 , bh: r Jl _ F r ( u , " ) + 0,305 o , 2 7 7 0,245
    Q r ' \
    0,319 0,2S8 0,254
    8' +* t^*\ r: I 0,359 0,330 0 , 2 9 8 0 ,263
    I, t g . ( a n )h 2 ( u , a ) . (18-100)
    0,372 0,342 o;308 0,272
    hL
    0,3t5 0,353 0,318 0,2E0
    O6o,sHaq'eHr,rs L, x H A npnBeAetrbr Ha Sur. 18-64:
    dlr - yfo.rr HaKnoHa BepxoBono oTKoca ruroTHHbr K fopl{-
    PA?AEJI TPETHN. TffNPOT HIIECKHE COOPY)I(EHHf
    5lB

    peHaxeM oHa paBHa paccToflHHrooT BepTr{KanH,npoBe_


    enuofi qepes nepeceqeHHeropH3orrra BoAur c BepxoBbrM
    KOCOM AO IIOAOIUBbI HH3OBOTO oTKOCa [JtoTHHbr.
    Bucora BbrxoAaAenpeccuonnofi xpunofi s Hacnognufi
    urrbrp HaxoAurcqus eoprrlynrr f. I(. MuxailJroBa

    @ue. 18-64. Cxeua dttn pacvema Quntmpaquu s


    Momufle c nHympeHHurr dperuattceu na Henpovuqa- (18-104)
    kHo amt -16 - a ,
    eiloil ocHonaHuu (no C. H . Hyuepoay)
    ft|1- yIilIOH HH3OBOTO OTKOCa tInOTnHhI; a :4 npn
    Tadnuqa I8-16 mr)l n a :B npu rnr(I.
    3Ha,IeHHcSyHrqufi F2 (u, o ) npu Pacqere
    no'C. H. Hyuepony 3. [ItoruHa r{3 oAHopoAHoro npyHra
    BOAOHerrpoHHrIaeMoM OCHOBaHHH IrpH HaJrHrrHrn
    EoAbr B HHx(Heu 6reee
    o , o s l o , r o f o , r s 0,20 0,25
    Pacqer [Jror'Hbr_ c ,a.peuax<uofi npusraofi EpH HaJrIrrrEIr
    0,05 0,027 0,025 Anr B HHxHeM 6reQe sunoanserig npu6.ru.rxeuuo co_
    0,10 0,049 0,045 acno pe[reur{ro, _npeAnoxer{EoMy A. A. Vrunvycorrr
    -(Qur. - H
    0,15 0,068 3BHroMyn. A. Illanxunuu [24] 18-65).
    0,20 0,095 (Dn"rrrtpa4uousnfipacxor Ha e.u,nnuqy
    AJrH,Hbr[Jrorr,rHbr
    0,25 0,101
    0,30 0,1l5
    0,35 0,129 hC*L{msh2
    0,40 0,I40 c2
    0,45 0,151 .,
    0,50
    0,55
    0,60
    0,223
    0,237
    0,179 0,162
    0,190 0,772
    0,201 0,lgl
    t.
    L
    h c-r L
    C2
    + moh
    { c2
    ( 18- 105)
    0,65 0,250 0,232 0 , 2 1 1 0 , 1 9 9 fny6uya rroroKa Ha4 nopl{30HTOM
    Qrurtrparlx,oitHoro
    0,70 0,263 0,243 0 , 2 2 1 0 , 1 9 7 br B HuxHeu 6le$e ofipeAeJrfiercfl Hg Qopruynu:
    0,75 0,275 0,253 0 , 2 3 0 0 , 2 0 5
    0,80 0,296 0,263 0,239 0 , 2 1 3 0,185
    0,85 0.297 0,273 0 , 2 4 7 0,220 0 ,1 9 0 ,- . (hr-hr)C+L+mohz
    -
    "
    ,&ll N
    c 2
    0,90 o:308 0,282 0 , 2 5 5 0,226 0,196
    0,95 0,319 0,291 0,263 0,233 0,201
    100 0,329 0,300 0 , 2 7 0 0 , 2 3 9 0,208 | (hFlLz)C I Llm,ih2lz - LI hr-hzfz
    Lffl rl (18-roo)
    flpu pacvecax Qu.ttbrpaqul{ B trJlortrHax c ropx3oHraJlb- sfl
    HbrM ApeHalr(eM u B nJrorlrHax c HacJIoIIHuru QullrpoM no
    irpeAJro)Kenuro f. K. MHxafirosal yrler coIIporLIBJIeHHs t,
    BepxoBoro Krrr.rna n.rroruubr Mox<er 6nrn BbrnoJrrreHflyreM
    yBgir?rqeHuflAnr{Hbr noroKa Ha LL.
    A.nusa LL HaxoAurcff us t[opuynn
    LL: h, Lg, (18-101)
    rAe ftr- HanopHa nloruue,.Ap onpeAensercs
    no Qop-
    MVJIE: I l--

    AP: I ibp
    2++ ( 18.- 102) ft-6q. Cxeua dttn pacaema_Qutompaquu s nrto-
    us odruopodnoeo c dfenacttfuort' npueuort.
    "pyHma
    HA HenpoHuqaeJwol{ocHogaHuu
    rAe m- SaJIO)KeHr.Ie BepXOBOTO OTKOCa.
    PacxoA Ha eAI{HHrry AJIHHbTrlJlorr,rHbrnpu yKa3anHofi ga-
    MeHe onpeAeJrfiercffrro $opr'ryne H. H. IlasroscKoro: f.ny6una Qunttpaqr{onuoro rroroKa (pacuernan) B KoH-
    BepxoBoro K.rrHHa[JroTHHbI paBHa:
    q
    n h 7
    ( l 8- 103) , L * mohz
    L+ ^L+lt (L + Ltlz - ffiz hr,
    r L l : - - . - f

    f.- K. M x x a ft a o e, B Tpaneuon.4anbubrx nrora-


    "O ex.nrrpaunu
    Hq_^ropusoaranbHoM BoAoynope",
    Ilx fuAporerxuxa r{ Menrtopaurlff
    N I 1952.
    TJTABA BOCEMHATUATAfl. AHJI,TPAUHOH H bIE PAC'TETbI
    519

    fny6rlny fts MoxHo onpeAe.llrHTbraKxe, noJlbsytcb n,peA- 4. lltornna c eKpaHoMH ApeHax(HofinpnsMofi


    .nox(eHneu f. K. Mfixafirosa (cu. n. 2) H 3aMeTlqflBepxo- Ha BOAOHeTIpOHHI{aeMOM OCHOBaH4H
    Bofi ILIHH SKBI{BaJIeHTHbI,M eMy npfMo}roJIbHHiK'oM.
    O,6ogrtaqeHfifr.h1, hz, L, m v. rno BHAHbIus frfir. 18-65- Pacqer nJIorHHbI c gKpaHoM H ApeHaxnofi npxauofi,
    KosSQnrlneHr C yqtlrbrBaer co[IporI'ItsJIeHI"IeBepxouoro pacnonox(euuofi Ha HelpoHlluaeMoM oCHOBa'HHJ'I, trPH Ha-
    rslr.rHau 6eperrcr H3 Ta6n. 18-17 'B 3aEHcHMocrHoT 3a- ruqgn Boru B nl{)KHeM 6rc$e BbIIIoJIHsercr no cnoco6y
    ,7t.
    JIO}I(eHHfi EepXOAOTO OTKOCa aKa,A. H. H. fla'Broscxoro 1221 (QNr. 18--€6).'
    @n;ruipauHonsufi pacxoA Ha gAIrHHqy AJII'IHbIIrJIo'TI'IHbI
    paBeH:
    Ta6ttu4a 18-17 q _ h'- itT
    (18-110)
    KoorfQnuueurC A.rc yqera conpoTHBJIeHHfl BepxoBono k r 2 L '
    KJTHHa nJIorHHbI (no npeAnox(enuro A. A. VnrHuYca)
    rae fr - rny6una $nnmpallHoHHono rloroKa B BepTH.KaJIb-

    HoM ceqennu 0 y oflpeAeJlsercfi no Qoptvty.ne:


    3aaoxenue Kos@Qtt-
    oTKOCar't uueut C
    k" L (hL-42 coszo)*ft, hla sin "
    (18-1ll)
    0,5 0,232 2,5 0,595 4,0 0,663 krL*krasina
    1,0 0,393 3,0 o,624 4,5 0,676
    1,5 o,492 3,5 0,647 5,0 0,687 a"*au
    2,0 0,554 3.i1,ecb 4: - cpe.AHqfl ToJIIIIHHa sKpaHa (au - rol-

    xlnHa SKpaHa r{opMaJlbHo K Cpe.[HeH


    JIHHUH OTKOCA HA O/TMETKE I0.PH3O'HTA
    'as-'to
    sorAbr B€pxHeno 6rerQa, lI(€,
    Vpaaueuue Aeltpeccllouu,ofiKpI'IBofi MN IIA{CTH TIJIOTH'HbI
    nuusy);
    rIpSrBO€BeprruKailHAA HM,eer_ BI,I,A: @- yfon K ropllsoHry cpeAnefi
    HaKJIOII'a
    JrHHI{H 3I(paHa;
    y:{E_2hsx (18-108) kr - xoe(f$uuueur $u.nurpaunu reJla IIJIo-
    TITIIbI;
    k," -
    r<os(p$uqueur Qnarrpaqr'In eKparla-
    I(oopg,unarLl BbIxoAa Aenpeccuouuofi rpr.reofiB Apeuax-
    Hyro npHsMy paBlrbr: VDaeHeHlre AenpeccuottH,ofi rpurofi ua rIHpI4He L (a.ns
    h > y > h r ) HMeer BH.4:
    Hs: hsa' h2-v2
    X:Akr. (18-112)
    I ( 1B-10e) 2q
    /op: ftab. I

    3uaqeuus av bs sa'BHcHMocrIlor 3aJlox{eHutlorKo'


    ca.npr.IsMbImn .(aHbI s ra6n. 1B-18.

    Ta1ttuqa 18-18

    3naqenus xoe$$xqaenroB a E D Ans onpeAeneHHc


    @uz. 18-66. Cxexa dttn pacqema, Suttompa.Lluus
    roopAHHar BbIxoAa AerlpeccHonnofi xpunofi B APeHa>rHYto
    . rIpH3My ocHo$aHuu
    n/Lomu$,ec SqpaHort H& HenpoHuuraeJltor[

    Pacqerr rrr,Torr{Hbrc aI(paH.oMH rpesaxnofi npueuofi npu


    orrryrcml{Ll Bo4bl B HIIx{HeM 6re$e BbInoJIHflIor n,o reM )Ke
    Q'o'prr,tynavr,,IloJla,raff B HI{x hz:0, a AJIrIHy I npnuuuaa
    ycJIoBHO ,4O HarIaJIa .4peHaI(4.

    5. [horuua c c4poM (n.rrn npoHHIraeMbIM


    runyHToM) Ha BoAoIrenpoHHIIaeMoMocHoBaHHH
    Ounrrpauliounntfi pacxon Ha eAHHI'Itly AIIHHbI IIJIoTI'IlIbl
    Pacqer nJ-rorrtl,Hblc ApeHax{uofi nprsruofi npu orcyrcriBlla c r4poM vl tpeuaxHofi n'puauofi Ha He,rIpoHI'I_qaeMoM'oc-
    Boltbr B HIIII(HeM 6leSe tsbIIIOJIHflIOT rI'O TeM Xe QO'pvy"uau' ,Iro,BaHI{H npn HaJIHsHiLI B.oAbI B HH>KHeM 6seQe (Qnr.
    IIOJIafafl rB HI{X hz:O. l8-67) Molxer 6ltrr o'npe.{eJleH npu6.nnxeuHol no Qop-
    flpu orqyrcrBl'Ipl BoAlt B HHx(HeM 6leQe, BbIqHcJIeHHoe MyJre:
    no Qopuyne (18-106) 3_HaqeHLIeft6 B cpaBHeYI'Iu c orblr- q h'-h\
    hr
    HbrMu /LaH'HbltMH Arfi
    -
    L
    B npeAeJlax - +:o,b Ao kr 2L

    f :0,,
    I 3rqr cnoco6 npernaraercc Ha ocHoBe 3Kc[epuMeHToB' Bblno./lHeHHbIx
    A aer orrcrlogeHlle nopflAKa or fl,2 no -2,50/0. B ureneBgM JIorKe, c yqeroM npe.u.noxeHus araa. H. H. flasaoecroro
    nyteft Qualtpaqun B fl,lLpe.
    "BHpryaJIbHux"
    THII,POTEXHHqECK COOPYNEHHfl
    520
    rA€ & - ruy6uHa S.r.nnrpauuoHHofo noroKa sa enpolM (n
    ceqenHn OA), oilpe.rerrreMa.flrro Sop,uy-rril: (9n.. 18-69) cornacHo perreHnro,
    IIIaHxuuuu [24], npu6nnxeuHoMo-
    t - no Qopiuy.rre:
    Lhzt+oh?ra /
    h. : lI/ / (l8-ll4) t -
    n ? @ * m o h r ) h.*;9s a .
    tr; ,. : \/
    (rB-116)
    ae*ct^ ), L+_rhr+ oa
    3.rlecb d: - cpe.,tHfir roJrrrlnHa ffApa (a u- r,o.n- Pac.rer nnoruHbr c flrpoM (N.nu npoHmrlaeMbrM lrrrryH-
    [lHHa rrnpa Ha orM,erKe uepxneno 6se- TO ll) H apeHaxuoli npnsvofi npn oTcyTcTBHH BO,lbr ts
    H HxHeM 6rcSe Bbrlo,'rHflroTno reM )K e
    Sa, crs - To,Jrrr{HHa
    ffApa nHuey); 0opvyJ I a M , n O -
    Jta rar{ B uv,tx h2:Q H cquTas vgrroBH
    o .u.nanyl, A 0 , H a q a -
    kr JIA .[peHa)Ka.
    O:8,

    h,r- xoaQQuuaenr Qu;rrrpauuu reJra nnorr{rrbr;


    -_ ks - xosQ$r.rqHeur
    Qu.nrrpaquusqpa.
    ypaBHeHHe4enp,eccuonuofixpnnofi B HIt3oBoMKJTHHe
    ._
    {h >- ! >- hz) HMeer BI.IA:

    * : -6-
    h2-v2
    or' (l8- l 15)
    @ue. 18-69. Cxettta dnn pacaema
    euntmpa4uu s nto-
    muue t ndpou Ha HenpoHuqaeilo-tt ocHolaHuu
    (no II. A.'lllanwuy)

    6. fl"noruua cMeruanHorornna
    Ha BOAOHenpOHHTIaeMOM OCHOBaHHH

    Pa.c.rer hi-roTurrbrctrerxaHHofo TE:Ea (@:ur. t8-70) c


    a_Kpauo\r Ji3 rJruHucroro rpyuTa Ha rauessoft
    -n-en.pouzqaeMoM Ha_
    EF.FITffZ:::--!-,: {r'!T1'-T-i'.|*;r-tl;:,: - ---.rr.r.ai.e..,j_r_.ri,.;;.i;._.:--iJiIffilii*n:i1;,'sa
    6pccxe, p{cno;roxessofi Ha ocHo,BaHHH,
    7_::: :1.a . -*r-r-:---. _-
    -._.-_..
    npoH3BO-tHTcffiro npe-rirox<euHbrMaKa.4. H. H. llaeaoB_
    Que. 18-67.1'Cxeaa dnn=pacLtemaSutomparluu s nno-
    cKHM Qoprrry.narrr.
    muHe c ndpou na rueipotturlaeiloJrt
    ocHosaHuu
    :r,

    @uz. IS-T0. Cxeua dnn pacaema


    @ue. 18-68. Cxeua dnn _ p&cuuna fiuaompat4uu s Suatmpaquu s nrto-
    muHe c.uet4aHHoeomuna Ha nenpoHuqae-ilroJw
    oc%osaHuu
    nrtomuHe c npoHuLlaenort duaspazarci us wnJHma
    HA HenpoHut4ae.Molt ocHoBaHuU
    (Du.ns'rpauuoaslrfi pacxoA Ha eAHHr.r[v
    AJTIHHLtr
    IIJIOTHHbI
    paBeH:
    Facqer n.rrorr.rnbil
    co unynror\{ (Sur. lS-68) (n npeano-
    JIox(eHHr.r,qro oH B HeKoropoft creneuu rrpoHurraeu)uoxHo
    ranKe BbrrrorrHlrrbrro Qopuy"rrarra(18-l l3) - (lB-11S), q h', - az cosz
    "-h?2
    cqHTafl }Cu]OBHO,qTO runyUronufi sparvreur HMeeT T,oJr_ (18-117)
    k. 2a sin d
    u{HHy a=l n, a ero ilpoHrrrlaerurocripaBHa kc: !kr,
    rne I :0,001J5-0,0050*. Haqa,ro Koop.[,HHar AJrr eroro
    cJlyqafl cJreAJ/eT CqHTaTb oTcTOqil{HM OT trrrryHTa Ha rtrrtt (6oae0 u,pocrlo)
    a
    BenlrqHHy 14 (Sar. 18-68). ..9 .,
    t--0,5 q ni-h2
    - (i8-118)
    f.rry6nua Sa,rr,rpaquoHHoro noroKa 3a rr4poM npu ,Ha- h %t1""
    JrHqr{il BbrxoAa .u,enpeccHonsofi xpunofi Bblrue ropnsoHTa
    a- ynon Harirroua cpe-uuefi JTEHHIIsKpaua
    * Cru.n. 18-4, 2 u
    $al. K ropH3oHTy;

    i--,-
    r
    fJIABA BOCEMHA,\qATAfl . OH,nbTpA\HOH pActlETbl
    HbtE
    521
    an*dn
    - op,ergsq ronurnHa gKpaHa (au _ ma_
    uIHHa, HopMaJrbHagK cp,eanefr JTHHHH
    oTK@a Ha. oTMeTKe nopx.t3oiHTaBqAbr
    BepxHero 6re$a, aH- To )Ke, nnusy);
    L
    pacqer n,,or"i ff ;e#fiffio ^.u,'*
    " "aToHur-"ffi#J#
    Qe nuno.nHffror no r,eu xe q,oprrry.rraM, rodraraq B Hlrx
    . t
    hz:O-
    Btrcora BbrxoAa Ho onpen,eJrfercfi npu6nnxeuno,
    x:Lri",(S). (18-ue)
    [Ip€AtIo.nox(eHHJt,rrrro KpHBarr Aenpeccr,rH ; oKpaHe
    B \2HI
    6yaer
    HopMaJrbHaK Ha,[op,HoMyOTr@cy.
    Paccrosnue or oca U lo ApeHax{a Bbrpaxaercrr
    tvty"llOft: oop_
    7. [I.nornHa HB oAHopoAHoro npyHra
    Ha npoHHrIaeMoM ocHoBaHHH6eCKOHeqHofi
    MOUIHOCTH rrpH oTcyTCTBr,rH BOAbr L o : - + A r s h( T ) .
    B HHx{HeM6uefre
    Pacqer nJroTr.rHbr L ( |
    CJIOX(CHHOM H3
    H3 oAHopoAgoro rpyHTa Ha ocHoBaHHH,
    TOTO XC-JPYHTA,
    nuepurefi ropHsoHrarlulrfi irpu"r*
    qTO U TEJIO IIJIOTHHbI,
    * ; J-. t tt LI
    Arsh
    ff)l*') (,8-,20)
    (er.. ig_zf ,a1,- ipi
    OTCYTCTBHH BOAbI B HHX(HCM 6UCQC SUilOTHqCTCg
    HA OCHO-
    Be peureuufi,AaHHbrx(D. 6. He.nncon_C*op""*o"or* Annsa BbIKrrr{Hr{B
    alr4fl, IenpeccuonHofi rp,unofi B Ape-
    AJIff NJIOTI{HbI C TOPH3OHTAJIbHbIM
    tiS], uaxc /oo paBHa:
    HAIIOPHbI}VI OTKOCOM ('b#:
    18-71,6\ H r'rs nJror'Hbr c HarropfirbrMoTKo,ooM, rroqrr{
    -,-
    BeprnxarrbHbrM(Qnr- lg_71,;). jr a,.h
    Bce npaxrtzqecKue cnytran nJrorr4HJrex(aT M,exAy grrarvr]r
    ,IEyMff wpafiuutr,r:agHaqeHHrrMH.
    Itp:L-Lo:\
    (T).
    a) ++{t-.nIe,.r,
    (?] ) (r8-r2r)

    _ ?".p3jIopocrefi Qvnrrpaqr,rarrpg tsxqAeB APEHA}K fiO


    JTHHHH ttUL ollpe,AeJrfl€Tcfl
    IrO ypaBHeHHro:

    Qy:

    ,-*''(#) , ( lg-t22)

    n4o t - Qyoorurr ,ToKa, xoropofi {a€rcfl pflA sgaqeHuri e


    kH (uanpuuep,.J.,
    Ao.nsx :0,1 kH; Q:0,2 ii,:,
    Q : kH).
    A6cIulc,cu x cxopocr,'efi u/ MOx{Ito ou,p,eAeJrHTbIr3 ypaB_
    HEHHf:

    x--f *+1,*.n(#)]' (18- 123)

    gHaserrHfi
    ,.a,Bafl.cooTtseTcrB,errHhre * ,B Aotrsx kH.
    cxopocm, HanpaBJreHHaflBHH3, cqHTaercff fl,oJro>ril.rreJlb-
    a HanpaBJregHasBBepx- oTpurrareaunor?.
    "ol,Cerxa 4slrx,euun
    Sz.rrrrpaq"*ono r,oroKa ,CTPOHTCff tI'O
    ypaBHeHHqM:

    v _ - +++[r-.o,(#).'
    (#)]'l
    ( r8--124)

    Que. 18-71- Cxeuw d4n pacuema a


    J :
    ;+1",'(#)"(;+)
    I
    nrtomuHe us oduopodnozo'zpyuma Ha $unompa4uu
    npohu4aeuoa 6) Pacq,sr trJr,oruxbl c KpHBonHHefiHtrM, [oqrr.r BeDTr.r-
    octolaHuu fecrconeqnortuou"qiocnru@o b. B. Hene_
    KaJrbHbrMHanopHbrM orr{ocoM (cnr.
    con-CrcopHnKosy) enr. l8-Zl, a) B,e_
    ,4eTCgT,OqHOTaK )I(,e, KaK ,H .nJr,OTH,HbI
    C ropHSoHTaJrbrrbliM
    PA3AEN TPETHN, THT,POTEXHHTIEEKHECOOPY)KEHI4fl
    5
    8t,_
    IU Y r) kr
    I
    I
    IP 4t .
    2\
    kr

    4s
    3)
    l" 4)
    kr

    8z
    @uz. 18-72. Cxeua dts pacqema $uttompaquu kr
    8 nnomuHe c Srcpa$Ort u nOHypo.M Ha npoHuqaeJv0rt
    ocHoSa$uu KoHev$ou ttoqHocmu ( l8- 130)
    X

    sarropHbrM oTKocoM, no c.rreAyrorrlHMypaBHeHHflM: 5) q, : k, Trp Y-i, X


    af J{pIIBafl
    ,qenp'eCCHOHH
    v,- n)en(*nV n ) -n,, _ n,@r-r,),
    .
    _l
    ^ I'
    x: L.t" fg) ; (18-125) 2bsina
    \2H t L sh(mhl/A,) I
    Qs (h+T\2-(a*hz*T)z
    ,AJrI{HaabrKJrtIHIrBaHHflAe,rrpoccsoHu'or?xpnnoft B Ape- 6)
    HAX kr 2[L-mh-mt(a*hr)l

    ttp: L +
    2H
    ;
    Arsh
    r 2 H\ |
    chl Arsh
    t 2 H\ 1
    (18-126) 7)
    Qr
    kr
    :afsinr(r+
    ^ry)*
    \e )-t l; /l;
    erllopa cropocrefi
    Jnilrfir{ BCO
    Suarrpaqlz.u npa Bxo4e rB llp,eHax< no L
    a*h, T
    --------------: -r- | - 'fl
    )
    py ( 18- 127) si np 4
    nL zt0
    1_ - sh -
    2H zKH

    coorB€TcrBylorrlue a,6cqucclr Cucreuy ypanuennfi (18-130) perualor no46opou,


    I p H H H M a f l , tITO:

    n :- f * t * ( # ) ( rB- 12E)
    8z: Q z- Qi
    (18-131)
    Q+: 4s- 8s,
    Vpaeueuufl cerKu ABI{xeHHff:
    '
    0 / n o \ / n 0 \ noJrafaq, qTo:
    a Ta,K,>I(e
    x: _; + L sin , h
    \r*)rn \r* ) ,P _ ,f, _)_
    ( 1B-12e) r c p - r l
    2
    t

    e /zco\ /f9_\
    y-
    k *Lcos\ffi)'h\innt.
    kn
    At: ' (r8-132)
    kr Ttn
    k)
    8. [I.notuHa c eKpaHoMu rIoHyPoM Az:
    hrTrp b cos a
    Ha rrpoHurlaeMoMocHoBaHHHKoHeqnofiMolrrHocru
    Pacqer IJIoTHHE{c eKpaHoM H nonypoM Ha npouuuae'
    O6oenaqellfr hy hz, Lr,ttl, ffl1, b, d, 9, a, T, tnsuAHbl
    MoM ocHoBaHr4HroHetlHofi MoulHocru, c goAofi B HHIKHeM
    6te$e Bbrllonllfiercr npu6.tuxeuno Ha ocIIoBe I'I3rIo- -hr_ 18-72.
    ue Qur.
    xoaQQnuuent $u.rrlrpauuu reJIa v ocHoBaHHfl
    xeHHoto n. A. Illauruuuu peueHnr [24], ue npeAnorla-
    qTo Ll NAOTHHbI,
    ra€Tcg, TeJIo ,nJI'otrlIHbI H ocHoBaHHe iI4MeIOT o'AHH
    ftn- xoe$Qr.IuHeut Qn.nsrpaunu noHyPa;
    ror >xe roeQQuqxeur Qn.nrrpaqHu kr-ko.
    pacxoAoB 4t-, 4z h s- xoa$Qlruueur'Snlrrpaqull sKpaHa.
    Ans floryqeHuff HeLr3BecrHbIxBeJIHTIUH n
    v 4s s cerreuunx I-1, III-llI u V-V (Qur. 1,8-72) ri Atts cJlyqafi nJIorHHbI 6'es noAlt B HI'I)KiIeM 6nreQe
    norepb TlanopoB h, n h1 B ceqeuliflx I-I n II-II" a ypanirenuax (18-130) npI'IHI'IMaerct' h2:Q, AJ-Iff nrlorl'IHbr
    TaKxe opAnHarbr Ae,npeccuouuofi rcpunofi h ts ceqeHHH c-,aponax,eM TarcKe ooorBercTBeHHo il'I A:8-
    III-lll u tsblxo.u.a ,Aellpeccuottttoft rpnnoft ftla orKoc 4 flpn npaKTHtI€cKu HerlpoHIrIraeMbIx 3Kpaue H n'oHyPe
    peueHnfl' [peAno-
    e^[ety,er pelxurb cucreMy nz 7 ypaBReHnft: Qunirpaqrloinrnrft paaxoA Ha ocuo'Be
    rnABA BocEMHAnUATAfl , aHJTuTPAIIHIHHbIE pAcQeTnI
    523
    xennoro axal. E. A. 3auapuutrrrl [5], uoxer n'pu-
    d.nnxenno uafiqen HS S,optrryru:

    _q- : T hr--h
    ho n Ln*mh-

    :ryf'*ry *] ' (r8-r3s)


    Koropaff peuraercr no.q6,oporrl lnn h u q.
    3uaqenue roeQsnuue*ra n 6epyr ris ra6n. lB-19, ea-
    L
    MeHqrr e Hefi orr roru,eHHe rrenr.reM(L" *mhlL):T.
    ToTHor
    OSoesasenng hb h, T, Ln, h, L npu'BeAeubr Ha Snr. @uz. IB-73. Cxeua dtn pacuema Suntmpar4uu s nrlo-
    t8-72. muHe c aKpaHo.ttu s1t6ou Ha npoHuqaeiloJv ocHoqaHuu
    KoHelHOu JttOt4HOCmu
    '
    9. ll.norrrua Ha [poHrrqaeMoM O6ogfiIaseilHg ht, hz, a, T, tr, D, L, ffi, tnt, a, 9
    ocHoBaHHH
    ,Hts€A€rlbrHA
    NPHts€ACIIbI rSru-. 18-73; Tro
    Ha rQru-. cp H Az oupe4e.nniOrca
    oupeAe.rqiorcg H3
    Hg
    KOHerrHOfi MOTTIHoCTH C gKpaHOM U 3y6OM paBeHcrBa_ (18-132); suaveuua roeQ$uuueHroB Qn.rrl-
    Jpauun: ft.-re.na z ocHoBaHHf{[JrornHbr;k?-sJ{pana;
    Pac.Iet [.rIorHIIbr Ha [Ipo'HHqa'eMoMocHoBaHHu nouequ'oft kB- ey6a.
    MoIrIHocrH c sKpaHoM u sy6ou, AoxoAsrrluM Ao BoAoynopa, AIq cJyqas fl.rrornHbr 6eg ,BoAr,r B rr]txHeM 6ne{e n
    c a'o4oE B [rr4xH€M ,6re$e abrfionHflerca npu6aux<enHo Ha ypaBHeHlrsx (18-134) npuHr{Maerct, h2:Q' an, nJror}rHbr
    ocHqBe pe{rreHufi, npe4Jrox(eHTronon. A. lllasruurrv Pa]. C .4peIIaX(eMTaIoKe COOTB€TCTBeHHO a:'0.
    HeuseecrHbr'e pacxoAbr ql H Qs, opr,Huarbr Aenpeccaocr- TorAa ypanneuue 5 Qopr,,ry.nu (18-134) 6yner HMerb
    nofi xpuaoft h B ceqenurr x-4 rroTepu uauopon /r1 il ht BI.IA:
    u II-ll fi Bblcory .B_bIxoAa .[en-
    Ha ]nracrKax I-l
    pecclonnoft xpureofi Ha Hasonofi orxoc a_ (Qt'tr. 18-73) et: k,:J'y;
    '
    2(L -mh\
    .' (r8-rss)
    \-
    uo.nyuarot noa6opor"r H3 cl'IcreMu ypaaneunfi : I.ns smro xe cnycafl r{Meercff erqe Apyroe, 6onee
    npocroe pemeure M. 3. fyaoear.

    . 2 h+T 10. fl.notrrnu firo6oro THna Ha rrpoHurlaeMoM


    l) q, :kr; htln ; ocHoBaHr{r{KoHeqHofi,I{ decronerrHoft MorrIHocTH
    O
    Pacu.ertr na Qunmpaquro rrJrorlrubr .nro6ono rutra lra
    /h"-fr'\ ilporirdllaeMoM ocHoBaHHH npU6"nuxeun,o BblnGtl,ItfiroT B
    2)q,:k"f#l"' npeAnoJlo,}I{eHall,qTo:
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    ;
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    L'n(*n{ n)
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    'n(^nV
    n) ] '
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    'n(*n{n) (18-134) rAe ft1 - rrailop Ha nJrorr.rHe;
    ke-rosQ$uwenr $r.rrrrpaqzr.r rpyHTa ocuoBa.Hnrr;
    I.-,MoulHocrb cnoff BoAorrporrnqaeMororpyuTa B oc-
    HOBAHI{I4;
    t-rut\pyua [JrorHubr,rroocHoBaHuro Ao ApeHax(a;
    ff+qz-@*hz*T\z n - xos$Qr.rr(uenr, otrpeAeJrrrernHfi
    .r.rsra6.n. l8-lg.
    5) gu: k,
    2 IL - mh - m1(a{..h2)l ' Ta1ttuqa 18-19
    KoeQ$uqraenrn p.ilfl BbrrrucreHrqpacxoAa no Sopuy;re
    (18-r36)
    6)q,:k,afr,"
    u(+^e) + LIT

    a+h, E
    sinp' 4 t M . 3 . f y s o n ,Pacuet
    Su.nrrpaquraqepe3 seMncHyK)nrornny
    c 3KpaHoM aa**o*i. , I HAporexHuqecKoe
    crponTenbcrBo N 10, 1953.
    "

    rL---
    GI

    PAsilEN TPETHH. THTPOTEXHHIIECKHE COOPY)KEHHfl


    524

    Quqnesr Sn.nrtpauuu rena rnorunbl H3 oAHoro rpyura;


    ftop-y.tp- Koe$$quuerlr Qualtpaqulr npor'naoQHnbrpaIIH-
    oHHbIx yctpoficre) pacxoau qepes TeJIo nJIorHHbI Moryr
    npu6;ruxenuo np'HHl{Marbcr paBHbIMu HyJIro, a op,AHHarhI
    4en,p€ccnouuofirpnnofi uoryr npuHnMarbct paBHbIMIInbe-
    3OM€TpHII,eCKHM HaflOpaM B COOTB€TCTByIOUIHX roqKax.
    flpn erorvrocyqecrBJlsercs BTopoenpeAflodo](eHnen. 10'

    I8_I2. NOJIYHANOPHAfl OHJIbTPAII.Hf,


    noA cooPvxEHI{tMH
    (IIo B. H. ApanuHy u C. H. HyuePony)

    Quaorpaqun ,B ocH,oBaHLI[ coopy](eHuq, npu rolop'oft


    gacrn cBoeto nyrn gBrlercg
    Qu.nrrpaqptottttufi tloroK Ha
    HanopHbIM, a trta 98'cru - i6eeganopllblM, HagblBaercfl IIo-
    -

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    (QNr. lB-74, a\. Alnna o6reraeuofi qacrn $nrcr6era:

    1 1: 0 , 4 4 0 r u +
    t-0,733(H+H,)lq
    (t.#)
    + -l_
    I

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    + \rr, (r8-137)

    @ue. IB-74. Cxe.tttt K p&cqenty nortyHa-


    . nopHort fiunompa'u,uu'nod coopyJrceHufl.tuIu
    Vparuenne r<purofi A€up,esss",
    tc 0
    ll, - 0 , 4 4 0 ) ( ' * + 0,7ss(2+ 3aAaeascr B Qoprr,ry.rre(18-139) sIIaqeHHeM wrn '
    Hl \Ht t)' U
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    + Hrl ts'(2+o, (18-138)
    )-ort n,t* (a/
    , qarculHe 3aAaHHOMypacxoAy.
    O.nnr6er n p u - H a J I H s ' L r rB4 o A o y n o p a (Sur'
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    i

    \
    rNABA BOCEMNANUATAfl . OHJII'TPAIIHOH HbIE PACIIETbI
    525
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    pacxoAa, Ta,K KaK H3 nocJIeAHerOCJreAyeT BbrqecTb TO
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    (yrteuuuerrne flrrnpuuu o6.nacrn,nurau.ux).
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    rAe 4n- tpulrrparlaoHgbre noTepu BoAoxpaHnngula Ha


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    (18-149) yqr.rrbrBaercff
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    QumrpaquoHHbr,e nonepu ,B BoAHoM 6a.nauce BoAoxpa- nonyqaroT rH rpyHToBbre Bo.4br B M,exAypeq,HoM Ma,ocHBe
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    .
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    TJIABA BOCEMHAIAATATI. @HITbTPAIIH oH H bt E PAC1ET6I
    27
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    H3 BOAOXpanUrHrqa
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    HHU trOBepxH,Ocrrr fpyHT'oBbrx BoA Ao noAllopa npoH3BonHT-
    cs^no Qoprrry.nauDnnAeuana [(18-152) n (18-153)].
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    Ha eAHIrn-
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    q9lnfl _-BoAoxpaHu.rruura, oupeA€.ltqercfl no $oprvry.ne
    ( l8-150) :

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    ^ Ao T,orrKH
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    3naqeuns p npun,o4nrcn s ra'6r. 18-20. xparrunnrrla K MoMeHry rrpeKparqerrn,
    eu.nltpaqrv:
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    hrlHo qaerca), oupe4enflercfl lto
    6bpuy"tre:

    (18- 157)
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    _
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    np,HB€AeHbr s ra6r. 18-21.
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    xp aHH.trHUIa (onpeae.nqercfl ,irJlaxr
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    cDue. 18-86. Tunu o1pamuwx $uttompoa dpeuarceil


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    TJIABA BOCEMHAITITATAfl . 4,HJI\TPAIIHOII ITbI E PACq ET'I
    533

    f=

    ?6

    24
    npyt!H2aepHL /ru,ol*
    r 06nacmo neflongcmunotx
    ZO I

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    rapofimeputmui
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    I

    @ue. IB-87. I-pafiurc dnn noddo-


    pa fiuaompa uB epaseJtucmo-zarteu-
    HuKosbtx ilamepuaaoa (c oKama+-
    Hbr-t4u uacmuryauu) dnn dperuaucefi.
    uomuv u3 neclaHwx epvtmog H=p!tD

    i:l(ir)
    rDue. 18-88. I-paSurcdtnnod-
    6opa fiuttompa us t4e1enucmbrx
    l) B cnoco6e naypeara Craaascxofi npeunu E. O. Ka- .u.amepuaJxos(c y"rloBambLt4u
    payJIoBa i4] rpaHuua npHMeHeHr{fl
    rpyHroB Arrn o6parnnrx vacmuq&,vu)dnn dpeuacrefintto-
    Qu.rrurpoe pacrxHpeHano cpaBnennxoco crapbrM cuoco6orrr muH us neclaHw)c
    noa6opa Quaurpon. B HeM AonycKaercrr Hcn,oJrb3oBarb "pyHmog
    rtpn BbrxoAHbrxrpaAneHTax Ao 1-(4+5 a,.nncJroeB o,dpar- E :f(H )
    Hono Qu.nbrpa rpyHrbr c roeQQuqu€HroM HeoAu,opo4socru: I

    Ha 6ur. 18-87 AaHa 3anucrril{ocru-E:f (H) Arfl rareq-


    r: ff ).,0. (lB-166) Hnxoabrx H rpaBerrucrbrx rpyHToB, Ha $ur. ia-ss -AIrfl
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    Dso: l0 . 35 uu.
    flpn flo4fope ro trprlBe.(eHHbrMsaBncuMocrfl,M cJroeB
    ( r8-r67) o6parnoro Qu.rrtrpa us MarepuanoB 6onee KpynHo3epHn-
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    (uu. Sur. 18-86).
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    BHHH Bo.[reo, Hcno,'rb3oBaHbt CTbIX
    oco6eusocru o6paaonauHa
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    rux g.rreMeHToB coopyxeunfi H3 fpyHToB, AoJr)KeHnpoH3Bo-
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    g.rreMeHToB H KoHcrpyxuufi coopyxeHHr, HaJrHqtrflToro HJrH
    ApyForo Marepuana Ea Mecre, y4o6crna efo paapa6orru
    u IIp.
    PA3,4,EN TPETHN. THTPOTEXHHITECKHE COOPY)KEHHfl
    534
    flpu oronrlareJlbHoM nr'r6ope KoulfiqecrBa cJIo€B H Mare-
    rITo
    [u{aJroB AJrf o6p,ar[Ioro $nnlrpa cJIeay'ETyqHTblBarb,
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    D#
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    IJto
    Ho r{9.3a HeAocraro.rHoft qcHocru Eonpoca o cre[eHH
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    rpyHra npu yI(naAKe B c.noft o6patuoro Qu.nnrpa
    6es cflequaJrbHbrx ueponpunruft npHMeHeIIHe rpyHTa c
    H>8-10 peKoMeHAoBarbIIoKa He npeAcraBflrercq BoB-
    rUO)KHbIM.
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    Qu.rrrrpaquoHHoro rroroxa K Qulnrpy cHI'I3y BBepx B TH-
    ne II (crrr. $ur. 18-86,4 u e) no rlepBoMy cn,oco6y rpea-
    rafaercq no46Hparb IIo reM xe $oprrayJlaM(18-166) Lt
    (18-167), rrro H AJrfl o6parunx Sn.rrrrpon npH noAXoAe
    Qunorpaqu,oTrHo'ro noroKa cBepxy BHII3.
    fl,o nr,opovy cnoco6y xpyu,ttocrb H cocrdB ,ne'pBo,roctt'or
    SrEnnrpa nu6upaercn no rpaQr.rxau Sur. 18-87 Lr Qur.
    18-88 (a 3aBHcHMocrHor npl{MeHfleMoro uarepnana),
    rtpurr'eM Qn.nlrp ycrpafiEa€Tcrr Jrl{rxb Ha yqacrKax, rAe
    srtxoAHoft rparfieHr SumlpaquoHso,ro n.oroKa BbIuIe no-
    ilycKaeMoro rpaAHeHTa AJIfl AaHHo,ro rpyHTa (r. e., ecJII{
    /uo,*)/aon c HeKoTopbrMsanacou n 4anne). Bropoft c.nofi
    QunrTpa peKoMeHAy,ercfl BbIII,oJIHnrbB cJr,Flaqx, ecJlt BbI-
    xoAsofi rpaAneHr I{3 rpyi{ra ttepBoFo c;ror $n"rrnrpa 6,om-
    ue ,4onycKaeMoro AJrt AaHIIoro rpyHTa vIrH ecJIH 3TOT
    c;roft seo6xoaa,M n'o ]cJro,BHfl,MorBora B'oAbr s HuxHt,Ifi
    6reS. @uz. 18-89. I-pa$urc dttn
    Couacu'o [pIdBeAeHHbIMpeI{oMeHAau,HrMKaK tto [ep- np oBepKu nod6opa Qutn mpa
    BOMy, TaK rr no BTO,pOMyCnO,CO'6y AO[OJIHHTeJIbHaff npo- u a npodottbH! n $ uttt mpaq urc
    BepKa yclofiuurocm KoHTaKTa oMe)KHbIX cJIo'e,B He rpe- dttn dperuacrcedruanecqaHbtx
    6verrcq. / H \
    Arq np'oeepr(H I{oilrra,Kra .lByx cMex(HbIX cJloets fpyHToB ?pyHmaxE:f{-l
    npH Qunrrpaquu cHnsy BBepx cyurecrByer Q'op'ltyna \ 1 /
    JI. 14. KoaJrosofi u C. B. ltla6arua, no xoT'opofi o'tt'pe4e-
    Jtlercfi cIrcpOCTb BbIlvibIBa MeJIKo3epH{'ICTO'|'O rp},rHTa B BbI-
    rueJf,ex(autufinpynuo3epHl{,crblfi rpyur:
    florssoeaHue rpaSr.rxorrrQsr. 18-89 noqcHqelcq cne-
    Ay"toIrlIMnp,uMepoM.Lnn Qraarrpa ApeHalKarMe>KAy rpyH-
    v : 0 , z z d l o ( t. r 0 0 0 c ' w i c e(nr ,8 - l z 0 ) ToM ocuoBaHuqgeM.nqflofiIIJrorI4HbI,
    X?p,aK1g'przisylouerocg
    *) d;o:0,20 uu H rl: $:r, nn6pan t{arepltaJl[IepBoro
    ato
    ecnw d5s v Dao 6epyrcn B MHJIJI'IrMerpax. CJIOff I,I3 ECTECTB fl,ecKa o DIo:1,5 iwt4 vr HI -

    Oua flofiyqeHa Ha ocHoBe onEIToB c oAIIopoAHbII{I4 ne-


    DrH't
    -:-1,3 n xpynuocrblo qacrl{u B rlpeAeJlax :
    -i :3. flponep,r<2sTOfO rpyrlTa Anfi neptsono cJtofl
    cKaMr{ (c I :l,l
    dr:0,15 -:0,20; dz:0,25-. 0,30; d3:0,30-:- 0,50 ntt, nbIJIIl D i o
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    paKTepH3yrotrlHMHCrr xos$Suu,ueHTaMH Heoru,opoAH,o'crE Sn.nrrpa no Snr. 18-87 noKagaJra,qro : ,Dl[
    1 :1,38 -+ 3,47 H dao:0,17 -+ 0,59 tt*t). d5o 02:l
    C;ryuafi ABr{x(en[rr Qu"rruryaquonnoro noroKa BAoJrbEByx HI :3 Jrexar B o6;ra,crn AonycrHMbrx xap,aKTepucrlaK.
    cMexHblx c.roeB rpyHra. llpu HafiilqHLt ryp6yneHrnofi flpoaep'ira Ha nporoJrbHyro $n.nutpaqnio ril,o rpa$rury Snr.
    $uxrrpaquu B cJr,ofix o6paruoro Su"irurpa c rpaAHeHTaMLI D \ o - H ' 3
    < 0,15 ilo cno'co6y Jlaypeara Cra.nuscxoti npeMLIE 18-89 : :1,5, r. e. I{ ,qrlnororo
    aaer;:7 ,5,
    E. O. I(apaynona peKolv{enAyercrco6rloAarb re x(e coor- t T
    HoIrIelIHff Kp'ynHocrH cJI,oeB,qro H IIpH HaJIHIIHHfiaMLIHap,- cnyrra.q .(Blrx<eHzff SurrrrpaqltouHoio {roro,Ka xapaKTep'E-
    Hono QnanrpaqHoHHorp floroKa, I,IAyutoFo [epneHAl-rKyrqp- D}:
    Ho cJIotrM Qzurrrpa, T. e. Ha3Haqarb KpynHocrb cJIoeB no crr,rK' fiep*oro c,nor Q'abrpa Ao,uycrH]t{br (louxa
    Qopuy"rran (18-166) 14 (18-167). " a;o
    flo onnrnbrM AaHrrbrM B. C. I{cr,ovun,oft (BHI4I4 Boa- HI
    rco), irrpoBepKa $u;rnrpaqEoHH,ofi ycr,ofi'uunocru KoHTaKra :7,5 v.-:1,5 JrelKHTe o6racrn ,4onycKaeMblx xapaK-
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    ocH'oBaHl{rrnJrornnbr) 'uox<er 6urr BbrtroJrHreina n'o rpa@nry HO|O rroToKa BAOJIb KOHTaKTa rpyHTa OCHOBaHEfi rr
    .4ofnycTHMbIXXapaKTepr{'cTnK rpyHToB AJIfi .U,O[Iy,CKaeMOFOnepBoro cJIofi QLrnsrpa Moxer 6urn B IIpeAeJIax
    rpaAHeHra /aon( 1,3 (Qur. 18-89). .fsen--(1,3.
    I-JIABA BOCE]VIHANUATA'|. ATTJI'TPAqHOHHbtE PACITETbI
    535
    6) Ilo06op o1parnotx Qutu'rpos 1peuaacefi,
    Dlo 3 =t,5cn,
    cotXpneilrcI4uxcn CO cBfSHbLJvttlepAHrA.n4u

    O6parHne $u.nnrpnr npenaxeit rr,orr{,H *dru,"uir r.rs


    " ynp,oueHbr Ba
    cBfl3fibrx xpyHToB Moryr 6orrs 3HaqHTeJrbHo
    U
    "u
    06n o

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    w,-n
    cqeT cBfl3Hocrr.r rpyHToB, r43 Koropbrx BbrxoAHT Quatrpa-
    xpgn
    rltrourHufi n'orox [16]. IDU

    Ec.nu ceqsHHfi rpyHT TeJranrornHbr HJrr{rpyr{T ocHoBaHr{fl MOlnt


    HMeer qHcro tlJracrnqHocrg @n)- 7-10 u xoaQQuqr.reHr
    BJIa)KHocrHG)0,85, ro nepnuft c.nofi Qunnrpa Mo)Ker t?0
    6urr BblrroflHeHH3 Marepudr'r&,XdpdKrepn3yroulerocflcpeA-
    HHM AHaMerpoM rracruu D sou xoe$SuqueHToN,rero He- EO
    D=0,5cu
    a-----
    I
    oAnopoAHocru
    Hr- {Tno rpaSnry Snr. l8-90. I-lpuerorvr 40
    Din / . - --'x opofl0Inocmn 0ongcmuuotx
    mepu c m uH flpgn Ho p4uc
    3e
    npnHuMaercg, qro B KoHTaKTuofigoHe cBs3Horo rpyHTa H m0eo MOmequano
    0
    nepBoro uroa Qulurpa npn noJro>r(eHuucBq3Horo rpyHTa tz t6 .20
    HaA Kpy[Ho3epHHCTbrMMaTepHaJrOM B TTOABoAHOM COCTOq_
    HHI{ (cv. ,FHr. 18-85,a) Moxer HMerb Mecro orc"[arrBa- a'=lrf
    HHe cBq3Horo rpyHra ua r.ny6uuy D:1,5; 1,0; 0,S ctt, rrpr
    IIOJIOX(EHHH I{PYTIHOSCPHHCTOTO MATCPHAJI A
    @ue. lB-90. I'paflurc dtn
    HA CBq3HOtr{
    rpyure (cu. Qur. 18-85,6) Moxer HMerb Mecro pa3yrrrror- nod6opa Sutttmpa us rcpynHo-
    HeHHe cBfl3Horo rpyHTa rra ry )Ke r.rry6uny D,=-D.* ! ep Huc mblx Jwamep u a no a dtt n
    dpeuaucei B nnomuHax ug
    * BHHH Boareo paspa6oraurpa$ux jr,onycrr.rMbrx
    MaTepHanoB
    xapaxrepucrnK clnsHux ep)/HmorO[o: r|.iry
    nepBoro crofi $u.nnrpa n npr.r He,4onyuieHr.rr.r
    aeSofnaur.ru
    -
    orcrar{BanHc cBs3Hor-o rpyHTa s xoHrax.rHoft soHe.

    JIATEPATYPA

    4-.f p H ur-^lt_H
    -^ryl..M.,
    futporexuuqecrue coopyr{eHus, v. 1, foc_ jlpeHax{norx ycrpoficrB B 3eMnqHbrx nJrorHHax, BHLIH
    crpofir.rs.a,ar,
    1947. 1954 IpoeKTHpo^Ba-HHro
    Bolreo, 11953.
    5. 3aua^pnu E. A., ( p a s l e e n B. 8., ftr.u,pcrexunqecKue 17. n a B Jr o B c xuir H. H., Teopua .[,BH'*eHHsrpy*roBbtx Bo,E noA
    coopyxeHuq. Ce.nlxogrns, 1954. fa r.poTexHHqecKH\{HCOOp!'r{{eHEqr\{I,I H ee OCHOBHbIe npuno}KeHilc, 1922.
    6. HHcrpyxunq no EpoeKrr,rpoBaHuro, Bostse.[eHHrc H arcfiJrvararrHr.{ 18. lI a B rr o B . *. j1I--H-.^^8., lr,r.lpouexanraqecrl.rft pacqer rJrorHH
    HacbrnHHX seMJrsHbrx nJrorl4H BHUI4 Bo,ureo, Crpoftr,rs.uar, 7944.- cHcre\rbr CeHxoaa, OHTtr,I, 1937.
    7. IrIcror\,rHna B. C., enlurpaqnonHbte ai6op"auu" oqrosanr.rfi
    fH,rr,porex_HHqecKHxCOOpyxenuri, c60punx rpynoB 19.flo.ly6apHHo ea-KoqHHa n . f l . , H e x o r o p u e o a l a q Hn J r o _
    BHIAVI Boareo cKofo .aBH)r{eHHf;
    pacr{eroB "Bo- rpyHroBbrx Bo.[,,.nsn,.AxaneNrHr{ HayK cccp, 1g42; Teo-
    IIPgcbr QulrrpaquoHuux rH.zlporexHrrrrecKHx cOOpyx<enu11", pHfl rBlr:ffeHr,rs fpvnToBbrx Bo.4, rav >re, 1952.
    1952.
    8. HcroMnsa^ B. c., o npoerrupoBaH,r.r.u.peHarfiefB i 3ervrJ,rqHbrx 20. Pouasoa A . 8 . , @ u . n s r _ p q [ H q Bo c H o B a H r . ur r J r o r r a H
    rpn Hanu-
    nJIorHHax, xypnarr crpoarellcieo" r{Hu r,peHaxa, c6opuux rp!'.[oB BHI4!4 Bolreo,
    N 1.1946.
    9 . ! 1 c r o M t r n a "ln-{porexnnqecxoe
    B. C., O eul6ope xpynuocru cnoeB Sllnrrpaape_ Hbrx pacqeroB rHrporexHuqecKHr coopyrxeuuft", 19b2. "Bonpoclr Ou.nrrpaqnon_
    t3Tj,ot-l ylrporictn 3eMrrrrHbrx nJrorHH !r3 HecBs3Hbrx rpyHroBr )KVpHaJr 21. TexHuqecK_He^yciroBnrr x Hoprr{br npoeKTupoBaHHq ru.[,porexHr,rqe-
    H.[,po_TexHuqecroecrpoHreJrbcreo" N 8, i9S0. cKr4x coopyTeHnft , Pac.{erbr. Snntrpaquu noa ruaporexsnqecn.rua coopy-
    "l 10.
    K a M e H c r u ir f, H., Ocuoeur .rLHHaM'rK?r no-4geM'btxno.r, focus- :xeHHs\rH, Crpo&r.rs.u.at, 1941.
    aar, M. 1943.
    22' Ty H H npoerrupoBaHnrt rHir,porexHuqecKux coopyxesaft. 3elrrq-
    Hbte HacbtnHbt€ nr'toTuHbt,uTpoHtt3.u,aT,1941.
    23.9yf aeBa E. A., Poll runynr-onux cnatntrx_-ps.rtoB Kar( npo-
    rH_e_oQxatrpaqnouHoro rt{eponpnqrHq, I,IssecrHq BHHl,lf, r. XXXXII.
    1950.
    24. lll a H K H n fl. A., Pacqer $u"'rsrpaquu B seMflrrHbrx fl.riorr{Hax
    Pequarar. 1947.
    ^,
    6Er oFfHb*' o^nl^r:;;:;"^;;u nn0r HHbr
    re-t. KJTACCT4oHKAUH' I ) rrpfiMoJllHer?stre[.rrorHHhr;
    2) Kpi.lBcJ'lHHefiHlien,'rortl,Hbrc Bb'rlyKJr,ocrbloB cropo_
    Eelougnre frJrorlrHb{ }t,oryT 6nnr roraccuQnunpoBaubr no Hy BepxH'efo 6neQa B rleJrflx noryueHHa 60.nsurefi AJrH[rbr
    c l l e 4 y h r u l H M , o c H o B H b rnMp H 3 T r a K a M .
    a) IIo cnoco6y npon7cKa naeodrcooorx aod:

    EnT{.onop'o)KH'eHufiBoAoxpaHnnurrta (Siar. lg--l,e) ;


    4) xoiw6uui.lpoBaHHbre Bo.[ocJrr.rBHbre
    rrJrorngbr c r.ny6nH- II pn u e q aH H e. Apovuue r{ apoqHo-rDaBurarlnonnbre nJrornHr,r
    rrbrMH orBepcrHfi,MH(our. l9-l,d); B CspaBOrIHHKeHe paccMaTplrBaroTcq.
    5_) ecaoc6pocbr c HH3KHMroporoM (6ar. lg-l,e).
    6) IIo oqepratutrc n.noruHbr.B n.aatte: 4) xourp$opcHbre n.rrorr{rrbr(uu. ra. 20).

    6)

    @ue. 19-1. outoonwe munu 1ernonnorxepasumcr4uouuu.rnJLomuH


    TJIABA NEBflTHA,qUATAfl. DETOHHbIE TPABHTAIIHOHHbIE NJIOTHHbI
    53V

    I9-A. | J I Y X H E I - P A B H T A I I H O H H b I EE E , T O H H b I EN J I O T ? I H b I
    ( HA CKAJTbHbTX OCHOBAHHflX)

    I9-2. OTIEPTAHHE
    NJIOTHHbIB IIPOOHJIE uofi) rpaHbro (Qur. l9-2,a), HanpyxeuuofirorrbKo rxA-
    pocrarHqecKgM AaBneHHeM BoAbrBepxHero6ne$a, HMeeM
    .{nfi onp€A,eJreHHfl txHpHHbr tlJrorHHbr b ,nounray clelyrclllylo
    l. OuepraHne npoQn;rl Qopuy.ny:
    Pacqeruurii npo$a.rru FpaBHTau'r{,oHHblX [rJrorr{H cJreAyer b f "'
    n plrH,r{[,1aTb TpeyFo.[ bH L,rM HJr'fi Tp a nellot{.{aJrbHb[M. tsp: \/ (ls-r)
    IL Tr<
    Tp,eyro;rlu uri u pocpu.nI Hatu're)KHr'tl,p r.rHr{M arb : Y
    a) AflH rJryxux tt.irorr.tH -i- npu
    [x - o6terrguft
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    X(e,H14,€i ^ T - o6terassrfi eec Bo,,\brfJ :l rlu7.
    Ocra.nussre o6osHaqeHHfl - no $ur. lg-2,a.
    6) nJrfl Bo,l1ocJrHBnbrx nJrorHH - fipH rr,e3HaquTe;itu'ofi
    TO./'IUIHII0 nepeJIH,BaIOqefOCfi C"'IOH B,O.lbI nO OTHOUI€HHIO Ii . llprE HaJrHqHuB ocHcBaHHI4nJrorHHbr[porHBoAaBJreHHs
    ( s g e e r r r n s a r c u e r o , L r $ u . r r r r p a q r { o r l H O f oA a B d ' I e H H f l - c M .
    BbICOTe II",'I,OTHHbI. r.q. 7), yr{HTbrBaeMoroiro rpeyno,rsuori onrop,e, rrrHp.HHa
    -^TpaneqouAa.nnsuii ilpoQHfib cJr,eryer rrpr{HHr{arr ($nr. nrrorHHbr b nouusy oupelerrflercr (Sxr. l9_2'f)
    l9-1,a,6): no Oop-
    MyJre:
    a) !ilfl rnyxux Hr.r3KoHarropi{brx - npri 3HaqH-
    nJrorr.rH
    T C . T I b H , O M , U . A B J I C H H HJ I b A A ;
    6) ArrI BoAo,cJraBr{brxnJrolr{H - upn 3HaqtirerbHofi ToJ-r-
    b I I
    (re-2)
    illHHe rl'op€JrHBa[Oulefocg cJloq BoAbr [Io orHotueHHlo K h ' b
    Tr - t l
    BINCOTE NJIOTi{HbI,
    I
    fl p u v e q a H H e. f;ryxl.re 6erosnure nJrorr.llrbr qe.lIecoo6pasHtr
    .rBtub nplt 3'daqr.rrcJrbHoirlrx eilco'fe ItJrH ua.nofi rJrHHe (npu naiiHur,ru rAe -.4 - xoaQQuquerrr B3BerxHBaHr.rs (cr"r. r. 7-2,5
    BO.IIOCJIHIIHO&nllo,nuur); ruanorianoluue n,roruHbr raKofo po:ta 6o,'ilueii
    qACTbIOIUEHECSKOHOMHT{HbI. qEM 3CNrJflHbIE.
    rn. 7).
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    nJIorHHbrTaKxe H AaBfleHnn au\a p n npnJrolKeHuofoHa
    orMerKe rpe6ria nJrorHHbr(Srar. l9-2,e\, urHpHHarrJrorr{Hbr
    2. ilpe4napureJrbHoeonpeAeJrerrue
    pasMepoB noHr,r3y o[rp,e;T,g;rfi,ercs
    tto $opvy.ne:
    TIJIOTHHbI

    flpeleapureJrbHbre pa3Mepbr nJroruribr lytoryr 6srrt


    b
    h
    -'Iso:B/
    L ^ [ oP"+w
    (re-3i
    orpeAeJreHblH3 ycJroBtrs npoxoxneHufl paBr{o.{.eficrByiouefi
    B{ex cHrT f( qepeg HH3oByro rorrKy cpeauefi Tperti ocHo- riJ'
    B a H H s r r , r o r u H b r( Q H r . l 9 - 2 ) . 3 r o y c r r o B H er a p a H r u p y e r
    orcylcrBne p acrff rr.lBarorrrux u an,pnxeu il fi (a.na p a cuerHof,o 3Aecs HailopHafl fpafrb nperfTTojraraercfl EeprHKaJrsHoli,
    snyqafl uoplta"ntuofi sKcnryararlut4). Iaq n.lroruHbr rpe- KaR u e o6o14r npe,ruEyqrai cryr{aflx.
    yroJrbHoro oqep,raHHf c BepTHKaJrbHofiBepxoBori (nauop- Pr- AaBJreHaenbAa B T Ha I noe. at AJII4HbI trJIOTHHbI,
    pasMepbr- ts tt.
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    [pHno)KeHa Hr.r)KeorMerxu rpe6Hr, TaK KaK BonoxpaHrrnr.rureeuMoft
    cpa_
    6atuea-e:cr, TaK qro ruHpHHa n,rroruHbr rroHq3y, onperenfleruaa no
    uyae (19-3), norlv.raercs- c ne6onurunu sanacoM. 6bp_

    [pn H3K.r'ioHHofinepxoeofi rpaHa rrJrorTr*br Lr Hararrufi


    nporHBo4aBJreHHfl,yqHTbrBa,eMof,on,o rp'eyro.nnu,cfi gnrope
    (QHl. l9-2,e), urzpuHa rrJroruHhrnoHusy-b onpe.qe.nffercr{
    H3 Qopuy.rru:
    b
    -f,: tg a f t g p - (le-4)
    3(t-,)f e(2-e)-a

    rth
    3.qecu c 1
    (le-5)
    b

    n:tg xo'aQQHTIHeHT
    oTKo,cauepxo,noft(uanopHofi)
    "-
    rpaHu,^ n-pHHirMaeuufto6uqso paBHbrM
    _ 0 , 0 5- : 0 , 1 0 ;
    tg ?:* - K9e$$HrIH,eHr orKo,ca urHsosorirpaHri,
    o6uqso no-nyvaroulnfrcxtlo ,pacqery paB_
    cDue. 192. Cxenw rc npedaapumertbHottyonpedert€HU1s n u u 0 , G- : 0 , 8 [ ( n p e a s a p u r e n b H o ee r o o n p e _
    .u,eneHHe np,oH3BOIIHTCf[Io npus,eAeuuofi
    pasilepog nAomuHw Bbrue Qopnryne (19_4)1.
    PAS4EJ| TpETHn. THEPOTEXHHTIECKHE COOzy)KEHHfl
    538
    t 9 - 3 . O n P E A E J T E H H EB E p T H K A J r b H b r x rflpr nprMoy.roJlbHoM ceqeHHH trrBa AJrfl gJreMeHTa nro-
    HO P M A J Ib H b IX H AT IP fl X EH H H THrrbr.u.rl.rnofiI .u nueer,r:
    B T O P H3O HT A J Ib H b IX PA C q E T H b IX T IIP A X :P / 6e\
    -i- ( le-7)
    NJIOTHH bI "t: (t= ;/ rrt,iuz
    B [pIrBereHHoM HLI.IKS pacqere rlTro r.qe b - rrr4pnga paccMarprrBaeMoro rrrB,a B rr;
    np€,qrnoJlarra'ercfl,
    fpaBLITarIHOHHafl [JrOT[r,Ha no cBoefi BbrcoTe,pa3.[eJreHa
    e-sKcuexlTpHcr{Ter neprruxaaruofi cocraersro[tefi
    ropH3oHTaJrbHbrMH pa,cqerHbrMH (eoo6paxaeMbr:MH) pasHoleficrayrculefi ,Bcex cr.rJr XP, geftcreyroqux
    rrrBa- rpaccMaTpHBa€MOnO
    MH [ra 6lorcu. BbLIle IIIBa, OT.H,OCJ{TeJrbH0
    rlenTpa Trr>Kecrr.rrrrBa (cu.nn - s r; pa3Mepbr-
    ts ,t).
    I. XoR pacqera Ta x<e- SoprrlyJra npidMe,Hsercq H nJrs.,o,npeAeJr,Enufl
    Ha-
    a) VctaHaear{Ba,roTnp€ABapr,rreJrbHbre
    ooHoBHHe pas,Me- nprxeHufi B cKaJre ocHoBaHHs.
    pbr nonepeqHoro npoQu.nr nJrorHHbI B cooTBercrBnlr c fl'oloxenlre paauoleficrnyroqeft Mox(er 6nrs n,oJr)ieHo
    fl. l9-2 Hacroffulefi rnasu.
    HJII,IaHaJII{THIIeCKH
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    Lr
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    Ir MHO,fOyfoJb_
    rIHKa curr (cu. Sr.r,r.l9-17).

    3. Vc.nonnspacrreTa
    flpn pacvere 4oJr)KHnr6srrt BbrnoJrneubrcnef,yrou{He }ic-
    JIOBHff.
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    T. e. paeuo,leficrByrou{afl noJrxrlra iflpioxo.q,t{TbB cpe,qHefi
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    [yaTOM BO.[OxplrHH"rIHIIIe:

    :P ZMO
    '.\r mln -
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    muHe b \ b

    fI p u -v e q a H H e. flpir nycrorr Bo-rloxpaHnJrhrrle 1, Hnsonoft rpagr.r


    B OCHOBaHHT,T [.:tOTtrHbt, pacnoJlor(eHHoft ua cr{aJle, H npu noJIHoM 80.40-
    6l Hz6pannnft npoQunl pasAeJrrror ropr.rsoHraJrbHbrMn Xpruururrr€ Ha HanopHor? rpauu e oeprneft uacrn reila fl.rorHnbr (npu
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    BercrBeHH'o H3"rro,Md,\.t oqepraHlrff np,ooana rI{ [,tgtueHeHLFo rourue Hanpff)fieHufi nopfllKa 1-2 rcejctu2, orHaKo gro noxa He ffg,'rrercs
    xapaKrepa Harp'y3KH ($urr. l9-3). oSutelpuHrrbtNt !r 3,[ecb Ha.ro nporrBrqrb ocropoi(Hocrb.

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    AeficTByroqefi (xpueoft ulan.neuna), a raKx(,e Ma,r{cnMaJrb- pI{aJ'Ie {IJIorr{Hbr u B o,cH,oBaHI{I{He IoJr)KHbI 6utt 6olee
    HbIe n MI'IHHMaJIbHbIe BeprHK2r'IbHbI€!Ie'pM,?JIbHbIeIlanpfl- AOIIMKa'gtrIbIX.T. e.
    x ( e H H f i( o r * u * f f o y * i , r ) .
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    2. Hopnna.rrbHbre KpaeBbre BepTHKaJrbHbIe V


    Hanpfl)r(eHHs
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    ,(.onycxa,e\{bre,Hanpfl)K,eHLIse 6etoHe reJra nJrooHHbr
    IP
    (re-6) AoJrlKHbr Ha3Harrarbcff ts coorB,ercrBnn c |OCT 4286-48
    "y <<Ko:rcrpyKquu 6'eronstr,e H x(eJreso,6ero,Hnbre
    rnAp,orexuu-
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    CyMMa MOMeHTOB RCeX CLIJI BbIIUe lIIBa OTHOCU- nycFiaeMbreHaflpflxeHHq Ha cKany ocHoBaHHffcM. rJr. t.

    . 4. PacqerHblecilyr{au
    a) Clpo,urclnHlrfr neptro,A HJrHcrryqafi ,nycroro BOAOXp'a-
    HJ,IJIHIIA.

    \ 6) fleprro4 uopualsuo,fi srrcflJryara,qfiE, KorAa H,MeeTc9


    He rrrBab). I . uopua.nuusrfi uo4,n'opsufi ropH3orrr B Bep)creM ,6ne$e n
    l lt'r.tilrualruuft ropn3orrT Bo.lbr B HH)rnHeM6le$e.
    TJIABA .4EBflTHANIIATAqT. EETOHHbIE TPABHTAqHOHHbTE ilnoTHHbl
    539
    ts4. OnPEAEJIEHI,IETIABHbIX HAflpflxEHHqI
    HA TPAH'IX NJIOTHHbI
    ( t , - o r )r r .o":rv- (19-13)
    l. Onpe4e.ne*Herop'so'TaJrbHbrx Hop:uafrs'brx B Qoprrny;rax(19-10), (t9_t l), (_lg__12)
    . ,n (t9_13)
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    pacqeTHoF_O
    IUBa. IIoA pacqergrr,rvrfopH_
    iltts on,p,e{efi,eH'rr ura,BTrbrx nanprxeu,zfi ,,,,o rparrflM sorrroM BoAsr B tt; m=tg!; n:tg ai Tx _-o6re1rnurft
    fLrIorHHbr npe.tBaprrreJrbuo g,eo6xoAr.r,tr,r,o
    oilpeAeJrHTb ropH- BeC KJI2 I{KI{ nJroTHHbr Z rf U3.
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    Ha'npgx(eHHrrr . (19-12),u (lg-13) np"'aun"brx rn H ft,ls 14 ,Mox<rro
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    t*, o y H -- ,u 3areM ruraBHbre. Harpqx(e-
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    !\!_-_
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    Ou'pele.neHne ox vr.a Mox{eT 6u6 opa"a"a4*o M€To_ (lg_16).

    2. OnpeAe.rreHHe
    rJraBlrbrxHanpflx(eHufi
    Hau6orruree rJ'raBHoe HopMaJrbHoefiran)prr]r(eHr{epaB'o:
    Gx=cv I _r----=..--_---
    5r : ---------------:= r
    ( o *- 4.r. (19-14)
    " y \ ,+
    ' 2 i
    ;V
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    t:oyffi; (19-10)
    ox-lcv I -...-_
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    oo-:cl,
    2
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    1n'ti (le-l l)
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    6) nepxoeaa rpa,Hb
    I
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    - v J J
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    -6x v
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    (10_t4)
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    Bbrpa)K,eHr,r,s
    AJrfl rJraB-
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    a) HUS,O,eafl
    fpaHb

    ,
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    oi: ^u ( r e -l e )
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    "'r:ru0-1tn)-^{),i72 (re-21)
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    [,
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    cz : (r9-22)
    To ecrr ua sepxoeofi rpanu oArio rr3 uraBHbrx
    Hanpr_
    I xeuufi Bcer.(a paBHo HHTeHCHBHOCTT.T
    rHApocTaTr.rqecKoro
    \aBileHl"ifr 1U1 a rpyroe paBHo BbrpaxeHnro ov (l{nz)_

    llpu npoeKTnpoB?H:nr{.{oJrxHbr 6utt BbI,rIoJ'IHeHbI y,c.tto-


    Que. 1g-4. Br4fl:
    Cxe4w rc onpedeneuuperzasHwx H&npfluce_
    l)
    (inp)._< [o]
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    e-'- naornn
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    B (nueoaar npoquocrr KJTaAKHHa HESOreofi rpaHH nJroTlrHbr
    npil{,rroJrHoM Bof,OxpanU.n,nrqe)
    ;
    PAj,A,EN TPETHN. THAPOTEXHHqECKHE COOPY}NEHTIfl
    540
    - lYnz n' 0 (le-24) crr.rMo y'{HTbriBarbcr-lenneHneB ge6o.nsuoM pa3'Mepe (c-
    Z) 6:1-au (l + n'\ :5-:-20 rlu2, B 3aBII,cHM,ocrt{or Ka,qecrtsa cKaJIbI ocHo-
    (yc.nouue orcyrcrBnfl pacrnnuBalournx xanpaxeunti Ha na,uun).
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    1948 r. yquTblBarb clrenr€t{He KJIaAKH T€JI.a IIJIoTH'IIII co
    3) oi:or(l f n 2 )< [ o l (re-25) cxa.noft ocHoBaHHfl,paccMarpHBag conporHBJIeHHecpe3y
    noAoluBeHHOrO [IrBa nJIOTHHbI, T. e. 3aMeHfifl pacqeT yc-
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    croM Bo.u.oxPaHrt.nurqe) ; cpe3
    - noAoluBeHHoro lllBa nJIoTHHIJ.
    4) o'r:oi1l I n P \> -0 (19-26) Ha ocH,o'Ba,HH,HaHaJIH3a pe3yJlbrarots na6opalopHblx H
    rloJreBblx onbIToB, a raloKe reoperHqecKax coo6paxeuNfi,
    (yc.n,onue or,cyrcrBur'pacrrrtlBaIoIrlHx HarnpqxeltHfi 'Hd
    aBroMarH- B. H. Il{enxan,oB npeAno}(HJI cJIeAyIourHe pacqeluue Sop-
    uHsoeofi rpa,IIH npH fiIycroM BoAoxpaH'HJIuure,
    MVJIbI:
    rr€cKH IIpH
    BbrrIoJIHsIOUleeCfi ]CJITOBIIH 6y )- 0)i a Qoprty-

    JIax (19-25) Lr (19-26) 3uaqenl'ln oy H oy 'lIon)KIIhI (1e-2e)


    6trrs B3flTbr AJrfi CJIyIafl IrycTo,ro Bo.lloxpaH'HJII{Ula.
    IrlsfloxeuHufi Bbrue MeroA pacqera naer B'o3Mo)Kl{ocrb
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    (re-30)
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    cJIeAyeTnpHMeHHTbKaHaJIH3yHanpH)KeHI{o|oco.cmflH|4f' B npuneueHltbIXBbltue Qopt'lylax:
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    B nocJteAHee BpeMfl npoBeAeHbl HCCJre,nO,BOHhf o B.iIItfi- Mfl cp'eaJrefi H uttsosofi To'qeK noAolxBbl

    HHII OClloBaHI'lfl HA pacnpeAeneHue llanprxeuuft B TeJIe 'UIOTH}IbI;

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    . qEK IIONOIUBbI;
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    c yqeToM ToJIbKO C[{JI TpeHHfl c,xa.tuHofi noBepxHocrH c.qoeM pacruopa)
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    ftp 'o'nblroB,6parr paeHofi 9 rcefc*t2 (90 rlnz);
    (c: fr ) /(.oon, (te-27)
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    rae XP-cyIvI,Ma BeprIlKa.IIbHbIx cHJI, leitcreyrcunx Ha TOr{HOCTb Harpy3OK'
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    f - xoerlQl{uHeHr rPeHI{l; BHflX, HeTOqHOCTb Hanpfl)i(e-
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    X Q-cyMMa ropu3oHraJlbublx clla, reficrByloulrx Ha ,HJ.Ifi BBHIy Heco'BeplxeHcrBa pacl{er,Hblx
    I noe. ivt IIJI,oTHHbIB Ti Qop,uy.n), paB'Hbte:k':3 H k":1,3-
    OpuerirnpoBoqHble sHaqeHHfi xoeQQuqueHroB flpu npe.IlnoJlo>reuHH .nuHeftx,o'ctu pacnpeaeJle,HHfl Ha-
    TpeHHfl KJIaAKI4IIJIOTHHbInO CKare ocHoBaHI',Ifl: 'npaxeunft B ocrroBaHHr.rUroTHHbr o,UeHKy.ycmfruunocrU
    Anfl H3Bep)I{eHHbIxnopoA f:0.65:0,7; ^Jrfl nrr,oru,Hbr crIeAy€T lrp,ot3BoArtrb no Qopuy;re (19-29) (no-
    H3BecrHflKoB Ir necqaHuKoB f:0,5
    -:- 0,65; rrg BepKa npor{Hocril{rIIBa B cp'eauefi rouxe), qro paB'Ho,c[nbHo
    noJIycKaJIbHbIxuopoA f:0,3-:- 0.5. pacqeTy no [porrHocrr.I Bcero uIBa.
    flpn ouenxe ycrofiuuBocrH nJrorI{HbI no cpe.uneft Toqre
    2. V.ret cHJI cuenJleHHfl KnaAKI{ TeJIa nJIorHHbI noAorrrBbr (Qoprrayna l9-29) BerHqHHa Kccp: I 6yner
    co cKaJIOfi OCUOBaHHg xaparffepr.r30Barb AocraroqHyro ycrofilunocrr flnoruHbI;
    npra r(""o( I nJIorHHa 6yaer HeAocraroutto ycrofiqueoft Ha
    Vqer c:leTu€flruq KJIa.4KE TeJIa nJIorI'IHbI co cxalofi oc-
    cABr{r H npu K" I u.noruua 6yaer Hl\terb usJtnuHnfi,
    H'oBaHfirr np,u pacqere ycloliunsocru TIJIoTHHbIHa caBHr
    AonycruMo npoH3BoAHTbnuurb B cnyqae n.norsoft H npoq- HeonpaB.aassnfi"p} sanac.
    sofi cxanbr ocHoBaHHg- Pacqer no $oprvryne (19-30), orHocquteftcs K IIoBep-
    Pacq'erHaq Qop,lryaa (19-27\ np'Hunltaer B eroM crly- K'e 'flpotluocrl{ urBa y ocH,oBaHLIsHI,I3oBolirpaun, flBJlflerct
    qae creAyroqnfi BH.q,(pacu'er Ha I noe. u): no,BepoqHbrM.
    HsJoxeHHbIfi BbIffe Mero,A Mox(er 6tttt flpl{MefiIefiIrtpl|
    (c:-^++t v-,r.1on (1e-28) np€ABapHTe,'IbHblx CTa"IHfX npOeKTHrpOBaHHfl.
    flpra @craBneHaH TexHuqecKoro ttpoel(ra H€o6xoAuva
    3,uecr b - :ruupuHa nJIorHHbilno noAotuBe ee B il; nocraHoBKa AoIIonHHT€JIbHbIX llcc.ne4onauuft,yroqHfllouHx
    c - y.[eJrbHoe c[enJIeHHe B rl,tt2: co,nporHBnoHH,e no,IoulBeHHono rxBa cp€3y A.tts yc-noaufi
    K'OH'KpeTHO|O COOpyx(eHHff.
    fp- xoe$suuuenr nponopuHoHaJlbi{ocru,onpe.ueJlse- [&,HHO|O
    uurfi onbrrHbrM nyrelu H paeuufi 0,6+-0,65 A.ns 3. Cayuafi HaKJtoHHoro ocHoBaHHq rlJtoruHbl
    npoqHbrx cKaJrbHlrxnopoA.
    Be.nuqrua yn,enbHoro cIlenneHI{q cyuecrBylouurMlt Tex- (SHr.l9-5)
    IIHqeCKHMH yCJTOBHflMH H H,OpMaMH ,rrpOeKTHpOBaHHq rHA- Koe$QuuHeHT ycrofiqHsocru n,rrorH,HblHa c,4BH'rMoxeT
    poTexHHqecKr.rx coopyxeuufi He HopMHpoBaHaH no.4JIexHT 6uru onpeae.neHno cJleayroueir $oprvry.ne (6es yuera cH'
    Ha ocHoBaHHHpe3ynbTaT0Bo,nbrToBB KoTJIo- JIbt cuenne,Hltfl KJIaAKH Tera [.IIoruHbI co cKaron ocl{oBa'
    onp€.ll.eJleHl,lro
    Barle iurgrulrbr. Als ltper,BapuleJrbubrx uoAcqeroB Aorly- una):
    TNABA,\EBflTHANIIATA'1. EETOHHbIE TPABHTAIIHOHHbIE NJIOTHHbI
    541
    Hbr (nau uenocpencrBeHHooKoJroHero, c BepxoBoficropoun),
    co3Aaroulaff npornnoQnJrbrpauuoHHyro3aBecy H r.rMerouaff
    ocuosnori csoefi lleJrbto yMeHbrueuHe pacxoAoB en.nrrpa-
    uwu H Be.rrHqnHbrnporHBoAaBJreHHflrroA n.norugofi (cr,l.
    Snr. l9-9);
    2) ueMeHTarIHfl6orosas B crBope nJroruHbr rrlur B 6e-
    perax BoAoxpaHHJrr,r_ula, ycrpaHBaeMarr Anc 6opu6u c 6o_
    xosofi- Qlr.rrtrpaqnefi (n o6xol coopyxeHr.rrr HrrH B co-
    ceAnnfi 6acceftH), H,MeroulascBoHM HasHar{eu[eM6opn6y
    c Qu.nmpaunoHHbrMu norepfiMu BoAbr Lrg BoAoxpaHH-
    tPanp nHula;
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    no qacTH nJroulaAH ocHoBaHHfl,npHMeHffe[as, Nrs, co3Aa_
    rrnr ryrruefi cesgu 6eroua co cxa.nofi v EJrfr,yKpenneHurr
    TpeuHHoBaroro uJtr4 HeAocrarorIHo nporlHoro cKaJrbHoro
    OCHOBAHI.Iq.
    L{euenraur{oHHyro Jrr{HHro3aBecbr cJreAyer pacfloJrar.arb
    @uz. I9-5. Cxeuu K nolepKe ycmortuulocftLuepalu-
    Bo3MoxHo 6.tuxe r( HanopHofi rpaHu, TaK KaK gro BeAer
    mauruoHHortnttomuHu Ha cKarlbHo,n zpyHme tta cdaue
    K MAKCHMAJIbHOMY YMEHbUCHHIO sNiOPbI NPOTHBOAABJICHHfi-
    npu HatnoHhort ee nodoutee
    l"'ry6uHa Heo6xoAauoli qelreHrauun rtroxer 6rrrr onpe.
    Gr- nnoruHa; 6 -ctutoeoft vnoroyro.rrbnnK roplrgoHTaJrburrxcua (tQ);
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    /-rPcosp + i xQ sin p pacilpocTpaHeHHflTpeu{uHosaTocTH U Xaparffepa nocJreA-
    Kc: sefi.
    X Q c o sp - X P s i n p
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    _ fEP*lxQtgF __r/ ( l e - 3 )r opHeHTHpoBorrHoMolKeT 6urt npuHflra rropffAr(a (0,4-:-
    xQ - xP tg 'i "' "taon' : 0 , 6 ) H , r . u e H - u a n o p H a II,4OTHHe,OAIIaKO eCTb C*rrV-
    TIAH NPHMCHCHHS IICIUCHTAIIfiI,I rny6uuoft
    3lecr p -y,ro.n Ha:KJroH,ailoAoirrBbr nJror&rnbr K lOpHBtO'HT! , panaofi, H u 60-
    JIEC.
    (,Qun. 19-5).
    OceenAHo, rrro noAcqurasnuft no $oprrry.rre (lg-31) vcronuc Anrr ycneuHofi qeMeHTaqHH. flponurnoBeHne
    KoeSSHqIreur ycrofiqnBocru Ha cABHf 6oullrue, .reM xoe@- qeuenrHofi cycneH3uu B TpeilruHbr HJrH nopbr rpyHTa BoB-
    SzquegT yclofivunocra, onpe.{e.neuuurft Arfl aHaJroft4rrlrbrx Mox(Ho JII{IrIb rrpu onpeAe,'IeHHolu cooTHoueHHH Me}KAy
    pac_qernhrxyc.noaufi no $opray.ne (19-22). MLIHH\{aJIbHbrM pasMepoM Tpeu{us HJrI-rnop fp}rHTa Lr pa3-
    Harutoli'Hoe ocHoBdH,H,elrJlorr4rrrbrqe.necoo6paeno Aenarb MepcM 3epeH ueMe,'{Ta.
    TOIIIbKOB CIyqae CKaJIbI XOpoIIIerO K89€ICTBZ. B 3aBI,rc't{ocrlr or roHKocru norroJra fipl{MeHfleMoro
    flrpu npravreH,egur4Qopuy"rr (19-27)vr (19-Al) ne.irnviury ueMeHTa BO3MO)KHarIeMeHTaur{rrnopoA c pacKpbrTHet{
    ,(onycTHM,ofio r,oo$cpnrlueuta ycroiluli,no,cru K.oon Mox<Ho rpeurlrH'6o;ree 0,15-0,25 nn.
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    ycloftuunocrn AoirI'orrHI{TeJrbH,ocog.4aercfl gaAerKoft nJrorI{- 4ericreureJrbHbrxcxopocrefi noroKa rpyHToBbix BoA B ue-
    sbr ts cKaJry ocr{onar{Hfl, crrenJreHr.re,M
    r.r r. A. flpH npuue- MeHnrlpyelrorl goae j{g np_e_Bocxo,qur
    G00 atlcgucz (TV u H
    HeH,H,H Qoprray.nu(19-28) oreAyer 6parr K. 1,5. Ha qeMeuraur{rc, M3C, I0S+ r.y. flpu 6d.niluux cKop.ocrrrx
    oonl1,3--:- B'O3MO)KHOCTb ilPUMEHCHH#I IICMEHTAIIHI,I VCTAHABJIIZBACTCfl
    ,Ea ocHo'BaHHzorlbrrnblx pa6or.
    19_6. TIPOTHBOOHJIbTPAUHOHHbIE 3ABECbI
    fny6nHa qeMeHTaqnr,rH paccrosHne mexAy cKBaxH-
    B OCHOBAHHH NJIOTHH H B EEPETAX
    .HaMH. IIpu neanaqurennsofi ToJrrqeBoAonpoHr,ruaeMbrx
    ilopoA
    peKor{euAyercs npornno$HJrbrparlnoHHyro3aBecy AoBoAHrb
    1. O6urue BaMeqaHHq
    Ao r(poBJrHBoAoynopHbrx nopoA (c nexoropuu sarJry6rre-
    B 3aBr.rcHMocruor Ha3Haqeuxfl H cnoco6os ycrpoficrna Hr{eM B uux). llpu rny6oxolrl 3aJreraHr{HBoAoyroprrbrx
    nporneoQr,rJrbrpaqHoHHbre 3aBecbr Moryr 6urr pas,ue.rrenn ilOPO.II IIJII4 NPI{ OTCYTCTBI,IH NOJIOXCIIHI,I
    ,IAHHbIX O BO,4O-
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    PA3AEJI
    542_ - TPETIIN. TH,\POTEXHHUECKHE COOPY}I<EHI,Ifl

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