2 P\phcn 2021

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 2 P\phcn ]pkvX-Iw e¡w
2021
hne: ` 20 65 13 FUn-äÀ:
kn.-]n. sskX-ehn

k_v FUntägvkv:
hn.-sI. kptcjv
]n.-Fw. -P-b³
{]q^v:
N{µ³ ]q¡mSv
teþHu«v & IhÀ Unssk³:
sI.-hn. Akvew \Sp-¡c

i-¼-f-¡m-cn- kmdm½
8 A-Sp-¡-f-¡-m-cn-bn-te-¡v
bm-t¡m-_v tXm-a-kv
1943Â ssh¡w apl½Zv _joÀ
FgpXnb "t{]ateJ\'¯n kmdm½
t{]an¡m³ ]pcpjt\mSv i¼fw
tNmZn¡p¶ {it²bamb Imcyap@v.
kv{XoIfpsS Xebn _p²n¡v ]
Icw \nemshfn¨amsW¶v ]dbp¶
Øm]\h¡cWs¯ \thm°m\
hyhlmc§fn Dd¸n¡p¶XnÂ
_jodnsâ BJym\§Ä¡v henb
]¦ps@¶v Dd¸n¡pIbmWv teJI³.
20 P-[n-\]m--X[y-sn-]¯
-Xy-t¯-¡mÄ cm-Pm-
C-ã-s¸-« I-hn 26 tIm-hnUv hm-I-vkn³
C-{X-bpw sX-fn-hp-IÄ
sI.F jm-Pn e-`y-am-Wv
tUm. P-b-Ir-jv-W³. Sn
A-´-cn-¨ I-h-bn-{Xn kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-bp-
tImhnUns\Xnsc hmIvkn³ e`n¡m³
sS cm-{ão-b-s¯ hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I-am-bn t]mIp¶Xnsâ hnizmkyX
]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bm-Wv am-[y-a-
bnepw BËmZ¯nepamWv temIw. Cu
{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-b te-J-I³ ]Ým¯e¯n hmIvkn³ Kth-
jW^e§sf¡pdn¨v \nco£W§Ä
AhXcn¸n¡p¶p.

teJ\w IhnX
40 \- c-Wn-¸p-g jm-\-hm-kv 38 Im- c-tÈ-cn-bpw I-S-eq-cpw 51 ]IÂ F¶v
kn-\n-a-bn-se Po-hn-X-§Ä tZ-th-i³ t]-cqÀ t]cpÅ Hcp _Êv
hn. tam-l-\-Ir-jv-W³ F. sI taml\³
bm{X
52 {Iw- en-\nÂ
a[p-\m-bÀ \yq-tbmÀ¡v

IY ]wàn
68 ]q- ¡m-c³
k-eow sj-co-^v
Zni
7 A- _q-Pp-am³

N{µnI BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v
]n.-_n. \¼À: 64, YMCA tdmUv 0495-þ2766032, 0495þ2765950 chandrikaweeklynew@gmail.com
tImgn-t¡m-Svþ673001 2767040, 2765122

2 P\phcn 2021
3
I¯p-IÄ chandrikaweeklynew@gmail.com

JmZÀ¡ H¸n«
]pkvXIw
HmÀa-bnÂ
]n. kp[m-I-c³
Darbe post, Puttur Dk, karnataka

bp. F JmZÀ ap³]v N{µn-I-bn Fgp-Xn-

bXpw ]pkvX-I-¯n kam-l-cn-¡m-¯-
Xp-amb aq¶v IY-IÄ BgvN-¸-Xn-¸nsâ
]pXnb e¡-¯nÂ(19 Unkw-_À 2020) hmbn-¨p.
CsXm¶pw t\cs¯ hmbn¨ncp¶nÃ. Xrt¡m«qÀ
s]cpa, X«m³ Ct«y¼n, N´bn NqSn hn¡p¶
s]®v FÃmw hmbn¨XmWv. asämcp HmÀa IqSnbp@v.
tImgnt¡mSv ]gb _kvÌm³Un sh¨v A¶v
amhqÀ _ÊpIÄ \n¡p¶Xn\Sps¯ _pIvÌmfnÂ
sh¨v JmZÀ¡m Is¿m¸n«pX¶ "NqSnhn¡p¶
s]®n'sâ ]pkvXIw \ãs¸«Xp BgvN-¸-Xn¸v
hmbn- ¡ p- t ¼mÄ thZ\tbmsS HmÀ¯pt]m- b n.
F{Xtbm hÀj§Ä¡p ap³]mWXv. Rm\¶p amhqÀ
^mÎdnbn Bbncp¶p. N{µnIbpsS JmZÀ¡m]
Xn¸v Hcp]mSp t\mhpIsfbpw kt´mj§sfbpw
HmÀabnte¡v B\-bn-¸n-¡p¶ e¡-ambn. Fgp-¯p-
ImÀ¡pw hmcn-I-bpsS {]hÀ¯-IÀ¡pw A`n-\-µ-\w.

]{Xm-[n-]À, N{µnI BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v,

]n._n.-\-¼Àþ64, ssh.-Fw.kn.F tdmUv,
tImgn-t¡mSvþ673001

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]IrXnhÀW\
IhnXbv¡v tNÀ¶
]WnbÃ
kpPojv
Fw. F³ ImctÈcn ]dbp¶Xp
t]mse, tIhew Bib§
tfm A\p`h§tfm FgpXn
sh¡p¶Xv IhnXbmIWw F¶nÃ. F¶mÂ
At±lw ]dbp¶Xpt]msebpÅ {]IrXn
hÀW\Ifn am{Xw HXp§n kuµcyw krãn
¡p¶Xv C¶s¯ IhnXbv¡v tNÀs¶mcp ]
WnbpaÃ. cmPmhns\bpw {]IrXnsbbpw
Hs¡ kvXpXn¡p¶/hÀWn¡p¶ ]Wn IhnX
C\nbpw XpStc@XnÃtÃm. adn¨v IhnbpsS
`mh\mtijnbv¡v Bib§sfbpw A\p
`h§sfbpw AÊÂ IhnXbnte¡v \bn
¡m³ km[n¡Ww. AÃm¯ Fgp¯pIÄ
\Ã IhnXbmbn A\p`hs¸SmdnÃ.
sI. F. Pbioesâ "Nq@bn Cc XpSn
¡p¶p' F¶ IhnX XpS§p¶Xv C§s\:
Nq@bnÂ
Cc XpSn¡p¶p:
F\n¡p thWw
ao\nsâ acWw
CXnse BZys¯ c@v hcn "Nq@bnÂ/
Cc XpSn¡p¶p' F¶Xv Ihnbv¡p am{XaÃ
\aps¡Ãmw ]cnNnXamb Hcp ImgvNm\
p`hamWv . AX§s\ FgpXnsh¡pI
F¶XpsIm@v \Ã Imhym\p`hw e`n¡Ww
F¶nÃ. ASp¯ hcnbnte¡v hcpt¼mÄ, B
ImgvNbv¡p ta IhnbpsS creative mind ]
WnsbSp¡p¶p. CcbpsS XpSn¸v ao\nsâ
acW¯n\p th@nbpÅXmsW¶p hcp¶p.
tIhew Hcp A\p`hs¯/Imgv N sb
hensbmcp BibtemIt¯¡v Pbioe³
sIm@ph¶ncn¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶pÅ hcnIÄ
C§s\:
thZ\
Ccp Xe aqÀ¨bpÅ I¯nbmWv
AXv D]tbmKn¨pw
Ginbpw thWw
\ap¡v Pohn¡pI.
acWhpw
thZ\bpw
ImcpWyw ImWn¨v
aqSnhbv¡cpXv.
2 P\phcn 2021
ww.facebook.com/Chandrikaweekly
acn¸n¡m\pw
acn¡m\pw ]Tn¡Ww.
Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨v BZys¯ \mephcnbn Cu
IhnX ]qÀWamWv . ]n¶oSpÅ hcnIsfÃmw
hmb\¡mcsâ `mh\mtijnbnÂ/Nn´mtijnbnÂ
kwibapÅ Hcp Ihn FgpXnt¸mIp¶XmWv. {]
tXyIn¨v Ahkm\`mKsams¡. BZys¯ \m
ephcnsb AXmbn¯s¶ \nÀ¯pIbmbncps¶¦nÂ
]n¶oSv Ihn ]¦psh¡p¶ Bib¯nte¡p am{XaÃ,
s]mfnän¡epw ^ntemk^n¡epw Bb At\Iw
hmb\bnte¡pÅ km[yX IqSn D@mIpambncp¶p.
apJya{´n¡v Hcp I¯v
From. Fkv. PbN{µ³\mbÀ
213, {[ph A¸mÀ«vsaâ v
tImSnlÃn sabn³ tdmUv
_mw¥qÀ þ 568008
To. {io. ]nWdmbn hnPb³
apJya{´n, tIcfw
sk{It«dnbäv, Xncph\´]pcw.
_lpam\s¸« apJya{´n¡v,
_meäneqsS IayqWnkw \S¸m¡m³ C.Fw.
FÊpw ]mÀ«nbpw ITn\ambn {ian¡p¶ Ime¯mWv,
A³]¯ntbgn Fsâ ]{X{]hÀ¯\ PohnXw
Bcw`n¨Xv. 2012Â AXhkm\n¸n¡pt¼mÄ A³]
Xn¸cw sImÃ§Ä ]n¶n«ncp¶psh¦nepw k¼mZyw
h«¸qPyambncp¶p. B kmlNcy¯nemWv, ]{X{]
hÀ¯I t£a\n[n s]³j³
F\ns¡mcp klmbIamIpsa¶v
{]Xo£n¨Xv . AXpw Im¯v ,
GXm@v F«psImÃw ]n¶n«p.
CSbv¡psh¨v, apJya{´n
bmbncp¶ D½³Nm@n Fsâ
At]£ NhäpsIm«bn If
ªXmbn Adnªp. At¸mgpw
F\n¡v {]Xo£ \jvSambnÃ.
]nWdmbn apJya{´nbmIp
¶tXmsS s]³j³ A\phZn
¡psa¶v BßmÀ°ambn Rm³
hnizkn¨p. H¶pw kw`hn¨nÃ.
Xm¦fpsS kuP\y¯n\mbn, aXn
C\n Im¯ncn¡p¶nÃ.
kJmth, em kemw.
hnt[b³ (H¸v)
Fkv.PbN{µ³\mbÀ
5
 Zni
A-_q-Pp-am³
C -§-s\-bp@v H-cp I-Y.
H-cp Zn-h-kw ]p-eÀ-s¨ B-{i-a
hm-Xn-en H-cp ap-«p-tI-«p. Im-hÂ-
¡m-c-\m-b kw-\ym-kn ap-«p-tI-«p
hm-Xn Xp-d-¶p. A-t¸mÄ ]-dn-s¨-Sp-¯ H-cp
Ip-e ap-´n-cn-bp-am-bn {Km-ao-W-\m-b IÀ-j-I³
hm-XnÂ-¡Â. A-bmÄ ]-d-ªp: ""C-Xm, Z-b-hm-
bn F-sâ Cu Im-Wn-¡ kzo-I-cn-¨m-epw. C-Xv
A- t §- b v - ¡ p- Å - X m- W v . F- s â tXm- « - ¯ n-
ep@m-b B-Zy-s¯ hn-f.''
""\-µn,'' Im-hÂ-¡m-c³ kw-\ym-kn ]-d-ªp,
""Rm-\n-Xv B-{i-am-[n-]-Xn-bm-b B-Nm-cy-\v
k-½m-\n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. A-t±-lw k-t´m-j-t¯m-
sS C-Xp kzo-I-cn-¡pw.''
""A-Ã... A-Ã..... C-Xv Xm-¦Ä-¡p-Å-Xm-Wv.
Im-c-Ww Xm-¦-fm-Wv Rm³ ap-«p-t¼m-sgm-s¡
Cu hm-Xn Xp-d-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. F-\n-¡v hn-i-¸-
S-¡m³ A-§m-Wv sdm-«n-bpw ho-ªpw X-cm-dp-
6 2 P\phcn 2021
Å-Xv. A-Xn-\m Cu-iz-c Im-cp-Wy-am-bn
F-sâ tXm-«-¯n-ep@m-b Cu Ip-e ap-´n-cn
G-ähpw AÀ-lXs¸«Xv Xm-¦Ä¡m-Wv.'' IÀ-
j-I³ ]-d-ªp.
""i-cn.'' kw-\ym-kn B ap-´n-cn-¡p-e kzo-
I-cn-¨p. {]-`m-Xw ap-gp-h³ A-t±-lw A-Xn-s\
kv-t\-l-]qÀ-hw kv-]À-in-¡p-I-bpw A-Xn-sâ
ku-µ-cyw \p-I-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. B Ip-e-bn-
se ]-gp-¯p Xp-Sp-¯ ap-´n-cn-I-fn A-t±-lw
D-½-sh-¨p. F-¶m kz-bw A-Xp I-gn-¡m³
A-t±-l-¯n-\p tXm-¶n-bn-Ã. t\-sc B-{i-am-
[n-]-Xn-bm-b B-Nm-cy-sâ ap-dn-bn-te-¡v A-t±-
lw \-S-¶p. B ap-´n-cn-¡p-e B-Nm-cy ]m-Z-
§-fn k-aÀ-¸n-¨p A-t±-lw Im-hÂ-Kr-l-
¯n-te-¡v a-S-§n.
B-Nm-cy³ B ap-´n-cn-¡p-e hm-Õ-ey-
]qÀ-hw ssI-I-fn F-Sp-¯p. B-{i-a-¯n-se
tcm-Kn-bm-b A-t´-hm-kn-¡m-Wv A-Xm-h-iy-
 A-h-\-h-sâ \-·
A-h-\-h-s\
tX-Sn-sb-¯p-¶p
am-bn-«p-Å-Xv F-¶v A-t±-lw HmÀ-¯p. A-t±-
l-¯n-sâ A-kp-J-¯n-\v A-sXm-cm-izm-k-am-
hpw. B-Nm-cy³ D-S-s\ B ap-´n-cn-¡p-e
tcm-Kn-bm-b A-t´-hm-kn-¡v F-¯n-¨p-sIm-Sp-
¯p. tcm-Kn-¡v, ]-t£ B ap-´n-cn-¡p-e
A-[n-I t\-cw kz-´w ap-dn-bn sh-¨n-cn-¡m³
tXm-¶n-bn-Ã. A-t±-lw Nn-´n-¨-Xn-§-s\-bm-Wv:
""tcm-Kw _m-[n-¨-t¸m-gpw A-Ãm-¯-t¸m-gpw
F-\n-¡v G-ä-hpw \-Ã B-lm-cw D@m-¡n-¯-
¶- X v B- { i- a - ¯ n- s e ]m- N - I - ¡ m- c - \ m- W v .
A-Xn-\m F-t¶-¡mÄ Cu ap-´n-cn-¡p-Å
AÀ-l-X A-t±-l-¯n-\m-Wv. A-t±-lw C-Xv
C-jv-S-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã.'' tcm-Kn B ap-´n-
cn-¡p-e ]m-N-I-¡m-c-\p sIm@p-t]m-bn-s¡m-
Sp-¯p.
]m-N-I-¡m-c³ ZoÀ-L-t\-cw B ap-´n-cn-¡p-
e-bn-te-¡p X-s¶ t\m-¡n-\n-¶p. ssZ-h-¯n-sâ
A-Ûp-X kr-jv-Sn X-s¶ C-Xv! A-t±-lw A-Ûp-
2 P\phcn 2021
68
Xw Iq-dn. ssZ-h-¯n-sâ Cu h-c-Zm-\w ssZ-h-
¯n-sâ {]-Xn-]p-cp-j-\m-b ]p-tcm-ln-X-\n-cn
-¡-s«. ]m-N-I¡m-c³ ap-´n-cn-¡p-e-bp-am-bn
B-{i-a-¯n-se ]p-tcm-ln-X-s\ k-ao-]n-¨p.
]m-N-I¡m-c-sâ k-½m-\w ]p-tcm-ln-X³ C-cp
I-c-§-fpw \o-«n kzo-I-cn-¨p. B ku-µ-cyw I¬-
IÄ-sIm@m-kz-Zn-¨ ti-jw ]p-tcm-ln-X³ B-{i-
a-¯n-se G-ä-hpw {]m-bw-Ip-d-ª, Xp-S-¡-
¡m-c-\m-b A-t´-hm-kn-sb hn-fn-¨p h-cp-¯n.
""t\m-¡q. ssZ-h-¯n-sâ A-\p-]-a-am-b k-½m-\-
am-Wn-Xv. Cu-iz-c-amÀ-K-¯n kz-bw k-aÀ-¸n-
¨-Xn-\p \n-\-¡p-Å B-Zy-s¯ D-]-lm-cw.''
bp-h kw-\ym-kn B D-]-lm-cw kzo-I-cn-¡p-
I-bpw A-Xv X-\n-¡v B-{i-a ku-`m-Ky-§-fn-te-
¡v B-Zy-am-bn hm-Xn Xp-d-¶p-X-¶ Im-hÂ-
¡m-c-\p \Â-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-h-\-h-sâ
\³-a H-Sp-hn A-h-\-h-\n-te-¡p X-s¶ h-¶p-
tN-cp-¶p.
7
bm-t¡m-_v tXm-a-kv

i-¼-f-¡m-cn-
kmdm½
A-Sp-¡-f-¡-m-cn-bn-te-¡v
k-¼-¯n-sâ ta-J-e-bnÂ-\n-¶v ]p-d-¯m-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-
sS-bm-Wv hn-e-Ip-d-ª, Iq-en-bn-Ãm-¯ A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-
cn-bm-¡n kv-{Xo-sb am-äp-¶-sX-¶v hy-à-am-Ip-¶p.
A-Y-hm _-jo-dn-sâ {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-tem-Iw tI-c-fo-b
\-thm-°m-\-¯n-se ]p-cp-jm-[n-]-Xy aq-ey-§-fnÂ
A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-cn-I-sf kr-ãn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶n-
Xv kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
1943Â ssh¡w apl½Zv _joÀ FgpXnb "t{]ate-
J\'¯n kmdm½ t{]an¡m³ ]pcpjt\mSv i¼fw
tNmZn¡p¶ {it²bamb Imcyap@v. kv{XoIfpsS
Xebn _p²n¡v ]Icw \nemshfn¨amsW¶v
]dbp¶ Øm]\h¡cWs¯ \thm°m\
hyhlmc§fn Dd¸n¡p¶Xn _jodnsâ
BJym\§Ä¡v henb ]¦ps@¶v Øm]n¡pI
bmWv teJI³.

H -cn-¡Â A-[ym-]n-I-bm-bn H-cp \m-bÀ

bp-h-Xn-sb \n-b-an-¨v Nn-¶-½ D-¯-c-
hn-«p. A-¶p ssh-Ip-t¶-cw A-h-cp-sS
`-h-\-¯n t]m-bn A-Ñ-\-½-am-tcm-
Spw H-¶p ]-d-b-Ww F-¶p I-cp-Xn. F-s´-¶mÂ
ho-«p-Im-cp-sS A-bn-¯ a-\-Øn-Xn A-hÀ-¡v
A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm@v.
A-[ym-]n-I-bm-Im³ t]m-Ip-¶ bp-h-Xn-bp-sS
A-½ sh-fn-bn h-¶p. Nn-¶-½ A-h-tcm-Sp ]-d-
ªp, \m-sf -ap-XÂ a-I-sf D-tZym-K-¯n-\-b-¡-
Ww. C-Xp tI-«n-«v \nÀ-¶n-ta-j-bm-bn t\m-¡n-

8 2 P\phcn 2021
2 P\phcn 2021
9
\n-¶ B kv-{Xo D-S-s\ A-I-t¯-¡p t]m-bn.
A-ev-]w I-gn-ªv H-cp s\-Sn-b D-e-¡-bp-am-bn
Xn-cn-sb h-¶p Cu D-e-¡-bp-Å Im-ew F-sâ
a-IÄ-¡v D-tZym-Kw th@. R-§Ä s\-Ãp-Ip-¯n
]n-g-bv-¡pw. C-§-s\ i-Im-c-hpw ]-cn-`-h-hpw hn-
jm-Z-hpw I-eÀ-¶ kz-c-¯n I-bÀ-¯p. Ip-td-
t\-cw sIm-t@ C³-kv-s]-{Î-½-bv-¡v B kv-{Xo-
sb Im-cyw ]-d-ªp a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ I-gn-ªp-
Åp- (_m-e-Ir-jv-W³-\m-bÀ, 1947). C-cp-]-Xmw
\q-äm@n-sâ c@mw Z-i-I-¯n H-cp k-hÀ-W
kv-{Xo-sb kÀ-¡mÀ tPm-en-bn-te-¡p \n-b-an-¨-
Xn-sâ hn-h-c-W-am-Wv C-hn-sS ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv. 1883Â P-\n-¨v A-¡m-e-s¯ Pm-Xn-bm-Nm-c-
_- ² - a m- b n- c p- ¶ Po- h n- X - t ¯m- S p ]- S - s h- « n
B-[p-\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sn 1905 Â Xn-cp-hn-
Xmw-Iq-dn-se kv-IqÄ C³-kv-s]-Î-dm-bn A-¡m-
e-s¯ kmw-kv-Im-cn-I Po-hn-X-¯n i-à-am-b
km-¶n-[y-am-bn-cp-¶ sI. Nn-¶-½-bp-sS Po-hn-X-
¯n-se H-tc-Sm-Wv C-Xv. A-¡m-e-¯v tPm-en-sb-
¶-Xn-s\ k-aq-lw I@n-cp-¶-Xv F-§-s\-bm-bn-
cp-¶p-sh-¶pw hn-in-jym kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v tPm-en
In-«n-bm F-´p-kw-`-hn-¡p-sa-¶pw C-Xv sh-fn-
hm-¡p-¶p.
k-hÀ-W-kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v tPm-en-sbm-¶pw th-
s@¶pw X-d-hm-Sp-sIm@pw A-Sp-¡-f-sIm@pw
10
A-hÀ Po-hn-¡p-sa-¶p-am-bn-cp-¶p A-¶-s¯ s]
m-Xp-t_m-[w. tPm-en-sN-¿p-¶-hÀ tam-i-¡m-cn-I-
fm-sW-¶pw A-¡m-e-¯v [m-c-W-I-fp@m-bn-cp-
¶-Xm-bn ]-e kw-`-h-§-fpw kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p@v.
D-tZym-K-hpw kv-{Xo-bpw
sIm-tfm-Wn-b kzm-[o-\-¯n-em-Wv B-[p-
\n-I co-Xn-bn-ep-Å D-tZym-K-`-c-W-{I-aw tI-c-f-
¯n Øm-]n-X-am-Ip-¶-Xpw i-¼-fw ]-W-am-bn
\-ev-Ip-¶ co-Xn-IÄ h-¶-Xpw. _mÀ-«À k-{¼-Zm-
b-¯n Po-hn-¨v km-[-\-§-fpw tk-h-\-§-fpw
]-c-kv-]-cw sh-¨p-am-dn-b a-e-bm-fn-IÄ sIm-tfm-
Wn-bÂ
C-S-s]-S-en-eq-sS I-¨-h-S-¯n-eq-sS \m-W-b
k-¼-Zv-hy-h-Ø-bn-te-¡p h-¶-tXm-sS-bm-Wv
tI-c-f-¯n hym-]-I-am-bn ^m-Î-dn-
I-fpw tXm-«-§-fpw B-cw-`n-¨-tXm-sS
Iq-en ]-W-am-bn \-ev-Ip-¶-Xpw hym-
]-I-am-Ip-¶p. A-§-s\ Pm-Xn-bp-sS
Ip-e-s¯m-gn-ep-IÄ tNm-Zyw sN-¿-s¸-
Sp-I-bpw G-Xp tPm-en-bpw BÀ-¡pw
sN-¿m³ I-gn-bp-sa-¶ \n-e h-cn-I-
bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-tXm-sS kÀ-¡mÀ
D-tZym-K-§-fpw a-äpw B-IÀ-j-Wo-b-
am-hp-I-bpw A-Xn-\p-th@n-bp-Å
hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-\m-bn kv-Iq-fp-IÄ
hym-]-I-am-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. tPm-en
sN-bv-Xv Ip-Spw-_w ]p-e
À-t¯@Xn-sâ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw
A-§-s\ ]p-cp-j-sâ Np-a-X-e-bm-bn
hy-h-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. kÀ-¡mÀ tPm-
en-IÄ A-t¸m-gpw \-ev-In-bn-cp-¶-Xv
Pm-Xn-]-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. k-hÀ-WÀ \-Ã
i-¼-f-ap-Å D-tZym-K-§-sf-Ãmw I-¿-S-
¡p-I-bpw Io-gm-fÀ ]p-d-¯p-
\nÀ-¯-s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-Xn-s\-
Xn-tc-bm-Wv Cu-g-h sa-t½m-dn-b-epw
]n-¶o-Sv \n-hÀ-¯-\-k-a-c-hpw Xn-cp-hn-
Xmw-Iq-dn \-S-¶-Xv.
i-¼-f-hpw tPm-en-bpw {]-[m-\-s¸-« H-¶m-bn am-
dp-¶-Xv.
tI-c-f-¯n hym-]-I-am-bn ^m-Î-dn-I-fpw
tXm-«-§-fpw B-cw-`n-¨-tXm-sS Iq-en ]-W-am-bn
\-ev-Ip-¶-Xpw hym-]-I-am-Ip-¶p. A-§-s\ Pm-
Xn-bp-sS Ip-e-s¯m-gn-ep-IÄ tNm-Zyw sN-¿-s¸-
Sp-I-bpw G-Xp tPm-en-bpw BÀ-¡pw sN-¿m³
I-gn-bp-sa-¶ \n-e h-cn-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-tXm-
sS kÀ-¡mÀ D-tZym-K-§-fpw a-äpw B-IÀ-j-Wo-
b-am-hp-I-bpw A-Xn-\p-th@n-bp-Å hn-Zym-`ym-
k-¯n-\m-bn kv-Iq-fp-IÄ hym-]-I-am-hp-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. tPm-en sN-bv-Xv Ip-Spw-_w ]p-e
2 P\phcn 2021
2 P\phcn 2021
11
hc: Sn.]n {io-[c³

À-t¯@Xn-sâ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw A-§-s\ ]p-
cp-j-sâ Np-a-X-e-bm-bn hy-h-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
kÀ-¡mÀ tPm-en-IÄ A-t¸m-gpw \-ev-In-bn-cp-¶-
Xv Pm-Xn-]-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. k-hÀ-WÀ \-Ã i-¼-f-
ap-Å D-tZym-K-§-sf-Ãmw I-¿-S-¡p-I-bpw Io-gm-fÀ
]p-d-¯p-\nÀ-¯-s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-Xn-s\-
Xn-tc-bm-Wv Cu-g-h sa-t½m-dn-b-epw ]n-¶o-Sv
\n-hÀ-¯-\-k-a-c-hpw Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn \-S-¶-
Xv.
Cu D-tZym-K-k-a-cw \-S-¡p-¶n-Xn-\n-S-bn-em-Wv
kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS D-tZym-K-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å NÀ-¨-I-
fpw \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. A-]qÀ-h-am-bn k-hÀ-W-kv-{Xo-
IÄ Nn-e D-tZym-K-§-fn-te-¡p h-¶-tXm-sS kv-
{Xo-IÄ-¡v ho-Sm-Wv ssP-hn-I-am-bn kp-c-£n-X
C-S-sa-¶pw ]p-cp-j-\pw kv-{Xo-bpw D-tZym-K-¯n-\p
t]m-bm ho-«n-se Im-cy-§Ä X-I-cm-dn-em-Ip-
sa-¶pw ]p-d-¯n-d-§n ]-e-Xpw sN-t¿@p-¶
D-tZym-K-§Ä kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡p ]-äp-¶-X-sÃ-¶
hm-Z-hp-am-bn ]p-cp-j-·mÀ cw-K-¯p-h-cm³ Xp-S-
12
hc: Sn.]n {io-[c³
§n. ]p-cp-j-·mÀ-¡pw ho-Sp t\m-¡m-sa-¶pw
A-Xv kv-{Xo-bp-sS am-{Xw D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-a-sÃ-¶pw
]-d-ªv kv-{Xo _p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ Xn-cn-¨-Sn-¨pw
Cu hm-Z-§Ä A-¡m-e-s¯ km-aq-ln-Im-´-co-
£-¯n \n-d-ªp. kv-{Xo ]p-cp-j-·mÀ ssP-
hn-I-am-bn-¯-s¶ hn-`n-¶ Kp-W-§-fp-Å-h-cm-
sW-¶pw A-hÀ-¡v hy-Xy-kv-X [À-a-§-fm-
Wp-Å-sX-¶p-am-bn-cp-¶p s]m-Xp-th A-¡m-
e-s¯ \-thm-°m-\-{]-Øm-\-§Ä hy-h-l-cn-
¨n-cp-¶X- v. ]p-cp-j·
- m-sc-t¸m-se A-[zm-\n-¨n-cp-¶
Io-gm-f kv-{Xo-I-fm-I-s« Cu hn-`-P-\-bp-àn-IÄ-
¡p ]p-d-¯m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n-epw C-cp-]-Xmw \q-äm-
t@m- s S C- ¯ - c w B- i - b - § Ä A- h - c p- s S
{]-Øm-\-§-fpw kzmw-io-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn Im-
Wmw. C-Xn-\n-S-bn tI-c-f-¯n-se {In-kv-Xy³
kv-{Xo-IÄ t\-gv-knw-Kv ta-J-e-bn-te-s¡m-s¡
hym-]-I-am-bn I-S-¶p-t]m-Ip-I-bpw ]p-Xn-b sXm-
gn-en-S-§Ä Xp-d-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p. Cu B-i-
b-kw-LÀ-jw ]n-¶o-Spw Xp-S-cp-I-bpw 1970I-fn-
2 P\phcn 2021
epw kv-{Xo-IÄ D-tZym-K-¯n-te-¡p h-cp-¶-Xv
A-am-\y-X-bm-bn Im-Wp-¶ B-`n-Pm-Xy-¯n-sâ
A-´-co-£w \n-e-\n-ev-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p@v.
\-thm-°m-\ Im-e-s¯ km-ln-Xy Ir-Xn-I-
sfm-s¡ Cu D-tZym-K-{]-iv-\w hy-à-am-bn A-h-
X-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw i-¼-f-¡m-cn-I-tf-¡mÄ Iq-Sp-
XÂ A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-cn-bm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv \-Ã-sX-¶v
]-d-ªp-d-¸n-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p. C-hn-sS-bm-Wv,
1943Â _-joÀ F-gp-Xn-b "t{]-a-te-J-\w' F-¶
t\m-h-en-se km-dm-½ F-¶ I-Ym-]m-{Xw t{]-
an-¡m³ H-cp ]p-cp-j-t\m-Sv i-¼-fw tNm-Zn-¡p-
¶-Xv {i-t²-b-am-Ip-¶-Xv.
t{]-a-te-J-\-¯n-se B-[p-\n-I-X
_-jo-dn-sâ t{]-a-te-J-\w t\m-h-en-se hn-
j-bw km-dm-½-bpw tI-i-h³-\m-b-cpw X-½n-
ep-Å a-Xm-Xo-X {]-W-bw am-{X-a-Ã A-Xn-ep-]-
cn A-¡m-e-¯v tI-c-f-¯n-se km-aq-ln-I-X-bnÂ
cq-]-s¸-« kv-{Xo-{]-iv-\-s¯-¡q-Sn Ir-Xy-am-bn
A-S-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p@v. F-s´m-s¡-bm-Wv
C-¡-Y-bn-se B-[p-\n-I-X-sb-¶ hn-i-I-e-\w
{]-[m-\-am-Wv. tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ B-[p-\n-I hn-
Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sn
_m-¦n tPm-en-sN-¿p-¶ B-fm-sW-¶-Xm-Wv
C-Xn-se {]-[m-\-s¸-« B-[p-\n-I-X. hn-Zym-`ym-
k-¯n-eq-sS A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨v tPm-en In-«p-I,
i-¼-fw hm-§p-I, A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨v Po-hn-¡p-I
Xp-S-§n-b-h-bm-Wv tI-c-fo-b B-[p-\n-I-X-bn-se
{]-[m-\-s¸-« am-äw. Pm-Xn-hy-h-Ø \n-Ý-bn-¨
^yq-U B-[p-\n-I-X-bn tPm-en-sb-¶-Xv
Pm-Xn \n-Ý-bn-¨ Ip-e-s¯m-gn-em-Wv.
Ip-e-s¯m-gn d-±m-¡n th-sd sXm-gn-en-\p
t]m-Im-t\m X-sâ A-[zm-\-¯n-\-\p-k-cn-¨p-Å
Iq-en hm-§m-t\m I-gn-bn-Ã. B-[p-\n-I-am-b
^m-Î-dn-I-fpw _m-¦p-I-fpw a-äp Øm-]-\-§-fpw
h-¶-t¸mÄ Pm-Xn-s¯m-gn-ep-IÄ d-±m-¡-s¸-Sp-
I-bpw C-hn-S-§-fn-se sXm-gn-en-\p h-en-b
{]m-[m-\yw h-cn-I-bpw
hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sn Cu sXm-gn-ep-I-fn-te-¡v
B-fp-IÄ h-cn-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-§-s\-bm-Wv
tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ _m-¦n-se D-tZym-K-Ø-\m-hp-
¶-Xpw km-dm-½-bp-sS A-Ñ-sâ hm-S-I ap-dn-bnÂ
Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶-Xpw km-dm-½-sb {]-W-bn-¡p-¶-
Xpw. Cu B-[p-\n-I-X-bn-em-Wv hy-àn-IÄ
cq-]w-sIm-Åp-¶-Xpw
hy-àn-IÄ B-{K-ln-¨v {]-W-bn-¨v hn-hm-lw-
sN-bv-Xp I-gn-bp-¶ A-Wp-Ip-Spw-_w D@m-Ip-
¶-Xpw. B-[p-\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw-, i-¼-f-ap-Å
tPm-en,- {]-W-b-ap-Å hn-hm-lw F-¶ {Xn-Xz-
s¯-bm-Wv B-[p-\n-I-X ap-t¶m-«p-sh-¨-Xpw
tI-c-f \-thm-°m-\-{]-Øm-\-§-fp-sS A-Sn-
Øm-\ B-i-b-am-b-Xpw A-¡m-e-s¯ km-ln-
Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ {]-ta-b-am-¡n-b-Xpw.
^yq-UÂ co-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-¨v tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ
t]m-tI@Xv X-sâ Ip-e-s¯m-gn-ep-I-fn-sem-¶n-
te-¡m-Wv. tI-h-ew X-d-hm-«n-se h-kv-Xp-h-l-
IÄ t\m-¡p-I-tbm ssk-\n-I-¸-Wn-t]m-ep-Å
F-s´-¦n-epw tPm-en-I-tfm B-Wv ]m-c-¼-cy-am-
bn-«v \m-bÀ-¡p-Å-Xv. F-¶m B-[p-\n-I hn-
2 P\phcn 2021
Zym-`ym-kw h-¶-tXm-sS, \m-W-b k-¼-Zv-hy-h-Ø
hn-I-kn-¨-tXm-sS ]m-c-¼-cy-s¯m-gn-ep-sIm@v
B-[p-\n-I-X-bn a-cp-a-¡-¯m-b-hpw X-d-hm-Spw-
sIm@v Po-hn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-I-bn-sÃ-¶p-Å Xn-
cn-¨-dn-hp h-¶-t¸m-gm-Wv tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ-amÀ
]p-Xn-b sXm-gn-en-te-¡p t]m-b-Xv. B sXm-gn-
en-epw i-¼-fw Ip-d-hm-sW-¶ hn-em-]w D@m-
b-t¸mÄ sa-¨-s¸-« i-¼-fw In-«p-¶ sXm-gn-ep-
I-fn-te-¡v, {]-hm-k-¯n-eq-sS-bp-Å sXm-gn-ep-I
-fn-te-¡v A-h-cp-sS I-s®-¯p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
tI-c-f-¯n sXm-gn-ep-IÄ Im-cy-am-bn C-sÃ-
¶p I@t¸mÄ knw-K-¸q-cn-se-bpw a-äpw tXm-«-
§- f n- t e- ¡ v ]- s ¯m- ¼ - X mw \q- ä m@p- I -
fnÂ-¯-s¶ an-j-\-dn-amÀ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sf A-b-
¨n-cp-¶p. A-§-s\ t]m-b-h-cn Nn-eÀ h-en-b
_-jo-dn-sâ t{]-a-te-J-\w t\m-h-
en-se hn-j-bw km-dm-½-bpw tI-i-
h³-\m-b-cpw X-½n-ep-Å a-Xm-Xo-X
{]-W-bw am-{X-a-Ã A-Xn-ep-]-cn
A-¡m-e-¯v tI-c-f-¯n-se km-aq-
ln-I-X-bn cq-]-s¸-« kv-{Xo-{]-iv-\-
s¯-¡q-Sn Ir-Xy-am-bn A-S-bm-f-s¸-
Sp-¯p-¶p@v. F-s´m-s¡-bm-Wv
C-¡-Y-bn-se B-[p-\n-I-X-sb-¶ hn-
i-I-e-\w {]-[m-\-am-Wv. tI-i-h³-\m-
bÀ B-[p-\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sn
_m-¦n tPm-en-sN-¿p-¶ B-fm-
sW-¶-Xm-Wv C-Xn-se {]-[m-\-s¸-«
B-[p-\n-I-X. hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-eq-sS
A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨v tPm-en In-«p-I,
i-¼-fw hm-§p-I, A-Xn-\-\p-k-
cn-¨v Po-hn-¡p-I Xp-S-§n-b-h-bm-
Wv tI-c-fo-b B-[p-\n-I-X-bn-se
{]-[m-\-s¸-« am-äw. Pm-Xn-hy-h-Ø
\n-Ý-bn-¨ ^yq-UÂ B-[p-\n-I-X-
bn tPm-en-sb-¶-Xv Pm-Xn \n-Ý-
bn-¨ Ip-e-s¯m-gn-em-Wv.
k-¼-¶-cm-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-hn-sS \n-c-h-[n
Øm-]-\-§Ä Xp-S-§n sXm-gnÂ-Zm-Xm-¡-fm-b
I-Y-IÄ N-cn-{X-¯n-ep@v. A-§-s\ tI-i-h³-
\m-bÀ hn-tZ-i-s¯ sXm-gn-en-te-¡v t]m-Ip-¶n-
S-¯m-Wv km-dm-½ X-sâ {]-W-bw {]-Jym-
]n-¡p-¶-Xpw Iq-sS-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xpw. X-d-hm-«n-se
Im-c-W-h-·mÀ \n-Ý-bn-¨n-cp-¶ kw-_-Ô-¯n-sâ
bp-àn-I-sf X-In-Sw-a-dn-¨v hn-hm-ln-X-cm-Ip-¶
hy-àn-IÄ ]-c-kv-]-c-an-ã-s¸-Sp-I-bpw {]-W-bw
]-d-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xv hn-hm-lw sN-¿p-¶ co-Xn
hym-]n-¨-Xv \-thm-°m-\-{]-Øm-\-§-fp-sS C-S-
s]-S-en-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Hm-tcm Pm-Xn-¡pw ]-e-Xm-
bn-cp-¶ hn-hm-l-co-Xn-IÄ G-Io-I-cn-¨-Xpw Ip-
«n-¡m-e-s¯ hn-hm-l-§-sfm-s¡ d-±m-¡n-b-Xpw
C-§-s\-bm-Wv. Pm-Xn-am-dn hn-hm-lw sN-¿m-
13

\p-Å B-lzm-\-§-fpw hym-]-I-am-bn.
D-tZym-Kw sR-fn-bm-\p-Å
A-[n-Im-c-am-Wv
F-Ãm-h-cpw ]p-Xn-b sXm-gn Øm-]-\-§-fn-
te-¡pw i-¼-fw hm-§Â kz-]v-\-§-fn-te-¡pw
t]m-b-t¸mÄ A-sX-Ãmw ]p-cp-j-sâ A-h-Im-i-
am-bn-«m-Wv hym-Jym-\n-¨-sX-¶p ap-I-fnÂ-¸-d-
ªp. D-tZym-Kw t\m-¡n i-¼-fw hm-§n Ip-Spw-
_w t\m-t¡@Xv ]p-cp-j-sâ -`m-c-am-¡p-I-bpw
kv-{Xo-bm-I-s« ho-«n-se ]m-N-I-hpw a-äp-am-bn
I-gn-b-W-sa-¶p hy-h-l-cn-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
F-¶m X-§Ä-¡pw tPm-en th-W-sa-¶p kv-
{Xo-IÄ ]-d-bp-¶, B-i-b-kw-LÀ-jw \-S-¡p-¶
Im-e-¯m-Wv _-jo-dn-sâ F-gp-¯p-IÄ kw-`-hn-
¡p-¶-sX-¶v Cu t\m-h A-Sn-h-c-bn-Sp-¶p.
X-sâ km-¼-¯n-I Np-äp-]m-Sp-IÄ h-f-sc {]-iv-
\-¯n-em-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv km-dm-½ tPm-en A-t\
z-jn-¡p-¶-Xv. [m-cm-fw I-Sw A-hÀ-¡p@v. A-h-
fp-sS A-½-¨n a-cn-¨p-t]m-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
A-Xn-\m-e-hÄ-¡p _n.F ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡m-\pw
B-bn-Ã. A-h-f-Xn Zpx-Jn-X-bp-am-Wv. _n.F
F-¶-Xv 1930I-fn G-ä-hpw D-bÀ-¶ hn-Zym-`ym-
k-am-bn-cp-¶p. _n.F ]m-km-bm-ep-S-s\ k-hÀ-W
]p-cp-j-\v tPm-en D-d-¸m-bn-cp-¶p. kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡m-
I-s« tIm-f-Pn-sem-s¡ ]Tn-¡m-\pw C-ã-hn-j-bw
14
B-[p-\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw-, i-¼-f-
ap-Å tPm-en,- {]-W-b-ap-Å hn-
hm-lw F-¶ {Xn-Xz-s¯-bm-Wv
B-[p-\n-I-X ap-t¶m-«p-sh-¨-Xpw
tI-c-f \-thm-°m-\-{]-Øm-\-§-
fp-sS A-Sn-Øm-\ B-i-b-am-b-Xpw
A-¡m-e-s¯ km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-IÄ
{]-ta-b-am-¡n-b-Xpw.
^yq-UÂ co-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-¨v tI-i-
h³-\m-bÀ t]m-tI@Xv X-sâ
Ip-e-s¯m-gn-ep-I-fn-sem-¶n-te-
¡m-Wv. tI-h-ew X-d-hm-«n-se h-kv-
Xp-h-l-IÄ t\m-¡p-I-tbm ssk-
\n-I-¸-Wn-t]m-ep-Å F-s´-¦n-epw
tPm-en-I-tfm B-Wv ]m-c-¼-cy-am-bn-«v
\m-bÀ-¡p-Å-Xv. F-¶m B-[p-
\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw h-¶-tXm-sS,
\m-W-b k-¼-Zv-hy-h-Ø hn-I-kn-¨-
tXm-sS ]m-c-¼-cy-s¯m-gn-ep-sIm@v
B-[p-\n-I-X-bn a-cp-a-¡-¯m-b-
hpw X-d-hm-Spw-sIm@v Po-hn-¡m³
I-gn-bp-I-bn-sÃ-¶p-Å Xn-cn-¨-dn-hp
h-¶-t¸m-gm-Wv tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ-amÀ
]p-Xn-b sXm-gn-en-te-¡p t]m-b-Xv.
2 P\phcn 2021
F-Sp-¡m-\pw X-S-Ê-§Ä \n-c-h-[n-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
A-hÄ sN-bv-X hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n-\-\p-k-cn-s¨m-cp
tPm-en-bm-Wv A-hÄ {]-Xo-£n-¡p-¶-Xv, A-Xn-
sâ t]-cn A-hÄ \n-c-´-cw tI-i-h³-\m-b-sc
_p-²n-ap-«n-¡p-¶p@v.
\n-c-´-cw km-dm-½-bp-sS A-t\z-j-Ww h-¶-
t¸mÄ tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ Nn-´n-¡p-¶-Xv C-§-
s\-bm-Wv, s]-®p-§Ä-¡v B-Wp-§-sf kv-t\-
ln- ¡ p- I F- ¶ - Ã m- s X ]n- s ¶ F- s ´m- c p
tPm-en-bm-Wv? kv-t\-ln-¡p-hm-\pw kv-t\-ln-¡-
s¸-Sp-hm-\m-bn-«p-am-Wv kv-{Xo-I-sf Cu-iz-c³
kr-ãn-¨-Xv. A-Ãm-sX D-tZym-K-Ø-I-fm-bn sR-
fn-ªp Np-½m \-S-¡m-\-Ã-tÃm...F-¦n-epw tI-
i-h³-\m-bÀ Km-V-am-bn Nn-´n-¨n-s«-¶ am-Xn-cn
]-d-ªp. - "{i-an-¡mw' (_-joÀ, 1999: 91). \-thm-
°m-\-Im-e-s¯ kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS D-tZym-Kw kw-
_-Ôn-¨p-Å F-Ãm hy-h-lm-c-§-fpw C-hn-sS
tI-i-h³ \m-b-cn {]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶p@v. kv-
{Xo-IÄ-¡v D-tZym-Kw B-h-iy-ap-Å-X-sÃ-¶pw
ho-«n-en-cn-t¡@h-cm-sW-¶pw D-tZym-Kw sR-fn-
bm-\p-Å-Xm-sW-¶v A-t±-lw Nn-´n-¡p-¶-XnÂ-
\n-¶pw hy-à-am-Ip-¶p.
kv-{Xo-bpw ]p-cp-j-\pw `n-¶-§-fm-b c@p
kz-Xz-§-fm-sW-¶m-Wv tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ Nn-´n-
¡p-¶-sX-¶v B-Zyw ap-X-te Im-Wmw. kv-{Xo-
IÄ-¡p X-e-t¨m-dn-sÃ-¶pw A-h-cp-sS X-e-bnÂ
\n-em-sh-fn-¨-am-sW-¶pw tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ ]-d-
bp-¶ kw-`-hw C-Xv kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p@v. X-e-
t¨m-dv Nn-´-bp-sS-bpw _u-²n-I {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-
fp-sS-bpw A-S-bm-f-am-Wv. tem-I-¯n-se an-¡
kw-kv-Im-c-§-fn-epw kv-{Xo-¡v _p-²n-]-c-am-b
{]-{In-b-IÄ-¡p ti-jn-bn-sÃ-¶pw A-hÀ-¡v
`m-h-\-bn-em-Wv ti-jn-sb-¶pw hy-h-l-cn-¡p-
¶p@v. A-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv kv-{Xo-sb ]p-cp-jm-
[n-]-Xyw A-Sn-¨-aÀ-¯n-b-sX-¶pw hn-i-Zo-I-cn-
¡p- ¶ p. a- e - b m- f - ¯ n- s e s]¬- _ p- ² n ]
n³-_p-²n-sb-¶ sNm-Ãv C-Xm-Wv kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-
¶-Xv. kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS X-e-bn \n-em-sh-fn-¨-am-
sW-¶ _-jo-dn-sâ Ir-Xn-I-fn ]-e-bn-S-¯p
h-cp-¶ ]-d-¨n-ep-IÄ Cu km-l-N-cy-¯nÂ
k-hn-ti-jw {i-²n-t¡@Xm-Wv. kv-{Xo-sb-bpw
]p-cp-j-s\-bpw hn-cp-² Zz-µz-§-fm-bn k-aq-lw
hn-`-Pn-¨-Xv _p-²n-bn-Ãm-bv-a-bpw Im-bn-I-ti-jn-
bpw Ip-d-hm-sW-¶ hy-h-lm-c-¯n-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
A-§-s\ kv-{Xo-bp-sS C-Sw ho-Sm-sW-¶pw ]
p-cp-j-sâ tem-Iw hn-im-e-am-b ]p-d-am-sW-¶pw
Øm-]n-s¨-Sp-¯p. Cu Øm-]-\-h-ev-I-c-W-am-Wv
\-thm-°m-\ hy-h-lm-c-§-fn D-d-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-
¶-sX-¶p Im-Wmw. _-jo-dn-sâ B-Jym-\-§Ä-
¡v C-Xn \-à ]-¦p-ap@v.
{]-W-bn-¡p-¶-Xv i-¼-f-ap-Å
tPm-en-bm-Wv
kv-{Xo-bp-sS X-e-bn \n-em-sh-fn-¨-am-sW-
¶p ]-d-bp-¶p-sh-¦n-epw km-dm-½ \-Ã _p-²n-
a-Xn-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv kw-`-h-§Ä ]-d-bp-
¶-Xv. tPm-en A-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-bn I-cp-Xp-¶
A-hÄ A-Xn-sâ t]-cn tI-i-h³-\m-b-sc
2 P\phcn 2021
\n-c-´-cw i-ey-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. tI-i-h³ \m-b-cp-
sS _m-¦n tPm-en In-«p-tam F-¶ A-t\z-jW - w
h-sc A-hÄ \-S-¯p-¶p. H-Sp-hn A-hÄ-¡p
]-än-b tPm-en-bp-s@¶p tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ ]-d-bp-
¶p. B tPm-en X-s¶ {]-W-bn-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xm-
sW-¶pw A-bmÄ ]-d-bp-¶p. tPm-en tI-«-t¸mÄ
B-Zyw sR-«n-b km-dm-½ ]n-¶o-Sp tNm-Zn-¡p-
¶-Xv tPm-en X-c-t¡-Sn-Ã i-¼-fw F-´p \n-Ý-
bn-¨p F-¶p-am-Wv. (A-tX Ir-Xn, 97). km-dm-½-
bp-sS Cu tNm-Zyw A-bmÄ {]-Xo-£n-¨n-cp-
¶n-sÃ-¶p Xp-SÀ-¶p-Å {]-Xn-I-c-Ww hy-à-am-
¡p-¶p.
A-§-s\-b-bmÄ i-¼-fw \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶p,
C-cp-]-Xp cq-]. B Xp-I tI-«-t¸mÄ km-dm-½
]-d-ª-Xv h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-sW-¶m-Wv. F-¶mÂ
tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ Iq-«n-¯-cm³ \nÀ-hm-l-an-sÃ-
tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ hn-tZ-i-s¯ sXm-
gn-en-te-¡v t]m-Ip-¶n-S-¯m-Wv
km-dm-½ X-sâ {]-W-bw {]-Jym-
]n-¡p-¶-Xpw Iq-sS-t¸m-Ip-¶-
Xpw. X-d-hm-«n-se Im-c-W-h-·mÀ
\n-Ý-bn-¨n-cp-¶ kw-_-Ô-¯n-sâ
bp-àn-I-sf X-In-Sw-a-dn-¨v hn-hm-
ln-X-cm-Ip-¶ hy-àn-IÄ ]-c-kv-
]-c-an-ã-s¸-Sp-I-bpw {]-W-bw
]-d-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xv hn-hm-lw
sN-¿p-¶ co-Xn hym-]n-¨-Xv \-thm-
°m-\-{]-Øm-\-§-fp-sS C-S-s]-S-
en-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Hm-tcm Pm-Xn-¡pw
]-e-Xm-bn-cp-¶ hn-hm-l-co-Xn-IÄ
G-Io-I-cn-¨-Xpw Ip-«n-¡m-e-s¯
hn-hm-l-§-sfm-s¡ d-±m-¡n-b-Xpw
C-§-s\-bm-Wv. Pm-Xn-am-dn hn-hm-
lw sN-¿m-\p-Å B-lzm-\-§-fpw
hym-]-I-am-bn.
¶pw X-sâ i-¼-fw X-s¶ Ip-d-hm-sW-¶pw
]-d-bp-¶p. A-hn-sS km-dm-½ sXm-gn-en-se
A-[zm-\-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v Nn-e Im-cy-§Ä ]-d-bp-
¶-Xv {i-t²-b-am-Wv. tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ-¡v 24
a-Wn-¡q-dn 9 a-Wn-¡q-dm-Wv tPm-en-sb-¶pw
X-\n-¡v 24 a-Wn-¡q-dpw tI-i-h³ \m-b-sc HmÀ-
t¡@p-¶ tPm-en-bm-sW-¶p-am-Wv ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.
A-Xm-b-Xv an-¨-aq-ey-¯n-sâ {]-iv-\-am-Wv C-hn-
sS kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, sN-¿p-¶ tPm-en-¡m-\p-]
m-Xn-I-am-bn Iq-en In-«p-¶n-sÃ-¶ {]-iv-\w. H-Sp-
hn A-bm-fp-sS hm-Z-§Ä-¡v A-hÄ h-g-§p-
¶p.
kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS X-e-bn \n-em-sh-fn-¨-am-
sW-¶ tI-i-h³-\m-b-cp-sS Nn-´-I-sf A-«n-a-
dn-¡p-I-bm-Wv km-dm-½-bp-sS \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ.
15
kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v tPm-en th-W-sa-¶pw A-Xn-\p
hn-Zym-`ym-kw th-W-sa-¶pw A-hÄ-¡p-d-¸p@v.
A-Xn hn-«p-ho-gv-N ]m-Sn-sÃ-¶pw A-hÄ {]-
Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. sN-¿p-¶ tPm-en-¡v Ir-Xy-am-bn
i-¼-fw th-W-sa-¶pw A-hÄ ]-d-bp-¶p. F-s´-
¦n-epw Xp-I Iq-en-bm-bn In-«p-I-b-Ã Im-cyw
a-dn-¨v \-Ã Xp-I-X-s¶ i-¼-f-am-bn In-«-W-sa-¶
hm-in-bpw A-hÄ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Hm-^o-kp-
tPm-en-I-fpw a-äpw Im-cy-am-bn hn-I-kn-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯
1940 I-fn-se A-h-Ø-bn C-¯-c-sam-cp Nn-´
16
km-dm-½ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv {]-[m-\-am-Wv. tI-c-
f- ¯ n an- ¡ - b n- S - ¯ pw A- ¡ m- e - ¯ p-
t]m-epw _mÀ-«À hy-h-Ø-bpw P-·n-Xz-hpw \n-e-
\n-ev-¡p-¶ Im-e-¯m-Wv i-¼-f-¯n-\p th@n
H- c p kv - { Xo hm- i n- ] n- S n- ¨ - s X- ¶ p- Å - X m- W v
{]-[m-\-s¸-« kw-`-h-am-bn am-dp-¶-Xv. A-Xm-Wv
km-dm-½-bp-sS X-e-bn \n-em-sh-fn-¨-a-sÃ-¶pw
_p-²n-IqÀ-a-X-bp-Å B-fm-sW-¶pw D-d-¸n-¡p-
¶-Xv.
A-¡m-e-s¯ i-¼-f-¡-W-¡p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-
hc: Sn.]n {io-[c³
2 P\phcn 2021
¡p-¶-Xv G-Xm@v 150 cq-]-sb-¦n-ep-ap-Å tPm-
en In-«n-sb-¦n-te H-cp-hn-[w \-¶m-bn Po-hn-¡m³
I-gn-bq F-¶m-Wv. I-hn N-§-¼p-g X-sâ Po-hn-
X-Im-e-¯v G-sd {i-an-¨-Xv \-sÃm-cp tPm-en-¡m-
bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶p-Å-Xv {]-kn-²-am-Wv. A-Xn-\m-bn
Kp-cp-\m-Y-\m-b tKm-Z-hÀ-½-bv-s¡-gp-Xn-b I-¯v
{]-kn-²-hp-am-W-tÃm.
A-t±-l-¯n-\v ap-¸-Xp-cq-]m i-¼-f-¯n Kp-
a-kv-X-\m-bn tPm-en-In-«n Po-hn-¡m³ Xm-Xv-]-cy-
an-sÃ-¶pw \-Ã i-¼-fw In-«p-¶ A-[ym-]-\w-
t]m-ep-Å tPm-en-bm-Wv th@sX-¶pw A-t±-
lw I-¯n ]-d-bp-¶p. k-hÀ-W-cm-b B-fp-IÄ
an-I-¨ i-¼-fw In-«p-¶ tPm-en-IÄ-¡m-bn sN-
dn-b tPm-en-IÄ \n-tj-[n-¡p-¶-Xv
A-¡m-e-s¯ _p-²n-Po-hn-I-fp-sS N-cn-{X-
¯nÂ-¡m-Wmw. A-tX-k-a-bw Io-gm-fÀ-¡v sN-
dn-b D-tZym-K-tPm-en-I-fpw Pm-Xn-bm \n-tj-[n-
¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. i-¼-fw Ip-d-hm-b A-[ym-]-\-
tPm-en I-f-ªn-«v h-¡oÂ-¸-Wn-¡v ]-e-cpw t]
m-b-Xv D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. A-¡m-e-s¯ tI-c-fo-
bÀ s]m-Xp-hn-e-\p-`-hn-¨n-cp-¶
km-¼-¯n-I-{]-bm-kw a-dn-I-S-¡m³ A-`y-kv-
X-hn-Zy-cm-b BÄ-¡mÀ Iq-Sp-XÂ i-¼-f-ap-Å
tPm-en-¡p In-W-ªp {i-an-¨n-cp-¶p. kÀ-¡mÀ
tPm- e n- b nÂ- X - s ¶ D- b À- ¶ tPm- e n- ¡ m- W v
]-e-cpw Xm-Xv-]-cyw Im-Wn-¨-Xv. 1895 se \m-bÀ
sa-t½m-dn-b 250 te-sd cq-]-bp-Å i-¼-fw
In-«p-¶-Xn-\p-Å \m-b-·m-cp-sS kw-L-Sn-X {i-a-
am-bn-cp-s¶-¶p N-cn-{X-¯n-ep@v. tPm-en-bpw
i-¼-f-hpw \-Ã \n-e-bnÂ
Po-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-am-sW-¶ t_m-[-am-Wv
C-sX-Ãmw cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv. B t_m-[y-§-
fp-sS {]-I-S-\-am-Wv km-dm-½-bn Im-Wp-¶-Xv.
C-tX Nn-´ tI-i-h³ \m-b-cn-epw Im-Wp-¶p@v.
A-Xp-sIm@m-Wv X-sâ tPm-en-¡p i-¼-fw Ip-
d-hm-sW-¶-bmÄ I-cp-Xp-¶-Xpw. D-bÀ-¶ tPm-
en-¡p {i-an-¡p-¶-Xpw H-Sp-hn A-Xv kw-`-hn-
¡p- ¶ - X pw. sN- d p- ¸ - ¡ m- s c- Ã mw D- b À- ¶
tPm-en-bpw i-¼-f-hpw
kz-]v-\w-Im-Wp-¶ Im-e-¯m-Wv km-dm-½
F-¶ s]-®pw \-Ã tPm-en-bpw i-¼-f-hpw tX-
Sp-¶-sX-¶ hm-b-\ t{]-a-te-J-\-¯n-sâ C-Xp-
h-sc-bp-Å ]mT-§-sf tNm-Zyw-sN-¿p-¶p@v.
]p-cp-j-sâ {]-hm-kw
tI-i-h³-\m-b-sc t{]-an-¡p-¶ tPm-en-bm-
sW-¦n-epw H-cn-¡Â-t¸m-epw t{]-a-¯n-sâ H-cp
e-£-W-hpw A-hÄ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã. F-¶-Ã
i-¼-fw Ir-Xy-am-bn hm-§p-¶p-ap@v. tI-i-h³-
\m-b-cp-sS t{]-aw, k-Ãm-]w, Npw-_-\w Xp-S-§n-b
B-{K-l-§Ä-s¡m-¶pw A-hÄ h-gn-s¸-Sp-I-tbm
Xm-Xv-]-cyw Im-Wn-¡p-I-tbm sN-¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-
bpw A-bm-fp-sS Nm-]-ey-§-sf H-gn-hm-¡p-I-bpw
sN-¿p-¶p. A-Xn-\m tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ am-\-
kn-I-am-bn _p-²n-ap-«p-¶p@v. km-dm-½ X-s¶
{]-W-bn-¡p-¶ Im-cy-¯n XoÀ-¨-bn-Ãm-sX
A-bmÄ Ip-g-§p-¶p. Cu Ip-g-¡-¯n-\p Im-c-
Ww k-aq-l-¯n-se enw-K-]-Z-ho-]-c-am-b hy-Xym-
2 P\phcn 2021
k-am-sW-¶m-Wv t\m-h ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. B-Wn-\v
enw-K-]-c-hpw ssew-Kn-I-hp-am-b Xm-Xv-]-cy-§Ä
Iq-Sp-X-em-sW-¶pw kv-{Xo-¡-Xv C-sÃ-¶p-ap-Å
Nn-´-bm-Wv C-Xn-\p Im-c-W-am-bn ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.
]p-cp-j-\m-b-Xn-\m tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ-¡v km-
dm-½-sb I-t@m@n-cn-¡m-\pw Npw-_n-¡m-\pw
B-{K-l-ap-s@¶pw kv-{Xo-bm-b-Xn-\m km-
dm-½ hm-¡n-tem {]-hr-¯n-bn-tem H-¶n-\pw
]n-Sn-sIm-Sp-¯n-cp-¶n-sÃ-¶pw t\m-h ]-d-bp-¶p
(A-tX-Ir-Xn, 105). B-Wpw s]-®pw hy-Xy-kv-
X-am-b am-\-kn-I im-co-cn-I kz-`m-h-ap-Å-h-cm-
kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS X-e-bn \n-em-sh-fn-
¨-am-sW-¶ tI-i-h³-\m-b-cp-sS
Nn-´-I-sf A-«n-a-dn-¡p-I-bm-Wv km-
dm-½-bp-sS \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ. kv-{Xo-IÄ-
¡v tPm-en th-W-sa-¶pw A-Xn-\p
hn-Zym-`ym-kw th-W-sa-¶pw A-hÄ-
¡p-d-¸p@v. A-Xn hn-«p-ho-gv-N
]m-Sn-sÃ-¶pw A-hÄ {]-Jym-
]n-¡p-¶p. sN-¿p-¶ tPm-en-¡v Ir-Xy-
am-bn i-¼-fw th-W-sa-¶pw A-hÄ
]-d-bp-¶p. F-s´-¦n-epw Xp-I Iq-en-
bm-bn In-«p-I-b-Ã Im-cyw a-dn-¨v \-Ã
Xp-I-X-s¶ i-¼-f-am-bn In-«-W-sa-¶
hm-in-bpw A-hÄ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Hm-^o-kp-tPm-en-I-fpw a-äpw Im-cy-am-
bn hn-I-kn-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯ 1940 I-fn-se
A-h-Ø-bn C-¯-c-sam-cp Nn-´
km-dm-½ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv {]-[m-\-
am-Wv. tI-c-f-¯n an-¡-bn-S-¯pw
A-¡m-e-¯p-t]m-epw _mÀ-«À hy-h-
Ø-bpw P-·n-Xz-hpw \n-e-\n-ev-¡p-¶
Im-e-¯m-Wv i-¼-f-¯n-\p th@n
H-cp kv-{Xo hm-in-]n-Sn-¨-sX-¶p-Å-Xm-
Wv {]-[m-\-s¸-« kw-`-h-am-bn am-dp-¶-
Xv. A-Xm-Wv km-dm-½-bp-sS X-e-bnÂ
\n-em-sh-fn-¨-a-sÃ-¶pw _p-²n-Iq
À-a-X-bp-Å B-fm-sW-¶pw
D-d-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
sW-¶pw C-sX-Ãmw {]-Ir-Xn-Z-¯-am-sW-¶p-ap-Å
hm-Z-¯n-em-Wv C-§-s\ B-Jym-\w cq-]-s¸-Sp-
¶-sX-¶p hy-àw. hn-cp-²-kz-Xz-§-fm-sW-¶v
Øm-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv k-aq-l-¯nÂ
A-hÀ-¡v hn-cp-² Np-a-X-e-I-fm-Wp-Å-sX-¶v D-d-
¸n-¡p-¶-Xpw ]p-cp-jm-[n-]-Xy-s¯ km-[y-am-¡p-
¶-Xpw. km-ln-Xyw C-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å hy-h-lm-
c-§-sf \n-c-´-cw km-[q-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-sW-¶v
kv-{Xo-]-£ ]T-\-§Ä hy-à-am-¡p-¶p-ap@v.
17
 X-sâ tPm-en tam-i-am-sW-¶pw i-¼-fw Ip-d-
hm-sW-¶p-ap-Å Nn-´ tI-i-h³-\m-b-sc `-cn-¨n-
cp-¶-Xn-\m A-bmÄ a-säm-cp tPm-en-¡p {i-an-
¡p- I - b pw hn- t Z- i - ¯ v tPm- e n In- « p- I - b pw
_m-¦n-se tPm-en cm-Pn-h-bv-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p.
A-bmÄ t]m-Ip-¶ k-a-bw km-dm-½-bpw A-bm-
tfm-sSm-¸w t]m-Im³ X-bm-dm-Ip-¶p. hn-tZ-i-s¯
sXm-gn-ep-I-fn-te-¡v a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS {i-² h-cp-
¶-Xpw B-[p-\n-I-X-bn-em-sW-¶p Im-Wmw. an-
j-\-dn-amÀ 1830 I-fnÂ-X-s¶ knw-K-¸q-cn-se-bpw
a-äpw tXm-«-§-fn-eq-sS tPm-en km-[y-X-I-fn-te-¡v
a-Xw-am-dn {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fm-b-h-sc sIm@p-t]
m-Ip-¶p@v. A-§-s\ t]m-b-h-cn Nn-eÀ h³-
tXm-Xn k-¼-¶-cm-b N-cn-{Xw \n-c-h-[n B-Jym-
\-§-fn Im-Wmw.
k-¼-¯p@m-¡p-I-sb-¶ e-£yw, am-\y-am-b
Po-hn-X-¯n-\v Pm-Xn-bpw B-`n-Pm-Xy-hp-a-Ã Im-
cy-sa-¶pw k-¼-¯m-sW-¶pw a-\p-jyÀ Xn-cn-¨-
dn-bp-¶ N-cn-{X-k-µÀ-`-am-Wv B-[p-\n-I-X-bp-
tS-sX-¶v C-h ]-d-bp-¶p. A-§-s\ I-S-ep- I-S-
¶m {`-ãm-hp-sa-¶ ]m-c-¼-cy-s¯ tNm-Zyw-sN-
bv-Xv BÄ-¡mÀ A-ta-cn-¡-bv-¡pw e@\nepw
t]m-bn ]Tn-¡p-I-bpw tPm-en sN-¿p-I-bpw sN-
¿p-¶p. A-Xn-eq-sS In-«n-b tem-I-]-cn-N-b-hpw
sh-¨v A-hÀ tI-c-f-¯n-se Pm-Xn-]m-c-¼-cy-§-
sf-bpw cm-Pm-¡-·m-sc-bpw tNm-Zyw sN-¿p-I-
bp@m-bn. Cu {]-hm-k-am-Wv t_mw-s_ t]m-
ep-Å kw-Øm-\-§-fn-te-¡v Ip-Sn-tb-dp-¶
{]-h-W-X-bm-bn am-dp-¶-Xpw ]n-¶o-Sv F-gp-]-Xp-
I-fn KÄ-^v {]-hm-k-am-bn hn-I-kn-¨-Xpw. 1940
I-fnÂ-X-s¶ tI-c-f-¯n-se H-cp ]-¦v BÄ-¡mÀ
t_mw-s_-bn-em-Wv tPm-en A-t\z-jn-¨p Xm-a-
kn-¨n-cp-¶-sX-¶v C. Fw.F-kv ]-d-bp-¶p@v.
H-t¶-ImÂ-t¡m-Sn a-e-bm-fn-I-fn A-¼-Xn-\m-
bn-cw t]À {]-hm-k-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p F-¶m-Wv
A-¡m-e-s¯ I-W-¡v. tI-c-f-¯n-se \-thm-°m-
\-¯n-se {]-[m-\-s¸-« {]-{In-b-X-s¶ Cu {]-hm-
k-¯n-sâ-Xm-sW-¶v C-Xv kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p. ssh-
tem-¸n-f-fn-bp-sS B-kmw-]-Wn-¡mÀ F-¶ I-hn-X
B-km-an-te-¡p t]m-b sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ a-e-¼-
\n-Im-c-Ww Xn-cn-¨p-h-¶-Xn-sâ B-Jym-\-am-Wv.
a-e-bm-fn]p-Xn-b sXm-gn-en-S-§Ä A-t\z-jn-¨p
k-©-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ Iq-Sn N-cn-{X-am-Wv B-[p-
\n-I-Xbp-sS-bpw A-¡m-e-s¯ km-ln-Xy-¯n-
sâ-bpw N-cn-{Xw. Cu {]-hm-k-¯n a-e-bm-fn
]p-cp-j-\m-Wv tI-{µ-¯n h-¶-Xv. ho-Sv kv-{Xo-
bp-sS
D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-b-Xn-\m ho-Sp-t\m-¡m-\p-Å
km-¼-¯n-Iw t\m-¡n ]p-cp-j³ ]p-d-¯p ]-Wn-
¡p t]m-bn. Cu N-cn-{X-¯n-sâ Xp-SÀ-¨-bn-em-Wv
F-gp-]-Xp-I-fn KÄ-^v {]-hm-kw kw-`-hn-¨-Xv.
A-hn-sS-bpw ]p-cp-j³ tPm-en-tX-Sn t]m-b-t¸mÄ
kv-{Xo KÄ-^p-Im-c-sâ `m-cy-sb-¶ ]-Z-hn-bp-am-bn
\m-«n-se ho-«n-en-cp-¶p.
KÄ-^p-Im-cn-bp-sS `À-¯m-sh-¶ hy-h-lm-cw
C-Xp-h-sc a-e-bm-f-¯n D@m-bn-«n-sÃ-¶-Xv
{]-hm-k-¯n-se enw-K-]-Z-hn-sb A-S-bm-f-s¸-Sp-
¯p-¶p. C-§-s\ t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ ho-Sp-t\m-¡m-
\p-Å tPm-en-`m-cw \-thm-°m-\m-\-´-c km-aq-
18
ln-I Np-äp-]m-Sp-IÄ B-Wn-sâ ta sI-«n-h-bv-
¡p-I-bpw A-sXm-s¡ B-W-¯-¯n-sâ an-Sp-
¡m-¡n am-äp-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-Xm-bn-¡m-Wmw.
Cu \-thm-°m-\ B-W-¯-¯n-sâ `m-c-hp-
am-bn-«m-Wv tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ hn-tZ-i-t¯-¡p
t]m-Ip-¶-Xv. hn-tZ-i-¯p t]m-Ip-¶-Xn-\m-bn
tPm-en cm-Pn-sh-¨p t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ Iq-sS km-dm-
½-bpw t]m-Ip-¶n-S-¯v s{S-bn-\nÂ-sh-¨v Nm-b-
Ip-Sn-bpw a-äpw kw-`-hn-¡p-¶p. A-h-cp-sS hn-cp-²
Xm-Xv-]-cy-§Ä A-hn-sS Nm-b-bpw Im-¸n-bp-am-bn
G-äp-ap-«p-I-bpw c@p-t]-cpw A-h-c-hÀ-¡n-ã-ap-
Å-Xv I-gn-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p. B bm-{X-bn-em-
Wv I-Y-bp-sS ]-cn-Wm-a-Kp-]v-Xn-bpw tI-i-h³-
\m-b-cp-sS Ip-Spw-_-¹m³ {]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-I-bpw
sN-¿p-¶-Xv. A-\y-a-X-Ø-bm-b km-dm-½-bv-¡v
F-Ãm kzm-X-{´y-hpw hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-¿p-¶ tI-
i-h³-\m-bÀ bm-{X-bv-¡n-S-bn A-h-sb aq-¶m-
bn Xn-cn-¡p-¶p@v. B-lm-cw, h-kv-{Xw, hn-izm-
tI-i-h³-\m-b-sc t{]-an-¡p-¶
tPm-en-bm-sW-¦n-epw H-cn-¡Â-t¸m-
epw t{]-a-¯n-sâ H-cp e-£-W-hpw
A-hÄ {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã. F-¶-Ã
i-¼-fw Ir-Xy-am-bn hm-§p-¶p-ap@v.
tI-i-h³-\m-b-cp-sS t{]-aw, k-Ãm-
]w, Npw-_-\w Xp-S-§n-b B-{K-l-
§Ä-s¡m-¶pw A-hÄ h-gn-s¸-Sp-I-
tbm Xm-Xv-]-cyw Im-Wn-¡p-I-tbm
sN-¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bpw A-bm-fp-sS
Nm-]-ey-§-sf H-gn-hm-¡p-I-bpw sN-
¿p-¶p. A-Xn-\m tI-i-h³ \m-bÀ
am-\-kn-I-am-bn _p-²n-ap-«p-¶p@v.
km-dm-½ X-s¶ {]-W-bn-¡p-¶ Im-cy-
¯n XoÀ-¨-bn-Ãm-sX A-bmÄ Ip-g-
§p-¶p. Cu Ip-g-¡-¯n-\p Im-c-Ww
k-aq-l-¯n-se enw-K-]-Z-ho-]-c-am-b
hy-Xym-k-am-sW-¶m-Wv t\m-hÂ
]-d-bp-¶-Xv.
kw F-¶n-h-bm-W-Xv (_-joÀ,1999:118).
\n-\-¡p aq-¶p-Im-cy-¯n ]qÀ-W kzm-X-
{´y-ap@m-bn-cn-¡pw. sh-dpw Nn-Wp-§m@n aq-¶p
Im-cy-¯n-tem?
A- t X B- l m- c w, h- k v - { Xw, hn- i zm- k w.
A-t¸mÄ \-½p-sS ho-«n c@Sp-¡-f D@m-bn-
cn-¡p-tam?
H-scm-ä \p-Wp-§v A-Sp-¡-f-bn c@p-X-cw
B-lm-cw Rm³ ]m-Iw-sN-¿-Ww? H-scm-ä-¯-cw
B-cp-sS C-ã-a-\p-k-cn-¨v?
F-sâ A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-cn-bp-sS.
tPm-en-t\-Sm³ tam-ln-¨v Po-hn-¡p-¶ km-dm-
½-sb tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ A-bm-fp-sS A-Sp-¡-f-
¡m-cn-bm-¡n {]-Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. km-dm-½ C-hn-sS
H-sc-XnÀ-¸pw {]-I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã-Xm-\pw. ho-«-½-
2 P\phcn 2021
bv-¡p i-¼-f-an-sÃ-¶p
am-{X-a-Ã A-\n-hm-cy-am-bn F-Ãm Zn-h-k-hpw
sN-t¿@p-¶ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-bn A-Sn-t¨-ev-
]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. A-Xv ssP-hn-I-am-b _m-[y-X-
bm-bn D-d-¸n-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv {]-W-b-hpw hn-
hm-l-hpw sN-¿p-¶-Xv.
\-thm-°m-\ A-Wp-Ip-Spw-_w A-Xv Øm-]-
\-h-ev-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶p. tPm-en-¡m-cn-
bnÂ-\n-¶v A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-cn-bn-te-¡p-Å am-ä-¯n-
te-¡m-Wv kv-{Xo-sb \-thm-°m-\w £-Wn-¨-
sX-¦n tPm-en-¡m-c-\m-bn I-cn-bÀ cq-]-s¸-Sp-
¯p-I-sb-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p ]p-cp-j-sâ D-¯-c-hm-
Zn-Xz-am-bn `-c-ta-ev-]n-¨-Xv. tPm-en-¡m-c-\m-b
`À-¯m-hn-sâ I-cn-b-dn-s\ hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-¶
t{]m-Õm-l-I-bm-bn km-dm-½-amÀ A-Sp-¡-f-bnÂ
]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶p. C-hn-sS a-säm-¶pw t\m-hÂ
]-d-bp-¶p@v, km-dm-½ t{]-an-¨ Im-e-¯v Xm³
hm-§n-b C-cp-]-Xp cq-] i-¼-fw H-cp cq-]
t]m-epw sN-e-h-gn-¡m-sX tI-i-h³-\m-b-sc
Xn-cn-t¨Â-¸n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xm-W-Xv.
A-XnÂ-\n-¶v A-bmÄ-¡v hm-¨pw am-e-bpw
hm-§n-¡m-\pw ]-d-bp-¶p@v. Xm³ \-ev-In-b
i-¼-fw Xn-cn-sI In-«n-b-Xn tI-i-h³-\m-bÀ
k-t´m-j-hm-\m-bn F-¶p t\m-h ]-d-bp-¶p.
]-W-¯n-sâ hn-\n-tbm-K-hpw kq-£n-¸pw kv-{Xo-
¡p ]-än-sÃ-¶ G-sd B-hÀ-¯n-¡-s¸-« [m-c-
W-IÄ C-hn-sS ho@pw
B-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv kv-{Xo-¡v
D-tZym-K-hpw A-Xn-sâ A-[n-Im-c-hpw ]-än-sÃ-¶p
k-aÀ-Yn-¡p-¶-Xv. k-¼-¯n-sâ ta-J-e-bnÂ-\n-¶v
]p-d-¯m-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv hn-e-Ip-d-ª, Iq-
en-bn-Ãm-¯ A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-cn-bm-¡n kv-{Xo-sb
am-äp-¶-sX-¶v hy-à-am-Ip-¶p. A-Y-hm _-jo-
dn-sâ {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-tem-Iw tI-c-fo-b \-thm-
°m-\-¯n-se ]p-cp-jm-[n-]-Xy aq-ey-§-fnÂ
2 P\phcn 2021
A-Sp-¡f-- -¡m-cn-I-sf kr-ãn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-
¶n-Xv kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
i-¼-f-¡m-cn-I-fnÂ-\n-¶pw A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-cn-I-
sf kr-ãn-¡m-\p-Å \-thm-°m-\-¯n-sâ ]-²-Xn-
bn \n-¶m-Wv ]n-ev-¡m-e-s¯ Ip-Spw-_, km-
aq- l n- I - L - S - \ - I Ä i- à n- s ¸- « - X v . D- ¶ - X
hn-Zym-`ym-k-ap-Å kv-{Xo-I-sf ho-«n-en-cp-¯n ]
p-cp-j-s\ D-tZym-Kw t\m-¡m-\-b-¡p-¶-Xv C-¶pw
am-\y-am-bn I-cp-Xp-¶ A-´-co-£w tI-c-f-¯n-
ep-s@¶v kv-{Xo-bp-sS sXm-gn ]-¦m-fn-¯
I-W-¡p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Pm-Xn-bpw enw-K-
hpw Iq-Sn-¡p-g-bp-¶ C-¯-cw k-¦oÀ-W-X-I-fnÂ
B-`n-Pm-Xy-¯n-\-¸p-d-¯v ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶ Io-
gm-f-kv-{Xo-h-ev-I-c-Ww \-S-¯p-¶-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv
\-thm-°m-\ sXm-gn k-¦-ev-]-§-fn-se enw-K-
t`-Z-s¯ ap-dn-¨p-I-S-¶p-t]m-Ip-hm-\pw Ip-Spw-
_-s¯ \-ho-I-cn-¡m-\pw km-[n-¡p-I-bp-Åq.
{]-W-bn-¡m³ i-¼-fw tNm-Zn-¨-hÄ i-¼-f-hpw
aq-ey-hp-an-Ãm-¯ A-Sp-¡-f-¡m-cn-I-fm-bn am-dm-
Xn-cn-¡m³ C-¯-c-¯n-sem-cp A-«n-a-dn kw-`-
hn-t¡@Xp@v.
{K-Ù-kq-Nn
C.Fw.F-kv 1946 H-t¶-ImÂ-t¡m-Sn a-e-bm-
fn-IÄ
tZ-hn-I 2014 I-ev-]-\-bp-sS am-säm-en, im-kv-
{X km-ln-Xy ]-cn-j-¯v
_-joÀ 1999 _-joÀ k-¼qÀ-W Ir-Xn-IÄ,
Un-kn _p-Iv-kv, tIm-«-bw.
_m-e-Ir-jv-W³ \m-bÀ F³. 1947 sI. Nn-
¶-½, {io-hn-em-kw _p-¡v Un-t¸m, Xn-cp-h-\-´-
]p-cw.
tdm-_n³ sP-{^n 2005 \m-bÀ ta-[m-hn-Xz-¯n-
sâ ]-X-\w, Un.kn _p-Iv-kv, tIm-«-bw
19
sI.F jm-Pn

P-\m-[n-]-Xy-t¯-¡mÄ
cm-Pm-[n-]-Xy-s¯
C-ã-s¸-« I-hn
A-´-cn-¨ I-h-bn-{Xn kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-bp-
sS cm-{ão-b-s¯ hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I-am-bn
]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bm-Wv am-[y-a-
{]-hÀ-¯-I-\m-b te-J-I³

Po -h³ Sn.hn-bp-sS B-cw-`-Im-e-¯m-

bn-cp-¶p F-¶m-tWmÀ-a Xn-cp-hn-
Xmw-IqÀ cm-P Ip-Spw-_-¯n-se
B k-a-b-¯v Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶ G-tXm ]-c-¼-cm-K-X
A-h-Im-in-bm-b hr-²-s\ I-h-bn-{Xn kp-K-X-Ip-
am-cn Nm-\-en-\p-th@n A-`n-ap-Jw sN-¿p-¶p.
]m-hw am-\-h-lr-Z-b-§-fp-sS I-hn-bp-sS ap-J-¯v
h-en-b tXm-Xn `-àn-bpw hn-t[-b-Xz-hpw {]-I-S-
am-bn-cp-¶p. s]m-¶p-X-¼p-cm³ F-¶m-bn-cp-¶p
A-hÀ A-t±-l-s¯ A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\ sN-bv-Xn-
cp-¶-Xv. tNm-Zy-§Ä-¡n-S-bn-se-Ãmw P-\m-[n-]-
Xy-t¯m-Spw A-Xn-se t\-Xm-¡-tfm-Spw cm-{ão-b
{]-Øm-\-§-tfm-Spw D-Å A-Xr-]v-Xn \n-d-¨n-cp-¶
A-hÀ cm-P-`-c-Ww B-bn-cp-¶p \-Ã-Xv F-¶v h-f-
sc Ir-Xy-am-bn X-s¶ A-`n-ap-J-¯n-\n-S-bnÂ
]-d-ªp h-bv-¡p-¶p-ap@m-bn-cp-¶p.
\m-«n Im-em-Im-e-§-fn D@m-bn-«p-Å
k-I-e PoÀ-W-X-I-fp-sS-bpw D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw
P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-\v ta A-hÀ h-¨v-sI-«m³
{i-an-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶p. A-`n-ap-J-¯nÂ
D-S-\o-fw A-[n-Im-c-an-Ãm-¯ hr-² cm-Pm-hm-bn-

20 2 P\phcn 2021
cp-¶p Ip-td-¡q-Sn do-k-W-_nÄ B-bn tXm-¶n-
¸n-¨-Xv. kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn F-¶ a-e-bm-fw I@
G-ä-hpw {]-Xn-`m-im-en-bm-b I-h-b-n{Xn-tb-bpw
D-¶-X-bm-b ]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-I-tb-bpw cm-
{ão-b-am-bn hn-e-bn-cp-¯m³ {i-an-¡p-t¼mÄ
F-t¸m-gpw a-\-Ên I-S-¶p-h-cn-I B A-`n-ap-
J-am-Wv.
"B-tcm ]-d-ªp ap-dn-¨p-am-ämw tI-Sp-_m-
[n-s¨m-c-h-b-hw ]-t£ sIm-Spw-tI-Sv _m-[n-¨
]m-hw a-\-tÊm' F-¶v tNm-Zn-¨ I-hn C-t¸m-
tfmÀ-a-bm-Wv. ssk-eâ v hm-en-bn-se \n-Xy
l-cn-X h-\-§Ä-¡v th@n i-Ðn-¨p-sIm@v
tI-c-f-¯n ]-cn-Øn-Xn B-În-hn-k-¯n-\v Xp-
S-¡w Ip-dn-¨ B h-en-b hy-àn-Xzw C-\n-bn-Ã.
]p-cp-jm-[n-]-Xy k-aq-l-¯n ssew-Kn-I-am-bpw
am-\-kn-I-am-bpw k-maq-ln-I-am-bpw hÀ-K-]-c-am-
bpw Nq-j-Ww sN-¿-s¸-« H-cp-]m-Sv kv-{Xo-IÄ-
¡pw am-\-kn-I \n-e X-I-cm-dn B-b-hÀ-¡pw
Ip½-\w cm-P-ti-J-c-t\m-sSm-¸w kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn B-d³ap-f hn-am-\-¯m-h-f ]-²-Xn-{]-tZi¯v
2 P\phcn 2021
A-`-b-am-bn-cp-¶ B h-en-b am-\-hn-I-X-bp-sS
km-¶n-[yw C-\n-bn-Ã.
H-cp hy-àn-sb-¶ \n-e-bn-ep-Å tI-c-f k-aq-
l-¯n-se A-\-´ km-[y-X-I-fn H-¶m-bn-cp-¶p
kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn. a-\p-jy km-[y-X-I-fp-sS hy-Xy-
kv-X X-e-§-fn-te-¡pw am-\-§-fn-te-¡pw A-hÀ
A-Xn-th-Kw h-fÀ-¶p-I-b-dn. h-\n-Xm I-½o-j³
A-[y-£ t]m-ep-Å `-c-W kw-hn-[m-\-hp-am-bn
_-Ô-s¸-« ]-Z-hn-I-fn-epw h-\n-Xm am-[y-a {]-hÀ-
¯-IÀ t\-cn-Sp-¶ {]-i-\ v- -§Ä ]Tn-¡m-\p-Å
I-½-nän-bp-sS A-[y-£ t]m-ep-Å ]-e-\n-e-
I-fn-epw A-hÀ tI-c-f-¯n-sâ k-a-Im-en-I N-cn-
{X-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn. A-h-cp-sS ]-cn-Øn-Xn
kw-_-Ôn-¨ \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ I-t¿-ä tem-_n-I-
fm-epw cm-{ão-b-þ-D-tZym-K-Ø ta-J-e-I-fn-se
X-Xv-]-c I-£n-I-fm-epw A-h-a-Xn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw
]-cn-l-kn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN-¿p-t¼m-gpw A-h-sc
k-aq-lw D-b-c-¯n I@v B-Z-cn-¨p. A-h-cp-sS
21
kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn, Ip½-\w cm-P-ti-Jc³, A-an-Xvjm
I-hn-X-bpw B-În-hn-k-hpw Nm-cn-än-bpw h-en-b
\n-e-I-fn Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p. a-e-bm-fn B-kzm-
Z-I k-aq-l-¯n-\v ap-¶n ]-e-t¸m-gpw Im-hy-]
p-kv-X-Iw A-h-cn-te-¡v Np-cp-§n.
I-hn-sb-¶ \n-e-bn-epw B-În-hn-Ìv F-¶
\n-e-bn-epw tI-c-fw t]m-ep-Å H-cp _-lp-kz-c
P-\m-[n-]-Xyw B-Z-cn-¡p-I-bpw hn-e I-ev-]n-¡p-
I-bpw sN-bv-X H-cp hy-àn-Xzw C-hn-Sp-s¯
P-\m-[n-]-Xy ]-cn-k-c-§-tf-bpw km-aq-ln-I h-fÀ-
¨-I-tf-bpw A-ev-]w A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-tbm-sS-b-
tà t\m-¡n-¡@Xv F-¶ tNm-Zy-hpw {]-k-à-
am-Wv. ]p-I-gv-¯-ep-IÄ-¡pw C-I-gv-¯-ep-IÄ-¡pw
C-S-bn-se bm-YmÀ-°y-§-fp-sS tem-I-¯p \n-¶p-
sIm@v hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-t¼mÄ {]-tXy-In-¨pw.
s]m-¶p X-¼p-cm-·mÀ `-cn-¨n-cp-¶ hn-ip-²-hpw
\nÀ-a-e-hpw ]-hn-{X-hpw ip-²n \n-d-ª-Xp-am-b
]-g-b Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s\ P-\m-[n-]-Xy `-c-W-
¡mÀ Ip-«n-t¨m-dm-¡n F-¶ a-«n-ep-Å H-cp k-ao-
]-\-hpw A-Ô-am-b cm-P-`-àn-bpw A-hÀ H-Sp-
hn h-sc \n-e-\nÀ-¯n-bn-cp-¶p F-¶v th-Ww
A-h-cn \n-¶pw h-¶n-«p-Å taÂ-hn-j-b-§-fn-
se A-`n-{]m-b {]-I-S-\-§Ä Im-Wp-t¼mÄ
A-\p-am-\n-¡m³. A-§-s\ sN-¿p-t¼m-gpw h-
\n-Xm I-½o-j³ A-[y-£ t]m-ep-Å P-\m-[n-
]-Xyw sh¨p \o-«n-b {]n-hn-te-Pp-IÄ A-hÀ
H-cn-¡-epw th-s@¶p sh¨n-cp-¶p-an-Ã.
I-hn-X-bv-¡-¸p-dw kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn {]-i-kv-X-
22
H-cp hy-àn-sb-¶ \n-e-bn-ep-Å
tI-c-f k-aq-l-¯n-se A-\-´ km-
[y-X-I-fn H-¶m-bn-cp-¶p kp-K-X-
Ip-am-cn. a-\p-jy km-[y-X-I-fp-sS
hy-Xy-kv-X X-e-§-fn-te-¡pw am-\-
§-fn-te-¡pw A-hÀ A-Xn-th-Kw
h-fÀ-¶p-I-b-dn. h-\n-XmI-½o-j³
A-[y-£ t]m-ep-Å `-c-W kw-hn-
[m-\-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« ]-Z-hn-I-
fn-epw h-\n-Xm am-[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-
IÀ t\-cn-Sp-¶ {]-iv-\-§Ä
]Tn-¡m-\p-Å I-½-nän-bp-sS
A-[y-£ t]m-ep-Å ]-e-\n-e-
I-fn-epw A-hÀ tI-c-f-¯n-sâ k-a-
Im-en-I N-cn-{X-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn.
A-h-cp-sS ]-cn-Øn-Xn kw-_-Ôn-¨
\n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ I-t¿-ä tem-_n-I-fm-
epw cm-{ão-b-þ-D-tZym-K-Ø ta-J-e-
I-fn-se X-Xv-]-c I-£n-I-fm-epw
A-h-a-Xn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw ]-cn-l-
kn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN-¿p-t¼m-gpw
A-h-sc k-aq-lw D-b-c-¯nÂ
I@v B-Z-cn-¨p.
2 P\phcn 2021
bm-b-Xv ]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-I F-¶ \n-e-bn-
em-Wv. Im-Sp-IÄ th-«-bm-Sm-\pw hn-f-bm-Sm-\pw
D-Å-Xm-sW-¶ D-¶-X-Ip-e {]-`p-k-aq-l Nn-´-
I-fn \n-¶pw tem-Iw am-dp-I-bpw a-®v, sh-Åw,
{]-Ir-Xn hn-`-h-§Ä, Im-Sp-IÄ, Im-«p-ar-K-§Ä,
]p-g-IÄ, I-SÂ, X-®oÀ-¯-S-§Ä F-¶n-h-sb-
Ãmw `m-hn X-e-ap-d-IÄ-¡m-bn kw-c-£n-¡-s¸-
tS@h-bm-Wv F-¶p-Å t_m-[w F-§pw ho-
in- b - S n- ¡ p- I - b pw sN- b v - X - X v B- b n- c - ¯ n
sXm-Åm-bn-c-¯n F-gp-]-Xp-I-fn-em-Wv.
B Im-e-L-«-¯n H-cp-]m-Sv ]-cn-an-Xn-IÄ-
¡n-S-bn-epw tI-c-f-¯n-\m-bn H-cp ]-cn-Øn-Xn
{]-Øm-\w cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn A-hÀ K-W-
\o-b-am-b ]-¦p-h-ln-¨p F-¶X - pw \n-tj-[n-¡m³
B-Im-¯-Xm-Wv. C-´y-bn-se ]-cn-Øn-Xn kw-
c-£-W cw-K-s¯ B-Zy-s¯ _-lp-P-\ {]-Øm-
\-am-b ssk-eâ v hm-en aq-h-sv- aân-epw A-hÀ
t\-Xr-Xz-]-c-am-b ]-¦p h-ln-¨p. Im-Sn-\pw knw-
l-hm-e³ Ip-c-§p-IÄ-¡pw th@n H-t¶m
c-t@m I-hn-X-IÄ F-gp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¯v kp-c-£n-
X-am-bn am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-I A-Ã A-hÀ sN-bv-X-Xv.
F-¶m tI-c-f-¯n-se ]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-Øm-
\-s¯ k-hÀ-W-Xzw hn-f-bp-¶ H-cp \m-bÀ-þ-hm-
cyÀ-þ-{_m-Ò-W-þ-kp-dn-bm-\n {In-kv-Xym-\n \n-e-
bn-ep-Å F-sse-äv ¢-ºv F-¶-Xn \n-¶pw
]-cn-hÀ-¯-\-s¸-Sp-¯n F-Ãm ]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I
Zp-c-´-§-fp-sS-bpw C-c-I-fm-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ Z-fn-X-sc-
bpw B-Zn-hm-kn-I-sf-bpw ap-kv-enw P-\-km-am-
\y-s¯-bpw a-tX-X-c-þ-C-S-Xp-]-£-þ-]p-tcm-K-a-\
[m-c-I-sf-bpw DÄ-sIm-Åp-¶ H-cp P-\-Io-b
ap-t¶-äw B-¡m³ A-hÀ {i-an-¨-tX C-Ã.
B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fpw ]-c-¼-cm-K-X-am-bn h-\-
¯n Po-hn-¡p-¶ C-X-c hn-`m-K-§-fpw(h-b-
\m-S³ sN-«n-amÀ D-Zm-l-c-Ww) H-s¡ DÄ-s¡m-
Åp- ¶ - X m- W v kw- c - £ - W - s a- ¶ pw A- h - s c
H-gn-¸n-¨pw A-I-än-bpw A-\y-h-Xv-I-cn-¨pw \-S-
¯p-¶ h-\w h-Ip-¸v A-P@IÄ \-S-¸m-¡-e-Ã
]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-\-sa-¶pw A-hÀ a-\-Ên-
em-¡m-sX t]m-bn. kzm-X-{´ym-\-´-c C-´y-
bn Im-Sp-IÄ kw-c-£n-¨-Xpw \n-e-\nÀ-¯n-b-
Xpw h-\w h-Ip-¸p-IÄ A-sÃ-¶pw X-t±-io-b
P-\-k-aq-l-§-fm-Wv F-¶-Xpw ]-e K-th-j-I-cpw
]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-I-cpw h-kv-Xp-X-I-fp-sS
A- S n- Ø m- \ - ¯ n Nq@n- ¡ m- W n- ¨ n- « p
Å-Xp-am-Wv.'
F-¶m ssh-Im-cn-I-am-bpw Im-ev-]-\n-I-am
-bpw ]-cn-Øn-Xn-sb-bpw h-\-kw-c-£-W-s¯-bpw
k-ao-]n-¨ A-hÀ ]-e-t¸m-gpw C-¯-cw a-\p-jy-
sc am-än \nÀ-¯n-s¡m@pw A-I-än-¡-f-ªp-
sIm@p-ap-Å kw-c-£-W-am-Wv B-h-iy-s¸-«-Xv.
Im-Sn-t\m-Spw a-c-§-tfm-Spw ar-K-§-tfm-Sp-ap-Å
A-Xn-ssh-Im-cn-I-X-bpw Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-bpw I-eÀ-
¶ k-ao-]-\w X-s¶-bm-Wv B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS
Im-cy-¯n-epw A-hÀ A-\p-hÀ-¯n-¨-Xv.
`q-an, D-]-Po-h-\w, B-hm-k-hy-h-Ø, Ir-jn-
bm-h-iy-§Ä, P-e-e-`y-X, B-tcm-Ky c-£ Xp-
S-§n-b-h-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS
H-«pw hn-«p-ho-gv-N A-\p-h-Zn-¡m³ B-Im-¯
A-Xn-Po-h-\ {]-i-\ v- -§-fn {]-Xn-I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ
2 P\phcn 2021
]-e-t¸m-gpw A-hÀ A-Xn-Im-ev-]-\n-I-X D-Å H-cp
I-hn-bp-sS \n-e-bn-te-¡v am-dn-t¸m-bn. A-«-¸m-Sn-
bn-epw h-b-\m-«n-epw t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ B-Zn-hm-kn
t\-Xr-Xz-¯n D-Å kv-{Xo-I-sf X-t¶m-Sv tNÀ-
¯p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xpw A-h-sc Xp-ey \n-e-bnÂ
Im-Wp-¶-Xpw A-h-cp-sS Zp-cn-X Po-hn-Xm-h-Ø-
IÄ X-sâ am-{X-am-b ssi-en-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n-
¨p ]-cn-lm-cw tX-Sp-¶-Xpw a-d-¶p sIm@Ã
kw-km-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
B-Zn-hm-kn-IÄ B-bm-epw Z-fn-XÀ B-bm-epw
Zm-cn-{Zy-hpw \n-Ê-lm-b-hp-am-b Ip-Spw-_-§-fnÂ
\n-¶p-Å kv-{Xo-IÄ B-bm-epw A-h-cp-sS A-Xn-
Po-h-\{]-iv-\-§-fn kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn C-S-s]-Sp-
t¼mÄ A-h-cn H-cm-fm-bn am-dn-s¡m@p-Å
sF-Iy-ZmÀ-Vy-hpw ho-£-W hy-à-X-bpw D@m-
bn-cp-¶n-Ã. a-dn-¨v D-¶-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-cp-sS A-\p-I-
s]m-¶p X-¼p-cm-·mÀ `-cn-¨n-cp-¶
hn-ip-²-hpw \nÀ-a-e-hpw ]-hn-{X-
hpw ip-²n \n-d-ª-Xp-am-b ]-g-b
Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s\ P-\m-[n-]-
Xy `-c-W-¡mÀ Ip-«n-t¨m-dm-¡n
F-¶ a-«n-ep-Å H-cp k-ao-]-\-hpw
A-Ô-am-b cm-P-`-àn-bpw A-hÀ
H-Sp-hn h-sc \n-e-\nÀ-¯n-bn-
cp-¶p F-¶v th-Ww A-h-cnÂ
\n-¶pw h-¶n-«p-Å taÂ-hn-j-b-
§-fn-se A-`n-{]m-b {]-I-S-\-§Ä
Im-Wp-t¼mÄ A-\p-am-\n-¡m³.
A-§-s\ sN-¿p-t¼m-gpw h-\n-Xm
I-½o-j³ A-[y-£ t]m-ep-Å
P-\m-[n-]-Xyw sh¨p \o-«n-b
{]n-hn-te-Pp-IÄ A-hÀ H-cn-¡-
epw th-s@¶p sh¨n-cp-¶p-an-Ã.
I-hn-X-bv-¡-¸p-dw kp-K-X-Ip-am-
cn {]-i-kv-X-bm-b-Xv ]-cn-Øn-Xn
{]-hÀ-¯-I F-¶ \n-e-bn-em-Wv.
¼-bpw Zo-\ Z-bm-e-X-bpw B-h-iy-¯n A-[n-
Iw D@m-bn-cp-¶p Xm-\pw. B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fpw
Z-fn-X-cpw B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv Im-cp-Wyw A-sÃ-
¶pw A-h-cp-sS b-YmÀ-° B-h-iy-§-tfm-Sv
A-Sp-¯v \n-¶p-sIm@p-Å sF-Iy-ZmÀ-Vyw
B-sW-¶pw a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ ]-e-t¸m-gpw A-hÀ-
¡p ]-äm-sX t]m-bn. ap-¯-§ k-a-c-hpw B-Zn-
hm-kn `q-{]-iv-\-hpw H-s¡ h-cp-t¼mÄ A-hÀ
B-Zn-hm-kn-I-sf-bpw Im-Sn-t\-bpw ]-cn-Øn-Xn-
sb-bpw th-dn-«v I@p. Cu a-\p-jy-cp-sS A-Xn-
Po-h-\-am-Wv ]-cn-Øn-Xn kw-c-£-W-¯n ap-
¶n \nÂ-t¡@ L-S-Iw F-¶-X-hÀ a-d-¶p
t]m-bn.
Im-«n Po-hn-¡p-¶-h-cp-sS Im-cy-¯n C-Ãm-
23
kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn
Xn-cp-¶ Pm-{K-X ]-e-t¸m-gpw Xo-c-tZ-i \n-hm-kn-
I-fp-sS Im-cy-¯n-epw C-Ãm-sX t]m-bn. hn-gn-
ªw Xp-d-ap-J ]-²-Xn I-Sp-¯ hn-aÀ-i-\w
]-cn-Øn-Xn hm-Zn-I-fn \n-¶pw a-Õy sXm-gn-
em-fn-I-fn \n-¶pw H-cp-t]m-se t\-cn-«-t¸mÄ
t]m-epw A-hÀ A-Xn au-\w Zo-£n-¨p. ]-Ýn-
a-L-« ]-cn-Øn-Xn t]m-se X-s¶ {]-[m-\-s¸-«-
Xm-Wv Xo-c-tZ-i ]-cn-Øn-Xn-bpw. Xo-c-tZ-i ]-cn
-]m-e-\ \n-b-a-¯n sh-Åw tNÀ-¡p-¶-Xv DÄ-
s¸-sS-bp-Å hn-j-b-§-fn A-h-cp-sS Pm-{K-X
{]-Xo-£n-¨-Xp-t]m-se D@m-bn-Ã.
F-¶m B-d-·p-f hn-am-\-¯m-h-f hn-j-b-
¯n {]m-bw a-d-¶pw A-h-i-X a-d-¶pw A-hÀ
ap-¶n \n-¶v t]m-cm-Sn. B hn-j-b-¯n Ip-
½-\w cm-P-ti-J-c-\v H-¸w A-an-Xv jm-bp-sS ap-
¶n hn-\o-X-bm-bn C-cn-¡p-¶ A-h-cp-sS H-cp
Nn-{Xw HmÀ-a-bn-ep@v. ]-cn-Øn-Xn-bpw A-Xn-Po-
h-\-hpw kw-_-Ôn-¨ A-P@IÄ C-´y-bn-se
Xo-{h h-e-Xp-]-£w ssl-Pm-¡v sN-¿p-¶-Xn-s\-
Xn-sc hym-]-I-am-b B-t£-]w \n-e-\nÂ-¡-th
X-s¶-bm-Wv A-hÀ tI-c-f-¯n-se ]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I
{]-iv-\-§-sf ssl-µ-h _nw-_-§-fpw ssl-µ-h
co-Xn-im-kv-{X-§-fp-am-bn Iq-«n sI-«n-b-Xv.
tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b-\n-epw In-g-¡³ bq-tdm-
¸n-epw I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-Iq-S-§Ä X-IÀ-¶p
ho-gp-I-bpw \-h ap-X-em-fn-¯w A-Xn-sâ Nq-j-W
A-P@IÄ ]p-d-¯n-d-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-t¸mÄ
am-Xr-`q-an hm-cn-I-bn F-gp-Xn-b ]-c-¼-c-bnÂ
A-hÀ B-\-µ \r-¯w N-hn-«p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
h-f-sc \m-fm-bn B h-c-h-dn-bp-¶p F-¶-Xm-bn-
cp-¶p B ]-c-¼-c-bp-sS X-e-s¡-«v. F-¶mÂ
C-´y-bn ln-µp-Xz i-àn-IÄ \-½p-sS a-tX-X-c
P-\m-[n-]-Xy _-lp-kz-c aq-ey-§-sf X-IÀ-s¯-
dn-bm³ Xp-S-§n-b-t¸mÄ ap-XÂ a-c-Ww h-sc
B hn-j-b-§-fn A-hÀ kzo-I-cn-¨-Xv I-Sp-¯
au-\w B-bn-cp-¶p.
24
`q-cn-]-£ hÀ-Ko-b-X-bv-¡v F-Xn-cm-bn tI-c-f-
¯n D-bÀ-¶p tI-« \-thm-°m-\ i-Ð-§-fnÂ
A-hÀ D@m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. kq-cy-s\-Ãn s]¬-hm-
Wn-`w t]m-ep-Å tI-c-f-s¯ \-Sp-¡n-b kw-`-h-
§-fn i-à-am-b {]-Xn-tcm-[w XoÀ-¯ A-hÀ
tXm-¸pw-]-Sn-bpw hn-Xp-c-bpw t]m-ep-Å k-am-\
kw-`-h-§-fn C-c-I-tfm-Sv kzo-I-cn-¨ k-ao-]-\w
kv-{Xo kw-L-S-\-I-fn \n-¶v X-s¶ I-Sp-¯
tI-c-f-¯n-se ]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-Øm-
\-s¯ k-hÀ-W-Xzw hn-f-bp-¶ H-cp
\m-bÀ-þ-hm-cyÀ-þ-{_m-Ò-W-þ-kp-dn-bm-
\n {In-kv-Xym-\n \n-e-bn-ep-Å F-sse-
äv ¢-ºv F-¶-Xn \n-¶pw ]-cn-hÀ-
¯-\-s¸-Sp-¯n F-Ãm ]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I
Zp-c-´-§-fp-sS-bpw C-c-I-fm-¡-s¸-
Sp-¶ Z-fn-X-sc-bpw B-Zn-hm-kn-I-sf-
bpw ap-kv-enw P-\-km-am-\y-s¯-bpw
a-tX-X-c-þ-C-S-Xp-]-£-þ-]p-tcm-K-a-\
[m-c-I-sf-bpw DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶ H-cp
P-\-Io-b ap-t¶-äw B-¡m³ A-hÀ
{i-an-¨-tX C-Ã. B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fpw
]-c-¼-cm-K-X-am-bn h-\-¯n Po-hn-
¡p-¶ C-X-c hn-`m-K-§-fpw(h-b-
\m-S³ sN-«n-amÀ D-Zm-l-c-Ww) H-s¡
DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶-Xm-Wv kw-c-£-W-
sa-¶pw A-h-sc H-gn-¸n-¨pw A-I-än-
bpw A-\y-h-Xv-I-cn-¨pw \-S-¯p-¶
h-\w h-Ip-¸v A-P@IÄ \-S-¸m-¡-
e-Ã ]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-\-sa-¶pw
A-hÀ a-\-Ên-em-¡m-sX t]m-bn.
2 P\phcn 2021
hn-aÀ-i-\w D-bÀ-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. A-`-b-bp-sS
\-S-¯n-¸p-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«pw \n-c-h-[n B-tcm-
]-W-§Ä D-bÀ-¶n-cp-¶p F-¦n-epw A-h-cp-sS
hn-im-e kw-`m-h-\-I-fp-sS ap-¶n B B-tcm-
]-W-§Ä ]-Xn-sb am-ªp t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-
¶p.
Sn. ]-ß-\m-`³, Fw. ap-Ip-µ³, ]n. h-Õ-e,
tam-l³-emÂ, sI. sP. tb-ip-Zm-kv, sIm-¨u-
tk-^v Nn-än-e-¸n-Ån, ta-PÀ c-hn, kp-tc-jv tKm-
]n Xp-S-§n-b {]-Xn-`-IÄ A-cm-{ão-b-X-bnÂ
B-cw-`n-¡p-I-bpw \n-e-]m-Sn-Ãm-bv-a-bn-te-¡v am-
dn-t¸m-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-X co-Xn-IÄ kp-K-X-Ip-am-
cn- b n- e pw D@m- b n- c p- ¶ p. A- h - c n Nn- e À
]n-¶o-Sv hy-à-am-b kw-L-]-cn-hmÀ amÀ-Kw
kzo-I-cn-¨-t¸mÄ a-äp Nn-eÀ A-h-k-c hm-Z-¯nÂ
D-d-¨p \n-¶p
kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-bm-I-s« ln-µp-Xz-s¯-bpw
\n-e-]m-Sn-Ãm-bv-a-sb-bpw ]-c-kv-]-cw I-eÀ-¯n
hn-Z-Kv-[-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¨p. sI.kn._n.kn-bpw
IÀ-Zn-\mÄ Iv-fo-ao-kpw \-S-¯p-¶ a-Zy hn-cp-²
dm-en-IÄ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-¿m³ sk-{I-«-dn-tb-äv
]-cn-k-c-¯p h-cp-t¼mÄ sXm-«-¸p-d-s¯ B-Zn-
hm-kn `q-k-a-c-§-sf H-¶v Xn-cn-ªp t\m-¡p-I
t]m-epw sN-¿m-¯ k-ao-]-\-hpw A-hÀ-¡p@m-
bn-cp-¶p. kp-K-X-Ip-am-cn-bp-sS ]-cn-Øn-Xn t_m-
[w ]-e-t¸m-gpw ]-cn-X-Øn-Xn-IÄ-¡v A-\p-k-
cn-¨p-Å-h-bpw B-bn-cp-¶p.
i-_-cn-a-e-bn kv-{Xo-IÄ t]m-I-cp-Xv F-¶v
]-d-bp-I am-{X-a-Ã B hn-j-b-¯n-se ln-µp-Xz
k-¦p-Nn-X ]n-´n-cn-¸³ \n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf A-Sn-ap-Sn
]n-´p-W-bv-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. a-cw \-S-em-Wv
]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-\w F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-h-cpw
Xo-c-tZ-i \n-b-a-hpw a-e-tbm-c ]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I
\n-b-a-§-fpw ew-Ln-¡p-I-bpw sN-bp-¶ A-ar-
Xm-\-µ-a-bn, P-¤n-hm-kp-tZ-hv, {io {io c-hn-i-¦À
A-P@I-tfm-Spw A-hÀ-¡p F-XnÀ-¸n-Ãm-bn-cp-
¶p.
sam-ss_Â t^m¬ Im-c-W-am-Wv Cu
\m-«n s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ h-gn-sX-än t]m-Ip-¶-Xv
F-¶pw Cu \m-Sn-sâ c-£-I³ A-an-Xv jm
B-sW-¶p-sam-s¡ ]-c-ky-am-bn ]-d-bp-¶-XnÂ
A-hÀ-¡v H-cp _p-²n-ap-«pw tXm-¶n-bn-«p-an-Ã.
Ip-Sn-tb-ä sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sf A-S-¨m-t£-]n-¡p-
t¼mÄ P-\n-¨ \m-Sp-hn-«-I-se B-Êm-an ]-Wn-
¡p-t]m-bn h-cpw ]-cn-j-IÄ \-½Ä F-s¶-gp-
Xn- b ssh- t em- ¸ n- Å n- s b A- h À a- d - ¶ p
t]m-Ip-¶p.
A-cm-{ão-b a-e-bm-fn a-[y-hÀ-Kw F-¶pw So-
¨-dn X-§-sf X-s¶ I-s@¯n F-¶-Xpw
H-cp h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv. Ip-Sn-tb-ä sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sf
A-hÀ hn-fn-¨-Xv {In-an-\-ep-IÄ F-¶m-Wv. {]-Xn-
tem-a-X-bpw hw-io-b-X-bpw a-\p-jy hn-cp-²-X-
bpw A-hÀ ]-d-ªn-«p@v. hÀ-Ko-b ^m-jn-k-
t¯m-Sv tNÀ-¶v \nÂ-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-«p@v.
Xp-S-¡-¯n kq-Nn-¸n-¨-Xp-t]m-se P-\m-[n-
]-Xy-t¯-¡mÄ A-hÀ C-ã-s¸-«-Xv cm-Pm-[n-]-
Xy-hpw G-Im-[n-]-Xy-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. tZ-io-b
{]-Øm-\-¯n-\v th@n k-aÀ-¸n-¨ H-cp Ip-Spw-
_-¯n P-\n-¡p-I-bpw tIm¬-{K-Ên-sâ hn-
2 P\phcn 2021
B-d-·p-f hn-am-\-¯m-h-f hn-j-b-
¯n {]m-bw a-d-¶pw A-h-i-X a-d-
¶pw A-hÀ ap-¶n \n-¶v t]m-cm-Sn.
B hn-j-b-¯n Ip-½-\w cm-P-ti-
J-c-\v H-¸w A-an-Xv jm-bp-sS ap-¶nÂ
hn-\o-X-bm-bn C-cn-¡p-¶ A-h-cp-sS
H-cp Nn-{Xw HmÀ-a-bn-ep@v. ]-cn-Øn-
Xn-bpw A-Xn-Po-h-\-hpw kw-_-Ôn-¨
A-P@IÄ C-´y-bn-se Xo-{h h-e-Xp-
]-£w ssl-Pm-¡v sN-¿p-¶-Xn-s\-Xn-
sc hym-]-I-am-b B-t£-]w \n-e-
\nÂ-¡-th X-s¶-bm-Wv A-hÀ tI-c-
f-¯n-se ]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I {]-iv-\-§-sf
ssl-µ-h _nw-_-§-fpw ssl-µ-h
co-Xn-im-kv-{X-§-fp-am-bn Iq-«n sI-
«n-b-Xv. tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b-\n-epw
In-g-¡³ bq-tdm-¸n-epw I-ayq-Wn-Ìv
`-c-W-Iq-S-§Ä X-IÀ-¶p ho-gp-I-bpw
\-h ap-X-em-fn-¯w A-Xn-sâ Nq-j-W
A-P@IÄ ]p-d-¯n-d-¡p-I-bpw
sN-bv-X-t¸mÄ am-Xr-`q-an hm-cn-I-
bn F-gp-Xn-b ]-c-¼-c-bn A-hÀ
B-\-µ \r-¯w N-hn-«p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
im-e P-\m-[n-]-Xy ]-cn-k-c-§-fn A-`n-{]m-b
cq-]o-I-c-Ww \-S-¯m³ A-h-k-cw In-«p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xn-«pw A-h-cp-sS k-ao-]-\-§Ä ]-e-t¸m-gpw
DÄ-s¡m-Å-en-sâ-bpw tNÀ-¯p-]n-Sn-¡-en-sâ-bpw
B-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
C-S-Xp ]p-tcm-K-a-\ [m-c-I-tfm-Sv A-hÀ
]p-eÀ-¯n-b-Xv G-Xm@v A-Ô-am-b F-XnÀ-¸v
X- s ¶- b m- W v . kp- K - X - I p- a m- c n- s b hn- e - b n-
cp-t¯@Xv k-a-{K-am-bm-Wv. X-e-ap-d-I-sf kzm-
[o-\n-¨ A-]m-c kn-²n-bp-Å I-hn X-s¶-bm-W-
hÀ. ]- c n- Ø n- X n {]- Ø m- \ - § Ä I- S p- ¯
F-XnÀ-¸v t\-cn-Sp-¶ H-cp k-aq-l-¯n [o-c-am-bn
Im-Sn-\pw Im-«n-se ar-K-§Ä-¡pw {]-Ir-Xn k-¼-
¯n-\pw th@n A-hÀ \n-e-sIm@p. km-aq-ln-I
{]-hÀ-¯-I-bm-bpw kv-{Xo k-aq-l-¯n-\p th@n
{]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ B-sf-¶ \n-e-bn-epw K-W-\o-
b-am-b kw-`m-h-\-IÄ sN-bv-Xp. ]-t£ A-h-bv-
¡n- S - b n- e pw \n- c - h - [ n- b m- b ]- c n- a n- X n- I - f pw
t]m-cm-bv-a-I-fpw Im-gv-N-¸m-Sp-I-fp-sS ]-cn-an-Xn-I-
fpw A-hÀ-¡p@m-bn-cp-¶p.
hn-im-e am-\-hn-I-X-bp-sS G-ä-hpw h-en-b
`m-hw _-lp-kz-c-X X-s¶ B-bn-cn-¡p-t¼m-gpw
A-Xn-t\m-Sv A-hÀ h-en-b ]-cn-K-W-\ Im-Wn-¨n-Ã
F-¶-Xv k-Xyw X-s¶-bm-Wv. k-a-{K-am-b-Xpw
hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I-am-b-Xp-am-b hm-b-\ B-h-iy-s¸-
Sp-¶-Xm-Wv A-h-cp-sS kw-`m-h-\-IÄ. A-Ãm-sX-
bp-Å hm-gv-¯p-]m-«p-IÄ am-{X-am-bm A-Xv
N-cn-{X-¯n-\v t\-sc-bp-Å ap-Jw Xn-cn-¡-em-Wv.
Courtesy: doolnews.com
25
26 2 P\phcn 2021
tUm. P-b-Ir-jv-W³. Sn

tIm-hnUv
hm- I - v k n³
C-{X-bpw sX-fn-hp-IÄ
e-`y-am-Wv
tImhnUns\Xnsc hmIvkn³ e`n¡m³ t]mIp¶Xnsâ hnizmkyX
bnepw BËmZ¯nepamWv temIw. Cu ]Ým¯e¯n hmIvkn³
KthjW^e§sf¡pdn¨v \nco£W§Ä AhXcn¸n¡p¶p.

C -t¸mÄ ]-e cm-Py-§-fpw Aw-Ko-I-

cn-¨ ss^-k-dn-sâ RNA hm-I-vkn³
hn-e-¡q-Sp-XÂ-sIm@pw
\nÀ-am-W km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sS
e-`y-X-bn-Ãm-¯-Xp-sIm@pw, B-h-iy-¯n-\-\p-
k-cn-¨v \nÀ-an-¨v \Â-Im³ ]-äm-¯-Xp sIm
@pw Xm-gv-¶ Du-j-am-hn-ep-Å Uo-¸v {^o-kÀ
ku-I-cy-§Ä \n-e-hn C-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m-epw
C-´y t]m-ep-Å G-jy³ cm-Py-§-fn-se km-am-
\y P-\-§Ä-¡v C-t¸m-sgm-¶pw e-`y-am-Im³
km-[y-X-bn-Ã. Cu A-h-k-c-¯n C-´y-bn-se
`-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw t]m-epw D-äp-t\m-¡p-¶-Xv hn-e
Ip-d-hp-Å-Xpw, F-fp-¸w \nÀ-an-¡m³ ]-äp-¶-Xp-
am-b kq-£n-¡m-\pw hn-X-c-W-¯n-\pw \n-e-hn-
ep-Å d-{^n-P-td-ä-dp-IÄ am-{Xw B-h-iy-ap-Å-
Xp-am-b (28°C){_n-«-\n-se Hm-I-k v- v-t^mÀ-Uv

2 P\phcn 2021
27

hm-I-vkn-\m-Wv (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). Hm-I-vkv-
t^mÀ-Uv bq-\n-th-gv-kn-än-bpw Astra Zaneca
F-¶ I-¼-\n-bpw kw-bp-à-am-bm-Wv C-Xv hn-I-
kn-¸n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. C-Xn-sâ kv-s{S-bn³ A-Sn-Øm-
\-am-¡n-bm-Wv tI-{µ-kÀ-¡m-dn-sâ k-lm-b-t¯m-
sS ]q-\-bn-se kz-Im-cy I-¼-\n-bm-b ko-dw
C³-Ìn-äyq-«v (Serum Institute Of India) hm-I-vkn³
\nÀ-an-¨v Xp-S-§p-I-bpw C-´y-bn hm-I-vkn³
]-co-£-Ww \-S-¯n h-cn-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-Xv.
Cu hm-I-vkn-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-am-b Hm-I-vkv-
t^mÀ-Uv hm-I-vkn-sâ a-\p-jy-cn-se aq-¶mw-L-«
28
tIm-tdm-W ssh-d-kn-sâ {]-X-e-
¯n-ep-Å kv-ss]-¡v t{]m-
«o\n-s\ (Spike protein) Po-\p-IÄ
thÀ-Xn-cn-s¨-Sp-¯v a-\p-jy-sc
tZm-j-I-c-am-bn _m-[n-¡m-¯
Nn-¼m³-kn-I-fn Im-Wp-¶
A-Un-t\m-ssh-d-kp-I-fn hm-l-
I-cm-bn (Vector) Cw-¹m³-dv sN-bv-
Xm-Wv Cu hm-I-vkn³ \nÀ-an-¨n-
«p-Å-Xv. a-\p-jy-sc _m-[n-¡p-¶
A-Un-t\m-ssh-d-kp-I-sf (Adeno
virus) D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmÂ
Nn-e-t¸mÄ t\-c-s¯ X-s¶ Cu
ssh-d-kv _m-[n-¨-h-cn-ep-Å {]-Xn-
tcm-[w (Antibodies) hm-I-vkn³
D@m-¡p-¶ {]-Xn-tcm-[-s¯
\-in-¸n-¡m³ km-[y-X D-Å-Xv
sIm@m-Wv K-th-j-IÀ Nn-¼m³-
kn-bn-se ChAdOx1 F-¶ ssh-d-
kp-I-sf hm-I-vkn³ hm-l-I-cm-bn
sX-c-sª-Sp-¯-Xv: 2020 G-{]nÂ
23 sXm-«v {_n-«³, {_-koÂ, Z-£n-
Wm-{^n-¡ F-¶o cm-Py-§-fnÂ
B-sI 23848 t]-sc F³-
tdmÄ sN-bv-Xn-«p-Å \m-ev hn-hn-[
{S-b-ep-I-fn c-s@®-¯n-sâ
I-ss¼³-Uv ^-e-am-Wv ]qÄ sN-
bv-Xv C-t¸mÄ sX-fn-hm-bn {]-kn-
²o-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.
2 P\phcn 2021

]-co-£-W-¯n-sâ C-S-¡m-e hn-i-I-e-\ ^-e-
§Ä Un-kw-_À 8\v em³-sk-än (Lancet)
{]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨v h-¶n-«p@v. C-Xn-\v {_n-«¬
A-S-¡w tem-I-s¯-hn-tS-bpw C-Xp-h-sc A-Sn-
b-´-c B-h-iy-¯n-\v B-bn A-\p-a-Xn e-`n-¨n-
«n-Ã. ^-e-§-fn Nn-e kw-i-b-§Ä \n-e-\
nÂ-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-em-Wv hn-Z-Kv-[À C-§-s\ Iq-Sp-
XÂ ]-cn-tim-[n-¡m³ Xo-cp-am-\n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.
{]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸-« Cu te-J-\-¯n-eq-sS Cu
hm-I-vkn-sâ K-th-j-W-^-e-§Ä H-cp hn-i-I-
e-\-¯n-\m-Wv C-hn-sS {i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.
2 P\phcn 2021
hm-I-vkn³ \Â-In-b-h-cn 7 t]
À-¡pw A-Ãm-¯-h-cn 11 t]
À-¡pw tcm-K-e-£-W-sam-¶pw
D@m-Im-sX tIm-hn-Uv
t]m-kn-äo-hv B-bn-«p@v. hm-I-v
kn³ C-Xpw Ip-d-¨-Xm-bn Im-Wmw.
]-t£ C-h-cn ^-e-{]m-
]v-Xn D-s@¶v {]-kv-Xm-hn-¨n-«p-
s@¦n-epw \Â-I-s¸-« tUm-kp
Xn-cn-¨v C-h-cn-se I-W-¡p-IÄ
hy-à-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ã. Kp-cp-X-c tcm-K-
ap@m-b ]-¯p-t]-cpw I¬-t{SmÄ
{Kq-¸n-ep-Å-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p.
Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§Ä
D@m-b-Xv hm-I-vkn³ {Kq-¸n³ 84
Dw a-tä {Kq-¸n 91 am-bn-cp-¶p.
hm-I-vkn³ {Kq-¸n c@v-t]À-¡pw
I¬-t{SmÄ {Kq-¸n H-cmÄ-¡pw
{Sm³-th-gv-kv ssa-e-äo-kv (\m-Uo-
tcm-Kw) D@m-bn-«p@v. C-h-sbm-
¶pw hm-I-vkn³ aq-ew t\-cn-«p@m-
b-X-sÃ-¶v kz-X-{´ tam-Wn-«-dnw-Kv
I-½n-än km-£y-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p@v.
29
 tIm-tdm-W ssh-d-kn-sâ {]-X-e-¯n-ep-Å
kv-ss]-¡v t{]m-«o\n-s\ (Spike protein) Po-\p-IÄ
thÀ-Xn-cn-s¨-Sp-¯v a-\p-jy-sc tZm-j-I-c-am-bn
_m-[n-¡m-¯ Nn-¼m³-kn-I-fn Im-Wp-¶
A-Un-t\m-ssh-d-kp-I-fn hm-l-I-cm-bn (Vector)
Cw-¹m³-dv sN-bv-Xm-Wv Cu hm-I-vkn³ \nÀ-an-¨n-
«p-ÅX - v. a-\p-jy-sc _m-[n-¡p-¶ A-Un-t\m-ssh-d-
kp-I-sf (Adeno virus) D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmÂ
Nn-e-t¸mÄ t\-c-s¯ X-s¶ Cu ssh-d-kv
_m-[n-¨-h-cn-ep-Å {]-Xn-tcm-[w (Antibodies) hm-
I-v-kn³ D@m-¡p-¶ {]-Xn-tcm-[-s¯ \-in-¸n-
¡m³ km-[y-X D-Å-Xv sIm@m-Wv K-th-j-IÀ
Nn-¼m³-kn-bn-se ChAdOx1 F-¶ ssh-d-kp-
I-sf hm-I-vkn³ hm-l-I-cm-bn sX-c-sª-Sp-¯-
Xv: 2020 G-{]n 23 sXm-«v {_n-«³, {_-koÂ,
Z-£n-Wm-{^n-¡ F-¶o cm-Py-§-fn B-sI
23848 t]-sc F³-tdmÄ sN-bv-Xn-«p-Å \m-ev hn-
hn-[ {S-b-ep-I-fn c-s@®-¯n-sâ I-ss¼³-Uv
^-e-am-Wv ]qÄ sN-bv-Xv C-t¸mÄ sX-fn-hm-bn
{]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. C-Xp-{]-Im-cw Um-ä tem-
¡v sN-bv-X \-hw-_À 4 h-sc-bp-Å hm-I-vkn-sâ
c@v tUm-kp-I-fpw e-`n-¨ B-sI 11,636 t]-cp-sS
hn-h-c-§-fm-Wv C-Xn hn-i-I-e-\w sN-bv-Xn-«p-
Å-Xv. C-h-cn 7,548 t]À {_n-«-\n-epw 4,088 t]
À {_-ko-en-ep-Å-h-cpw B-Wv (Trail 2,3). hm-I-v
kn³ \nÀ-an-¨v \Â-In-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv C-ä-en-bn-se
A-Uzâ v, {_n-«-\n-se tIm-{_m _-tbm-f-Pn-I-v
kp-am-Wv.
]-co-£-W-¯n dn-{Iq-«v sN-bv-X h-f@n-bÀ-
amÀ 18 h-b-Ên-\v ta-ep-Å-h-cm-Wv. C-h-cnÂ
55%t¯m-fw t]À kv-{Xo-I-fpw A-¼-¯-©v h-b-
30
Ên-\v ap-I-fn-ep-Å-hÀ 12%hp-am-Wv. C-h-cnÂ
{]-ta-lw c-à-k-½À-Zw Xp-S-§n-b tcm-K-ap-Å-
hÀ B-dp i-X-am-\-¯n-epw Xm-sg-bp-am-Wv.
h-f@n-bÀ-am-cn \-sÃm-cp hn-`m-K-hpw Iq-Sp-XÂ
D-bÀ-¶ ^-ew In-«n-b {Kq-¸n-se
h-f@n-bÀ-amÀ ap-gp-h³ 55 h-b-
Ên Xm-sg-bp-Å B-tcm-Ky-ap-Å
s]m-Xp-sh C-ayq-Wn-än Iq-Sn-b
sN-dp-¸-¡m-cm-bn-cp-¶p. C-h-cnÂ
Iq-Sp-XÂ {]mb-ap-Å-h-tcm a-äv
dn-k-vIv-{Kq-¸nÂ-s¸-«-h-tcm D@m-bn-
cp-¶n-Ã. A-Xn-\m C-Xn-sâ Xp-SÀ
]T-\-§Ä-¡v {]-tXy-I-am-bn Nn-e-
t¸mÄ C-h-sc-bpw-Iq-Sn DÄ-s¸-Sp-
¯n ]p-Xn-b {S-b \-S-¯-W-sa-¶
A`n{]mbam-Wv K-th-j-IÀ ap-
t¶m-«v sh-¨n-«p-Å-X-. v-
s]m-Xp-th C-t¸mÄ ]T-\w \-S-¯n-
b-h-cn `m-hn-bn hm-I-vkn³
G-ä-hpw B-h-iy-ap-Å A-¼-¯-©v
h-b-Ên-\v ta-te D-Å-hÀ Ip-d-hm-bn-
cp-¶p.(12% am-{Xw) A-Xn-\mÂ
{]m-b-am-b-h-cn C-Xn-sâ
^-e-{]m-]v-Xn C-Xn-eq-sS sX-fn-bn-
¡m-\m-bn-«n-Ã.
2 P\phcn 2021
A-Wp-_m-[-¡v Iq-Sp-XÂ km-[y-X-bp-Å B-tcm-
Ky {]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-am-Wv. Xp-ey-am-bn 1:1 A-\p-]
m-X-¯n F³-tdmÄ sN-¿-s¸-« C-h-cn ]-co-
£-W {Kq-¸n-ep-Å-hÀ-¡v 5× 10¹° ssh-d-kv ]
mÀ-«n-¡nÄ A-S-§n-b 2 tUm-kv hm-I-vkn-\pw
I¬- t {SmÄ {Kq- ¸ n- e p- Å - h À- ¡ v ¹m- k n-
t_m(placebo)B-bn "sa-\n-t©m tIm-¡Â hm-
I-v-kn-t\m' ({_n-«³) t\mÀ-a k-sse³ Ip-
¯n- s h- b v - t ¸m({_- k oÂ)B- W v \n- Ý n- X
C-S-th-f-I-fn \Â-In-bn-«p-Å-Xv (Single blind
method). C-Xn X-s¶ {_n-«-\n-ep-Å {Kq-¸n-se
2,741 t]À-¡v B-Zy tUm-kv \n-Ý-b tUm-kn-
t\-¡m-fpw Ip-d-¨m-Wv \Â-In-b-Xv(Low Dose 2·2
× 10¹° ). C-Xv B-Zy-ta D-Å t{]m-t«m-t¡mÄ
{]-Im-c-a-sÃ-¶pw co-Xn-im-kv-{X-¯n-se c@p-X-
cw Izm@n-än A-f-hv hy-Xym-kw sIm@v h-¶-
Xm-sW-¶p-am-Wv C-Xn hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
hm-I-vkn-\p-IÄ In-«m-\p-Å Xm-a-kw aq-ew ap³-
\n-Ý-bn-¨ {]-Im-cw ]-e-t¸m-gpw c@m-a-s¯
tUm-kv 28þm-a-s¯ Zn-h-kw \Â-Im³ ]-än-bn-
«n-Ã. A-Xn-\m ^pÄ-tUm-kv \Â-I-s¸-«-h-cnÂ
tUm-kp-I-fp-sS C-S-th-f i-cm-i-cn 12 B-gv-N-bpw
tem tUm-kv \Â-In-b-h-cn C-S-th-f 6 B-gv-
N-bp-am-bn-«p@v F-¶p dn-t¸mÀ-«n ]-cm-aÀ-in-
¡p-¶p@v.
C-h-cn c@v tUm-kp-IÄ \Â-In ]-Xn-\m-
ev Zn-h-k-§Ä-¡p-Ån D@m-bn-«p-Å tIm-hn-
Uv tcm-K-e-£-W-§-fpw em-_v-]-cn-tim-[-\
2 P\phcn 2021
c@v tUm-kp-IÄ \Â-In-b-Xn-se
C-S-th-f B-dv B-gv-N-I-fn Xm-sg-
bp-Å-h-cn-se ^-e-{]m-
]v-Xn 53% h-sc Ip-d-hm-bpw B-dp
B-gv-N-IÄ-¡v ap-I-fn D-Å-h-
cn ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn 65%¯n\p ap-I-
fn h-sc D-b-cp-¶-Xpw `m-hn-bnÂ
tUm-kp-IÄ-¡n-S-bn C-S-th-f
\n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶-Xn kw-i-bw
D@m-¡p-¶p@v. Cu {S-b-en-s\
kw-_-Ôn-¨v C-§-s\ ho@pw
tNm-Zy-§Ä D-bÀ-¯p-¶p@v.
C-Xn-\v te-J-\-¯n B-Zyw kq-Nn-
¸n-¨ {]m-Y-an-I ^pÄ tUm-kn-se
D-bÀ-¶ {]-Xn-tcm-[w c@m-a-s¯
tUm-kn-s\ \yq-{S-sse-kv sN-¿m-
sa-¶pw, A-Xn-\m B-Zy-t¯Xv
sN-dn-b tUm-km-bn \Â-In-bmÂ
A-Xv i-co-c-¯n H-cp "ss{]-anw-
Kv 'B-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¨v c@m-a-s¯
tUm-kn-s\ D-t¯-Pn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-
Im-sa-¶pw hn-Z-Kv-[ A-\p-am-\-§-
fp@v.
31
^-e-§-fp-am-Wv ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn-¡m-bn F³-Uv t]
m-bnâ v B-bn hn-e-bn-cp-¯n-b-Xv. ]p-d-¯v-\n-¶v
em-_v sS-Ìv \-S-¯n-b-h-sc ho@pw A-k-Êv
sN-bv-Xn-«p-ap@v. Iq-Sm-sX tIm-hn-Uv e-£-W-an-
Ãm-sX-bp-Å A-Wp-_m-[-bp@m-sb-¶-dn-bm
-\m-bn(sub clinical infection)B-gv-N-tXm-dpw kzm-_v
]-cn-tim-[-\-IÄ sN-bv-Xn-«p@v. C-§-s\ sub
clinical infection D-Å-h-sc-bpw Iq-Sn ]-cn-tim-
[n-¡p-¶ G-I hm-I-vkn³ {S-b F-¶ {]-tXy-
I-X-bpw C-Xn-\v D@v. C-h-cn-se ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§Ä
hn-e-bn-cp-¯n-b-Xv Zn-h-k-hpw sS-en-t^m¬ ap-
tJ-\-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
B-sI h-f@n-bÀ-am-cn ]-Xn-\m-ev Zn-h-k-
§Ä-¡p-Ån 131 tcm-K-e-£-W-§-tfm-Sv Iq-Sn-b
tIm-hn-Uv tI-kp-IÄ dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿-s¸-«-XnÂ
30 F-®w am-{X-ta hm-I-vkn³ \Â-In-b-h-cnÂ
D@m-bn-«p-Åp. F-¶m B-Zyw tem-tUm-kpw
c@m-a-Xv ^pÄ-tUm-kpw \Â-In-b-h-cn ^-e-{]
m-]v-Xn 90% hpw(67.4 sXm-«v 97%) c@v ^pÄ-tUm-
kv F-Sp-¯-h-cn 62%(41 sXm-«p 75.7%) hp-am-Wv.
C-Xn-sâ i-cm-i-cn F-Sp-¯n-«p-Å ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn
70.4. %(54.8 sXm-«v 86.6%) bm-Wv C-hÀ X-§-fp-
sS hm-I-vkn-\v \Â-In-bn-«p-Å-Xv. tcm-K-e-£-W-
an-Ãm-sX-bpw t]m-kn-äo-hv B-b-h-cp-sS F-®-hpw
Iq-«n-bm B-sI 149 t]À D@m-bn-cp-¶p:(A-\p-]
m-Xw 37: 112 B-Wv). hm-I-vkn³ \Â-In-b-h-cnÂ
7 t]À-¡pw A-Ãm-¯-h-cn 11 t]À-¡pw tcm-K-
e- £ - W - s am- ¶ pw D@m- I m- s X tIm- h n- U v
t]m-kn-äo-hv B-bn-«p@v. hm-I-vkn³ C-Xpw Ip-d-
¨-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. ]-t£ C-h-cn ^-e-{]m-
]v - X n D- s @¶v {]- k v - X m- h n- ¨ n- « p- s @¦n- e pw
\Â-I-s¸-« tUm-kp Xn-cn-¨v C-h-cn-se I-W-¡p-
IÄ hy-à-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ã. Kp-cp-X-c tcm-K-ap@m-b
]-¯p-t]-cpw I¬-t{SmÄ {Kq-¸n-ep-Å-h-cm-bn-cp-
¶p.
Kp-cp-X-c-am-b ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§Ä D@m-b-Xv
hm-I-vkn³ {Kq-¸n³ 84 Dw a-tä {Kq-¸n 91 am-bn-
cp-¶p. hm-I-vkn³ {Kq-¸n c@v-t]À-¡pw I¬-
t{SmÄ {Kq-¸n H-cmÄ-¡pw {Sm³-th-gv-kv ssa-e-
äo-kv (\m-Uo-tcm-Kw) D@m-bn-«p@v. C-hs - bm-¶pw
hm-I-vkn³ aq-ew t\-cn-«p@m-b-X-sÃ-¶v kz-X-{´
tam-Wn-«-dnw-Kv I-½n-än km-£y-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p@v.
B-sI ]T-\-{Kq-¸n Cu k-a-b-¯v 4 a-c-W-§Ä
dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿-s¸-«-Xn 3 F-®-hpw I¬-t{SmÄ
32
{Kq-¸n B-bn-cp-¶p. F-Ãm a-c-W-§-fpw C-Xp-
am-bn _-Ô-s¸-Sm-sX a-äv Im-c-W-§Ä-sIm@v
D@m-b-Xp-am-Wv.
hm-I-vkn-sâ ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn(Efficacy)tem-Im-
tcm-Ky kw-L-S-\ \n-Ý-bn-¨ 50%¯n-\v ap-I-fnÂ
B-sW-¦n-epw {]-Y-a tUm-kv B-Zyw \n-Ý-bn-
¡- s ¸- « - X n- e pw sN- d n- b tUm- k v \Â- I n- b -
h-cn-se D-bÀ-¶ ^-e-§Ä X-½n-ep-Å ^-e-§-
fp-sS hy-Xym-kw(90-þ62 = 28%)F-´p-sIm-s@
¶pw, C-Xn-sâ ^-ew Xp-SÀ-¶v ]-co-£-W-¯n-\p
]p-d-¯p P-\-§-fn-epw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ In-
«p-tam F-¶pw ]-cn-tim-[-I-cn kw-i-bw D-bÀ-
¯n-bn-«p@v. C-Xv hm-I-vkn-sâ "]-c-am-h-[n'tUm-
kv \n-Ýb - n-¡p-¶X - n-epw hn-ja
- w D@m-¡p-¶p@v.
H-I-vkv-t^mÀ-Uv hm-I-vkn-\nÂ-\n-
¶v C-´y-bn-se kn-dw C³-Ìn-äyq-«v
hn-I-kn-¸n-¨ tIm-hn joÂ-Uv (Covi
shield Vaccine) hm-I-vkn-sâ aq-¶mw
L-« ]-co-£-Ww C-´y-bn-se hn-hn-[
skâ-dp-I-fn \-S-¶v h-cn-I-bm-
Wv. C-Xn 3:1 A-\p-]m-X-¯n³
1,200 t]À-¡v C hm-I-vkn³ 900:
I¬-t{SmÄ 300 A-\p-]m-X-¯nÂ)
hm-I-vkn-\pw ¹m-kn-t_m-bpw 28
Zn-h-k-s¯ C-S-th-f-I-fn c@v
tUm-kp-IÄ \Â-In \m-ev B-gv-N
I-gn-ªv tIm-hn-Up ssh-d-
kn-\v F-Xn-sc B³-dn-t_m-Un-IÄ
(Ig G Antibody) D@m-Ip-¶-Xv t\m-
¡n-bm-Wv ^-ew \nÀ-W-bn-¡p-¶-Xv.
H-¸w Kp-cp-X-c ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§-fpw
Xp-e-\w sN-¿pw. C-Xn-sâ t{]m-t«m-
t¡mÄ {]-Im-cw tcm-Km-Wp-_m-[-
I-tfm, a-äv hm-I-vkn³ ]T-\-§-fnÂ
D-Å-Xv-t]m-se h-f@n-bÀ-am-cn-se
tIm-hn-Uv tcm-K _m-[-tbm tcm-K-
e-£-W-§-tfm F³-Uv t]m-bnâ v
B-bn hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-¶p-an-Ã.
2 P\phcn 2021
c@v tUm-kp-IÄ \Â-In-b-Xn-se C-S-th-f B-dv
B-gv-N-I-fn Xm-sg-bp-Å-h-cn-se ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn
53% h-sc Ip-d-hm-bpw B-dp B-gv-N-IÄ-¡v ap-
I-fn D-Å-h-cn ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn 65% \p ap-I-
fn h-sc D-b-cp-¶-Xpw `m-hn-bn tUm-kp-IÄ-
¡n-Sb- n C-St- h-f \n-Ýb- n-¡p-¶X- n kw-ib - w
D@m-¡p-¶p@v. Cu {S-b-en-s\ kw-_-Ôn-¨v
C-§-s\ ho@pw tNm-Zy-§Ä D-bÀ-¯p-¶p@v.
C-Xn-\v te-J-\-¯n B-Zyw kq-Nn-¸n-¨ {]
m-Y-an-I ^pÄ tUm-kn-se D-bÀ-¶ {]-Xn-tcm-[w
c@m-a-s¯ tUm-kn-s\ \yq-{S-sse-kv sN-¿m-
sa-¶pw, A-Xn-\m B-Zy-t¯Xv sN-dn-b tUm-
km-bn \Â-In-bm A-Xv i-co-c-¯n H-cp
"ss{]-anw-Kv'B-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¨v c@m-a-s¯
tUm-kn-s\ D-t¯-Pn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Im-sa-¶pw
hn-Z-Kv-[ A-\p-am-\-§-fp@v. Cu Xn-b-dn km-[q-
I-cn-¨v d-jy³ \nÀ-an-X Øq-Sv-\n-Iv 5 hm-I-vkn³
B-Zy tUm-kn A-Un-t\m ssh-d-kv 25 Dw
c@mw tUm-kn hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn A-Un-t\m
ssh-d-kv 5 kv-ss{S-\p-IÄ am-dn-bm-Wv \Â-Ip-
¶-Xv.(C-Xn-sâ aq-¶mw-L-« ]-co-£-W-hpw C-´y-
bn C-t¸mÄ \-S-¶p-h-cp-¶p@v) ss^-k-dn-sâ
hm-I-vkn-s\ A-t]-£n-¨v Hm-I-vkv-t^mÀ-Uv hm-
I-v-kn-sâ ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn Ip-d-hm-sW-¦n-epw (95:60)
sN-e-hv Np-cp-§n-bpw(200 sXm-«v 300 cq-]) km-
[m-c-W \n-e-hn-ep-Å io-Xn-I-c-W kw-hn-[m-\-
§Ä am-{Xw a-Xn-bm-Ip-¶-Xpam-b-Xn-\m Iq-Sp-
X cm-Py-§-fn D-]-tbm-K-{]-Z-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
tIm-Ìv s_-\-^n-äv A-\m-en-kn-kv t\m-¡n-bmÂ
km-¼-¯n-I-am-bn em-`-I-c-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
]-t£ C-hÀ ]-co-£-Ww \-S-¯n-b co-Xn-I-
fpw hn-i-I-e-\-§-fpw F-¯n-b \n-K-a-\-§-fpw
]qÀ-W-am-bpw kw-i-bm-Xo-X-a-Ã, ]-e im-kv-{X-
Ú-cn-epw tNm-Zy-§-fpw kw-i-b-§-fpw D-bÀ-
¯p-¶p@v. C-h-¡v A-Sn-b-´c-am-bn D-¯-cw
\Â-tI@Xp@v..
2 P\phcn 2021
hm-I-vkn-sâ ^-e-{]m-
]v-Xn(Efficacy)tem-Im-tcm-Ky
kw-L-S-\ \n-Ý-bn-¨ 50%¯n-
\v ap-I-fn B-sW-¦n-epw
{]-Y-a tUm-kv B-Zyw \n-Ý-bn-
¡-s¸-«-Xn-epw sN-dn-b tUm-
kv \Â-In-b-h-cn-se D-bÀ-¶
^-e-§Ä X-½n-ep-Å ^-e-§-
fp-sS hy-Xym-kw(90-þ62 =
28%)F-´p-sIm-s@
¶pw, C-Xn-sâ ^-ew Xp-SÀ-¶v
]-co-£-W-¯n-\p ]p-d-¯p
P-\-§-fn-epw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-
t¼mÄ In-«p-tam F-¶pw
]-cn-tim-[-I-cn kw-i-bw
D-bÀ-¯n-bn-«p@v. C-Xv hm-
I-v-kn-sâ "]-c-am-h-[n'tUm-kv
\n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-epw hn-j-aw
D@m-¡p-¶p@v.
1. B-Zy-t¯-Xv {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸-« ^-ew
t{]m-t«m-t¡mÄ {]-Im-cw H-cp co-Xn-im-kv-{X
{]-Im-cw \-S-¯-s¸-« H-cp ]T-\-¯n-sâ ^-e-a-Ã.
]-I-cw \-S-¯-s¸-« hn-hn-[ ]T-\-§-fn \n-¶v
sX-c-sª-Sp-¯ ]qÄ sN-bv-X hn-h-c-§-fm-
Wv(Selected pooled data)B-sI 24,000 t]À ]-s¦-
Sp-¯ ]T-\-¯n 11,000 t¯m-fw t]-cp-sS ^-e
hn-i-I-e-\w am-{X-am-Wn-Xv({_n-«¬, {_koÂ)
F-¶pw Nn-e hn-Z-Kv-[À A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
(Nature Dec 8)
2. K-th-j-IÀ-¡v hm-I-vkn-sâ Hm-]v-än-aw tUm-
33
kv F-{X-bm-sW-¶v hy-à-am-¡m-t\m F-´p-
sIm@m-Wv B-Zy hm-I-vkn³ sN-dn-b tUm-knÂ
\Â-In-b-h-cn c@v X-h-W-bpw \n-Ý-bn-¡-s¸-«
^pÄ-tUm-kv \Â-In-b-h-tc-¡m-fpw \-Ã ^-e-
{]m-]v-Xn In-«n-b-sX-¶v i-cn-bm-bn hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡m-
hmIv-kn-sâ
co-Xn-im-kv{Xw
a-cp-¶v ]-co-£-W-¯n-sâ B-Zy-s¯ L-«-¯nÂ(Phase1) tcm-Kn-I-f-Ãm-¯
X-¿m-dm-Ip-¶ Ip-d-¨v h-f@n-bÀ-amÀ-¡v sIm-Sp-¯v i-co-c-¯n-se {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-
fpw k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpw a-\-Ên-em-¡n A-Xv A-]-I-S-I-c-a-sÃ-¶v sX-fn-bn-¡-Ww.
A-]-I-Sw F-{X-bp-s@¶pw ]Tn-¡-Ww. Iq-Sp-X-ep-s@¦n ]-co-£-Ww Cu
L-«-¯n X-s¶ A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡-Ww.
im -kv-{Xo-b-X-bp-sS ]p-Xn-b Im-e-
¯v a-cp-¶p-I-fp-sS D-]-tbm-K-
¯n-\p sX-fn-hp-IÄ B-h-iy-
ap@v. A-Xv F-§-s\-bm-Wv a-\p-jy-i-co-c-¯nÂ
{]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv F-¶v sX-fn-bn-¡-Ww. B-Zy-
am-bn H-cp a-cp-¶v I@p-]n-Sn-¨m A-Xv ]-co-£-
W-ar-K-§-fnÂ(Kn-\n¸-¶n-I-fn-tem F-en-I-fn-
tem) ]-co-£n-¡-s¸-S-Ww. B-\n-a F-Iv-kv-
]n-cn-saâ v F-Ãmw hn-P-b-I-c-am-bm A-Xv a-
\p- j y- c n hn- P - b n- ¡ - W - s a- ¶ n- à . B
-\n-a F-Iv-kv-]n-cn-saâ v hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn ]qÀ-
¯n-I-cn-¡-s¸-«v A-Xm-Xv cm-Py-§-fn-se \n-b-
{´-W Øm-]-\-§Ä Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p-I-gn-ªmÂ
a-\p-jy-cn ]-co-£n-¡mw. aq-¶v kv-tä-Pp-I-fm-
bm-Wv a-\p-jy-cn ¢n-\n-¡Â {S-b \-S-¯p-
¶-Xv. H-cp ]p-Xn-b Hu-j-[w/hm-Iv-kn³ amÀ-¡-
34
t\m ]-än-bn-«n-Ã.
3. D-bÀ-¶ ^-ew In-«n-b {Kq-¸n-se h-f@n-
bÀ-amÀ ap-gp-h³ 55 h-b-Ên Xm-sg-bp-Å
B-tcm-Ky-ap-Å s]m-Xp-sh C-ayq-Wn-än Iq-Sn-b
sN-dp-¸-¡m-cm-bn-cp-¶p. C-h-cn Iq-Sp-XÂ
{]mb-ap-Å-h-tcm a-äv dn-k-vIv-{Kq-¸nÂ-s¸-«-h-tcm
D@m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. A-Xn-\m C-Xn-sâ Xp-SÀ ]
T-\-§Ä-¡v {]-tXy-I-am-bn Nn-e-t¸mÄ C-h-sc-
bpw-Iq-Sn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n ]p-Xn-b {S-b \-S-¯-
W-sa-¶ A`n{]mbam-Wv K-th-j-IÀ ap-t¶m-«v
sh-¨n-«p-Å-X-.v-
4. s]m-Xp-th C-t¸mÄ ]T-\w \-S-¯n-b-h-cnÂ
`m-hn-bn hm-I-vkn³ G-ä-hpw B-h-iy-ap-Å
A-¼-¯-©v h-b-Ên-\v ta-te D-Å-hÀ Ip-d-hm-
bn-cp-¶p.(12% am-{Xw) A-Xn-\m {]m-b-am-b-h-
cn C-Xn-sâ ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn C-Xn-eq-sS sX-fn-bn-
¡m-\m-bn-«n-Ã.
5. ]-s¦-Sp-¯-h-cn Iq-Sp-X t]-cpw B-tcm-
Ky {]-hÀ-¯-I-cm-bn-cp-¶-Xn hy-àn kp-c-£m
\-S-]-Sn-IÄ Ir-Xy-am-bn ]m-en-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ {Kq-¸v
äv sN-¿-W-sa-¦n C-¯-cw aq-¶v ]-co-£-W
L-«-§Ä hn-P-bn-¡-Ww. ]-g-b a-cp-¶v X-s¶
a-äv ]p-Xn-b tcm-K-§Ä-¡v \Â-Ip-t¼m-gpw C-§-
s\-bp-Å ]-co-£-W-§Ä \-S-¯n sX-fn-hp-IÄ
\Â-I-Ww. (D-Zm: t¢m-tdm-Izn³, kv-sä-tdm-bn-Up-
IÄ, ¹m-kv-a Nn-In-Õ F-¶n-h-bp-sS tIm-hn-Uv
tcm-Kn-I-fn-ep-Å D-]-tbm-Kw)
a-cp-¶v ]-co-£-W-¯n-sâ B-Zy-s¯ L-«-
¯nÂ(Phase1) tcm-Kn-I-f-Ãm-¯ X-¿m-dm-Ip-¶
Ip-d-¨v h-f@n-bÀ-amÀ-¡v sIm-Sp-¯v i-co-c-¯n-
se {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fpw k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpw a-\-
Ên-em-¡n A-Xv A-]-I-S-I-c-a-sÃ-¶v sX-fn-bn-
¡-Ww. A-]-I-Sw F-{X-bp-s@¶pw ]Tn-¡-Ww.
Iq-Sp-X-ep-s@¦n ]-co-£-Ww Cu L-«-¯nÂ
X-s¶ A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡-Ww. c@m-a-s¯ L-«-
¯n (Phase2) a-cp-¶v D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v Nn-In-Õn-
2 P\phcn 2021
B-b-Xn-\m C-tX ^-ew ]p-d-ta-bp-Škm-[m-
c-W P-\-§-fn hym-]-I-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡-
s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ e-`n-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. Cu {S-b-enÂ
G-jy³ hw-i-P-cpw Im-cy-am-bn DÄ-s¸-«n-«n-Ã.
6. A-Xp-t]m-se (a-äv tIm-hn-Uv hm-I-vkn³
]-co-£-W-§Ä-t]m-se)hm-I-vkn-sâ {]-Xn-tcm-
[w F-{X \mÄ \o@v-\nÂ-¡p-sa-¶pw C-Xv
H-cm-fnÂ-\n-¶v a-äp-Å-h-cn-te-¡v A-Wp-_m-[
]-S-cp-¶-Xv X-S-bp-sa-¶-Xpw ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-¡n-
bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
hmÂI-jv-Ww:
H-I-vkv-t^mÀ-Uv hm-I-vkn-\nÂ-\n-¶v C-´y-bn-
se kn-dw C³-Ìn-äyq-«v hn-I-kn-¸n-¨ tIm-hn
j o  - U v (Covi shield Vaccine ) h m -
I-v-kn-sâ aq-¶mw L-« ]-co-£-Ww C-´y-bn-se
hn-hn-[ skâ-dp-I-fn \-S-¶v h-cn-I-bm-Wv.
C-Xn 3:1 A-\p-]m-X-¯n³ 1,200 t]À-¡v C
hm-I-v kn³ 900: I¬-t{SmÄ 300 A-\p-]m-X-
¯nÂ) hm-I-vkn-\pw ¹m-kn-t_m-bpw 28 Zn-h-
¡m³ D-t±-in-¡p-¶ Ip-d-¨p tcm-Kn-I-sf Xn-c-
sª- S p- ¯ v A- X n- s â kp- c - £ n- X - X z- h pw,
tUm-kpw, ^-e-hpw, ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§-fpw a-\-Ên-
em-¡-Ww. aq-¶mw-L-«-¯n (Phase3) hn-hn-[
Ø-e-§-fnÂ-\n-¶pw Iq-Sp-XÂ F-®w tcm-Kn-
2 P\phcn 2021
k-s¯ C-S-th-f-I-fn c@v tUm-kp-IÄ \Â-
In \m-ev B-gv-N I-gn-ªv tIm-hn-Up ssh-d-
kn-\v F-Xn-sc B³-dn-t_m-Un-IÄ (Ig G Antibody)
D@m-Ip-¶-Xv t\m-¡n-bm-Wv ^-ew \nÀ-W-bn-
¡p-¶-Xv. H-¸w Kp-cp-X-c ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§-fpw Xp-
e-\w sN-¿pw. C-Xn-sâ t{]m-t«m-t¡mÄ {]-Im-cw
tcm-Km-Wp-_m-[-I-tfm, a-äv hm-I-vkn³ ]T-\-§-
fn D-Å-Xv-t]m-se h-f@n-bÀ-am-cn-se tIm-hn-
Uv tcm-K _m-[-tbm tcm-K-e-£-W-§-tfm F³-
Uv t]m-bnâ v B-bn hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-¶p-an-Ã.
Hm-I-vkv-t^mÀ-Uv hm-I-vkn-sâ \nÀ-am-W sse-
k³-kv t\-Sn-b C-´y-bn-se ko-dw C³-Ìn-äyq-«v
sa-bv am-kw sXm-«v Cu hm-I-vkn-sâ e-£-¡-
W-¡n-\v tUm-kp-IÄ \nÀ-an-¨v h-cp-¶p@v. {S-
b ]qÀ-¯n-bm-bn ^-ew {U-Kv I¬-t{SmÄ
P-\-d-en-\v ap-¼n k-aÀ-¸n-¨m ]-cn-tim-[n-¨v
C-Xn-\v C-´y-bn A-\p-a-Xn In-«p-I-bpw cm-Py-
¯m-sI hn-X-c-Ww sN-¿-s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN-¿m-\m-
Wv km-[y-X.
Courtesy: luca.co.in
I-fm-b B-fp-I-sf Xn-c-sª-Sp-¯v B-Wv a-cp-
¶n-sâ "F-^n-¡-kn' ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xv. A-Xn-\v
kz-ta-[-bm k-½-Xw X-cp-¶ tcm-Kn-I-sf {]-tXy-
I-am-bn Xn-cs
- ª-Sp-t¡@Xp@v. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw
A-hs - c Xm-cX- a - m-¡n (Experimental,
- y {Kq-¸p-If
35
Cotnrol) Xn-cn-¨v B-Zy-{Kq-¸n-\v ]p-Xn-b a-cp-¶pw
c@m-a-s¯ {Kq-¸n-\v ap³-]v \Â-In-h-cp-¶ Hu-
j-[-tam, C-sÃ-¦n ¹-kn-t_m a-cp-t¶m \Â-I-
Ww. C-Xv \-S-¯p-¶ tcm-Kn-I-fp-sS F-®w(Sample
size) Ìm-än-Ìn-¡-em-bn B-h-iy-ap-Å F-®w
D@m-I-Ww. G-Xv {Kq-¸n-em-Wv X-§Ä DÄ-s¸-
«n-«p-Å-sX-¶v Cu tcm-Kn-IÄ A-dn-bm³ ]m-Sn-Ã.
C-Xn-\v ti-jw \n-Ý-bn-¡-s¸-« C-S-th-f-I-fnÂ
C-h-sc \n-co-£n-¨p c@p {Kq-¸p-I-fn-epw ^-e-§-
fpw, ]mÀ-iz ^-e-§-fpw hn-i-I-e-\w sN-¿-Ww.
]mÀ-iz-^-e-§Ä Iq-Sp-X D@m-Ip-I-bm-sW-
¦n A-hn-sS ]-co-£-Ww \nÀ-¯-Ww. dn-kv-Iv-
I-fpw ^-e-§-fpw hn-e-bn-cp-¯pw. F-¶n-«v am-{X-
ta ]p-Xn-b a-cp-¶v Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-Åq.
C-§-s\ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-«m A-Xv amÀ-¡-äv
sN-¿m³ A-\p-a-Xn In-«pw. A-Xn-\p ti-jw ZoÀ-
L-Im-ew \m-emw L-« a-cp-¶n-sâ kp-c-£n-X-Xzw
\n-co-£n-¡p-¶p. C-Xn ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§Ä
I-s@¯p-I-bm-sW-¦n a-cp-¶v ]n³-h-en-¡-
s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN-¿pw. C-§-s\-b-Ãm-sX Xm-c-X-
ay-{Kq-¸v C-Ãm-sX Ip-d-¨p tcm-Kn-IÄ-¡v am-{Xw
a-cp-¶v \Â-In \n-co-£-Ww \-S-¯n-b-Ã a-cp-¶p-
IÄ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. C-Xn tcm-Kn-I-sf
Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xpw, c@p {Kq-¸p-I-fn-te-¡pw
tcm-Kn-I-sf thÀ-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw, ]-co-£-Ww
\-S-¯p-¶ B-fn-sâ ku-I-cy-¯n-\m-I-cp-Xv,
"dm³-Uw'(Random) co-Xn-bn B-I-Ww. A-Xn-
36
G-Xv {Kq-¸n-em-Wv X-§Ä DÄ-s¸-«n-«p-
Å-sX-¶v Cu tcm-Kn-IÄ A-dn-bm³
]m-Sn-Ã. C-Xn-\v ti-jw \n-Ý-bn-
¡-s¸-« C-S-th-f-I-fn C-h-sc \n-co-
£n-¨p c@p {Kq-¸p-I-fn-epw ^-e-§-
fpw, ]mÀ-iz ^-e-§-fpw hn-i-I-e-\w
sN-¿-Ww. ]mÀ-iz-^-e-§Ä Iq-Sp-XÂ
D@m-Ip-I-bm-sW-¦n A-hn-sS
]-co-£-Ww \nÀ-¯-Ww. dn-kv-Iv-I-fpw
^-e-§-fpw hn-e-bn-cp-¯pw. F-¶n-«v
am-{X-ta ]p-Xn-b a-cp-¶v Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-
s¸-Sp-I-bp-Åq. C-§-s\ Aw-Ko-I-cn-
¡-s¸-«m A-Xv amÀ-¡-äv sN-¿m³
A-\p-a-Xn In-«pw. A-Xn-\p ti-jw ZoÀ-
L-Im-ew \m-emw L-« a-cp-¶n-sâ kp-c-
£n-X-Xzw \n-co-£n-¡p-¶p. C-XnÂ
]mÀ-iz-^-e-§Ä I-s@¯p-I-bm-sW-
¦n a-cp-¶v ]n³-h-en-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw
sN-¿pw. C-§-s\-b-Ãm-sX Xm-c-X-ay-
{Kq-¸v C-Ãm-sX Ip-d-¨p tcm-Kn-IÄ-¡v
am-{Xw a-cp-¶v \Â-In \n-co-£-Ww
\-S-¯n-b-Ã a-cp-¶p-IÄ Aw-Ko-I-cn-
¡p-¶-Xv.
2 P\phcn 2021
\m C-Xv (Randamise Cotnrol Trial ) dm³-U-ssa-
kv I¬-t{SmÄ {S-b F-¶m-Wv A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-
¶-Xv. tcm-Kw h-cp-¶ hn-hn-[ {]m-b-¡m-cnÂ/
enw-K-t`-Z-a-\p-k-cn-¨v ]T-\-§Ä \-S-¯n-bm-Wv
a-cp-¶p-I-fpw/hm-Iv-kn-\p-I-fpw ]p-d-¯n-d-¡p-¶-
Xv. C-´y-bn \-S-¯-s¸-Sp-¶ F-Ãm a-cp-¶v
]-co-£-W-§-fpw "¢n-\n-¡Â {S-b c-Pn-Ì-dn-
bnÂ' (CTR) tNÀ-¡p-I-bpw A-Xn-sâ sh-_v
ssk-än BÀ-¡pw C-Xv kw-_-Ôn-¨ F-Ãm
hn-h-c-§-fpw A-t¸m-f-t¸mÄ e-`n-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv.
H-cp a-cp-¶v-X-s¶ hy-Xy-kv-X cm-Py-§-fn hy-
Xy-kv-X P-\-hn-`m-K-§-fn sIm-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ
H-tc ^-ew In-«n-s¡m-Å-W-sa-¶n-Ã. Hm-tcm-cp-
¯À-¡pw P-\n-än-¡Â hy-Xym-k-ap@v. B cm-
Py-§-fn-epw A-hn-S-¯p-Im-cn ]-co-£-Ww
\-S-¯n-bm-te A-hn-sS tcm-Kn-IÄ-¡v H-cp a-cp-¶v
\Â-Im³ ]m-Sp-Åq. C-§-s\-bm-Wv B-[p-\n-I
im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ ss\-Xn-I co-Xn. hy-àn-]-c-am-b
hy-Xym-k-§Ä Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªp C-t¸mÄ Hm-tcm
hy-àn-¡pw t]À-k-W-sse-kv-Uv
(Personalised) B-bn a-cp-¶p-IÄ \mÂ-Im-
\p-Å Nn-In-Õm-co-Xn h-sc h-¶n-«p@v. ]p-Xn-b
Hu-j-[-§Ä ]-e-Xpw dn-th-gv-kv ^mÀ-a-t¡m-f-Pn
co-Xn-bn-epw I-s@¯p-¶p@v.
s^-bv-kv {Xo {S-b-en ap³-]v kq-Nn-¸n-¨
co-Xn-bn dm³-Ua - n-kv I¬-t{SmÄ {S-b B-Wv
\-S-¯p-¶-Xv. H-cp {Kq-¸n-\v ]p-Xn-b a-cp-t¶m
A-sÃ-¦n a-cp-¶v sIm-Sp-¡m-sX-tbm Xm-c-X-
ay-]T-\-¯n-\p-th@n hy-Xy-kv-X {Kq-¸p-I-sf
C-§-s\ k-Ö-am-¡p-¶ co-Xn B-[p-\n-I ssh-
Zy-im-kv-{X-¯n-tâ-X-Ã. BÀ.kn.Sn F-¶ I¬-
t{SmÄ {S-b co-Xn I-s@¯n-b-Xv ImÀ-jn-I
im-kv-{X-¯nÂ-\n-¶m-Wv (sdm-WmÄ-Uv F ^n-
jÀ, tPÀ-ko t\-bv-sa³ F-¶n-hÀ). ]p-Xn-b
Ir-jn co-Xn-tbm/h-f-tam I@p-]n-Sn-¨-ti-jw
H-tc hn-f-IÄ-¡v hy-Xy-kv-X h-b-ep-I-fn hy-
Xy-kv-X h-f-§Ä \Â-In-bpw Nn-e-bn-S-¯v H-¶p-
an-Sm-sX-bp-sam-s¡ Xm-c-X-ay-¯n-\p-th@n sN-
¿p-¶-Xm-Wv BÀ.kn.Sn. A-h-km-\w hy-Xy-kv-X
t¹m-«p-I-fn F-§-s\-bm-Wv hn-f-hp@m-Ip-¶-Xv
F-¶v t\m-¡n Xm-c-X-ay-]T-\w \-S-¯n-bm-Wv
h-f-¯n-sâ Kp-W-ta-· ]-co-£n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. C-tX
co-Xn-im-kv-{X-am-Wv a-cp-¶v ]-co-£-W-¯n-epw
D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. 1920I-fn-em-Wv tem-I-¯v
Cu co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw h-¶-Xv. Cu co-Xn ]n-¶o-Sv
a-äv ]-e ta-J-e-I-fn-epw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p@v.
BÀ-kn-Sn co-Xn ]-co-£-W-§Ä-¡v t\m-_Â
ss{]-kv e-`n-¨ C-´y³ km-¼-¯n-I im-kv-
{X-Ú³ A-`n-Pn-Xv _m-\À-Pn-bpw ]-e-bn-S-¯pw
Cu co-Xn A-h-ew-_n-¨n-«p@v. H-cp Ø-e-¯v
km- ¼ - ¯ n- I ]- c n- j v - I m- c w \- S - ¸ m- ¡ p- ¶ p-
s@¦n A-sÃ-¦n H-cn-S-¯v Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v
hm-Iv-kn-\p-IÄ i-cn-bm-bn sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ Ip-«n-
I-fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn k-_v-kn-Un-bn A-cn
sIm-Sp-¯p. a-säm-cn-S-¯v k-_v-kn-Un sIm-Sp-
¡m-sX hm-Iv-kn³ am-{Xw sIm-Sp-¯p. ]n-¶o-Sv
C-Xn-sâ ^-e-§Ä c@p Ø-
e-§-fn-epw Xm-c-X-ayw sN-bv-Xv H-Sp-¡w B P-\-
2 P\phcn 2021
1920I-fn-em-Wv tem-I-¯v Cu co-Xn-
im-kv-{Xw h-¶-Xv. Cu co-Xn ]n-¶o-Sv
a-äv ]-e ta-J-e-I-fn-epw D-]-tbm-Kn-
¡p-¶p@v. BÀ-kn-Sn co-Xn ]-co-
£-W-§Ä-¡v t\m-_ ss{]-kv
e-`n-¨ C-´y³ km-¼-¯n-I im-kv-
{X-Ú³ A-`n-Pn-Xv _m-\À-Pn-bpw
]-e-bn-S-¯pw Cu co-Xn A-h-ew-
_n-¨n-«p@v. H-cp Ø-e-¯v km-¼-
¯n-I ]-cn-jv-Im-cw \-S-¸m-¡p-¶p-
s@¦n A-sÃ-¦n H-cn-S-¯v
Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v hm-Iv-kn-\p-IÄ i-cn-
bm-bn sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ Ip-«n-I-fp-sS
ho-Sp-I-fn k-_v-kn-Un-bn A-cn
sIm-Sp-¯p. a-säm-cn-S-¯v k-_v-kn-
Un sIm-Sp-¡m-sX hm-Iv-kn³ am-
{Xw sIm-Sp-¯p. ]n-¶o-Sv C-Xn-sâ
^-e-§Ä c@p Ø-
e-§-fn-epw Xm-c-X-ayw sN-bv-Xv H-Sp-
¡w B P-\-X-bv-¡p@m-Ip-¶
B-tcm-Ky km-aq-ln-I hn-Im-kw
]Tn-¡p-¶p.
X-bv-¡p@m-Ip-¶ B-tcm-Ky km-aq-ln-I hn-Im-
kw ]Tn-¡p-¶p. tem-I-¯m-sI t]m-fn-kn s_-
bv-kv-Uv (policy based studies) dn-kÀ-¨n-epw
dm³-U-an-Iv I¬-t{SmÄ {S-b-ep-IÄ \-S-¡p-
¶p@v. C-¶-s¯ A-dn-hn-sâ sh-fn-¨-¯n a-äv
Nn-In-Õm co-Xn-I-fn-epw a-cp-¶p-IÄ C-§-s\
dm³-U-ssa-kv I¬-t{SmÄ {S-b ]-co-£n-¨p
sX-fn-bn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv i-cn-bm-b im-kv-{Xo-b-amÀ-
Kw .
H-cp Ø-e-s¯ {S-b ^-ew X-s¶ F-Ãm
Ø-e-¯pw e`n-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. A-Xn-\m hn-
hn-[ Ø-e-§-fn-se ]T-\-§-fn Nn-e-Xn-\p
hy-Xy-kv-X ^-e-§Ä In-«n-tb-¡mw. dm³-U-an-kv
I¬-t{SmÄ {S-b hn-hn-[ cm-Py-§-fnÂ, hn-
hn-[ P-\-hn-`m-K-§-fn sh-tÆ-sd \-S-¯n-bm-Wv
a-cp-¶p-IÄ \-ev-In h-cp-¶-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-tem
IÂ-¡-¯-bn-tem ssN-\-bn-tem a-äv ]-e-bn-S-
t¯m \-S-¯p-¶ C-¯-cw {S-b-ep-IÄ tPÀ-W-
ep-I-fn {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p h-¶m Um-ä-
I-sfm-s¡-bpw sh-¨v sa-äm A-\m-sse-kv sN-bvX -
ti-j-am-Wv ^-ew F-{X-sb-¶v Iq-Sp-XÂ sX-fn-
hp-I-tfm-sS B-[p-\n-I im-kv-{X-¯n D-d-¸n-
¡m-dp-Åq. C-¯-cw ]T-\-¯n-sâ-Iq-Sn ^-e-am-
bm- W v Nn- e a- c p- ¶ p- I Ä D- d - ¸ n- ¡ p- ¶ - X pw,
{]-N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xpw, ]n³-h-en-¡p-¶-Xpw. C-Xm-
Wv B-[p-\n-I im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ {]-tXy-I-X.
tcmKw Nn-In-Õ im-k{v- Xwþ tUm.P-b-Ir-jv-W³.Sn
N-{µn-I B-gN
v- ¸
- X
- n-¸v 2020 H-tÎm-_À 10
37
 {]Xn-IcWw
tZ-th-i³ t]-cqÀ

Im-c-tÈ-cn-bpw
I-S-eq-cpw
Fw.F³ Im-c-tÈ-cn-bpsS "FÃm-hÀ¡pw Ib-dn ta-bm³ I-gn-bp¶
ssa-Xm-\-aà I-hn-X' F-¶ {]-`m-jW-s¯ B-[m-c-am¡n-b
Imhy-tem-I NÀ-¨-bn-se C-S-s]SÂ.

]p -Xp-I-hn-X-I-sf kw-_-Ôn-¨v Im-c-tÈ-

cn am-jv \-S-¯n-b A-`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-
\-§-tfm-Sv tkm-a³ I-S-eqÀ {]-Xn-I-
cn- ¨ - X v {i- ² - b nÂ- s ¸- « p. ]p- X p I- h n- X - s b
a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn Im-c-tÈ-cn am-jn-\v ]-än-b
{i-²-¡p-d-hv h-f-sc kv-]-ã-am-bn X-s¶ A-h-X-
cn-¸n-¡m³ I-S-eqÀ {i-an-¡p-¶p@v. b-YmÀ-°-
¯n ]p-Xn-b-Im-e-¯v G-ä-hpw {]-k-à-am-bn
D-bÀ-¶p h-tc@ H-cp kw-hm-Zam-Wn-sX-¶v
F-\n-¡p tXm-¶p-¶p.
F-Ãm Im-e-¯pw ]p-Xn-b `m-hp-I-Xz-§Ä
{]-iv-\-hÂ-¡-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p@v. B-im-sâ-bpw

38 2 P\phcn 2021
D-Åq-cn-sâ-bpw h-Å-t¯m-fn-sâ-bpw Im-e-¯v
F-gp-¯-Ñ-s\ t]m-se C-hÀ-s¡-gp-Xm³ I-gn-
bp-¶n-Ã-tÃm F-¶ A-`n-{]m-bw i-à-am-bn-cp-¶p.
B-[p-\n-I-X h-¶-t¸mÄ Kp-]v-X³ \m-b-sc
t]m-ep-Å \n-cq-]-IÀ A-Xn-s\ sNm-dn-¡-hn-X
F-¶v B-t£-]n-¨p. sNm-dn-b-t@ sNm-dn-b-t@
tl-am-tfm-sc F-¶v A-¿-¸-]-Wn-¡-cp-sS I-hn-
Xm h-cn-I-sf ]-cm-aÀ-in-¨m-Wv B-[p-\n-I I-hn-
X-IÄ sNm-dn-¡-hn-X-I-fm-Wv F-¶v e-Ï-{]-Xn-
jvT-cm-b \n-cq-]-IÀ A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-«-Xv.
N- c n- { X- ¯ n- s â X- \ n- b m- h À- ¯ - \ - a m- W v
C-t¸mÄ \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. G-sd B-t£-]-§Ä-¡v
hn-t[-b-\m-hp-¶ A-[x-Øn-X-\m-Wv C-¶-s¯
]p-Xp-I-hn-X. Ip-eo-\-X-IÄ H-«p-an-Ãm-¯ H-cp
\n-kz³. X-Xzim-kv-{X-an-Ã, A-e-¦m-c-§-fn-Ã,
hr-¯-an-Ã, _nw-_m-h-en-IÄ H-«p-an-Ã. B \n-e-
bn hÀ-® hy-h-Ø-bn Xm-sg \nÂ-¡p-¶
A-hÀ-W³ X-s¶. C-sX-´v a-\p-jyÀ F-¶v
\m-tSm-Sn-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v ]-d-bp-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bp-Å
tNm-Zy-am-Wv C-sX-´p I-hn-X F-¶v B-t£-]-
ap-b-cp-¶-Xv.
G-sXm-cp a-\p-jy-\pw sk³-kn-_n-en-än-bnÂ
H-cp kv-Xw-`-\m-h-Ø kw-`-hn-¡pw. A-Xv B-cp-
sS-bpw Ip-ä-a-Ã. ]-t£ A-Xv Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶
H-cmÄ-¡v ]p-Xn-b-Xn-s\ X-f-fn-¸-d-bm³ I-gn-bn-Ã.
]-g-b ]n.sb-bpw Pn. sb-bpw h-b-em-dn-s\-bpw
D-²-cn-¨v ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-¡-hn-I-sf hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-
t¼mÄ h-cp-¶ ]n-i-Im-Wv Im-c-tÈ-cn-¡v kw-`-
hn-¨-Xv. ]p-Xn-b I-ev-]-\-I-fp-sS cm-{ão-b-s¯
Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm³ am-jv {i-an-¨n-«p-t@m F-¶-Xv
2 P\phcn 2021
kw-i-b-am-Wv. Sn.]n cm-Po-h³ ap-XÂ tkm-a³
I-S-eqÀ h-sc-bp-Å I-hn-I-fp-sS {]-tXy-I-X-IÄ
kq-£v-a-am-bn a-\-Ên-em-¡n-bm-bn-cp-¶p am-jv
Cu hn-aÀ-i-\-§Ä D-¶-bn-t¡@n-bn-cp-¶-Xv.
A-¯-c-¯n-sem-cp A-£-´-hy-am-b A-]-cm-[w
Im-c-tÈ-cn am-jv-Iv kw-`-hn-¨p F-¶v ]-d-bm-sX
h-¿. F³.{]-`m-I-c-s\ t]m-ep-Å-hÀ ]p-Xn-b
`m-hp-I-Xz-s¯ i-cn-bm-bn a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ {i-an-
¨-h-cm-Wv.
Im-c-tÈ-cn am-jv ]-d-bp-¶ I-hn-Xm _m-ly-
am-b Im-cy-§Ä ]-e-Xpw ]p-Xp-I-hn-IÄ-¡v tN-
cp-¶-Xp X-s¶. F-Ãm Im-e-¯pw I-hn-IÄ
C-§-s\-bm-bn-cp-t¶m F-¶v \-ap-¡v A-dn-bn-Ã.
]@v I-hn-X sNm-Ãn-t¡Ä-¸n-¡p-¶ ku-lr-Z
kw-L-§Ä D@m-bn-cp-¶p F-¶v tI-«n-«p@v.
A-¯-cw ku-lr-Z kw-K-a-§-fn I-hn-X-IÄ
A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨v \n-in-X-am-b ]-cn-tim-[-\-IÄ-¡v
hn-t[-b-am-¡m-dp@m-bn-cp-¶p. C-¶n-t¸mÄ B
{]-X-ew am-dn. s^-bv-kv _p-¡v, hm-Sv-km-¸v Iq-
«m-bv-a-bm-bn A-Xv ]-cn-W-an-¨p. A-Xn hm-bn-
¡p-¶p. F-gp-Xp-¶p. A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. \n-in-
X-am-b hm-b-\ F-{X hm-b-\-¡mÀ \nÀ-h-
ln-¡p-¶p F-¶-Xm-Wv ap-Jyw. hn-aÀ-i-\w C-ã-
an-Ãm-¯ [m-cm-fw I-hn-I-fp@v F-¶ Im-cyw
a-d-¡p-¶n-Ã. B \n-e-bn ]p-Xp I-hn-I-sf-¡q-
Sn {In-bm-ß-I-am-b ]-cym-tem-N-\-IÄ-¡v hn-t[-
b-am-¡p-¶ hn-[-am-bn-cp-¶p am-jn-sâ hn-e-bn-cp-
¯-ep-IÄ D@m-th@n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. am-jn \n-¶v
]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d {]-Xo-£n-¡p-¶-Xpw A-Xp X-s¶.
39
hn. tam-l-\-Ir-jv-W³

\-c-Wn-¸p-g
jm-\-hm-kv
kn-\n-a-bn-se
Po-hn-X-§Ä
]pXp-kn-\n-a-I-sf ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀt¯@ kÀ¡mÀ Hu
tZym-KnI kwhn-[m-\-§Ä Ah-K-Wn-¨mepw ae-bm-fn-bpsS
PmXn F¶ hnj-bs¯ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvX ià-amb
kn\n-a-bm-bn-cp¶p jm\-hmkv \c-Wn-¸p-g-bpsS "Icn'. AXn-
\p-ti-j-amWv s]mXp-k-aqlw sIm@m-Sp¶ "kq^nbpw
kpPm-X'bpw B kwhn-[m-b-I-tâ-Xmbn ]pd-¯p-h-¶-Xv. BZy-
kn-\n-a-bpsS kv]mÀ¡v I@-hÀ¡-dn-bm-am-bn-cp¶p jm\-hm-
knsâ kn\n-a-IÄ ae-bm-fn-IÄ ImWm-\n-cn-¡p-t¶-bpÅq
F¶-v. ]t£ cwK-t_m-[-an-Ãm¯ tImam-fn-bmbn B Ne-¨n-
{X-{]-Xn-`sb acWw X«n-sb-Sp-¯-Xnsâ tjm¡n-emWv \Ã
kn\n-a-Isf CjvS-s¸-Sp-¶-h-À Gh-cpw. Cusbmcp ]Ým-¯-
e-¯n jm\-hm-knsâ kn\n-am-tem-Is¯ HmÀs¯-Sp¯v
At±-l-¯n\v BZ-cm-RvPen AÀ¸n-¡p-I-bmWv teJ-I³.

jm \hmkn\v kn\nabv¡v ]p
ds¯mcp PohnXap@m
bncps¶¶v tXm¶nbn«nÃ.
\nc´cw kn\nabpambn CSs]«psIm@pw
AXnsâ km´z\§fpw kwLÀj§fpw A
\p`hn¨psIm@papÅ PohnXambncp¶p Ah
tâXv. kn\nasb I@dnªpsIm@v jm\hm
kv \bn¨ PohnXhpw kn\nabnemhjvIcn¨
PohnXhpw tNÀ¶m AIme¯nsemSp§nb
PohnXNcn{Xw ]qÀ¯nbmbn.
\cWn¸pg F¶ tZi\maw kz´w t]cnsâ
IqsS sIm@p\S¶ jm\hmknsâ kn
\naIfnepw B tZiw Iptd¡qSn hnkvXrXambn

40 2 P\phcn 2021
jm\hmkv \cWn¸pg

2 P\phcn 2021
41
\nesIm@p. tZiw aebmf kn\nabn Hcp
khntijhyhlmcambn hcp¶Xv ASp¯
Ime¯mWv. AXn\pap³]v GXptZi¯pw
\S¡p¶ IYIfmbncp¶p kn\naIÄ¡m[mcw.
tIcfobX `mjsIm@pam{XamWv hnfw_
cs¸«ncp¶Xv. A\y\m«n \n¶pÅ ImgvNbpw
KrlmXpcXbpambmWv tIcfw Xs¶ {]
Xy£ambXv. aebmfw GIinemcq]apÅ
`mjbmsW¶pw AXns\ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶
tZiw tIcfamsW¶pw IW¡m¡s¸«p. `mj
bnse kq£vat`Z§fneqsS ]e aebmf§
sfbpw tIcf¯n\pÅnse ]e tIcf§sfbpw
Is@¯p¶Xv ]n¶oSmWv. Fw.Sn.hmkptZh³
\mbcpsS Xnc¡YIfmWv `mjmt`Z¯neqsS
Hcp tZis¯ ZriyhÂIcn¨Xv. sN½o³(1965)
F¶ kn\nabneqsS asämcp `mj DbÀ¶phcp
¶ps@¦nepw AXv Hcp tZis¯sb¶Xntesd
Hcp kaqls¯bmWv {]Xn\n[m\w sNbvXXv.
Fw.Sn.hmkptZh³ \mbcpsS apds¸®mWv
(1965) hÅph\mS³ `mj F¶ ]pXnsbmcp
`mjmt`Zs¯ aebmf kn\nabv¡v ]cnNn
Xam¡nbXv. {]kvXpX`mj hÅph\mSnsâ
tZi]cn[ntbbpw ewLn¨v apt¶dn. {ItaW
kn\nabn AXn\v tZi]camb kzXzw \
ãamhpIbpw sNbvXp. AhnsS \n¶mWv
aebmf kn\nabn `mjmt`Z§fpsS ]pXnb
Icn
42
\cWn¸pg F¶ tZi\maw kz´w
t]cnsâ IqsS sIm@p\S¶ jm\
hmknsâ kn\naIfnepw B tZiw
Iptd¡qSn hnkvXrXambn \ne
sIm@p. tZiw aebmf kn\na
bn Hcp khntijhyhlmcambn
hcp¶Xv ASp¯ Ime¯mWv.
AXn\pap³]v GXptZi¯pw
\S¡p¶ IYIfmbncp¶p kn
\naIÄ¡m[mcw. tIcfobX
`mjsIm@pam{XamWv hnfw_
cs¸«ncp¶Xv. A\y\m«n \n
¶pÅ ImgvNbpw KrlmXpcXbp
ambmWv tIcfw Xs¶ {]Xy£am-
bXv. aebmfw GIinemcq]
apÅ `mjbmsW¶pw AXns\
{]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶ tZiw tIc-
famsW¶pw IW¡m¡s¸«p.
`mjbnse kq£vat`Z§fneqsS
]e aebmf§sfbpw tIcf¯n
\pÅnse ]e tIcf§sfbpw
Is@¯p¶Xv ]n¶oSmWv.
2 P\phcn 2021
kwhn-[m-b-I³ kp-tZ-h-t\m-sSm¸w jm\hmkv \cWn¸pg

]co£W§Ä Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. ]eXcw kn\nabn Pohn¡m³ CÑn¨

`mjmhyXnbm\§fpw D¨mcWsshhn²y
§fpw kn\nabnte¡v {]thi\w t\Sn. Xeapdbn s]«hcnsemcmfmWv
AXns\¯pSÀ¶mWv {]tZi]camb jm\hmkv \cWn¸pg. tIcf¯nse
kq£vaXIÄ kn\nabpsS {]tab¯nepÄ A´mcm{ãNe¨nt{XmÕhw
s¸Sp¶Xv. AXphscbpw \Kc§Ä, {Kma§Ä, Gsd kzm[o\n¨hcnsemcmfpam-
ae{¼tZi§Ä Fs¶ms¡bpÅ _rlZv Wv. ssIcfn/{io Xntbädnsâ ]
cq]§fmbncp¶p BJym\¯nsâ ASnØm\ ShpIfnencp¶v s^Ình _p¡v
ambsX¦n ]n¶oSv {Kma§sfbpw \Kc§ adn¨pt\m¡n Fs¶¦nepsamcp
fnse sNdnb CS§tfbpw Øet¸cn\m \mÄ Xsâ ]Shpw CXpt]mse ]p
Xs¶ ASbmfs¸Sp¯ns¡m@v kn\naIÄ
]pd¯ph¶p. A§s\ Ah tZit¯mSpw kvXI¯n A¨Sn¨phcpsa¶v
`mjtbmSpw ]ckv]cw kXykÔambn. kz]v\w I@ncp¶hcn jm\hm-
tPm¬ A{_lmansâ "A½ Adnbm\n'Â kpap@mbncp¶p. AXv sF.F^v.
Cusbmcp Øe]camb kq£vaXbp@v. AXv F^v.sI GsXmcp kn\namt{]
hb\m«n \n¶v sIm¨n hscbpÅ Hcp an¡pw \ÂInb hensbmcp
bm{XbmWv. AXn\nSbv¡pÅ Øe§tfmtcm kz]v\ambncp¶p. kn\nabpsS
¶pw t]scSp¯v ]dªpsIm@mWv kn temIt¯¡v t\cn«p IS¶psNÃm
\nabnehXcn¸n¡p¶Xv. tUmIypsaâdnbpsS
Awi§Ä IqSn IeÀ¶ {]kvXpX kn\n \pÅ hgnbmbncp¶p AXv.
abn ]e bYmÀ°kw`h§fpw AtX]Sn F¶m jm\hmknsâ BZykn\n
Nn{XoIcn¨n«p@v. dnbmenänbpsS ]pXnsbmcp abmb Icn(2015) sF.F^v.F^v.
Xe¯nte¡pÅ {]thi\amWXv. sI bn sXcsªSp¡s¸«nÃ.
XpSÀ¶pÅ Ime¯v BtKmfhÂIcWw

2 P\phcn 2021
43
 Øe]cmaÀi§Ä sIm@pw `mj-
sIm@pw {]tZis¯ IrXyambn
ASbmfs¸Sp¯p¶Xpw
]pXnb Ime¯pw PmXnbpw AXnsâ
ta¡ogv _ԧfpw GXp
hn[¯nseÃmw {]hÀ¯\£aam
bncn¡p¶p F¶v ]cntim[n¡p¶
Xpamb kn\nabmWv Icn. sXs¡
ae_mdmWv IcnbpsS tZiw. sXs¡
ae_mdnse Nne {]tZi§fn am{Xw
{]Nmcapff Iemcq]amWv Icn¦m
fnbm«w. hnhn[ t£{X§fnse
DÕh§tfmS\p_Ôn¨v \qdpIW
¡n\v Icn¦mfnIÄ hgn]mSpIfmbn
A¼eapäs¯¯pw. t£{X{]thi\
kac§Ä¡ptijw a\p
jyÀ¡v A¼e¯n {]thin¡m
\pff hne¡pIÄ CÃmXmsb¦nepw
ssZh§Ä¡v Ct¸mgpw hne¡v
amdnbn«nÃ. kq^nbpw kp-Pm-Xbpw

44 2 P\phcn 2021
 IS¶phcnIbpw AXnt\mSpÅ {]Xntcm[ambn
{]mtZinI kzXz§Ä DbÀ¶phcnIbpw
sNbvXp. tIcf¯n A´mcm{ã Ne¨nt{Xm
Õh§Ä¡v XpS¡amhpIbpw AXneqsS
[mcmfw A\y`mjmkn\naIÄ {]ZÀin¸n¡
s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. Ahbntesdbpw AXXv
\mSpIfpsS efnXamb kzXz {]Imi\§fm
bncp¶p. Ahbn Cdm\nb³ kn\naIÄ
sIm@ph¶ ImgvNmhk´hpap@mbncp¶p.
{]tab¯nepw BhnjvImc¯nepw ssIs¡m
@ emfnXy¯n\v cm{ãobamb ImcW§fp@m
bncps¶¦nepw Ah ]pXnsbmcp kn\namdnben
k¯n\pw XpS¡ambn. AhbpsS XpSÀ¨bnÂ
kn\nabn kmt¦XnIamb amä§Ä¡pw XpS
¡ambn. UnPnä temIw kn\nasb Hcp hi
¯v IqSpXÂ P\m[n]Xy]chpw efnXhpam¡n.
Cusbmcp kmwkvImcnI kµÀ`¯nÂ
kn\nabn Pohn¡m³ CÑn¨ XeapdbnÂ
s]«hcnsemcmfmWv jm\hmkv \cWn¸pg.
tIcf¯nse A´mcm{ãNe¨nt{XmÕhw
Gsd kzm[o\n¨hcnsemcmfpamWv. ssIcfn/
{io Xntbädnsâ ]ShpIfnencp¶v s^ÌnhÂ
_p¡v adn¨pt\m¡n Fs¶¦nepsamcp\mÄ
Xsâ ]Shpw CXpt]mse ]pkvXI¯nÂ
A¨Sn¨phcpsa¶v kz]v\w I@ncp¶hcnÂ
jm\hmkpap@mbncp¶p. AXv sF.F^v.
F^v.sI GsXmcp kn\namt{]an¡pw \ÂInb
hensbmcp kz]v\ambncp¶p. kn\nabpsS
temIt¯¡v t\cn«p IS¶psNÃm\pÅ
hgnbmbncp¶p AXv. F¶m jm\hmknsâ
BZykn\nabmb Icn(2015) sF.F^v.F^v.
sI bn sXcsªSp¡s¸«nÃ.
A[nIamfpIÄ¡v ImWm³ km[n¡msX
t]mb kn\nabmWv Icn. AXn\m Xs¶
B kn\nabpw AXnsâ kwhn[mbI\pw bYm
hn[n ASbmfs¸Sp¯s¸SmsX t]mhpIbpw
sNbvXp. c@mas¯ kn\nabpsS (kq^nbpw
kpPmXbpw) XntbäÀ dneokn\pÅ km²yXI
Ä tImhnUv kmlNcy§fm XSbs¸«p.
HSphn H.Sn.Sn. ¹mävt^manse aebmf¯nse
BZys¯ dneokv Bbn AXv ]pd¯p
h¶t¸mÄ Ncn{X]camb {]m[m\y¯n\¸pdw

2 P\phcn 2021
45
jm\hmkpw B kn\nabpw {it²bambn.
Icn F¶ kn\nabntes¡¯p¶Xn
\pap³]v ssIcfn/{io XntbäÀ ]ShpIfnse
Im¯ncn¸n\p kam´cambn jm\hmkv
sNbv X Nne kn\nam{]hÀ¯\§fp@v .
^nenw FUnänwKn ASnØm\ Úm\w t\
Snbncp¶ jm\hmkv Hcp ^nenw kvIqÄ Xs¶
\S¯n. Hcp kn\nam¡mc\mbn t]scSp¯n
«nÃm¯ Ime¯v A¯csamcp kwcw`w Hcp
kmlkambncps¶¦nepw AXneqsS Xsâ
hnZymÀ°nIÄs¡m¸w jm\hmkpw IqSpXÂ
kn\natbmSSp¯p. AtXIme¯mWv GXm
\pw eLpNn{X§fpsS kwhn[m\hpw jm\
hmkv \nÀhln¡p¶Xv (tKmUvkv Hm¬ I¬-
{Sn, tUmÀ Sp tUmÀ, 90 sk.ao,F¤v & A`n
XpS§nbh) Cu kn\naIfneqsS Xsâ kn\n
amt_m²y§Ä At±lw shfns¸Sp¯p¶p@v.
46
{]mtZinIXbneq¶nb sNdnb{]tab§fpsS
X\XpemfnXyhpw t\À¯ lmkyhpanSIeÀ¶
B kn\naIÄ hcpw Ime¯nsâ hnfw_
c§fmbncp¶p. CtXIme¯pXs¶bmWv
sXm«¸pd¯v s]cnt§mSv F¶ {Kma¯nencp¶v
kptZh³ F¶ sNdp¸¡mc³ C¯cw
eLpkn\nam ]co£W§Ä \S¯ns¡m@n
cp¶Xv. kptZhsâ eLpNn{X§Ä (hcq, ¹m\n
§v, c@v) ChtbmsSm¸w tNÀ¯psh¨mÂ
c@ntebpw Nne s]mXp[mcIÄ shfns¸Spw.
kptZhsâ kn\naIfnse Øncw A`nt\
Xm¡fmb A¨ypXm\µ³, AtimIv IpamÀ,
hm¸p¡ F¶nhscms¡ jm\hmknsâ kn\n
abnepap@v. tUmÀ Sp tUmÀ F¶ kn\nabpsS
IYmIr¯v A¨ypXm\µ\mWv. 90 sk.ao
kptZhsâ IYbnemWv ]nd¶Xv. kptZhsâ
c@v F¶ kn\nabpsS FUnänwKv \nÀh
ln¨Xv jm\hmkmWv. tUm¬ ]me¯dbpsS
"ihw'(2015) kPn]metaensâ "BdSn'(2017)
2 P\phcn 2021
F¶o kn\naIfpsS FUnädpw jm\hmkm
bncp¶p. ]n¶oSmWv kptZh³ "X«ps¼md¯
¸³' F¶ C¯ncn henb kn\nabpw ss{Iw
89 (2013)F¶ ^o¨À kn\nabnte¡psa
¯p¶Xv. jm\hmknsâ km¶n²yw Cu kn
\naIÄs¡m¸ap@mbncp¶p. kao]{Kma§fn
encp¶v c@pt]À aebmf kn\nabn X§
fpsS CSw krãn¡pIbmbncp¶p.
kptZhsâ kn\naIfn {]Xy£km¶n²y
aÃm¯ PmXobXbptSbpw ]mcnØnXnI
t_m²y§fptSbpw {]Wb¯nsâ Bßob
k©mc§fptSbpw Hcp temI¯nte¡v Xsâ
eLpNn{X§fn \n¶v t\cn«v {]thin¡p
IbmWv jm\hmkv sNbvXXv. AXmbncp¶p
"Icn'bpw "kq^nbpw kpPmXbpw'.
Øe]cmaÀi§Ä sIm@pw `mjsIm
@pw {]tZis¯ IrXyambn ASbmfs¸Sp¯p
¶Xpw ]pXnb Ime¯pw PmXnbpw AXnsâ
ta¡ogv _Ô§fpw GXp hn[¯nseÃmw
{]hÀ¯\£aambncn¡p¶p F¶v ]cntim
[n¡p¶Xpamb kn\nabmWv Icn. sXs¡
ae_mdmWv IcnbpsS tZiw. sXs¡ ae_m
dnse Nne {]tZi§fn am{Xw {]Nmcapff
Iemcq]amWv Icn¦mfnbm«w. hnhn[ t£{X
§fnse DÕh§tfmS\p_Ôn¨v \qdpIW
¡n\v Icn¦mfnIÄ hgn]mSpIfmbn A¼eapä
s¯¯pw. t£{X{]thi\ kac§Ä¡pti
jw a\pjyÀ¡v A¼e¯n {]thin¡m
\pff hne¡pIÄ CÃmXmsb¦nepw ssZh§
Ä¡v Ct¸mgpw hne¡v amdnbn«nÃ. IemImcsâ
PmXn IebpsSbpw PmXnbmbn amdp¶p. CXv
Hcp Iemcq]w t\cnSp¶ thÀXncnhmsW¦nÂ
Icn¦mfn sI«p¶h³ kaql¯n t\
cnSp¶Xv IqSpX aqÀ¯amb thÀXncnhmWv.
sXs¡ae_mdnse aq¡pXe, ]«m¼n,
IqSÃqÀ, `mcX¸pg F¶nhbpw A\p_Ô
{]tZi§fpamWv IcnbpsS BJym\tZiw.
\mÂ]Xntesd sImçġp ap¼v CtX {]
tZi¯p \n¶mWv Fw.Sn hmkptZh³ \mbÀ
"\nÀameyw' krãns¨Sp¯Xv. \nÀamey¯n\p
tijw hnIkzcamb hgnIfpw PoÀWXbnÂ
\n¶v apàn t\Snb aq¡pXebnsebpw ]
cnkc§fnsebpw A¼e§fpw P\§fpamWv
Icnbnse IYm]m{X§Ä. P\§fntesdt¸À
KÄ^n t]mbn aS§nsb¯nbncn¡p¶p.
Nnescms¡ Ct¸mgpw At§m«p t]mIm³
{ian¨p sIm@ncn¡p¶p. \nÀamey¯nÂ
AZriycmbncp¶ Icn¦mfnIÄ Ct¸mÄ
IqSpXÂ ZriyX t\Snbncn¡p¶p
tNÀ¯e¡mc\mb tKm]ptIihtat\m
\pw XriqÀ¡mc\mb _nemepw tNÀ¶v X§
fpsS KÄ^nepff Øm]\¯nse tPmen¡mc
\mb Znt\isâ hoSt\zjns¨¯pIbmWv.
hffph\m«pImc\mWv Znt\i³. sX¡sc
AhÀ IqXdIÄ F¶mWv hnfn¡p¶Xv. Znt\
isâ Ipdp¦pg hm§m\mWv AhÀ F¯p
¶Xv. Ipdp¦pg Hcp hwiob kwKotXm]
IcWamWv. kn\nabpsS Bcw`¯n Xs¶
2 P\phcn 2021
PmXnbne[njvTnXamb ]e BNmc§fpw
ZriyamWv. ip²n hcp¯m³ apä¯v NmWIw
sagpIp¶ Zriyt¯msSbmWv XpS¡w.
A¼e¯nse DÕht¯mS\p_Ôn¨v
Icn¦mfn sI«m\pff hgn]mSpffXpsIm@v
B ho«n ktkyXc `£Wsam¶pw D@m
¡nbn«nÃ. Znt\isâ hnk kw_Ôamb {]
iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡m\mWv Icn¦mfn hgn
]mSv. Xm³ Fkv.kn hn`mK¯nÂs]« Bfm
sW¶v Znt\isâ Aѳ ]dbp¶p. AbmfpsS
`mcy \mbcmWv. aIsf hnhmlw Ign¨Xv
asämcp PmXn¡mc\mWv. t{]an¡pt¼mÄ
Bcpw PmXn t\m¡mdnsöpw hnhmlka
b¯pw AXn\p tijhpamWv PmXn {]iv\
amIp¶sX¶pw AbmÄ ]dbp¶p. tasebpw
Icn F¶ kn\nabntes¡¯p¶Xn
\pap³]v ssIcfn/{io XntbäÀ ]
ShpIfnse Im¯ncn¸n\p kam´-
cambn jm\hmkv sNbvX Nne
kn\nam{]hÀ¯\§fp@v. ^nenw
FUnänwKn ASnØm\ Úm\w
t\Snbncp¶ jm\hmkv Hcp ^nenw
kvIqÄ Xs¶ \S¯n. Hcp kn
\nam¡mc\mbn t]scSp¯n
«nÃm¯ Ime¯v A¯csamcp kw-
cw`w Hcp kmlkambncps¶
¦nepw AXneqsS Xsâ hnZymÀ°n
IÄs¡m¸w jm\hmkpw IqSpX
 kn\natbmSSp¯p. AtXIme
¯mWv GXm\pw eLpNn{X§
fpsS kwhn[m\hpw jm\hmkv
\nÀhln¡p¶Xv (tKmUvkv Hm¬
I¬-{Sn, tUmÀ Sp tUmÀ, 90 sk.
ao,F¤v & A`n XpS§nbh) Cu
kn\naIfneqsS Xsâ kn\n
amt_m²y§Ä At±lw shfns¸Sp
¯p¶p@v. {]mtZinIXbneq¶nb
sNdnb{]tab§fpsS X\Xpemfn
Xyhpw t\À¯ lmkyhpanSIeÀ¶
B kn\naIÄ hcpw Ime¯nsâ
hnfw_c§fmbncp¶p.
Iosgbpw Bbnc¡W¡n\p PmXnIÄ
thsdbpap@v. Znt\i³ tPmen sN¿p¶
Øm]\¯nsâ ta[mhn tat\m\mbXn\mÂ
C¯ncn _lpam\t¯msS s]cpamdWsa¶v
`mcy Abmsf D]tZin¡p¶p. C§s\
PmXnbpsS \m\mhyhlmc§Ä BZyta
shfnhm¡s¸Sp¶p. Ahcmcpw PmXnbpsS
BNmc§fn \n¶v apàcÃ.
Icn¦mfnsbbpw Ipdp¦pgent\bpw B
\mSnt\bpsbms¡ A]cnjvIrXambmWv
47
tat\m³ ImWp¶sX¦nepw B {]tZi¯nsâ
PohnXhpambn CSIetc@ A\nhmcyXbnte
¡v bmZrÑnIambn Ccphcpw F¯nt¨À¶p.
AXv Icn¦mfnIfpsSbpw B thjw sI«p¶h
cpsSbpw PmXn PohnX¯nte¡papff Hcp IS
¶p sNÃemWv. Icn¦mfn sI«p¶ A¿¸sâ
PohnXhpw kzXz{]XnkÔnIfm IepjnX
amWv. A¿¸³ Idp¸pw AbmfpsS ImapIn
shfp¸pambXn\memWv AbmÄ¡hsf \
ãambXv. AXnepff {]Xntj[w IqSnbmWv
Idp¸v tX¨v Icn¦mfnbmbn amdm³ Abmsf
t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xv. A¼e¯n\It¯¡v {]
thin¡m³ km[n¡m¯ thjw sIt«@n
hcp¶Xnsâ {]Xntj[w A¿¸³ shfns¸Sp
¯p¶p@v. CXv IemImc³ F¶ \ne¡p
IqSnbpff AbmfpsS kzXz{]XnkÔnbmWv.
tat\m³ AXns\ Ifnsb¶p hnfn¡pt¼mÄ
A¿¸³ AXncq£ambn {]XnIcn¡p¶p.
B\bnSªpsh¶v tI«v Iq«wsXänb
Icn¦mfn `mcX¸pgbpsS aW¡m«nse
¯p¶tXmsSbmWv A¿¸sâ kzXz{]XnkÔn
{]IrXnbpsS kzXz{]XnkÔnbmbn amdp¶Xv,
AYhm c@pw H¶mbn amdp¶Xv. ]pgbnÂ
\n¶Ã ]pÃp \ndªv ImSp]nSn¨p InS¡p¶
aWÂ]c¸n \n¶mWv sXmgnemfnIÄ aW
seSp¡p¶Xv. AXv Xebnteäm³ klmbn¡p
¶pap@v Icn¦mfnbmb A¿¸³. t\À¯
lmkyapXncp¶ Nne kw`mjW§fneqsS
A¿¸sâ Zpc´hpw ]pgbpsS Zpc´hpw
AhXcn¸n¡s¸Sp¶p. ]s@mcp ]pgbp@m
48
Icn¦mfn sI«p¶ A¿¸sâ
PohnXhpw kzXz{]XnkÔn
Ifm IepjnXamWv. A¿¸³
Idp¸pw AbmfpsS ImapIn sh
fp¸pambXn\memWv Abm
Ä¡hsf \ãambXv. AXnepff
{]Xntj[w IqSnbmWv Idp¸v
tX¨v Icn¦mfnbmbn amdm³
Abmsf t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xv.
A¼e¯n\It¯¡v {]thin
¡m³ km[n¡m¯ thjw
sIt«@n hcp¶Xnsâ {]Xn
tj[w A¿¸³ shfns¸Sp
¯p¶p@v. CXv IemImc³ F¶
\ne¡p IqSnbpff AbmfpsS
kzXz{]XnkÔnbmWv. ta
t\m³ AXns\ Ifnsb¶p hn
fn¡pt¼mÄ A¿¸³ AXn
cq£ambn {]XnIcn¡p¶p.
B\bnSªpsh¶v tI«v Iq«wsX-
änb Icn¦mfn `mcX¸pgbpsS
aW¡m«nse¯p¶tXmsSbm-
Wv A¿¸sâ kzXz{]XnkÔn {]
IrXnbpsS kzXz{]XnkÔnbmbn
amdp¶Xv, AYhm c@pw H¶mbn
amdp¶Xv.
2 P\phcn 2021
bncp¶ Ipän¸pdw ]me¯n\p kao]¯mWv
X§sf¶v sXmgnemfnIÄ ]dbp¶p. aWse
Sp¯ hensbmcp Ipgnbn \nÊlmb\mbn
cn¡p¶ Icn¦mfnbpsS Zriyw CcpIq«cptSbpw
Zpc´mßIX \¶mbn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p.
\nfm\ZntbmSv "C\n \obn ]me¯n \m«
\qgpw' F¶v Ipän¸pdw ]me¯nsâ ]ndhnbnÂ
{]hN\mßIambn Nn´n¨ CStÈcntbbpw
Cu Zriyw HmÀabnte¡m\bn¡pw.
CStÈcnbpsS "]qX¸m«n'se hcnIÄ kn
\nabnep]tbmKn¡s¸«n«pap@v.
kaImenI cm{ãob¯nte¡pw PmXnka
hmIy§fnte¡pw t\cn«p {]thin¡p¶
asämcp Xew IqSn kn\nabnep@v. AXv ta
t\m\pw _nemepw IqSn Xmakn¡p¶ apdnbnÂ
Snhnbn \n¶v tIÄ¡p¶ Hc`napJ kw`m
jW¯nsâ iIe§fmWv. aäp ]e iÐ
§Ä¡panSbv¡v ]et¸mgpw AhyàambmWv
AXv tIÄ¡m\mhp¶Xv. tat\m\pw _nemepw
{i²n¡msX hnSp¶, {]Xy£¯n \nÀtZm
jsa¶v IcpXmhp¶ B A`napJ¯nsâ B
LmX tijn tIcf¯nsâ kao] ]Ým¯e
¯nepw kn\nabpsS ka{KXbnepamWv
hyàamhp¶Xv. tPm¬{_n«mkv shffm¸ffn
\tSi\pambn \S¯nb A`napJamWXv. PmXn
t`Zw, aXtZzjw XpS§nb hmNI§sfms¡
shffm¸ffn D]tbmKn¡p¶p@v . PmXn
tNmZn¡Wsa¶pw At±lw Iq«nt¨À¡p¶p.
Xms\mcp kvt]mÀ«vkvam\msW¶v At±lw
]dbp¶Xpw \mw tIÄ¡p¶p.
Icnbn \n¶v kq^nbntes¡¯pt¼mÄ
kn\nabpsS ØeIme k¦ev]§Ä asämcp
Xe¯ntes¡¯p¶p. Icnbnse ØeIme
§sf DÃwLn¡m\pff t_m[]qÀhamb ]
cn{iaw AXn ImWmw. apÃ_kmÀ F¶
km¦Â]nI{Kmaw ØemXoXamb Hcp
k¦ev]s¯ Ipdn¡p¶p.kwKoXhpw {]
Wb¯nsâ BßobXbpanSIeÀ¶ Hcp
AXn`uXnIXew B kn\naIfpsS A\p
`qXnsb \nÀWbn¡p¶ LSIamWv. F¶mÂ
CS¡nsS KÄ^v,hml\w,]mkvt]mÀ«v XpS§n
`uXnIXbpsS \m\mhntij§fnte¡v
IS¶phcnIbpw sN¿p¶p. `uXnImXoXsa¶v
k¦ev]n¡mhp¶ GsXmcp cwKt¯bpw {]
IrXnbpw km[mcWXbpambn Iq«nbnW¡p¶
FUnänwKv coXn kn\na Ahew_n¡p¶p.
AXn\nSbn It®¦mhv XpS§nb tZi]
cmaÀi§fnte¡v F¯pIbpw IcnbpsS
A{X{]ISaÃm¯ Nne XpSÀ¨IÄ kq£n
¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. acWt¯bpw AXnsâ
`uXnIXtbbpw C{Xtbsd hnkvXcn¨ kao]
Imekn\na entPmtPmkv s]ÃntÈcnbpsS
C.a.sbu BWv. AXn\pkam\amWv Cu
kn\nabnsebpw acWm\´c hntij§Ä.
XpS¡w sXm«v HSp¡w hsc kwKoXw t]mse
\ndªp \n¡p¶XmWv acWhpw.
kq^nbpw kpPmXbpw F¶ t]cn \n
2 P\phcn 2021
¶pXs¶ kn\nabnte¡v {]thin¡m\pff
Hcp hgnbp@v. AXv aXmXoXhpw kwKo
XmßIhpamb kqN\IÄ \ÂIp¶p. A¶
bpw dkqepw F¶ kn\na C§s\sbmcp hgn
Xpd¶psh¨ncp¶p. sIm¨nbn am{Xw km²y
amb kn\nabmbncp¶p AsX¦n kq^nbpw
kpPmXbpw CXpt]msemcp km¦ev]nI {]
tZi¯p km²yamhp¶XmWv. ]e kwkv
Imc§Ä¡nSapffXpt]mse ]e`mjIÄ¡pw
AhnsS CSap@v. "Icn'bn \n¶v `n¶ambn
`uXnIkmlNcy§fpsS sa¨s¸« e`yX Cu
kn\nabn kmt¦XnIXbnepw Zriy kuµ
cy¯nepw {i²mephmIm³ jm\hmkns\
klmbn¨n«p@v. anI¨ A`nt\Xm¡fpsS
]n´pWbpw e`yambn.
Xm³ Pohn¨ Imes¯bpw tZis¯bpw
kaqÀ¯ambmhnjvIcn¡m\pff cm{ãob
t_m[w jm\hmkv Xsâ kn\nabn ]p
t{]an¡pt¼mÄ Bcpw PmXn
t\m¡mdnsöpw hnhmlka
b¯pw AXn\p tijhpamWv
PmXn {]iv\amIp¶sX¶pw
AbmÄ ]dbp¶p. tasebpw
Iosgbpw Bbnc¡W¡n\p
PmXnIÄ thsdbpap@v.
Znt\i³ tPmen sN¿p¶
Øm]\¯nsâ ta[mhn
tat\m\mbXn\m C¯ncn
_lpam\t¯msS
s]cpamdWsa¶v `mcy
Abmsf D]tZin¡p¶p.
C§s\ PmXnbpsS \m\mhyh
lmc§Ä BZyta shfnhm
¡s¸Sp¶p. Ahcmcpw Pm
XnbpsS BNmc§fn \n¶v
apàcÃ.
eÀ¯pIbp@mbn. IcnbnemWv AXv Gähpw
{]ISambXv. kn\nam{]hÀ¯Is\¶ \ne
bn jm\hmkns\ bYmÀ°ambn ASbmf
s¸Sp¯nbXv "Icn'bmsW¦nepw kwhn[mbI
s\¶ \nebv¡v IqSpXÂ {i² \ÂInbXv
"kq^nbpw kpPmXbp'ambncp¶p. AXv Icnbp
sS ]nSnbn \n¶pff Hcp IpXdembncp¶p.
IqsS Ime¯n \n¶pw tZi¯n \n¶pw.
tZimXoXamb B tZiw acW¯nsâbpw
tZiambncp¶p. \½fnt¸mÄ B J_À
Ipgn¨psIm@ncn¡p¶p. acWs¯sb¶
t]mse PohnXs¯bpw \nÀhNn¡m³
{ian¡p¶p.
(courtesy: wtplive.in)
49
 Ip«nIfpsS t\mhÂ

BImi¸´v
\µ³
Nn{Xo-I-cWw: kPohv Iog-cnbqÀ

ASp-¯ e-¡w apXÂ

50 2 P\phcn 2021
IhnX

F. sI taml\³

]IÂ F¶v
t]cpÅ
Hcp _Êv
kÔybmhpt¶cw `£W¯n\ptijhpw
AhnsSsb¯pw F¶pw AbmÄ hmem«n
Imen h¶pcp½nbp½sh¨v
HmSntbmSn XfÀ¶v Ccpfnsâ I\¸nte¡v
]IÂ \S¶pt]mbn
AhnsS
F¯nt¨À¶v
Icphmfn¨ apJt¯msS s]mSnbpw a®pwI®ocpw
Ccp¶ncp¶van càhpw Ccp«pw
\n«pIÄXs¶ ]än¸nSn¨ncn¡p¶
Ignªncn¡pw At¸mÄ ]IÂ F¶v t]cpÅ
_Ênsâ ¥mknte¡v
£oW¯n IpXnÀ¶ Hcp ]m«shÅw
Nncnbm AbmÄ ]ns¶ tImcnsbmgn¨p.
]ckv]cw FXntcäv
AhÀ Ipd¨pt\cw
an@mXncn¡pw

HcmÄ t]mepw
DÅpXpd¶v Xt¶mSv
C§s\
CXphtcbpw
Nncn¨n«nÃtÃm
Fs¶ms¡ shdpsX BtemNn¨pt]mIpw

HmÀabpsS `q]Sw \nhÀ¶phcpt¼mÄ Xs¶ Iodn¡fbpw

\Kc¯nsâ
aªshfn¨¯nÂ
aªpw s]mSnbpw ]Scp¶p

GsXms¡tbm
`mjIfnÂ
Bscms¡tbm
hfscs¨dnb iЯn kwkmcn¨psIm@ncn¡p¶p

s]mXnªpsIm@ph¶ `£W¯nsâ
hnlnX¯n\mbn
]Xnhpt]mse h¶ \mb

2 P\phcn 2021
51
d-jy 5

{Iw-en-\nÂ
sXm-Åm-bn-c-¯n C-cp-]-Xp-I-fn-e-pw ap-¸-Xp-I-fn-ep-sam-s¡ tkm-hn-
b-äv bq-Wn-b-\n-ep-@m-b `-£y-£m-a-¯n Z-i-e-£-¡-W-¡n-\m-Wv
]m-h-§Ä N-s¯m-Sp-§n-b-Xv. B-lm-c-km-[-\-§Ä d-jy C-¶v h³-
tXm-Xn C-d-¡p-a-Xn sN-¿p-¶p. io-X-k-a-cw sIm-Sp-¼n-cn-sIm-@n-
cp-¶ Im-e-¯p-t]m-epw I-¸-ep-I-W-¡n-\v tKm-X-¼v A-ta-cn-¡-bnÂ
\n-¶pw hm-§p-hm³ tkm-hn-b-äv kÀ-¡mÀ a-Sn-¨n-Ã. H-cp X-c-¯nÂ
Nn-´n-¨m tkm-hn-b-äv bq-W-n-b-\n {]-Xn-hn-¹-hw hn-P-b-I-c-am-
bn ]-cy-h-km-\n-¨-Xv hn-i-¸n-sâ hn-fn-aq-e-am-Imw. sdm-«n-¡pw a-äp
`-£-W-km-[-\-§Ä-¡pw th-@n td-j³-I-S-I-fn-se Xn-¡pw Xn-c-
¡pw A-h-n-iz-k-\o-b-am-bn-cp-¶p.

52 2 P\phcn 2021
 a[p-\m-bÀ \yq-tbmÀ¡v

d -jy³ kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v s]m-Xp-sh X-Sn-

Iq-Sp-X-em-tWm? tNm-Zyw tam-kv-tIm-
hm-kn a-e-bm-fn kp-Pn-¯n-t\m-Sm-
bn-cp-¶p. `m-c-X-kv-{Xo-IÄ-X³ `m-h-ip-
²n U-b-tem-Kv H-s¡ am-än-\nÀ-¯n B-Im-c-h-Sn-
hp-IÄ am-{Xw {i-²n-¨m `m-c-X-kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v
X-Sn-sbm-«pw Ip-d-h-Ã F-¶m-Wp kp-Nn-¯v
`m-jyw. `m-Ky-h-im km-cn ap-Jy-am-bp-Šh-kv-
{X-[m-c-W-co-Xn-bn s]m-®-¯-Sn Ip-td-sbm-s¡
tKm-]y-am-¡m-s\m-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xv k-Xyw. d-jy³
kv-{Xo-IÄ X-Wp-¸n-Ãm-¡m-e-¯v A-ev-]-h-kv-{X
[m-cn-Wn-IÄ, D-Å-X-Sn ]qÀ-W-X-tbm-sS I-@-
¼-c-¡p-¶ a-e-bm-fn-¡v C-§-s\-tb -tXm-¶q.
kp-Nn-¯n-sâ A-`n-{]m-b-¯n I-g-¼p-s@-¶p
tXm-¶n, Ir-i-Km-{Xn-I-fm-b In-g-¡³ bq-tdm-¸n-
se kp-µ-cn-I-sf HmÀ-¯p-sIm-@p X-s¶.
d-jy-bn I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-Ww A-h-km-\n-s¨-
¦n-epw tkm-hn-b-äv _yq-tdm-{I-kn-bp-sS A-e-Ipw
]n-Sn-bp-sam-¶pw am-dn-bn-«n-Ã. D-Zm-l-c-W-¯n-\v
_n-kn-\-Êv tc-J-IÄ F-gp-]-Xp -sIm-Ã-¡m-ew
kq-£n-¨n-cn-¡-W-sa-¶ \n-b-aw C-t¸m-gpw {]m
-_-ey-¯n-ep-@v F-¶v _n-kn-\-kv-Im-c-\m-b kp-
Nn-¯v ]-d-ªp. hn-tZ-i Sq-dn-Ìp-I-Ä B \-K-cw
hn-«v a-säm-¶n-te-¡v t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ A-\p-a-Xn
tX-S-W-sa-¶p-Å \n-b-a-¯n R-§-sf-¯n-b-

IkmJnØm³

2 P\phcn 2021
53
Akw]vj³ I¯o{UÂ
t¸m-tg-¡pw A-b-hp-h-¶-Xv `m-Kyw. d-jy-bnÂ
\-S-¶ tem-I-I-¸v ^p-Sv-t_mÄ a-Õ-c-§-tfm-sS
Sq-dn-Ìp-Im-cp-sS h-c-hv K-Wy-am-bn hÀ-²n-¨-tXm-
sS \n-b-a-§-fn-se ImÀ-¡-iyw Ip-d-ªn-cn-¡p-
¶p. A-tXm-sSm-¸w sN-dn-b-tXm-Xn-se-¦n-epw
\n-tXym-]-tbm-K-km-[-\-§-fp-sS hn-e-bpw hÀ-
²n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]-s@m-cp-Im-e-¯v Ir-jn-bm-bn-
cp-¶p d-jy-bp-sS Po-hm-ßm-hpw ]-c-am-ß-hp-
sam-s¡. tSmÄ-tÌm-bn-bp-tS-bpw, sjm-f-tJm-
hn-sâ-bpw H-s¡ C-Xn-lm-k-Ir-Xn-IÄ hm-bn-
¨m d-jy³ Ir-jn am-lm-ßyw DÂ-s¡m-Åm-
\m-Ipw. ap-¡mÂ-\q-äm-@p-Im-e-s¯ I-ayq-Wn-Ìv
`-c-Ww d-jy-bp-sS ImÀ-jn-I-ta-J-e-sb X-IÀ-¯p
X-cn-¸-W-am-¡n-sb-¶p I-cp-X-Ww. sXm-Åm-bn-c-
¯n C-cp-]-Xp-I-fn-e-pw ap-¸-Xp-I-fn-ep-sam-s¡
tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b-\n-ep-@m-b `-£y-£m-a-
¯n Z- i - e - £ - ¡ - W - ¡ n- \ m- W v ]m- h - § Ä
N-s¯m-Sp-§n-b-Xv. B-lm-c-km-[-\-§Ä d-jy
C-¶v h³-tXm-Xn C-d-¡p-a-Xn sN-¿p-¶p. io-
X-k-a-cw sIm-Sp-¼n-cn-sIm-@n-cp-¶ Im-e-¯p-
t]m-epw I-¸-ep-I-W-¡n-\v tKm-X-¼v A-ta-cn-¡-
bn \n-¶pw hm-§p-hm³ tkm-hn-b-äv kÀ-¡mÀ
a-Sn-¨n-Ã. H-cp X-c-¯n Nn-´n-¨m tkm-hn-b-äv
bq-W-n-b-\n {]-Xn-hn-¹-hw hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn ]-cy-
54
I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-¯n-sâ _m-¡n-
]-{X-am-bn I-W-¡m-¡m-hp-¶ H-cp
Im-cyw `n-£m-S-\ \nÀ-amÀ-P-\-am-Wv.
d-jy-¡m-cn-¶pw `n-£-sIm-Sp-¡p-
hm³ hn-ap-J-cm-Wv. F-¶m R-§Ä-
¡n-hn-sS `n-£-¡m-sc Im-Wm³
I-gn-ªp-sh-¶-Xv Iu-Xp-Iw. A-t\z-
j-W-¯n A-h-sc-Ãmw h-c-¯-cm-
sW-¶-Xpw A-dn-bm³ km-[n-¨p,
A-[n-I-hpw D-kv-_-¡n-Øm-\n-IÄ.
tem-I ^p-Sv-t_mÄ a-Õ-c-§Ä-¡p
ap-¼v C-h-sc-sbm-s¡ kÀ-¡mÀ
Xq-¯p-hm-cn \m-Sp-I-S-¯n-b-Xm-Wv.
H-fn-¨pw ]m-¯pw c-£-s¸-«-hÀ ho-
@pw sX-cp-hn-en-d-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-.
C-Xp-t]m-ep-Å ]-e D-c-k-ep-IÄ
sIm-@pw H-cp Im-e-¯v tkm-hn-b-
äv-bq-Wn-b-sâ A-J-Þ `m-K-am-bn-
cp-¶ dn-¸-»n-¡p-I-sfm-s¡ C-t¸mÄ
d-jy-bp-am-bn \-Ã _-Ô-¯n-e-Ã.
2 P\phcn 2021
h-km-\n-¨-Xv hn-i-¸n-sâ hn-fn-aq-e-am-Imw. sdm-
«n-¡pw a-äp `-£-W-km-[-\-§Ä-¡pw th-@n
td-j³-I-S-I-fn-se Xn-¡pw Xn-c-¡pw A-h-n-iz-k-
\o-b-am-bn-cp-¶p. F-¶m I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-Ww
A-h-km-\n-¨-Xn-ep-f-f Nn-e Zpx-J-k-Xy-§-fpw
D-@v. A-Xn-sem-¶v R-§-fp-sS Xm-a-kØ -- -e-¯p
X-s¶ ZÀ-in-¡m³ I-gn-ªp. ]-«m-f _m-cn-
t¡Up-IÄ t]m-se sI-«n-bp-@m-¡n-b ^v-fm-äv
k-ap-¨-b-§-fn Xm-a-k-¡m-c-[n-I-hpw hr-²-P-
\-§-fm-Wv. am-k-t´m-dpw A-h-À-¡v e-`n-¡p-¶
B-bn-cw dq-_nÄ s]³-j³ sIm-@v c-@-ä-hpw
Iq-«n-ap-«n-¡p-hm³ A-hÀ s]-Sm-¸m-Sv s]-Sp-¶p
F-¶-dn-ªp. ssh-Zy-k-lm-bw ku-P-\y-am-
sW-¶-Xv A-hÀ-¡p h-en-b B-izm-kw \Â-Ip-
sa-¦n-epw tkm-hn-b-äv `-c-W-Im-e-s¯ `-£y-td
-j³ \n-À-¯-em-¡-s¸-«-Xn A-Xo-h Zpx-Jn-X-
cm-Wn-hÀ. d-jy³ s^-U-td-j³ cq-]o-Ir-X-am-
b-tXm-sS ]-e h-gn-¡pw ]-W-ap-@m-¡n-b A-hÀ-
¡v A-¸mÀ-«p-saâp-I-fpw an-X-am-b hn-e-bv-¡v
kz-´-am-¡m³ I-gn-ªn-«p-@v. G-ä-hpw Ip-d-ª
hm-S-I-bm-bn c-@m-bn-cw dq-_nÄ-kv F-¦n-epw
e-`n-¡p-sa-¶-Xn-\m G-sd-¡p-sd ho-Sp kz-´-
am-¡n-b-hÀ k-´p-jv-S-cm-sW-¶pw Im-Wmw.
I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-¯n-sâ _m-¡n-]-{X-am-bn
I-W-¡m-¡m-hp-¶ H-cp Im-cyw `n-£m-S-\ \nÀ-
amÀ-P-\-am-Wv. d-jy-¡m-cn-¶pw `n-£-sIm-Sp-¡p-
hm³ hn-ap-J-cm-Wv. F-¶m R-§Ä-¡n-hn-sS
`n-£-¡m-sc Im-Wm³ I-gn-ªp-sh-¶-Xv Iu-
Xp-Iw. A-t\z-j-W-¯n A-h-sc-Ãmw h-c-¯-
cm-sW-¶-Xpw A-dn-bm³ km-[n-¨p, A-[n-I-hpw
D-kv-_-¡n-Øm-\n-IÄ. tem-I ^p-Sv-t_mÄ a-Õ-
c-§Ä-¡p ap-¼v C-h-sc-sbm-s¡ kÀ-¡mÀ Xq-
¯p-hm-cn \m-Sp-I-S-¯n-b-Xm-Wv. H-fn-¨pw ]m-¯pw
c-£-s¸-«-hÀ ho-@pw sX-cp-hn-en-d-§n-bn-cn-¡p-
¶p-. C-Xp-t]m-ep-Å ]-e D-c-k-ep-IÄ sIm-
@pw H-cp Im-e-¯v tkm-hn-b-äv-bq-Wn-b-sâ
A-J-Þ `m-K-am-bn-cp-¶ dn-¸-»n-¡p-I-sfm-s¡
AeIv-km­À tkmÄsk\n̳
2 P\phcn 2021
cm-hn-se-X-s¶ \-K-cw Np-äm³
R-§-fn-d-§n. ]-c-k-lm-bw
Iq-Sm-sX-bp-Å bm-{X-bnÂ
k-¡-dn-b-bv-¡v B-Imw-£-bp-
@m-bn-cp-¶p. F-s´-¦n-epw
{]-iv-\-ap-@m-bm kp-Nn-¯n-
\v t^m¬ sN-¿m-sa-¶p-Å-Xv
B-izm-k-am-bn. tam-kv-tIm- hn-
«m ]n-s¶ kp-Nn-¯v D-@m-hn-
Ã-tÃm F-¶-Xm-bn k-¡-dn-bm
`m-jyw. `m-j A-dn-bm-sX -X-s¶
tZ-im-S-\w io-e-am-¡n-b `m-c-Xo-b
]m-c-¼-cyw Rm³ hn-f-¼n-b-
t¸mÄ k-¡-dn-b-¡v A-Xv X-am-
i-bm-bn. G-Xp \-K-c-¯n-epw
sa-t{Sm-bm-{X Sq-dn-Ìp-IÄ-¡v
A-\p-{K-l-am-Wv. h-gn-sX-äp-hm-
\p-Å km-[y-X-Ip-d-hv, A-Y-hm
sX-än-bmÂ-¯-s¶ sa-t{Sm am-¸v
D-¯-a-bm-{Xm-k-lm-bn B-Ip-
¶p. tdm-Uv am-¸p-t]m-se k-¦oÀ-
W-a-Ã. tam-kv-tIm-sa-t{Sm-bnÂ
Cw-¥o-jv D-]-tbm-Kw hym-]-I-am-bn-
¡-@-Xv {]-Xo-£n-¨n-cp-¶-X-Ã.
C-t¸mÄ d-jy-bp-am-bn \-Ã _-Ô-¯n-e-Ã. I-km-
Jn-Øm³ am-{Xw C-Xn-s\m-c-]-hm-Zw. Cu cm-jv-
{So-b {]-{In-b H-cp Im-cy-¯n-te-bv-¡v sh-fn-¨w-
ho-in. hÀ-Ko-b-X -d-jy³ km-bn-¸n-sâ c-à-
¯n-epw A-en-ªp-tNÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. C-´y³
kzm-X-{´-ym-\-´-cw \m-«p-cm-Py-§-sf kz-X-{´
55
t_mÄtjmbn XntbäÀ
`m-c-X-¯n-sâ Ip-S-¡o-gn A-Wn-\n-c-¯p-hm³
hw-i-sh-dn sXm-«p-Xo-@m-sX tZ-io-b t\-Xm-¡Ä
A-£o-W-b-Xv-\w sN-bv-X N-cn-{X-am-Wv \-ap-¡p-
Å-Xv. tkm-hn-b-äv `-c-Ww A-h-km-\n-¨v d-jy³
s^-U-td-j³ ]n-d-¶-t¸mÄ G-jy³ h³-I-c-bn-
se dn-¸-»n-¡p-I-sfm-s¡ thÀ-s]-Sp-¯m-\m-
bn-cp-¶p Xo-cp-am-\w. kÀ-N-{I-hÀ-¯n-bp-sS Im-
e-¯v km-t¦-Xn-I-am-bn am-{Xw km-{am-Py-¯n-sâ
`m- K - a m- b n- c p- ¶ ssk- _ o- c n- b A- S - ¡ - a p- Å
G-jy³ h³-I-c A-J-WvT-tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b-
sâ `m-K-am-Ip-hm³ se-\n-\v ssk-\n-I ap-d-X-s¶
kzo-I-cn-t¡-@n-h-¶p. Ìm-en-sâ ]-S-tbm-«-§Ä-
Iq-sS B-b-t¸mÄ tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b³ hn-kv-
Xr-Xn-bn tem-I-¯n-se H-¶mw-In-S cm-Py-am-bn-
¯oÀ- ¶ p. a- X - ¯ n- s â N- « - ¡ q- S n \n- ¶ pw
G-sd-¡p-sd ]p-d-¯n-d-§n kz-X-{´ hm-bp iz-
kn-¡p-hm³ tIm-Sn-¡-W-¡n-\v G-jy³-hw-i-PÀ-
¡v I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-Ww A-h-k-cw \Â-In-sb-¶-
Xv XÀ-¡-a-ä Im-cy-am-Wv. hÀ-Ko-b-hn-tZz-j-s¯
I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-{I-aw {]-Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶p,
P-\m-[n-]-Xy-{I-aw X-Xz-¯n hÀ-Ko-b-X F-Xn-
À-¡-s¸-tS-@ km-aq-ln-I hn-]-¯m-bn Im-Wp-I-
bpw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-e-¯n A-Xn-\p h-f-an-Sp-I-
bpw sN-¿p-¶ {]-{In-b \n-e-hn-en-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Imw
Cu \q-äm-@v ZÀ-in-¨ G-ä-hpw t¾-O-am-b A-]-
N-bw.
56
cm-hn-se-X-s¶ \-K-cw Np-äm³ R-§-fn-d-§n.
]-c-k-lm-bw Iq-Sm-sX-bp-Å bm-{X-bn k-¡-
dn-b-bv-¡v B-Imw-£-bp-@m-bn-cp-¶p. F-s´-¦n-
epw {]-iv-\-ap-@m-bm kp-Nn-¯n-\v t^m¬
sN-¿m-sa-¶p-Å-Xv B-izm-k-am-bn. tam-kv-tIm-
hn-«m ]n-s¶ kp-Nn-¯v D-@m-hn-Ã-tÃm F-¶-
Xm-bn k-¡-dn-bm `m-jyw. `m-j A-dn-bm-sX
-X-s¶ tZ-im-S-\w io-e-am-¡n-b `m-c-Xo-b ]m-c-
¼-cyw Rm³ hn-f-¼n-b-t¸mÄ k-¡-dn-b-¡v A-Xv
X-am-i-bm-bn.
G-Xp \-K-c-¯n-epw sa-t{Sm-bm-{X Sq-dn-Ìp-IÄ-
¡v A-\p-{K-l-am-Wv. h-gn-sX-äp-hm-\p-Å km-[y-
X-Ip-d-hv, A-Y-hm sX-än-bmÂ-¯-s¶ sa-t{Sm
am-¸v D-¯-a-bm-{Xm-k-lm-bn B-Ip-¶p. tdm-Uv
am-¸p-t]m-se k-¦oÀ-W-a-Ã. tam-kv-tIm-sa-t{Sm-
bn Cw-¥o-jv D-]-tbm-Kw hym-]-I-am-bn-¡-@-Xv
{]-Xo-£n-¨n-cp-¶-X-Ã. d-jy-bp-sS ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d
Cw-¥o-jv ]T-\w A-\n-hm-cy-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv
a-sä-Ãm- bq-tdm-]y³ cm-Py-§-tf-bpw A-\p-I-cn-
¨m-h-Ww. Cw-¥-@v bq-tdm-]y³ bq-Wn-b-\nÂ
\n-¶pw ]n³-hm-§n-bm-epw bq-tdm-¸v -Cw-¥o-jn-s\
hn-Sp-¶ a-«n-Ã, `m-j Cw-¥-@n-tâ-Xm-sW-¦n-epw
A-ta-cn-¡³ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS B-tKm-f {]-
`m-hw sIm-@m-I-Ww Cw-¥o-jn-\v {]-Np-c-{]-Nm-
cw e-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. ssN-\-t]m-epw Cw-¥o-jv ]T-\w
h³-tXm-Xn hn-I-kn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-W-tÃm.
2 P\phcn 2021
t_mÄtjmbn Xntbädnsâ DÄhiw
F-Xm-bm-epw d-jy³ s{S-bn-\p-I-fn Cw-¥o-jv
c-@mw `m-j-bm-bn I-@-Xn k-t´m-jw. ssk-
_o-cn-b-³ `m-K-s¯-¯n-b-t¸mÄ Cw-¥o-jn-t\m-
sSm-¸w ssN-\o-kpw F-gp-Xn-¡-@-t¸mÄ A-Xn-
i-bw tXm-¶n-bn-Ã. C-k-§Ä-¡-¸p-d-¯pw d-jy
ssN-\m _-Ô-am-sW-¶ tXm-¶-em-Imw Im-c-
Ww.
{Iw-en³ I-gn-ªm tam-kv-tIm-bn Im-
Wm³ {]-tXy-In-¨v H-¶pw C-Ãm-sb-¶v kp-Pn-¯v
]-d-ªn-cp-¶p. t_mÄ-tjm-bn Xn-tb-äÀ tem-I-
{]-kn-²-am-Wv, ]-t£ A-Xp- sh-fn-bn \n-¶pw
I-@m t]m-c-tÃm. A-hn-sS I-b-dn H-cp _m-se
Im-W-W-sa-¶p-@v, Sn-¡-äv sN-e-hv `m-cn-¨-Xm-
sW-¦n-epw. ]n-s¶ \-K-c-¯n-se Im-gv-N-IÄ
Ip-sd ]-Ån-I-fn H-Xp-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. h-¯n-
¡m-\n-se t]m-¸n-sâ \n-b-{´-W-an-Ãm-sX
d-jy³ HmÀ-¯-tUm-Iv-kv k-` d-jy-bn-em-I-am-
\w ]-SÀ-¶p ]-´-en-¨p \nÂ-¡p-¶p. s{]m-«-Ìâ v
hn-`m-K-§-sf H-gn-¨p-\n-À-¯n-bm I-t¯m-en-¡
k-`-tbm-Sv sIm-¼p-tImÀ-¡m-\pw {Xm-Wn-bp-@v
d-jy³ HmÀ-¯-tUm-Iv-kv k-`-bv-¡v. tkm-hn-b-äv
bq-Wn-b-\n-se I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-¯n-\v A-´yw
Ip-dn-¡p-hm³ kn.-sF.-F-t]m-ep-Å hn-tZ-i
Nm-c-kw-L-S-\-IÄ a-X-hn-Im-c-s¯ C-f-¡n-hn-
Sp-¶-Xn Pm-K-cq-I-cm-bn-cp-¶p. t]m-fo-jv hw-
i-P³ amÀ-]m-¸ B-Ip-¶ Im-e-¯v t]m-f-
2 P\phcn 2021
A-kw-]v-j³ I-¯o-{U-em-I-Ww tam-
kv-tIm-bn-se G-ä-hpw {]-ap-J-am-b
{In-kv-Xy³-]-Ån. sa-t{Sm-am-¸p ]-c-Xn
A-hn-sS-sb-¯p-hm³ {i-aw \-S-¯n-b-
Xn sN-dn-b A-¡n-Sn-]-än, C-d-§n-b-Xv
H-cp tÌ-j³ ap-t¼ B-bn-t¸m-bn.
s{S-bn-\n \n-¶n-d-§n ]m-Xm-f-tem-Iw
hn-«v I-c-tI-dn-b-t¸mÄ R-§-sf F-Xn-
tc-ä-Xv hn-iz-hn-Jym-X km-ln-Xy-Im-c³
Z-kv-X-sb-hv-kv-In-bp-sS Iq-ä-³ {]-Xn-a-
bm-Wv. A-Xo-h k-t´m-jw tXm-¶n B
Im-gv-N-bnÂ. A-Xn-sâ N-hn-«p-]-Sn-bn-en-
cp-¶v a-e-bm-fn-IÄ-¡v ]-cn-Nn-X-\m-b
km-ln-Xy N-{I-hÀ-¯n-sb \-an-¨p, t£-
{X-k-µÀ-i-\w ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡p-hm³
A-¼-e-\-S-bn-se Xn-«-bn A-ev-]-
t\-cw C-cn-¡pw-t]m-se. Z-kv-X-sb-hv-kv-
In-bp-sS X-«-Iw skâ v ]o-tä-gv _À-Kv
B-bn-cp-s¶-¦n-epw tam-kv-tI-m-bnÂ-
sh-¨m-Wv tZ-i-t{Zm-l-¡p-äw Np-a-¯n
kÀ `-c-W-Iq-Sw A-t±-l-s¯ A-d-Ìv
sN-bv-X-Xv.
57
@n I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-am-bn-cp-¶p F-¶-Xpw
HmÀ-¡-Ww. C-Xn-\p Np-¡m³ ]n-Sn-¨-Xv kn.-
sF.-F. B-bn-cp-¶p F-¶-Xv Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bn
\n-tj-[n-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. A-ta-cn-¡-bn D-Z-bw
sN-bv-X l-tc-Ir-jv-W aq-hv-saâ v-tkm-hn-b-äv bq-
Wn-b-\n Xn-anÀ-¯m-Sn-bn-cp-¶-Xv d-jy³ s^-
U-td-j-sâ h-c-th-m-sS \m-a-am-{X-am-bn F-¶-Xpw
bm-Zr-Ñn-I-am-Ip-hm³ h-gn-bn-Ã. I-cp-Xn-¡q-«n
F-gp-Xn-bp-@m-¡n-b Xn-c-¡-Y-t]m-se kw-`-h-
§Ä Np-cp-f-gn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. C-t¸mÄ d-jy-
bn \n-e-hn-ep-Å `-c-Ww km-t¦-Xn-I-am-bn
a-tX-X-c-am-sW-¦n-epw ss{I-kv-X-h aq-ey-§Ä
A-Xn-i-à-am-bn `-c-W-X-e-¯n th-cp-d-¸n-¨p
I-gn-ªp. C-kv-em-an-se B-Nm-c-§Ä d-jy³
co-Xn-bn-em-I-W-sa-¶v ]p-Pn³ Xp-d-¶-Sn-¨-Xv tem-
Akw]vj³ I¯o{Uensâ DÄhiw
58
I-hmÀ-¯ B-b-tÃm. tam-kv-tIm Im-gv-N-I-fp-sS
Xp-S-¡w H-cp ]-Ån-bn \n-¶pw B-Im-sa-¶v
R-§-fpw I-cp-Xn.
A-kw-]v-j³ I-¯o-{U-em-I-Ww tam-kv-tIm-
bn-se G-ä-hpw {]-ap-J-am-b {In-kv-Xy³-]-Ån.
sa-t{Sm-am-¸p ]-c-Xn A-hn-sS-sb-¯p-hm³ {i-aw
\-S-¯n-b-Xn sN-dn-b A-¡n-Sn-]-än, C-d-§n-b-Xv
H-cp tÌ-j³ ap-t¼ B-bn-t¸m-bn. s{S-bn-\nÂ
\n-¶n-d-§n ]m-Xm-f-tem-Iw hn-«v I-c-tI-dn-b-
t¸mÄ R-§-sf F-Xn-tc-ä-Xv hn-iz-hn-Jym-X
km-ln-Xy-Im-c³ Z-kv-X-sb-hv-kv-In-bp-sS Iq-ä-³
{]-Xn-a-bm-Wv. A-Xo-h k-t´m-jw tXm-¶n B
Im-gv-N-bnÂ. A-Xn-sâ N-hn-«p-]-Sn-bn-en-cp-¶v a-e-
bm-fn-IÄ-¡v ]-cn-Nn-X-\m-b km-ln-Xy N-{I-hÀ-
¯n-sb \-an-¨p, t£-{X-k-µÀ-i-\w ]qÀ-¯n-bm-
2 P\phcn 2021
¡p-hm³ A-¼-e-\-S-bn-se Xn-«-bn A-ev-]-
t\-cw C-cn-¡pw-t]m-se. Z-kv-X-sb-hv-kv-In-bp-sS
X-«-Iw skâ v ]o-tä-gv _À-Kv B-bn-cp-s¶-¦n-epw
tam-kv-tI-m-bnÂ-sh-¨m-Wv tZ-i-t{Zm-l-¡p-äw
Np-a-¯n kÀ `-c-W-Iq-Sw A-t±-l-s¯ A-d-Ìv
sN-bv-X-Xv.
I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-Im-e-¯v A-kw-]v-j³
I-¯o-{UÂ ]q-«n-bn-S-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. ]-t£ d-jy³
P-\-X-bv-¡v in-ev-]-ku-µ-cyw a-Ö-bn-ep-Å-Xp-
sIm-@m-Imw ]-Ån -X-¨p-S-bv-¡-s¸«n-Ã. tIm-Sn-
IÄ sN-e-h-gn-¨v an-\p-¡p ]-Wn-I-fn-I-sfm-s¡
sN-bv-Xv C-t¸mÄ Cu ]-Ån-sb H-cp kp-{]-[m-\
Sq-dn-Ìv B-IÀ-j-W tI-{µ-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
I-t¯m-en-¡-cp-sS amÀ-]m-¸-bv-¡v Xp-ey-]-Z-hn-
bp-Å d-jy³ HmÀ-¯-tUm-Iv-kv k-`m t\-Xm-
2 P\phcn 2021
¡-fp-sS A-´y-hn-{i-a-Ø-ew Iq-Sn-bm-Wv Cu
tZ-hm-e-bw. kp-hÀ-W slÂ-a-äv tj-¸n-ep-Å
A-©p a-Ip-S-§-fpw \m-ep \q-äm-@p ap-¼v A-dn-
b-s¸-Sm-¯ G-tXm A-\p-Kr-lo-X I-em-Im-c³
h-c-¨ I-\ym-a-dn-b-¯n-sâ Iq-ä³ Np-aÀ Nn-{X-hpw
A-kw-]vj³ I-¯o-{U-en-sâ am-äp-Iq-«p-¶p.
c-à-km-£n-I-fm-b A-c-U-k³ ]p-®y-hm-f-·m-
cp-tS-bpw {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw d-jy-bn-se-¯n-¨ sa-{Xm-
s]m-eo-¯-am-cp-tS-bpw Np-hÀ Nn-{X-§Ä sIm-@v
A-ew-Ir-X-am-b Cu hn-im-e-am-b ]-Ån a-µn-c-
am-I-Ww d-jy³ HmÀ-¯-tUm-Iv-kv k-`-bp-sS
kn-cm-tI-{µw, I-t¯m-en-¡-¡mÀ-¡v h-¯n-¡m³
F-¶-t]m-se. kÀ-¡mÀ G-Xm-bm-epw Im-cy-am-b
]-Ww ap-S-¡n ]-f-fn k-ap-¨-b-s¯ kp-{]-[m-\
Sq-dn-Ìv tI-{µ-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C-Xp I-@n-«v
P-\m-[n-]-Xy-d-jy sk-¡p-eÀ cm-jv-{S-§-fp-sS
en-kv-änÂ-s¸-Sp-I-bn-Ãm-sb-¶v tXm-¶n.
Du-_À Sm-Iv-kn-sb-Sp-¯v tam-kv-tIm bq-Wn-
th-gv-kn-än Iym-¼-kn F-¯n. F-sâ F³-©n-
\o-b-dnw-Kv- tIm-f-Pv ]T-\-Im-e-¯v tam-kv-tIm
bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bn \n-¶pw _n-cp-Z-sa-Sp-¯
B-fm-bn-cp-¶p h-Ip-¸p X-e-h³-. A-t±-l-s¯
HmÀ-¯p, kv-a-c-W-IÄ A-{X kp-J-I-c-am-bn-cp-
¶n-Ã. _-\n-b-hÀ-K-¯nÂ-s]-«-bmÄ sX-t¡-
C-´y-¡m-c-sâ t]-cn-e-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-s\ Rm³
I-fn-bm-¡n-b-Xv A-t±-lw A-dn-bp-I-bpw ]T-\w
Xo-cpw-h-sc A-t±-l-¯n-sâ A-{]o-Xn k-¼m-Zn-¨v
I-gn-tb-@n-h-cn--I-bpw -sN-bv-Xp. ]Tn-¸n-¨ hn-j-
I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-Im-e-¯v
A-kw-]v-j³ I-¯o-{UÂ ]q-«n-
bn-S-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. ]-t£ d-jy³
P-\-X-bv-¡v in-ev-]-ku-µ-cyw
a-Ö-bn-ep-Å-Xp-sIm-@m-Imw
]-Ån -X-¨p-S-bv-¡-s¸«n-Ã. tIm-
Sn-IÄ sN-e-h-gn-¨v an-\p-¡p
]-Wn-I-fn-I-sfm-s¡ sN-bv-Xv
C-t¸mÄ Cu ]-Ån-sb H-cp kp-
{]-[m-\ Sq-dn-Ìv B-IÀ-j-W tI-
{µ-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. I-t¯m-
en-¡-cp-sS amÀ-]m-¸-bv-¡v
Xp-ey-]-Z-hn-bp-Å d-jy³ HmÀ-
¯-tUm-Iv-kv k-`m t\-Xm-¡-fp-
sS A-´y-hn-{i-a-Ø-ew Iq-Sn-bm-
Wv Cu tZ-hm-e-bw. kp-hÀ-W
slÂ-a-äv tj-¸n-ep-Å A-©p
a-Ip-S-§-fpw \m-ep \q-äm-@p
ap-¼v A-dn-b-s¸-Sm-¯ G-tXm
A-\p-Kr-lo-X I-em-Im-c³ h-c-
¨ I-\ym-a-dn-b-¯n-sâ Iq-ä³
Np-aÀ Nn-{X-hpw A-kw-]vj³
I-¯o-{U-en-sâ am-äp-Iq-«p-¶p.
59
 b-¯n-ep-Å A-t±-l-¯n-sâ A-dn-hn-sâ ]-cn-an-
Xn £-´-hy-am-bn tXm-¶n-bn-«n-Ã. d-jy³ kÀ-
h-I-em-im-e-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v A-¶v tXm-¶n-b
a-Xn-¸n-Ãm-bv-a-bn I-g-¼p-s@-¶v ]nÂ-¡m-e-¯v
t_m-[y-s¸-«p. B-{^n-¡³ [o-c-tZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpw
tImw-tKm-bp-sS {]-[m-\ a-{´n-bp-am-bn-cp-¶
]m-{Sn-Iv-ep apw-ss_-bp-sS t]-cn sIm-«n-tLm-
jn-¨v tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b³ ]-Sp-¯p-bÀ-¯n-b
s{^³-Uv-jn-¸v bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än C-¶v \m-a-am-{X-
am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. d-jy-bn ssh-Zy-im-kv-{Xw ]
Tn-¡p-hm³ t]m-b ]-e-cpw tUm-Iv-S-dm-Ip-¶-Xn-
\p-]-I-cw _n-kn-\-Êp-sse³ sX-c-sª-Sp-¡p-
¶-Xpw Iu-Xp-I-ap-WÀ-¯n-bn-«p-@v. F-s´-m-s¡
-B-bm-epw tam-kv-tIm bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bp-sS
]-Sn-hm-Xn-en-se-¯n-b-t¸m-Ä H-cp ]-Sp-Iq-ä³
k-c-kz-Xo-t£-{X-¯n-se-¯n-b {]-Xo-Xn D-@m-
bn. h-\-`m-K-¯v Ip-¶n³ ap-I-fn-se I-em-e-b
B-Øm-\-¯n \n-¶p-Å \-K-c Zr-iyw B-IÀ-
j-I-am-bn-cp-¶p. Xm-sg A-Sp-¯m-bn I-@ tÌ-
Un-b-¯n-em-Wv tem-I-^p-Sv-t_mÄ a-Õ-c-¯n-se
A-h-km-\-I-fn A-c-t§-dn-b-Xv.
s]-s«-s¶-¯n-b Nm-äÂ-a-g B-sI Ip-g-¡n.
Ip-S-sbm-¶pw ssI-bn-en-Ã, X-e- \-\-bm-sX I-b-
dn \nÂ-¡p-hm-s\m-cn-S-hp-an-Ã. `m-Ky-¯n-\v a-g
s]m-Sp-¶-s\ \n-e-¨p. ssa-Xm-\w ho-@pw k-Po-

{Iwen³

60 2 P\phcn 2021
h-am-bn. kÀ `-c-W-Im-e-s¯ cm-P-Io-b th-j-
¯n H-cp ]p-cp-j-\pw kv-{Xo-bpw ]m-«pw ]m-Sn
BÄ-¡q-«-¯n-eq-sS \-S-¡p-¶-Xp I-@p. A-h-
cp-sS Iq-sS \n-¶v t^m-t«m F-Sp-¡m-sa-¶p
I-cp-Xn. kw-K-Xn ku-P-\y-a-Ã. ]-W-s¨-e-hp-@v.
tNm-Zn-¡p-¶ Xp-I-bpw Xp-O-a-Ã. G-Xm-bm-epw
]-Ww sIm-Sp-¯v A-`n-\-h kÀ N-{I-hÀ-¯n-bp-
sS Iq-sS \n-¶v t^m-t«m F-Sp-t¡-@-sb-¶p
hn-Nm-cn-¨p. ]-t£ A-bmÄ R-§-sf hn-Sp-¶
a-«n-Ã. Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm³ I-gn-bm-¯ H-cp ln-µn kn-
\n-am-Km-\-¯n-sâ Cu-c-Sn-IÄ ]m-Sn ]nd-tI-Iq-
Sn. d-jy-bn bm-N-I-i-eyw I-em-]-c-am-bn- -XoÀ-
¶n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ p- s h- ¶ p- t Xm- ¶ n. F- s â t]
m-¡-än-ep-Å kzÀ-W-\n-d-¯n-ep-Å t]-\ sIm-
Sp-¯m F-{X -t^m-t«m-IÄ th-W-sa-¦n-epw
F-Sp-¯p sIm-Åm³ B ]m-hw ]-d-ªp. -kzÀ-
W-\n-d-am-sW-¦n-epw t]-\ ]-g-©-\m-bn-cp-¶p.
k-t´m-j-]qÀ-hw A-bmÄ-¡v t]-\ \Â-In
t^m-t«-m-IÄ ]-e-sX-Sp-¯p. ]m-h-¯n-\v \n-[n-
In-«n-b-t]m-se B-bn, F-sâ kw-i-bw _m-¡n
B-bn, d-jy-bn t]-\ £m-a-tam?
Sm-Iv-kn-bn ho-@pw sd-Uv kv-Iz-b-dn-se-¯n.
a-g ho-@pw i-ey-am-bn. C-¯-h-W H-Xp-§n-\n
Â-¡p-hm³ ]-e-bn-S-§Ä-I-@p. a-Wn-¡q-tdm-fw
\o-@ a-g I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ t\-cw D-¨-bm-bn. Np-
2 P\phcn 2021
kÀ `-c-W-Im-e-s¯ cm-P-Io-b th-j-
¯n H-cp ]p-cp-j-\pw kv-{Xo-bpw
]m-«pw ]m-Sn BÄ-¡q-«-¯n-eq-sS
\-S-¡p-¶-Xp I-@p. A-h-cp-sS Iq-sS
\n-¶v t^m-t«m F-Sp-¡m-sa-¶p I-cp-
Xn. kw-K-Xn ku-P-\y-a-Ã. ]-W-s¨-e-
hp-@v. tNm-Zn-¡p-¶ Xp-I-bpw Xp-O-
a-Ã. G-Xm-bm-epw ]-Ww sIm-Sp-¯v
A-`n-\-h kÀ N-{I-hÀ-¯n-bp-sS
Iq-sS \n-¶v t^m-t«m F-Sp-t¡-@-
sb-¶p hn-Nm-cn-¨p. ]-t£ A-bmÄ
R-§-sf hn-Sp-¶ a-«n-Ã. Xn-cn-¨-dn-
bm³ I-gn-bm-¯ H-cp ln-µn kn-\n-am-
Km-\-¯n-sâ Cu-c-Sn-IÄ ]m-Sn
]nd-tI-Iq-Sn. d-jy-bn bm-N-I-i-eyw
I-em-]-c-am-bn- -XoÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-
¶p-tXm-¶n. F-sâ t]m-¡-än-ep-Å
kzÀ-W-\n-d-¯n-ep-Å t]-\ sIm-Sp-
¯m F-{X -t^m-t«m-IÄ th-W-sa-
¦n-epw F-Sp-¯p sIm-Åm³ B
]m-hw ]-d-ªp. -kzÀ-W-\n-d-am-sW-¦n-
epw t]-\ ]-g-©-\m-bn-cp-¶p.
h-¸p N-Xp-c-¯n-sâ Im-X-em-b `m-K-¯v I-S-¡p-I
C-\n _p-²n-ap-«m-Wv. tem-I-¯n-sâ \m-\m `m-K-
¯p-\n-¶p-sa-¯n-b Sq-dn-Ìp-I-sf ho-£n-¨p-sIm-
@v R-§-Ä sX-¡p-h-S-¡p \-S-¶p. H-cp Iq-«w
kÀ-ZmÀ-Pn-am-sc I-@-Xv Iu-Xp-Iw D-WÀ-¯n.
kz-bw \-S-¡m³ {Xm-Wn-bn-Ãm-¯ H-cp ]-Sp-In-
g-hn-sb-bpw Iq-«n-bm-Wv ]-©m-_o kw-Lw
F-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. sIm-¨p-Ip-ªn-s\-sb-
¶-t]m-se In-g-hn-sb H-s¡-s¯-Sp-¯p-sIm-@v
Im-gv-N-IÄ Im-Wp-¶ kÀ-ZmÀ-Pn Im-cp-Wy-¯n-
sâ A-h-Xm-c-am-bn-tXm-¶n.
]p-IÄ-s]-ä tkm-hn-b-äv ssk-\ym-[n-]-³ amÀ-
61
{Kmâ v {Iwen³ ]mekv-
j kp-tJm-hn-sâ {]-Xn-a-bv-¡p ap-¶n \n-¶v
Rm³ k-eyq-«-Sn-¨-Xv sk-Iyq-cn-än Po-h-\-¡m-c³
Iu-Xp-I-t¯m-sS t\m-¡p-¶-Xv {i-²n-¨p. Rm-
s\m-cp dn-«-tbÀ-Uv C-´y³ P-\-d-em-sW-¶v
A-bm-Ä [-cn-¨p-Im-Wp-tam? B-sW-¶v hn-iz-kn-
¡p-hm³ {i-an-¨p. ]-«m-f-th-j-¯n-ep-Å F-sâ
cq-]w HmÀ-¯-t¸mÄ Nn-cn-h-¶p. c-@mw tem-I-
bp-²-¯n ln-ä-ve-dn-sâ X-«-I-¯n-se-¯n _À-
en³ ]n-Sn-s¨-Sp-¯ P-\-d-en-sâ ap-¶n \n-¶p
Nn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw i-cn-b-Ãm-sb-¶p-tXm-¶n.
D-¨-`-£-Ww {Iw-en-en-\-cn-sI-bp-Å H-cp Hm-
¸¬ F-bÀ ]n-k tjm-¸n-em-¡n. A-Sp-¯ ta-
i-bn-en-cp-¶ \m-e-©p d-jy³ bp-hm-¡Ä-¡v
R-§-sf ]-cn-Nb -- -s¸t« a-Xn-bm-Iq. A-e-Iv-km-
@À tkmÄ-sj-\n-Ì-s\-t¸m-se C-´y ap-gp-h³
A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ F-gp-¯p-Im-c-s\-¶p ]-d-ªv
k-J-dn-bm-sb A-hÀ-¡v ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n. A-hÀ
A-e-Iv-km-@À tkmÄ-sj\n-Ì-sâ t]-cv tI-«n-
t«-bn-Ã F-¶-dn-ª-t¸mÄ A-hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-bn
tXm-¶n. H-tcm tIm-¸ _n-bÀ R-§Ä-¡p- hm-
§n-¯-¶v C-t´m--- -þ-d-jy³ ku-lr-Zw B bp-
hm-¡Ä A-S-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯n. Xn³ {I-Ìv-]n-k
-Xn-¶v _n-b-dpw Ip-Sn-¨-t¸mÄ D-d-¡-£o-Ww
I-e-i-em-bn. ]n-k-bpw lmw-_À-¤-dpw tlm-«v
62
tUm-Kpw sIâ-¡n Nn-¡-\p-sam-s¡ B-bn A-ta-
cn-¡- tem-I-am-sI ]-Sp-¯p-bÀ-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶
`-£y km-{am-Py-s¯ HmÀ-¯v A-kq-b-tXm-¶n.
]n³-I-S-bn-se sN-dp-¸-¡mÀ tkmÄsj-\n-Ìn-
s\-¡p-dn-¨v tI-«n-Ãm-sb-¶p `m-hn-¨-Xm-Ip-tam?
tkm-hn-b-äv `-c-W-¯n-sâ C-cp-@-ap-Jw B-[n-
Im-cn-I-am-bn km-ln-Xy kr-jv-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS tem-
I-s¯ B-Zy-am-bn A-dn-bn-¨-Xv tkmÄ-sj-\n-
Ì-\m-W-tÃm. t_m-dn-kv ]m-ÌÀ \m-¡n-sâ hn-
iz-{]-kn-²-Ir-Xn "tUm-Iv-SÀ jn-hm-tKm' t\m-
_Â k-½m-\w t\-Sn-bn-«pw tkm-hn-b-äv bq-
Wn-b-\n \n-tcm-[n-¡-s¸-«-Xv F-´n-\m-sW-¶v
Rm³ B-Ý-cy-s¸-«p-t]m-bn-«p-@v. H-c-Xp-ey
t{]-a-I-Y hn-¹-h-¯n-sâ _r-l-¯m-b Im³-hm-
kn tIm-dn-bn-«v A-{`-]m-fn-bn ]-IÀ-¯s-- ¸-«-
t¸mÄ Hm-kv-ImÀ A-hmÀ-Up-I-Ä B-sd-®w
I-c-Ø-am-¡n. I-ayq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-s¯ ]-tcm-£-
am-bn hn-aÀ-in-¡p-¶n-Ã B Ir-Xn. F-¶n-«pw
tUm-Iv-SÀ-jn-hm-tKm d-jy³ a-\-Êp-I-fnÂ
C-¶pw A-\-iz-c-\m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. tkmÄ-sj\n-
äv-k³ `-b-Iu-Sn-ey-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm-sX ]-¨-bm-bn
tkm-hn-b-äv kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ a-\p-jym-h-Im-i [zw-
k-\-§-sf \n-in-X-am-bn hn-aÀ-in-¨p. C-Xn-sâ
t]-cn A-t±-lw \m-Sp-I-S-¯-s¸-«p. A-ta-cn-¡
2 P\phcn 2021
A-t±-l-s¯ C-cp-ssI-I-fm kzo-I-cn-¨p. ]p-IÄ-s]-ä tkm-hn-b-äv ssk-
A-¡m-e-¯v Cu te-J-I³ A-ta-cn-¡-bn \ym-[n-]-³ amÀ-j kp-tJm-hn-
{]-hm-kn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. hm-jnw-Kv-S¬ Un.-kn.-bn- sâ {]-Xn-a-bv-¡p ap-¶n \n-¶v
se \m-j-W {]-kv-¢-ºn tkmÄ-sj-\n- Rm³ k-eyq-«-Sn-¨-Xv sk-Iyq-cn-än
äv-ksâ A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se B-Zy-s¯ {]-kw-Kw
tIÄ-¡m³ t{im-Xm-hm-bn Rm-\pw D-@m-bn-cp- Po-h-\-¡m-c³ Iu-Xp-I-t¯m-sS
¶p. t]m-Un-b-¯n \n-¶p sIm-@p-f-f {]-kw- t\m-¡p-¶-Xv {i-²n-¨p. Rm-s\m-cp
K-am-bn-cp-¶n-à A-Xv, tÌ-Pn \-S-¶p-sIm-@v dn-«-tbÀ-Uv C-´y³ P-\-d-em-sW-
tam-tWm-B-Iv-Sv ssÌ-en tkm¬-sj\n-̳ ¶v A-bm-Ä [-cn-¨p-Im-Wp-tam?
I-¯n-¡-b-dp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. d-jy³ `m-j-bn-se B-sW-¶v hn-iz-kn-¡p-hm³ {i-an-
{]-kw-K-¯n-\v XÂ-k-a-b Bw-K-e hn-hÀ-¯-\w ¨p. ]-«m-f-th-j-¯n-ep-Å F-sâ
e-`y-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦n-epw {i-²- t]m-b-sXm-s¡ cq-]w HmÀ-¯-t¸mÄ Nn-cn-h-¶p.
skmÄ-sj\n-äv-k-sâ `m-hm-`n-\-b-¯n-em-bn-cp-
¶p. ta-¸nÄ a-c-§-fm Np-ä-s¸-«v shÀ-tam-@v c-@mw tem-I-bp-²-¯n ln-ä-ve-dn-
tÌ-än-se Xm-gvh- m-c¯
- n A-ta-cn-¡³ kÀ-¡mÀ sâ X-«-I-¯n-se-¯n _À-en³
H-cp a-Wn-am-fn-I tkmÄ-sj\n-äv-k-sâ kp-J- ]n-Sn-s¨-Sp-¯ P-\-d-en-sâ ap-¶nÂ
Xm-a-k-¯n-\m-bn H-cp-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. t{Sm-Sv-kv-In- \n-¶p Nn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw i-cn-b-
bp-sS I-Y-t]m-se A-t±-l-s¯ h-[n-¡p-hm³ Ãm-sb-¶p-tXm-¶n. D-¨-`-£-Ww
tkm-hn-b-äv Nm-c-kw-L-S-\ sI.-Pn.-_n. {i-an-¨-Xv {Iw-en-en-\-cn-sI-bp-Å H-cp Hm-
kn.-sF.F ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯n. C-Xp-sIm-s@m- ¸¬ F-bÀ ]n-k tjm-¸n-em-¡n.
¶pw B hn-iz-km-ln-Xy-Im-c³ Xr-]v-X-\m-bn- A-Sp-¯ ta-i-bn-en-cp-¶ \m-e-©p
sÃ-¶p am-{X-a-Ã Im-e-{I-ta-W A-t±-lw A-ta-
cn-¡³ km-aq-ln-I km-¼-¯n-I-hy-h-Ø-I-fp-sS d-jy³ bp-hm-¡Ä-¡v R-§-sf
I-Sp-¯ hn-aÀ-i-I-\m-bn- Xo-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]-cn-N-b-s¸t« a-Xn-bm-Iq.
tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b-sâ ]-X-\-t¯m-sS t_m-
dn-kv sbÂ-äv-kn³ A-[n-Im-c-¯n-te-dn-b-t¸mÄ
tkmÄ-sj\n-äv-k³ d-jy-bn-te-¡v a-S-§n. sbÂ- ZkvXsbhv-kv-In {]Xna
äv-kn-sâ hn-aÀ-i-I-\m-bn-am-dm-\pw tkmÄ-sj-
\n-äv-k-\v A-[n-I-Im-ew th-@n-h-¶n-Ã. d-jy-bp-
sS A-`n-\-h D-cp-¡p-a-\p-jy³ ]p-Pn-s\ Xp-S-
¡-¯nÂ-X-s¶ ]n´p-W-¡p-hm-\pw tkmÄ-
sj\n-̳ a-Sn-¨n-Ã. I-ayq-Wn-k-s¯ \-J-in-
Jm-´w F-XnÀ-¯n-cp-¶ tkmÄ-sj-\n-äv-k³
A-Xn-sâ a-dp-]p-dw I-@v Jn-¶-\m-bn-«m-Wv A-
´y-\m-fp-I-fn I-gn-ª-Xv. d-jy³ N-cn-{X-¯n-
se H-cp ]-t£ G-ä-hpw \nÀ-`-b-\m-b km-ln-
Xy-Im-c-\v B-[p-\n-I d-jy-bn A-[n-Iw B-cm-
[-I-cn-Ãm-sb-¶-Xv A-hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-bn -tXm-¶n.
D-¨-bv-¡p-Å ar-jv-Sm-¶ -]n-k-t`m-P-\-¯n-\v
kp-Nn-¯pw Iq-Sn. d-jy³ bm-{X-bp-sS I-c-Sp-cq-
]-¯n \n-¶pw hy-à-am-b bm-{Xm-]-cn-]m-Sn
kp-Nn-¯n-sâ k-lm-b-t¯m-sS X-¿m-dm-¡n.
s{S-bn³-bm-{X t\-c-s¯ I-cp-Xn-b-Xp-t]m-se
em-`-I-c-a-Ã-sb-¶pw B-`y-´-c hn-am-\-kÀ-ho-
kp-IÄ sIm-¡n-se-m-Xp-§p-¶-Xm-sW-¶pw a-\-
Ên-em-¡n. tam-kv-tIm-bn \n-¶pw skâ v
]o-tä-gv-kv _À-Kn-te-¡v s{S-bn-\n-epw A-hn-sS
\n-¶pw F-¡n-«³ _À-Kn-te-¡pw ho-@pw ssk-
_o-cn-bm-bn-se CÀ-¡-«v-kn-te-¡pw A-h-km-\w
tam-kv-tIm-bn-te-bv-¡p-Å a-S-¡-bm-{X-bpw hn-
am-\-amÀ-Kw B-Im-sa-¶v Xo-cp-am-\n-¨v Sn-¡-än-S-
]m-Sp-IÄ kp-Nn-¯n-sâ k-lm-b-t¯m-sS \-S-
¯n.
]n-tä-¶p ho-@pw sd-Uv kv-Iz-b-dn-se-¯n.
c-@p-X-h-W {Iw-en-\n-se-¯n-bn-«pw A-Xn-sâ
KÀ-`-Kr-l-¯n-te-¡v I-b-dm-s\m-¯n-cp-¶n-Ã.
A-Xn-\m cm-hn-se X-s¶ F-¯n- Iyq-hnÂ
C-Sw ]n-Sn-¨p, H-cp a-Wn-¡q-tdm-f-ta Iyq-hn \n
Â-t¡-@n-h-¶p-Åp. A-I-¯p I-b-dn-b-t¸mÄ
2 P\phcn 2021
63
t\-c-s¯ ]p-d-¯p-\n-¶pw I-@-Xn-sâ Du-lw
sh-¨v `m-h-\-bn I-@n-cp-¶ tem-I-a-Ãn-sX-¶p-
a-\-Ên-em-bn. A-Xn-hn-im-e-am-b hn-¹-hm-¦-Ww
I-@v sN-dn-b tXm-Xn-se-¦n-epw Rm³ hn-Im-cm-
[o-\-\m-bn. \q-äm-@n-sâ N-cn-{X-¯m-fp-I-fn-te-¡v
F-sâ Nn-´m-[m-c ]-c-Xn-\-S-¶p. kÀ N-{I-hÀ-
¯n-bpw se-\n³-þ-Ìm-en³ {]-Xn-`-I-fpw Xn-I-¨pw
A-S-¡n-hm-W C-cp-¼p-a-d-bp-sS G-ä-hpw A-I-s¯
A-d-bn-em-Wv Rm-s\-¶ t_m-[w F-s¶ ssh-
Im-cn-I-X-e-¯n F-¯n-¨-Xn A-Xn-i-bn-¡m-
\n-Ã.
C-¶n-t¸mÄ sd-Uv-kv-Iz-b-dn-s\ Np-ä-s¸-«n-cp-¶
C-cp-¼p-a-d- \o-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. t]-cp-X-s¶ am-
dn, C-t¸mÄ sd-Uv-kv-Iz-bÀ A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv
\yq {Iw-en³ skâÀ F-¶m-Wv. Im-hÂ-¡m-c-
\m-b sk-Iyq-cn-än-KmÀ-Uv \nÀ-Po-hn-I-W-s¡
C- a - s h- « m- s X {]- X n- a - t ]m- s e \nÂ- ¡ p- ¶ p.
A-bmÄ-¡-cn-In sN-¶v skÂ-^n F-Sp-¡p-¶-
Xn-\pw hn-tcm-[-an-Ã. \q-äm-@p-ap-¼v C-§-s\-sbm-
cp ko³ B-tem-Nn-¡p-hm³ Iq-Sn-¡gn-bp-am-bn-
cp-¶n-Ã-tÃm.
{Iw-en-\-I-¯v ]-Wn-Xn-cn-¡p-¶ \-ho-\ Hm-
^o-kv k-ap-¨-bw Iu-Xp-Iw P-\n-¸n-¨p. d-jy³
hm-kv-Xp inÂ-]-co-Xn-I-fn \n-¶pw hy-Xn-N-en-¨v
A-ta-cn-¡³ tam-U-en ]-Wn-Xn-cn-¡p-¶ a-µn-cw
hm-jnw-Kv-S¬ Un.-kn-bn-se sI-¶-Un skâ-dn-
sâ A-\p-I-c-W-am-bn tXm-¶n. UÂ-ln-bn-se
bp.-F-kv.- Fw-_-kn-¡pw C-tX-cq-]-am-Wp-Å-Xv.
c-@n-sâ-bpw hm-kv-Xp-in-ev-]n H-cm-fm-sW-¶-dn-
bp-¶p. A-t±-l-am-bn-cn-¡p-tam {Iw-en-\n-epw
ssI-ap-{Z ]-Xn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv? sI-«n-S-ap-I-fnÂ
]-Xn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ d-jy³ dn-¸-»n-¡n-sâ Nn-Ów
A-ta-cn-¡³ sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-tS-Xp-t]m-se F-¶-
Xpw A-Ûp-X-s¸-Sp-¯n. c-@n-epw {]-[m-\-am-bn
D-Å-Xv I-gp-I-sâ Nn-{Xw X-s¶. {Iw-en-\nÂ
a-sä-Ãm-a-µn-c-§-fn-epw ]-g-b tkm-hn-b-äv Nn-Ó-
am-b A-cn-hm-fpw Np-än-I-bpw C-t¸m-gpw {]-ZÀ-in-
¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv {]-Xo-£n-¨-X-Ã. amÀ-Iv-kn-sâ-
bpw se-\n--sâ-bpw {]-Xn-a-I-fp-sS Iq-«-¯nÂ
A-cn-hm-fpw Np-än-I-bpw Iq-Sn ]p-Xn-b d-jy³
dn-¸-»n-¡n-\v hÀ-Py-a-Ãm-sb-¶p I-cp-X-Ww.
\yq {Iw-en³ skâÀ \nÀ-Po-h-a-Ã; Sq-dn-Ìp-
IÄ-¡m-bn Xp-d-¶p sh-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ Im-gv-N-Ø-
e-hp-a-Ã. kÀ-¡mÀ kn-cm-tI-{µ-¯n-se Hu-tZym-
Kn-I Im-cy-§Ä C-hn-sS \nÀ-_m-[w \-S-¡p-¶p.
-{]-kn-Uâ v ]p-Pn-sâ (a-e-bm-f am-[y-a-§Ä ]
p-«n³ F-s¶-gp-Xn-¡m-Wp-t¼m-Ä a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS
]p-«-Sn {]-tbm-K-am-Wv HmÀ-a-bn h-cn-I.) Hu-
tZym-Kn-I h-k-Xn-bpw Hm-^o-kp-sam-s¡ C-t¸m-
gpw C-Xn-\-I-¯p-X-s¶. C-´y-bn-se Øn-Xn-sh-
¨p t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ s]m-eo-kp-Im-cp-sS H-cp
]-S-X-s¶ C-hn-sS Im-tW-@-Xm-W.v A-§n-§m-
bn hn-\y-kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ sk-Iyq-cn-än KmÀ-Up-I-
sfm-gn-¨v bq-W-n-t^m-an-«- t]m-eo-kp-Im-cp-sS
s]m- S n- t ]m- e pw k- a o- ] - s ¯- § pw I- @ n- Ã .
s]m-Xp-ho-Yn-I-fn-epw C-Xp-X-s¶ A-h-Ø-sb-
¶-Xpw Iu-Xp-Iw P-\n-¸n-¨p.
{Iw-en³ h-f-¸n-\-I-s¯ H-cp {]-[m-\ Im-gv-N-
Ø-e-am-Wv BÀ-a-dn. C-Xn-s\ H-cp ayq-kn-b-am-
64
bn- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xm-Ipw i-cn. {]-th-i-\-^o-
kpw {]-tXy-I-am-bn \Â-I-Ww. hn-¹-hm-\-´-c
tkm-hn-b-äv bq-Wn-b-sâ A-S-bm-f-§-sfm-¶pw
C-hn-sS I-@n-Ã. A-Xn-\m-bn th-sdm-cp ayq-kn-
bw D-s@-¶-dn-ªp. BÀ-a-dn F-¶ t]-cv kq-
Nn-¸n-¡pw- t]m-se kÀ N-{I-hÀ-¯n-am-cp-sS
`-c-W-Im-e-s¯ ]-S-t¡m-¸p-I-fm-Wv C-hn-sS
ap-Jy-am-bpw {]-ZÀ-i-\-¯n-ep-Å-Xv.- bm-tcm-Ém-hv
F-¶-t]-cn-se cm-P-Ip-am-c³ bp-²-¡-f-¯nÂ
D-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶ slÂ-a-äv I-@-t¸mÄ A-sXm-
cp In-co-S-am-tWm F-¶p kw-i-bn-¨p. C-Xpw
sh-¨p-sIm-@v cm-Pm-hv A-S-cm-Sp-¶-Xv `m-h-\-bnÂ
I-@-Xv tIm-am-fn \r-¯w t]m-se tXm-¶n.
a-lm-\m-b ]o-äÀ N-{I-hÀ-¯n-bp-sS H-cp-tPm-Un
kq-«p-IÄ I-@-t¸mÄ B-Z-c-hp-tXm-¶n. F-®-a-ä
{Iw-en-\-I-¯v ]-Wn-Xn-cn-¡p-¶ \-ho-\
Hm-^o-kv k-ap-¨-bw Iu-Xp-Iw P-\n-
¸n-¨p. d-jy³ hm-kv-Xp inÂ-]-co-Xn-I-
fn \n-¶pw hy-Xn-N-en-¨v A-ta-cn-¡³
tam-U-en ]-Wn-Xn-cn-¡p-¶ a-µn-cw
hm-jnw-Kv-S¬ Un.-kn-bn-se sI-¶-Un
skâ-dn-sâ A-\p-I-c-W-am-bn tXm-
¶n. UÂ-ln-bn-se bp.-F-kv.- Fw-
_-kn-¡pw C-tX-cq-]-am-Wp-Å-Xv.
c-@n-sâ-bpw hm-kv-Xp-in-ev-]n H-cm-fm-
sW-¶-dn-bp-¶p. A-t±-l-am-bn-cn-¡p-
tam {Iw-en-\n-epw ssI-ap-{Z ]-Xn-
¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv? sI-«n-S-ap-I-fnÂ
]-Xn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ d-jy³ dn-¸-»n-
¡n-sâ Nn-Ów A-ta-cn-¡³ sF-Iy-
\m-Sp-I-fp-tS-Xp-t]m-se F-¶-Xpw
A-Ûp-X-s¸-Sp-¯n. c-@n-epw {]-[m-\-
am-bn D-Å-Xv I-gp-I-sâ Nn-{Xw X-s¶.
{Iw-en-\n a-sä-Ãm-a-µn-c-§-fn-epw
]-g-b tkm-hn-b-äv Nn-Ó-am-b A-cn-hm-
fpw Np-än-I-bpw C-t¸m-gpw {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-
¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv {]-Xo-£n-¨-X-Ã.
h-{P-¡-Ãp-IÄ ]-Xn-¨ knw-lm-k-\-¯n ]p-
cm-X-\ d-jym-N-cn-{X-¯n-se G-ä-hpw Xn-f-¡-
amÀ-¶ ]o-äÀ N-{I-hÀ-¯n A-ht- cm-ln-X\- m-bX - nÂ
B-Ëm-Zw tXm-¶n. ]-Xn-s\-«mw \q-äm-@nÂ
\m-Sp-hm-W F-en-k-_-¯v cm-Ún-bp-sS In-co-
S-[m-c-W-th-f-bn-se BÀ-`m-S h-kv-{Xw H-¶p-Im-
tW-@-Xp X-s¶-bm-Wv. C-Xp-t]m-se ]-Xn-\-¿m-
bn-cw {U-Êp-IÄ cm-Ún-bv-¡p-@m-bn-cp-¶-Xm-bn
A-dn-ªp. Ip-Xn-c-IÄ h-en-¨n-cp-¶ cm-P-Io-b-
i-I-S-§Ä Iu-Xp-I-ap-WÀ-¯n. In-co-S [m-c-W-
¯n-\v F-en-k-_-¯v skâ v ]o-tä-gv _À-KnÂ
\n-¶pw tam-kv-tIm-h-sc bm-{X sN-bv-X hm-l-\w
C-cp-]-¯n-aq-¶p Ip-Xn-c-I-fm-Wv h-en-¨n-cp--¶-Xv.
tam-kv-tIm-h-sc-bp-Å {Sn-¸n-\v F-®-a-ä Ip-Xn-c-
2 P\phcn 2021
I-sf hn-\y-kn-t¡-@n-h-¶p F-¶pw A-dn-ªp. A-e-Iv-km-@À tkmÄ-sj-\n-
A-d-_n-\m-Sn-sâ ss]-Xr-Iw t]-dp-¶ Ip-Xn-c- Ì-s\-t¸m-se C-´y ap-gp-h³
hÀ-Kw tam-t«mÀ Im-dn-sâ Xn-c-]p-d-¸m-Sp-h-sc
tem-I-sa-§pw a-\p-jy-sâ K-Xm-K-Xw kp-K-a-am- A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ F-gp-¯p-Im-
¡n-bn-cp-¶p F-¶pw HmÀ-¯p. c-s\-¶p ]-d-ªv k-J-dn-bm-
BÀ- a - d n- ¡ pw k- a o- ] - ¯ p- Å A- \ ³- k n- sb A-hÀ-¡v ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-
tb-j³ I-¯o-{U-en-\p-an-S-bv-¡m-Wv {Kmâ v ¯n. A-hÀ A-e-Iv-km-@À
{Iw-en³ ]m-e-kv F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ F-gp-¶q-dp- tkmÄ-sj\n-Ì-sâ t]-cv
ap-dn-I-fp-f-f Iq-ä³ sIm-«m-cw. 1838 ap-XÂ 1849 tI-«n-t«-bn-Ã F-¶-dn-ª-
h-sc kÀ N-{I-hÀ-¯n-amÀ- C-hn-sS- ]mÀ-¯n-cp- t¸mÄ A-hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-bn
¶p. C-t¸m-gn-Xv d-jy³ {]-kn-Uân-sâ Hu-tZym-
Kn-I- h-k-Xn-bm-Wv. ]p-Pn³ C-hn-sS-bm-tWm tXm-¶n. H-mtcm tIm-¸ _n-
Xm-a-kw F-¶p kw-i-bw, hn-tZ-i hn.-sF. bÀ R-§Ä-¡p- hm-§n-¯-
]n-IÄ-¡v kzo-I-c-Ww H-cp-¡p-¶-Xv C-hn-sS-bm- ¶v C-t´m---þ-d-jy³ ku-lr-Zw
sW-¶-dn-ªp. A-ta-cn-¡³ {]-kn-Uân-sâ B bp-hm-¡Ä A-S-bm-f-
h-k-Xn-bm-b ssh-äv lu-kn-en-¶pw k-µ-À-i-IÀ- s¸-Sp-¯n. Xn³ {I-Ìv-]n-k
¡v {]-th-i-\w D-@v. {Iw-en³ sIm-«m-c-¯n -Xn-¶v _n-b-dpw Ip-Sn-¨-t¸mÄ
A-Xp {]-X-o-£n-t¡-@. D-d-¡-£o-Ww I-e-i-em-bn.
{Iw-en-\-I-¯v H-¶n-te-sd sIm-«m-c-§-Ä ]n-k-bpw lmw-_À-¤-dpw
I-@p, F-Ãmw ]p-d-¯p-\n-¶v. G-ä-hpw B-IÀ-
j-I-am-bn -tXm-¶n-b-Xv sS-tdw sIm-«m-c-am-Wv. tlm-«v tUm-Kpw sIâ-¡n
I-Ãp-IÄ sIm-@v ]-Wn-Xn-cn-¡p-¶ Cu sIm- Nn-¡-\p-sam-s¡ B-bn
«m-c-¯n-\v A-©p-\q-äm-@v ]-g-¡w D-@v. ]-Xn- A-ta-cn-¡- tem-I-am-sI
s\m-¶p kzÀ-W-\n-d-ap-Å tKm-]p-c-§Ä Cu ]-Sp-¯p-bÀ-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶
sIm-«m-c-s¯ A-e-¦-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv a-t\m-l-c- `-£y km-{am-Py-s¯ HmÀ-¯v
am-b Im-gv-N-X-s¶-bm-Wv. A-kq-b-tXm-¶n.
{Iw-en-\-I-s¯ H-cp {]-[-m-\ Im-gv-N-bm-Wv
sF-h³ Zn K-äv sk³-{SÂ S-hÀ, \q-än-ap-¸-¯n-
aq-¶p ]-Sn-IÄ I-b-dn tKm-]p-c-¯n-sâ ap-I-fn-
se-¯n-bm A-h-i-\m-Ipw F-¶-Xn kw-i-

193-2-þ1933 Imes¯ sImSpw]«nWnbn heª djy³ IÀjIÀ

2 P\phcn 2021
65
tamkv-tIm bqWnthgv-knän
b-an-Ã. ]-Sn-IÄ-I-b-dpw- ap-t¼ S-h-dn H-cp-¡n-
bn-cp-¶ aÄ-«n-ao-Un-b -F-Iv-kn-_n-j³ {Iw-en³
N-cn-{Xw Kp-fn-I-cq-]-¯n A-Xo-h- Nm-cp-X-tbm-
sS {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-I-@p. tKm-]p-c-ap-I-
fn-se-¯n-bm {Iw-en-sâ B-Im-i ho-£-Ww
B-kz-Zn-¡mw. Cu I-em-]-cn-]m-Sn-bn h-en-b
{Xn-sÃm-¶pw tXm-¶m-¯-Xv B-hÀ-¯-\ hn-c-k-
X-sIm-@m-Imw. ]m-co-kn-epw hm-jnw-Kv-S¬ Un.-
kn-bn-epw \yq-tbmÀ-¡n-epw H-s¡ tKm-]p-c-§Ä
I-b-dn C-d-§n-bn-«p-@v. tKm-]p-c-§-tfm-Sv H-cp
X-c-¯n-Â hn-c-àn -tXm-¶n-¯p-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv kzm-`m-hn-Iw. sF-h³ tKm-]p-c- Np-h-«nÂ
{]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ ]-Sp-Iq-ä³ a-Wn-bpw h-en-
¸-¯n-ep-Å kÀ N-{I-hÀ-¯n-bp-sS ]o-c-¦n-bpw
F-t¸m-sg-¦n-epw D-]-tbm-K-¯n-em-bn-«p-t@m
F-¶p kw-i-bn-¡-Ww.
{Iw-en-\n Im-Wm³ _m-¡n-bm-bn-«p-Å-sX-
Ãmw a-S-¡-bm-{X-bv-¡v Xn-cn-¨v tam-kv-tIm-bn-se-
¯p-t¼mÄ In-«p-¶ c-@p Zn-\-§-fn I-@p-XoÀ-
¡m-sa-¶p I-cp-Xn. \n-Xy-\n-{Z-bn In-S-¡p-
¶- se-\n-sâ `u-Xn-I-i-co-cw F-{X-t\-cw Iyq-
hn \nÂ-t¡-@n-h¶ - m-epw I-t@-aS- §
- q F-¶pw
XoÀ-¨-bm-¡n. lm-t\m-bn-bn tlm-Nn-an³
I-@p, C-hn-sS se-\n³, H-cp-\mÄ t_-bv-Pnw-Kn-
se-¯n am-thm-sb-bpw I-@m I-ayq-Wn-Ìv
i-h-{X-b-ZÀ-i-\-§Ä ]qÀ-¯n-bm-Ip-sa-¶v tXm-
¶n-b-Xv H-cp bm-{Xn-I-sâ Ip-kr-Xn.
hn-I-kn-X ]m-Ým-Xy cm-Py-§-fn-se-Ãm-bn-S-
¯pw F-¶-t]m-se tam-kv-tIm-bn-se hr-¯n-bpw
sh-Sn-¸pw Çm-L-\o-bw X-s¶. ]-«m-¸-IÂ tdm-
Un-eq-sS sh-f-fw No-än-t¸m-Ip-¶ {S-¡p-IÄ \-K-
cw I-gp-In hr-¯n-bm-¡n-s¡m-t@-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
66
{Iw-en-\n Im-Wm³ _m-¡n-bm-bn-
«p-Å-sX-Ãmw a-S-¡-bm-{X-bv-¡v Xn-cn-¨v
tam-kv-tIm-bn-se-¯p-t¼mÄ In-«p-¶
c-@p Zn-\-§-fn I-@p-XoÀ-¡m-
sa-¶p I-cp-Xn. \n-Xy-\n-{Z-bn In-S-
¡p-¶- se-\n-sâ `u-Xn-I-i-co-cw F-{X-
t\-cw Iyq-hn \nÂ-t¡-@n-h-¶m-epw
I-t@-a-S-§q F-¶pw XoÀ-¨-bm-¡n.
lm-t\m-bn-bn tlm-Nn-an³ I-@p,
C-hn-sS se-\n³, H-cp-\mÄ t_-bv-Pnw-
Kn-se-¯n am-thm-sb-bpw I-@m
 I-ayq-Wn-Ìv i-h-{X-b-ZÀ-i-\-§Ä
]qÀ-¯n-bm-Ip-sa-¶v tXm-¶n-b-Xv H-cp
bm-{Xn-I-sâ Ip-kr-Xn.hn-I-kn-X ]m
-Ým-Xy cm-Py-§-fn-se-Ãm-bn-S-¯pw
F-¶-t]m-se tam-kv-tIm-bn-se hr-¯n-
bpw sh-Sn-¸pw Çm-L-\o-bw X-s¶.
]-«m-¸-IÂ tdm-Un-eq-sS sh-f-fw No-än-
t¸m-Ip-¶ {S-¡p-IÄ \-K-cw I-gp-In
hr-¯n-bm-¡n-s¡m-t@-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
sa-t{Sm tÌ-j-\p-IÄ am-{X-a-Ã In-gp-¡mw-Xq-
¡m-b F-kv-I-te-ä-dp-I-fp-sS N-en-¨p-sIm-@n-
cn-¡p-¶ ssI-]n-Sn-hr-¯n-bm-¡p-¶-co-Xn Iu-Xp-
Iw D-WÀ-¯n. S-Æ-ep-am-bn H-cmÄ Øn-c-am-bn
ssI-]n-Sn-bn A-aÀ-¯n \n-e-bp-d-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p,
\n-§n-s¡m-@n-cn-¡p-¶ ssI-]n-Sn-Xm-t\ hr-¯n-
bm-Ip-¶p.
N-{I-§Ä L-Sn-¸n-¨ kv-t¡-änw-Kv t_mÀ-Uv
2 P\phcn 2021

kÀ-h-{X hym-]-Iw. \-S-¸p-{]-{In-b-bn Cu
k-lm-bn D-]-tbm-K-{]-Z-am-I-W-sa-¦n tdm-U-
cn-In-se \-S-¸m-X-I-fpw kp-K-a-am-¡-Ww. C³-
Uy³ \-K-c-§-fn-se \-S-¸m-X-IÄ h-gn-tbm-c-¡-
¨-h-S-¡m-cp-sS _m-lp-eyw Im-c-Ww kv-t¡-
änw-Kv t_mÀ-Uv bm-{X-b-¡v D-X-Ip-¶n-Ã. kv-t¡-
äp-t_mÀ-Up-I-fn-epw A-Ãm-sX-bpw th-Kw \-S-¶p-
\o-§p-¶ P-\-Iq-«-s¯ I-@-t¸m-Ä Nn-´-IÄ
A-ev-]w ]p-d-tIm-«p-t]m-bn. ap-¡m \q-äm-@p-
ap-¼v ]m-c-X-{´-¯n I-gn-ª P-\-X N-§-
e-s]m-«n-¨v ]p-d-¯n-d-§n ]-d-h-I-sf-t¸m-se
hn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xv I-@v B Iq-«-¯n-eq-sS \-S-¶p
\o-§p-hm-s\m-¯-Xv bm-{Xn-I-sâ a-lm-`m-Kyw.
a-l-¯m-b d-jy³ P-\-X-bv-¡v A-`n-h-µ-\-§Ä-
D-Åm-se t\À-¶p.
cm-P-p \m-bÀ d-jy-bn-se C-´y³ hy-h-km-
bn- {]-ap-J-cn H-cmÄ, t]-cn \n-¶-dn-bmw
a-e-bm-fn B-sW-¶v. H-¶p t\-cnÂ-Im-W-W-sa-
¶v D-@m-bn-cp-¶p. ]-t£ \-S-¶n-Ã. F-¶mÂ
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ D-S-a-Ø-X-bn-ep-Å C³-Uy-
tlm-«-en R-§Ä D-¨-`-£-W-¯n-s\-¯n.
R-§-fp-sS tam-kv-tIm- k-lm-bn kp-Nn-Xv tPm-
en sN-¿p-¶ {Sm-hÂ-Øm-]-\-hpw cm-Pp-\m-bÀ
h-I-bm-Wv. D-¨-`-£-Ww R-§Ä-¡v ku-P-\y-
am-sW-¶-dn-ª-t¸mÄ a-dp-\m-«n-se a-e-bm-fn
B-Xn-Yy-a-cym-Z-bv-¡p-ap³-]n in-c-Êp Xm-Wp.
sX-t¡-C³-Uy³ co-Xn-bn-se Xm-en im-¸m-Sn-\v
G-I-tZ-iw A-ªp-dq -cq-]-sb-¶-Xv hn-tZ-i cm-
Py-¯v Xn-I-¨pw an-X-am-b \n-c-¡m-Wv.- I-dn-IÄ-
s¡m-s¡ F-cn-hpw ]p-fn-bpw Ip-d-hm-sW-¶-Xv
kzm-`m-hn-Iw. C³-Uy³ tlm-«-en-t\m-Sv tNÀ-¶v
X-s¶ Pm-¸-\o-kv d-Ìm-dâpw cm-Pp \m-b-cp-sS
2 P\phcn 2021
cm-P-p \m-bÀ d-jy-bn-se C-´y³
hy-h-km-b- {]-ap-J-cn H-cmÄ, t]-
cn \n-¶-dn-bmw a-e-bm-fn B-sW-
¶v. H-¶p t\-cnÂ-Im-W-W-sa-¶v
D-@m-bn-cp-¶p. ]-t£ \-S-¶n-Ã.
F-¶m A-t±-l-¯n-sâ D-S-a-
Ø-X-bn-ep-Å C³-Uy-tlm-«-enÂ
R-§Ä D-¨-`-£-W-¯n-s\-¯n.
R-§-fp-sS tam-kv-tIm- k-lm-bn
kp-Nn-Xv tPm-en sN-¿p-¶ {Sm-hÂ-
Øm-]-\-hpw cm-Pp-\m-bÀ h-I-
bm-Wv. D-¨-`-£-Ww R-§Ä-¡v
ku-P-\y-am-sW-¶-dn-ª-t¸mÄ
a-dp-\m-«n-se a-e-bm-fn B-Xn-Yy-a-cym-
Z-bv-¡p-ap³-]n in-c-Êp Xm-Wp.
sX-t¡-C³-Uy³ co-Xn-bn-se Xm-en
im-¸m-Sn-\v G-I-tZ-iw A-ªp-dq
-cq-]-sb-¶-Xv hn-tZ-i cm-Py-¯v
Xn-I-¨pw an-X-am-b \n-c-¡m-Wv.- I-dn-
IÄ-s¡m-s¡ F-cn-hpw ]p-fn-bpw
Ip-d-hm-sW-¶-Xv kzm-`m-hn-Iw. C³-
Uy³ tlm-«-en-t\m-Sv tNÀ-¶v X-s¶
Pm-¸-\o-kv d-Ìm-dâpw cm-Pp \m-b-
cp-sS h-I-bm-bn-«p-@v. A-hn-S-s¯
Np-äp-h-«-§-Ä Iq-Sp-XÂ B-IÀ-j-
I-am-bn-tXm-¶n.
h-I-bm-bn-«p-@v. A-hn-S-s¯ Np-äp-h-«-§-Ä Iq-
Sp-XÂ B-IÀ-j-I-am-bn-tXm-¶n. Xm-en im-¸m-
Sn-\p ]-I-cw H-cp D-{K³ Pm-¸-\o-kv kq-¸m-bn-cp-
s¶-¦nÂ- F-¶v tXm-¶n-b-Xv kp-Nn-¯n-t\m-Sv
]-d-ªn-Ã. tam-kv-tIm-bn-epw skâ v ]o-tä-gv-kv
_À-Kn-ep-am-bn A-\-h-[n tlm-«-ep-I-fp-sS D-S-a-
bm-Wv cm-Pp-\m-bÀ F-¶-dn-ªp. tam-kv-tIm-bn-
te-¡p-Å Xn-cn-¨p-h-c-hn cm-Pp-\m-b-cp-sS ap-Jy
tam-kv-tIm d-tÌm-dân Un-¶-dn-\pw R-§-sf-
¯n. hn-im-e-am-b Cu Xo-ä-Ø-e-¯v h-¶v Xo-
ä-bpw Ip-Sn-bpw I-gn-ªv a-S-§n-b C³-Uy³
hn.-sF.]n-I-fp-sS hn-h-c-§Ä Iu-Xp-I-t¯m-sS
tI-«n-cp-¶p, thm-Uv-Im-sb-¶ tem-I-{]-kn-²
d-jy³ a-Zyw \p-W-ªp-sIm-@v, A-¯m-gw I-gn-
ªv ]m-Xn-cm-hn hn-P-\-am-b ho-Yn-bn-eq-sS
R-§Ä A-c-a-Wn-¡q-tdm-fw \-S-¶m-Wv sa-t{Sm-
tÌ-j-\n-se-¯n-b-Xv. ]-s@-t§m hm-bn-¨ H-cp
k-©m-cn-bp-sS tam-kv-tIm cm-{Xn A-\p-`-hw
HmÀ-a-bn-se-¯n. hn-P-\-am-b ho-Yn-bn s]-s«-
¶v ]m-Xm-f-¯n \n-¶pw D-bnÀ-s¯-gp-t¶-ä-
t]m-se H-cp-Iq-«w P-\-§-Ä {]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶p.
A-sXm-cp sa-t{Sm tÌm-¸v B-bn-cp-¶p.- B -ko-
\n-sâ B-hÀ-¯-\w {]-Xo-£n-s¨-¦n-epw A-§-
s\-sbm-¶pw D-@m-bn-Ã.
(Xp-Scpw)
67
68 2 P\phcn 2021
 k-eow sj-co-^v IY
Nn{Xo-I-cWw: _n_n³ BâWn

P -\-e-gn-I-fn ssI sIm-fp-¯n

ap-ä-s¯ ]q-¡-fn-te-¡v t\m-¡n
\nÂ-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p tUm-ÎÀ
d-low. C-\n ]q-¡-fm-tWm X-s¶
t\m-¡p-¶-Xv F-¶ Nn-´ A-bm-sf sXm-Sp-¶-
Xn-\pw ap³-]v A-bmÄ hn-c-ep-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v
B-tem-Nn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. km-[m-c-W
I-em-Im-c-·m-cp-sS hn-c-ep-IÄ t]m-se \o@v
sa-en-ª hn-c-ep-I-f-Ã X-tâ-sX-¶pw A-h
G-tXm Im-e-¯v h-fÀ-¨ ap-c-Sn-¨ A-]-Iz-am-b
h@¡³ hn-c-ep-I-fm-sW-¶p-ap-Å-XnÂ
A-bmÄ-¡v sX-sÃm-cp k-¦-Sw tXm-¶n-sb-¦n-
epw hn-c-ep-IÄ a-\p-jy-i-co-c-¯n Po-hn-
¡p-¶ a-äp Ip-ª³-a-\p-jy-cm-sW-¶
\n-K-a-\-¯n-em-W-bmÄ F-¯n-t¨À-¶-Xv.
A-Xn-\v Im-c-W-am-bn A-bmÄ I-s@¯n-b-Xv
A-h I-hn-X-sb-gp-Xp-I-bpw ]-Sw h-c-¡p-I-bpw
inÂ-¸w \nÀ-an-¡p-I-bpw `m-cw Xm-§p-I-bpw
sN-¿p-¶p-sh-¶-Xn-ep-]-cn A-h Nn-cn-¡p-¶p
F-¶ Im-c-W-¯m-em-Wv. ssI
a-S-¡n-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ hn-c-e-ä-§-fn A-¼n-fn
sX-fn-bp-¶n-S-¯v kÀ-h-Úm-\n-I-fp-sS
ap-J-¯v hn-cn-bp-¶ Zpx-JmÀ-{Z-am-b ]p-©n-cn
A-bmÄ B-tem-N-\-IÄ-¡n-sS I-s@¯p-I-
bm-bn-cp-¶p. B ]p-©n-cn-¡v a-dp-]p-©n-cn
\Â-In-s¡m@n-cn-s¡ hn-c-ep-IÄ am-f-¯n-te-
¡v DÄ-h-en-bp-¶ ]m-¼p-I-sf-t]m-se D-Å-¦-
¿n-te-¡v I-b-dn-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xv I@t¸m-gm-Wv
A-bmÄ F-gp-t¶-äv P-\-e-gn-I-sf-¸n-Sn-¨v
]p-d-t¯-¡v t\m-¡n \n-¶-Xv. A-§-s\
t\m-¡n-\nÂ-s¡, tK-äv Xp-d-¶v, H-cp-sI-«v
Np-a-¶ tdm-km-¸q-¡-fp-am-bn H-cmÄ I-S-¶p-h-
cp-¶-Xv tUm-ÎÀ d-low I@p.
H-cp a-[y-h-b-kv-I³. \o@v sa-en-ª
cq-]w. ssI-ap-«n-epw s\-än-bn-epw A-Sp-¯n-sS
A-bmÄ-¡v ]n-W-ª A-]-I-S-¯n-sâ
A-dn-bn-¸p-IÄ sI-«n-sh-¨n-«p@v. h-kv-{X-§-
fn ]p-c@ a-®v I@m A-t¸mÄ tXm-«-
¯n \n-¶pw ]-dn-s¨-Sp-¯ ]q-¡-fp-am-bn
H-cmÄ h-cp-¶-Xm-tb tXm-¶q. X-sâ hn-c-ep-

2 P\phcn 2021
69
IÄ A-Xv I-t@m F-¶-dn-bm³ P-\-e-gn-I-
fn \n-¶pw hn-c-ep-I-sf A-gn-¨v A-bmÄ
ssI a-S-¡n t\m-¡n. A-h I-s@¶ AÀ-°-
¯n Nn-cn-¨p.
"F-¶m A-bmÄ \-½-sf I@n-«n-Ã'
tUm-ÎÀ d-low hn-c-ep-I-tfm-Sv ]-d-ªp.
tIm-fnw-Kv s_-Ãn B-K-X-sâ hn-c-e-aÀ-
¶p. b-{´-¡n-fn-I-fp-sS i-Ðw ap-dn-bm-sI
]-SÀ-¶p. hn-c-ep-IÄ hm-Xn Xp-d-¶p.
B-K-X³ I-®-S-¨v ]p-©n-cn-¨p-sIm@v
]q-¡-fp-am-bn H-cp _p-²-{]-Xn-a t]m-se
70
ap-¶n \nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv tUm-ÎÀ d-low I@p.
C-bmÄ H-cp A-Ô-\m-bn-cp-t¶m? d-lo-an-\v
kw-i-b-am-bn. G-bv! H-cn-¡-ep-aÃ. tK-äv
Xp-d-¶v ap-ä-s¯ h-f-ª h-gn-bn-eq-sS
hm-XnÂ-h-sc A-Ô-cp-sS {]-tXy-I Aw-K-N-e-
\-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm-sX A-bmÄ h-cp-¶-Xv
d-low I@Xm-Wv. s]-s«-s¶-´n-\m-Wv
A-bmÄ I-®-S-¨v-I-f-ª-Xv?
"B-cm-Wv?' d-low tNm-Zn-¨p.
"kmÀ Rm³ tPm-k-^v, tUm-ÎÀ d-low
A-tÃ, ]q-¡m-c³ I-hn-X-sb-gp-Xn-b?' I-®-S-
2 P\phcn 2021
¨p-sIm@v-X-s¶ B-K-X³ tNm-Zn-¨p.
"A-tX' d-low a-dp-]-Sn ]-d-ªp.
"Rm³ \n-§-fp-sS H-cp hm-b-\-¡m-c-\m-Wv,
F-\n-s¡m-¶v kw-km-cn-¡-Ww'. A-bmÄ
]-d-ªp.
"\m-sf ¢n-\n-¡n-te-¡v h-cq, Rm-\Â-¸w
Xn-c-¡n-em-Wv' s]-s«-¶-bmÄ-¡p@m-b
A-Ô-X-bn Zp-cq-l-X tXm-¶n-b d-low
hm-b-\-¡m-c-s\ ¢n-\n-¡n-te-¡v £-Wn-¡p-¶
A-_-²-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v B-tem-Nn-¡m-sX
H-gn-bm³ {i-an-¨p.
"A-t¿m, kmÀ F-\n-¡v C-¶p-X-s¶
kw-km-cn-¡-Ww. hn-i-Z-am-bn-¯-s¶, A-Xm-
Wv Rm³ ho-«n-te-¡v h-¶-Xv.' ]q-¡Ä
]n-Sn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ A-bm-fp-sS hn-c-ep-IÄ
Ip-ªp-hn-d-b-tem-sS Nn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv d-low
I@p.
"i-cn h-cq' a-\-Ên-Ãm-a-\-tÊm-sS d-low
A-bm-fp-sS ssI ]n-Sn-¨v ap-dn-bn-te-¡v
sIm@p-t]m-bn. ta-i-bp-sS C-cp-h-i-¯m-bn
A-hÀ C-cp-¶p. A-bmÄ ]q-¡Ä ta-i-taÂ
sh-¨p. hn-i-Z-am-bn kw-km-cn-¡m³ ta-i-IÄ
\-Ã-Xm-sW-¶v d-lo-an-\v tXm-¶n.
"i-cn ]-d-bq... F-´v ]-än, I-®v Im-Wm-sX
h-Ã Ø-e-¯pw ho-W-Xm-tWm ?' d-low
tNm-Zn-¨p.
"kmÀ F-\n-¡v I-®v Im-Wmw, Rm³
a-\x-]qÀ-hw I-®-S-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. F-\n-¡v
hn-i-Z-am-bn Nn-e Im-cy-§Ä ]-d-bm-\p@v'.
]q-¡-fn hn-c-tem-Sn-¨p-sIm@v aq-¡v
hn-SÀ-¯n A-bmÄ ]-d-ªp.
"H sI! hn-i-Z-am-bn X-s¶ ]-d-bq' d-low
]-d-ªp.
"kmÀ Rm³ H-cp t_m-«-Wn-Ìv B-Wv.
Su-Wn-se kÀ-¡mÀ tIm-f-Pn tPm-en
sN-¿p-¶p. km-dn-sâ I-hn-X-bn-tÃ
"]q-¡m-c³'. A-Xv hm-bn-¨n-«m-Wv Rm³
km-dn-s\ Im-Wm-sa-¶v sh-¨-Xv. F-sâ
A-¸-sâ Po-hn-X-am-bn-cp-¶p B I-hn-X-bn-eq-
2 P\phcn 2021
sS \n-§Ä ]-d-ª-Xv. B I-hn-X F-s¶
h-Ãm-sX {]-iv-\-¯n-em-¡n kmÀ.'
B I-hn-X-bv-¡v Nn-e A-\p-I-c-W-§Ä
D@m-b-sXm-gn-¨m H-cm-sf {]-iv-\-¯n-em-
¡m³ am-{Xw a-l-¯-c-am-b kr-ãn-b-sÃ-¶m-
Wv tUm-ÎÀ d-lo-an-sâ kz-´w A-`n-{]m-bw.
"F-´v {]-iv-\w?' d-low tNm-Zn-¨p.
"kmÀ ]-d-bmw, F-\n-s¡-t´m {]-iv-\-ap-
s@¶v F-t¸m-gpw tXm-¶pw, F-´n-sâ-tbm...
Ip-d-hp-Å t]m-se..' A-bmÄ ]-d-ªp.
"F-´v- Ip-d-hv?' F-Xn-sc C-cn-¡p-¶
B-fp-sS A-Ô-X-bn X-sâ tN-ã-IÄ
kz-X-{´-am-bn-cn-¡-bm d-low aq-¡n-te-¡v
hn-c Xn-cp-In tNm-Zn-¨p.
"kmÀ Rm³ A-Xm-Wv ]-d-ªp-h-cp-¶-Xv,
F-\n-¡v hn-i-Z-am-bn ]-d-bm³ A-h-k-cw
X-c-Ww, C-S-¡v I-b-dn C-§-s\ tNm-Zn-¡-tÃ'.
A-bmÄ ku-ay-X sh-Sn-ªv ]-d-ªp.
"i-cn hn-i-Z-am-bn ]-d-bq' hn-c-en ]-än-b-Xv
sRm-«n sX-dn-¸n-¨v d-low Xm-Sn-¡v ssI
sIm-Sp-¯v tIÄ-¡m³ X-¿m-dm-bn C-cp-¶p.
h-b-\m-«n-se H-cp a-e-tbm-c {Km-a-¯nÂ
A-¸-\pw A-½-¡pw G-I-a-I-\m-bn-«m-Wv
tPm-k-^v P-\n-¨-Xv. A-bm-fp-sS A-¸-\-¸m-¸-
71
72 2 P\phcn 2021
·m-sc-Ãmw ]q-¡r-jn-¡m-cm-bn-cp-¶p. A-bm-fp-
sS A-¸m-¸³ sIm-tfm-Wn-b Im-e-¯v
C-´y-bn-te-¡v h-¶ _À-]o ko-Uv-kv F-¶
I-¼-\n-bp-sS sa-Iv-kn-¡³ am-cn tKmÄ-Un-sâ
hn-¯p-IÄ hn-e-¡v hm-§n, H-¶m-´-cw
sN@p-a-Ãn-¸q-¡-fp-sS Ir-jn-bn-d-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.
C-´y-bn-se H-«p-an-¡ Ø-e-t¯-¡pw ]q-¡Ä
I-b-än A-b-¨n-cp-¶ ssa-kq-cn A-¸m-¸-\v
kz-´-am-bn ]q-¡-fp-sS sam-¯-hym-]m-c
I-S-bp-ap@m-bn-cp-¶p.
]-Xn-t\-gmw \q-äm@n-sâ Xp-S-¡-¯n-te
Szn-en-]v-kv am-\n-b F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ Im-e-L-
«-¯n Szn-en-]v-kv ]q-¡Ä-¡v kzÀ-W-t¯-
¡mÄ hn-e-bp@m-bn-cp-¶-Xv-t]m-se Du-l-¡-
¨-h-S-§-fp-sS Im-e-¯v H-cp am-cn-tKmÄ-Uv
am-\n-b kz-]v-\w I@p-sIm@m-Wv A-¸m-¸³
sN@p-a-Ãn-]q-¡Ä \n-c-´-cw Ir-jn-bn-d-¡n-b-
Xv. tem-Iw sam-¯w am-cn-tKmÄ-Uv ]-SÀ-¶v
]n-Sn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¶pw. hÀ-²n-¨p h-cp-¶
sN@p-a-Ãn-I-tfm-Sp-Å {]n-bw am-cn-tKmÄ-Uv
am-\n-b-bn-te-¡m-Wv \-bn-¡m³ t]m-Ip-¶-sX-
¶pw A-¸m-¸³ Ip-ªm-bn-cp-¶ tPm-k-^n-
sâ A-¸-t\m-Sv ]-d-bp-am-bn-cp-¶-t{X..
]-t£, c@mw-tem-I bp-² Im-e-¯v
]q-¡Ä-¡p@m-b `o-I-c hn-e-bn-Sn-hn \-ãw
h-¶v A-¸m-¸³ D-Å-sX-Ãmw hn-äv-s]-dp-¡n
h-b-\m-«n-te-¡v Ip-Sn-tb-dn. F-¶n-«pw ]q-¡-sf
D-t]-£n-¡m³ A-¸m-¸³ X-¿m-dm-bn-Ã.
]q-¡Ä h-cp-¯n, am-e tImÀ-¯v, ]q-¡Ä-¡n-
S-bn X-s¶ Po-hn-Xw Xp-SÀ-¶p. A-¸m-¸-s\-
¯p-SÀ-¶v tPm-k-^n-sâ A-¸-\pw ]q-¡m-
c-\m-bn.
]p-c-bn-S-¯n-\v Np-äp-ap-Å sIm-¶-th-en-I-
fn hn-cn-bp-¶ h-b-e-äv \n-d-ap-Å tIm-fm-¼n-
¸q-¡-fn-dp-¯v am-e tImÀ-¯n-cp-¶ X-sâ
sN-dp-¸-Im-ew tPm-k-^v HmÀ-s¯-Sp-¯p.
A-¸-s\ k-t´m-jn-¸n-¡m³ am-{X-am-Wv
A-bmÄ A-§-s\ sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶-Xv. A-¸³
I-S-bnÂ-\n-¶v h-cp-t¼mÄ \n-c-´-cw sIm@p
h-¶n-cp-¶ a-[p-c-\m-c-§-I-fpw, IÂ-¡@§-
fpw tPm-k-^n-\v h-en-b C-ã-am-bn-cp-¶p.
A-Xn-t\-¡mÄ C-ã-am-bn-cp-¶p A-bmÄ-¡v
A-¸-s\.
Su-Wn-se A-¸-sâ I-S-bn-te-¡v ssa-kq-cp-
\n-¶-Ã Kq-U-Ãq-cp-\n-¶p-am-Wv ]q-¡-sf-¯p-I.
ap-Ã-bpw, P-a-´n-bpw, I-\-Im-¼-c-hp-am-Wv
Kq-U-ÃqÀ-¶v h-cn-I. ssa-kq-cp-\n-¶v \-Ã
H-¶m-´-cw tdm-kp-I-fpw sN@p-a-Ãn-I-fpw,
hm-Sm-a-Ãn-I-fpw h-cpw. cm-{Xn-bn A-¸-\pw
A-½-bpw \n-c-´-cw ]q
tImÀ-¯p-sIm@n-cn-¡pw. A-½-bp-sS
I-\-Im-¼-c am-e-IÄ A-¸-\v h-en-b C-ã-am-
bn-cp-¶p. s]-s«-¶v D-e-ªp-t]m-Im³
km-[y-X-bp-Å ]q-hm-Wv I-\-Im-¼-cw. h-f-sc
t\À-¯ hn-c th-K-¯n ]q-¡Ä-¡v
t\-cn-b C-Sn-hv-t]m-epw h-cp-¯m-sX [ym-\-a-
Wn-IÄ tImÀ-¡pw-t]m-se X-sâ A-½
am-e tImÀ-¡p-¶-Xv Cu {]m-b-¯n-epw
tPm-k-^n-\v HmÀ-a-bp@v. A-¸-\pw A-½-bpw
2 P\phcn 2021
X-½n \-à sF-Iy-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. A-½-
tbm-Sv A-an-X-kv-t\-lw tXm-¶p-t¼m-tgm,
tZ-jyw h-cp-t¼m-tgm an-¡-t¸m-gpw A-¸³ H-ä
hm-N-I-am-Wv ]-d-bp-I;
"en-Ão \o hn-j-am-Wv.' A-t¸m-g-s¯
A-¸-sâ ap-J-`m-hw I@n-«m-Wv tZ-jy-s¸-«m-
tWm k-t´m-j-t¯m-sS-bm-tWm A-Xv
]-d-ª-sX-¶v a-\-Ên-em-t¡@Xv. en-Ãn
i-cn-¡pw hn-j-am-Wv F-¶v ]n-¶o-Sv ]q-¡
-sf-¡p-dn-¨v K-th-j-Ww \-S-¯p-t¼m-gm-Wv
tPm-k-^n-\v a-\-Ên-em-b-Xv. A-Xv ]-d-bp-
t¼mÄ A-bm-fp-sS Np@p-I-f-SÀ-¶v sh-fp-¯
en-Ãn-IÄ hn-cn-bp-¶-Xv tUm-ÎÀ d-low I@p.
"]q-¡-fp-sS `m-j Im-Wm³ ]-äm-¯
A-Xn-sâ a-W-am-Wv,' A-bm-tfm-Sv A-¸³
]-d-bpw. a-Ww t\m-¡n-bm-Wv A-¸³
]q-¡-fn-se \-Ã-Xpw No-¯-bpw thÀ-Xn-cn-
¡p-I. I-S-bn-te-¡v h-cp-¶ ]q-¡q-S-bn-se
]-Xn-t\-gmw \q-äm@n-sâ
Xp-S-¡-¯n-te Szn-en-]
v-kv am-\n-b F-¶-dn-b-s¸-
Sp-¶ Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ
Szn-en-]v-kv ]q-¡Ä-¡v
kzÀ-W-t¯-¡mÄ hn-e-
bp@m-bn-cp-¶-Xv-t]m-se
Du-l-¡-¨-h-S-§-fp-sS
Im-e-¯v H-cp am-cn-tK-
mÄ-Uv am-\n-b kz-]v-\w
I@p-sIm@m-Wv A-¸m-
¸³ sN@p-a-Ãn-]q-¡Ä
\n-c-´-cw Ir-jn-bn-d-¡n-
b-Xv. tem-Iw sam-¯w
am-cn-tKmÄ-Uv ]-SÀ-¶v ]
n-Sn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¶pw. hÀ-
²n-¨p h-cp-¶ sN@p-a-Ãn-
I-tfm-Sp-Å
{]n-bw am-cn-tKmÄ-Uv
am-\n-b-bn-te-¡m-Wv
\-bn-¡m³ t]m-Ip-¶-sX-
¶pw A-¸m-¸³ Ip-ªm-
bn-cp-¶ tPm-k-^n-sâ
A-¸-t\m-Sv ]-d-bp-am-bn-cp-
¶-t{X..
No-¯ ]q-¡-sf-Ãmw A-´n-h@n-¡v X-s¶
A-¸³ I-b-än A-b-¡pw. I@m-sem-¶pw
a-\-Ên-em-In-Ã. ]-t£ ]n-tä-¶v X-s¶ B
]q-¡-sfm-s¡ No-¯-bm-Ip-sa-¶v A-¸-\-dn-
bmw.
]q-¡-sf-¡p-dn-¨v H-cp-]m-S-dn-hp@m-bn-cp-¶p
A-¸-\v. Hm-tcm ]q-hn-\pw {]-tXy-Iw {]-tXy-
Iw hn-Im-c-§-sf D-WÀ-¯m³ ti-jn-
bp@t{X. A-Xp-sIm@p-X-s¶ A-¸-sâ
I-S-bnÂ-\n-¶v ]q-¡Ä hm-§m³ Øn-c-am-bn
B-fp-IÄ h-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p. Im-ap-Io Im-ap-I-
·mÀ, kÀ-¡mÀ D-tZym-K-ØÀ, h@n-¡mÀ,
kv-{Xo-IÄ, Ip-«n-IÄ, hr-²À, s]m-eo-kp-
ImÀ, cm-{ão-b-¡mÀ, kw-L-S-\m {]-hÀ-¯-
73
IÀ, A-§-s\ ]q-¡-sf-¯n-s¸-Sm-¯ C-S-ta
C-sÃ-¶v A-¸³ ]-d-bpw. I-S-bn-te-¡v
h-cp-¶-hÀ-s¡m-s¡ {]-tXy-Iw {]-tXy-Iw
B-h-iy-§Ä-¡v ]q-¡Ä Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-
Xpw A-¸-\m-bn-cp-¶p. {]-W-bm-`yÀ-°-\-IÄ-
¡,v I-eym-W-¯n-\v, a-c-W-¯n-\v, cm-{ão-b
]-cn-]m-Sn-¡v, D-tZym-K-Ø-s\ h-c-thÂ-¡m³,
A-¼-e-§Ä-¡v, ZÀ-K-IÄ-¡v, ]-Ån-bn-te-¡v,
h@n A-e-¦-cn-¡m³, X-e-bn Nq-Sm³,
tcm-Kn-sb Im-Wm³, A-§-s\ {]-tXy-I
B-h-iy-§Ä-¡v {]-tXy-Iw ]q-¡-fm-Wv
A-¸³ Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡m-dv.
tZ-io-b ]p-jv-]-sa-¶ B-i-b-t¯m-Sv
A-¸-s\-Xn-cm-bn-cp-¶p.
"H-cp cm-Py-¯n-\v H-cp ]q-thm? A-Xpw
Cu-Pn-]v-Xv h-gn C-hn-sS-sb-¯n-b Xm-a-c!
A-sX-§-s\-bm-Wv \-½p-sS tZ-io-b
]p-jv-]-am-hp-¶-Xv?' A-¸-\-bm-tfm-Sv tNm-Zn-¡p-
am-bn-cp-¶-t{X. cm-{ão-b-am-bn F-s´-¦n-epw
H-cp D-]-Im-c-ap-Å ]p-jv-]-s¯-bm-Wv tZ-
io-b-]p-jv-]-am-bn sX-c-sª-Sp-t¡@Xv
F-¦n A-Xv sN-¿p-¶-Xv sN@p-a-Ãn-I-fm-Wv
F-¶m-Wv A-¸-sâ F-fn-b A-`n-{]m-bw.
sN@p a-Ãn-I-fp-sS D-]-tbm-K-¯n-se
kÀ-h-hym-]-\-s¯ HmÀ-¯p-sIm@m-tWm,
A-¸m-¸-sâ sN@p-a-Ãn-I-tfm-Sp-Å {]n-bw
I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯m-tWm B A-`n-{]m-b-sa-¶v
tPm-k-^n-\v hy-à-a-Ã.
A-¸-\v _-jo-dn-s\-bpw s\-lv-dp-hn-s\-bpw
`-b-¦-c C-ã-am-bn-cp-¶p. _-joÀ P-bn-en-epw,
s\-lv-dp s\-©-¯pw ]q-¡Ä sh-¨-Xv
Np-½m-X-sÃ-¶m-Wv A-¸³ ]-d-bm-dv.
]q-¡-sf-t]m-se k-I-eÀ-¡pw C-ãw
tXm-¶p-¶ km-ln-Xyw _-joÀ sa-\-ª-Xv
]q-¡-fp-sS kÀ-h-eu-In-I-X a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b-Xv
sIm@m-sW-¶pw, C-´y-t]m-sem-cp ssh-Pm-
Xy cm-Py-s¯ a-\-Ên-em-¡m³
s\-lv-dp-hn-\m-b-Xv ]q-¡-sf-¡p-dn-¨v A-dn-hp-
Å-Xv sIm@m-sW-¶pw A-¸-\-bm-tfm-Sv
]-d-bm-dp@v. A-sÃ-¦n kv-t\-lw P-\n-¸n-
¡p-¶ tdm-km-¸q X-s¶ s\-lv-dp sX-c-sª-
Sp-¡n-Ã-tÃm F-¶m-Wv A-Xn-s\ km-[q-I-cn-
¡m³ A-¸-sâ hm-Zw.
"A-¸m A-¸-s\-§-s\-bm C-{X-bpw
Im-cy-§Ä A-dn-bp-¶-Xv?' H-cn-¡Â A-bmÄ
A-¸-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn-¨p.
"]q-¡Ä-¡-dn-bm-¯ c-l-ky-§-fn-Ã'
A-¸³ A-bm-tfm-Sv a-dp-]-Sn-]-d-ªp."H-¶v
{i-²n-¨m a-Xn ]q-¡-sf-Ãm c-l-ky-§-fpw
74
]-d-bpw. A-h a-Wn-b-d ap-XÂ G-ä-hpw
c-l-ky-am-b cm-Pym-´-c I-cm-dn-\p t]m-epw
aq-I km-£n-I-fm-Wv.' ]q-¡Ä ]-d-ªn-«m-Wv
Xm-\o Im-cy-§-sfm-s¡ A-dn-bp-¶-sX-¶pw,
H-cp-h-\v ]q-¡-sf B-kz-Zn-¡m³ Im-gv-N
am-{Xw t]m-sc-¶pw, a-W-hpw kv-]À-i-hpw
th-W-sa-¶pw, A-Xn-te-ä-hpw {]-[m-\w
a-W-am-sW-¶pw A-¸-\-bmÄ-¡v ]-d-ªp-sIm-
Sp-¯p. am-{X-a-Ã ]q-¡-sf-¡p-dn-¨v H-cp-
]m-S-dn-hp-Å ]q-¡m-c-\m-hm³ A-¸³ tPm-k-
"H-cp cm-Py-¯n-\v H-cp
]q-thm? A-Xpw Cu-Pn-]v-Xv
h-gn C-hn-sS-sb-¯n-b Xm-a-c!
A-sX-§-s\-bm-Wv \-½p-sS
tZ-io-b ]p-jv-]-am-hp-¶-Xv?'
A-¸-\-bm-tfm-Sv tNm-Zn-¡p-am-
bn-cp-¶-t{X. cm-{ão-b-am-bn
F-s´-¦n-epw H-cp D-]-Im-
c-ap-Å ]p-jv-]-s¯-bm-Wv
tZ-io-b-]p-jv-]-am-bn sX-c-
sª-Sp-t¡@Xv F-¦nÂ
A-Xv sN-¿p-¶-Xv sN@p-a-Ãn-
I-fm-Wv F-¶m-Wv A-¸-sâ
F-fn-b A-`n-{]m-bw. sN@p
a-Ãn-I-fp-sS D-]-tbm-K-¯n-se
kÀ-h-hym-]-\-s¯ HmÀ-¯p-
sIm@m-tWm, A-¸m-¸-sâ
sN@p-a-Ãn-I-tfm-Sp-Å {]n-bw
I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯m-tWm B
A-`n-{]m-b-sa-¶v tPm-k-^n-\v
hy-à-a-Ã.
^n-t\m-Sv N-«w sI-«p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
]q-¡-sf-¡p-dn-¨v ]Tn-¡m³ tPm-k-^n-\pw
h-en-b Xm-Xv-]-cy-am-bn-cp-¶p. A-§-s\-bm-W-
bmÄ t_m-«-Wn-Ìv B-hp-¶-Xv.
tPm-k-^v kzo-U-\n t_m-«-Wn-bnÂ
t]m-Ìv dn-tkÀ-¨v \-S-¯p-¶ k-a-b-¯m-Wv
A-bm-fp-sS A-½ en-Ãn a-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. A-¸³
A-¶v tPm-k-^n-\v I-¼n A-b-¨p.
"en-Ãn a-cn-¨p. F-sâ a-Ww \-ã-s¸-«p.'
A-½ a-cn-¨-Xn-sâ k-¦-S-s¯
[z-\n-¸n-¡m-\m-hpw A-§-s\ H-cp k-tµ-iw
A-b-¨-sX-¶m-Wv B-Zyw tPm-k-^v I-cp-Xn-b-
Xv. A-¸-sâ kw-`m-j-W ssi-en A-¯-c-¯n-
2 P\phcn 2021
2 P\phcn 2021
75
 em-bn-cp-¶p-Xm-\pw. ]-t£ A-¸-s\-gp-Xn-b
I-¯n \n-¶p-am-Wv A-¸-\v i-cn-¡pw
a-W-¡m-\p-Å ti-jn \-ã-s¸-« hn-h-cw
]n-¶o-S-bmÄ A-dn-bp-¶-Xv. A-¸m-¸-\pw
a-c-W-¯n-sâ sXm-«v ap-¼v a-W-¡m-\p-Å
ti-jn \-ã-s¸-«n-cp-s¶-¶pw, Xm-\pw a-cn-
¡m³ t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶pw D-S-t\ h-c-W-sa-
¶pw ]-d-ªv A-¸³ tPm-k-^n-\v \n-c-´-cw
I-¯p-I-f-b-¨p.
a-W-¡m-\p-Å ti-jn \-ã-s¸-«-Xn-\v-ti-jw
A-¸-sâ Po-hn-Xw Z-b-\o-b-am-bn-cp-¶p. kz-´w
`m-j \-ã-s¸-« H-cp-h-s\-t¸m-se-bm-bn
A-¸³. A-¸-\v \-à ]q-¡Ä Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡m-
\p-Å ti-jn \-ã-s¸-«p. hmÀ-²-Iy k-l-P-
am-b Im-gv-N-¡p-d-hv Im-c-Ww \q-en ]q
tImÀ-¡m-\pw am-e-IÄ sa-\-bm-\pw I-gn-bm-
Xm-bn. F-gp-Xp-t¼m-sgm-s¡ A-¡m-cyw
A-¸-\-bm-sf HmÀ-a-s¸-Sp-¯n. \m-«n-se kp-lr-
¯p-¡Ä h-gn ]-e tUm-ÎÀ-am-sc-bpw
Im-Wn-s¨-¦n-epw H-cmÄ-¡pw A-¸-s\
Nn-In-Õn-¨v t`-Z-am-¡m³ I-gn-ªn-Ã.
tPm-k-^v A-¶v slÂ-kn-¦n kÀ-h-I-em-
im-e-bn B-t{µ Um-en-sâ A-{]-Im-in-X
te-J-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v H-cp ]T-\w X-¿m-dm-
¡p-¶ Xn-c-¡n-em-bn-cp-¶p.
"kmÀ tI-«n-«n-tà B-t{µ Um-en-s\-¡p-dn-
¨v?' tPm-k-^v d-lo-an-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn-¨p.
"C-Ã. ]-d-tªm-fq' I-®nÂ
t\m-¡n-bn-cn-s¡ H-cm-fp-sS hy-k-\-I-Y-IÄ
tIÄ-¡p-t¼mÄ {]-I-Sn-¸n-t¡@ ap-J-`m-h-§-
fn \n-¶v c-£-s¸-« B-izm-k-¯n-em-bn-cp-
¶p tUm-ÎÀ d-low.
"1741 kzo-U-\n P-\n-¨
t_m-«-Wn-Ìm-Wv A-t{µ UmÂ. A-t§-cp-sS
h-I-bm-Wv tem-I-s¯ B-Zy-s¯ ]-cn-Øn-Xn
{]-iv-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨p-Å te-J-\w. \-½p-sS
Um-en-b ]q-¡Ä A-t±-l-¯n-sâ t]-cn-em-Wv'
A-bmÄ ]-d-ªp.
"B-Zy-am-bn tIÄ-¡p-¶p! th-sd h-Ã-Xpw
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ t]-cn-ep-t@m?' d-low
tNm-Zn-¨p.
"D@v kmÀ H-cp ]m-¼p-ap@v' tPm-k-^v
]-d-ªp
"F-´p-X-cw ]m-¼m-W-Xv, F-hn-sS-sbm-s¡-
bm-W-Xn-s\ Im-Wm³ I-gn-bp-I?' d-low
Xp-SÀ-¶pw tNm-Zn-¨p.
"A-sXm-cp h-bÂ-¸m-¼m-Wv kmÀ. h-b-en-
epw tdm-Un h@n-¡-Sn-s¸-«pw A-Xn-s\
Im-Wmw kmÀ, kmÀ A-X-Ã C-hn-Sp-s¯
hn-j-bw, Rm³ ]-d-ª-tÃm!' tPm-k-^v
A-£-a-\m-bn.
"Hm tkm-dn.. tkm-dn.. ]-d-tªm-fq' d-low
hn-i-Z-am-¡p-¶-Xn C-S-s]-«-Xn £-a
tNm-Zn-¨p.
slÂ-kn-¦n bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bn-se
K-th-j-W-k-a-b-¯v km-{I-bn-se B-t{µ
Um-en-sâ h-k-Xn-bn-te-¡v K-th-j-W
B-h-iy-§Ä-¡m-bn A-bmÄ H-cn-¡Â

76 2 P\phcn 2021
t]m-Ip-I-bp@m-bn. A-t±-lw Xm-a-kn-¨p-sh-
¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ h-f-sc ]p-cm-X-\-am-b ho-«n-se
\n-e-h-d-bn sh-¨v "a-Ww hÀ-²n-¸n-¡m³
Nn-e ]q-¡-fp-sS an-{in-Xw' F-¶ X-e-s¡-t«m-
Sv-Iq-Sn-bp-Å H-cp te-J-\w A-bmÄ-¡v
bm-Zr-Ñn-I-am-bn In-«n. C-Xn-t\m-S-Iw X-sâ
k-l K-th-j-I kp-lr-¯p-¡-fp-am-bpw
A-¸-sâ A-h-Ø tPm-k-^v ]-¦p sh-¨n-cp-¶-
Xn-\m X-sâ I-Y-b-dn-bm-hp-¶-h-cm-tcm
X-s¶ ]-än-¡m³ sN-bv-X-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-tam
F-¶pw, C-Xv B-t{µ Um-en-sâ te-J-\w
X-s¶-bm-tWm F-¶pw A-bmÄ-¡v kw-i-b-
ap@m-bn-cp-¶p. ]n-¶o-Sv A-t\z-jn-¨-t¸mÄ
]-Xn-s\-«mw \q-äm@n-sâ ]-Ip-Xn-bnÂ
F-gp-Xn-b B te-J-\-s¯ a-äp ]-e B-t{µ
Um te-J-\-§-sf-bpw-t]m-se im-kv-{X
hn-cp-²-sa-¶v I-cp-Xn D-t]-£n-¨n-cn-¡m-\m-Wv
km-[y-X F-¶ \n-K-a-\-¯n-em-Wv A-bmÄ
F-¯n-t¨À-¶-Xv. A-bmÄ A-¸-\v th@n
A-¶-Xv tam-ãn-¨p. A-Xn ]-cm-aÀ-in-¨ Nn-e
]q-¡-sf-¡p-dn-¨v A-hn-sS X-s¶ dn-kÀ-¨v
\-S-¯p-¶ dn-¨mÀ-Up-am-bn kw-km-cn-¨p.
A-Xn ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶ ]-¸m-hÀ tkmw-\n-
s^-dw F-¶ H-¸n-bw t]m-¸n-bpw kmÂ-hn-b
Un-hn³-t^m-dw F-¶ kmÂ-hn-b-bpw
H-¶m-´-cw e-l-cn-a-cp-¶m-sW-¶v dn-¨mÀ-Uv
Nq@n-¡m-Wn-¨p. A-¸-s\-tbmÀ-¯v Nq@n-
¡m-Wn-¡-ep-I-sfm-¶pw am-\n-¡m-sX F-Ãmw
sI-«n-s¸-dp-¡n te-J-\-hp-am-bn A-bmÄ
\m-«n-te-¡v Xn-cn-¨p. A-¸-\v \-ã-s¸-« a-Ww
F-§-s\-sb-¦n-epw Xn-cn-¨v sIm-Sp-¡m-\p-Å
t{]-c-W am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶p A-bmÄ-¡p-ÅnÂ.
]-t£, A-bmÄ \m-«n Xn-cn-s¨-¯n-b
Zn-h-kw X-sâ A-¸³ a-cn-¨p-In-S-¡p-¶
Im-gv-N-bm-Wv A-bmÄ I@Xv.
"km-dn-sâ I-hn-X-bn-te-Xv t]m-se ]q-¡Ä
tImÀ-¯p-sIm@n-cn-s¡-bm-Wv A-¸³
a-cn-¨-Xv. A-¸-\v A-h-km-\w P-a-´n-am-e-bp-sS
a-Ww In-«n-sb-¶v ]-d-bp-¶ B I-hn-X
F-\n-s¡m-cp-]m-Sn-ã-am-Wv kmÀ. hÀ-j-§Ä-
¡v ti-jw B I-hn-X A-¸-s\-¡p-dn-¨p-Å
HmÀ-a-I-tfm-sS F-s¶ h-Ãm-sX _p-²n-ap-«n-¨p,
F-\n-¡v th@n B I-hn-X-sbm-¶v sNm-Ãp-
tam?' tPm-k-^v tNm-Zn-¨p.
Xn-I-¨pw A-{]-Xo-£n-X-am-bn-cp-¶ B
tNm-Zyw d-lo-an-s\ Ip-g-¡n. Xm³ I-hn-X-I-f-
§-s\ sNm-Ãm-dn-Ã. F-s´-¦n-epw ]-d-ªv
H-gn-ªm-tem F-¶m-Zyw B-tem-Nn-¨p.
]-t£, F-s´-¦n-ep-am-I-s« F-¶v I-cp-Xn
Xm-Sn-¡v sIm-Sp-¯n-cp-¶ Xm-§n \n-¶v
kz-X-{´-\m-bn d-low ]-Xn-sb Cu-
W-¯n I-hn-X sNm-Ãn.
"(C-cp@m I-dp-¸pw
sh-fp-¯m sh-fp-¸pw-
tImÀ-¡m³ B-h-Xn-Ãm-sX
\q-en ]q-
tImÀ-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶-bmÄ.
]q tImÀ-s¡,

2 P\phcn 2021
77
 am-e-IÄ sN-s¶-¯p-¶
C-S-§Ä HmÀ-s¡,
a-e-¼m-X-sb ta-t¨-
t]m-Ip-¶ Po-¸nÂ
am-Xm-hn-sâ ]-S-t¯-
Xq-§p-¶ ]q-am-e
Ip@n-epw Ip-gn-bn-epw
P-a-´n Ip-ep-¡n
a-Ww ]-c-¯p-¶p.
t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ
Po-¸n-sâ ]n³-ko-änÂ
]q-¡m-c-\n-cn-¡p-¶p
Cu-tim an-in-lm
h@n-tbm-Sn-¡p-¶p.
]-e-Xpw an@p-¶-Xn-\n-S-¡v
tam-iw h-gn Nq@n
Cu-tim ]-d-bp-¶p:
"I@n-tà kzÀ-K-t¯-¡p-Å h-gn
Ip@pw Ip-gn-bpw \n-d-ª-Xm-Wv.'
Nn-cn-¨v XoÀ-¶-Xpw
a-cn-¨v t]m-b-tXmÀ-¯-bmÄ
\n-e-t¯-¡v ho-Wp.
]q-¡Ä Nn-X-dn
P-a-´n-IÄ
I-®n-s\ a-d-¨p .
a-cn-¨p-t]m-b
A-bm-sfm-cp
]q-hm-bn-cp-¶p.).'
"Ip-Sn-¡m-\n-¯n-cn sh-Åw X-cm-tam?'
I-®n-dp-¡n-¸n-Sn-¨n-«pw C-cp I-hn-fn-te-¡pw
H-gp-In-h-¶ I-®p-\oÀ Xp-S-¨v sIm@v tPm-k-
^v tNm-Zn-¨p.
d-low A-Sp-¡-f-bn-te-¡v t]m-bn. hn-c-ep-
IÄ A-en-ªp-t]m-b I-¿p-am-bn C-Sp-¸nÂ
Xm-§v sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp sP-¤nÂ
sh-Åw \n-d-¨p. ]-t£ A-bmÄ I-®-S-¨n-cn-
¡p-¶-Xv F-´n-\m-sW-¶v C-tX-h-sc ]-d-ªn-
Ã-tÃm? F-¶v d-low HmÀ-¯p.
"F-¶n-«n-t¸mÄ F-´p@m-bn?' sP-¤v
ta-i-bn ]q-s¡-«n-\v k-ao-]w sh-¨p-sIm@v
d-low tNm-Zn-¨p.
"]-d-bmw kmÀ' P-¤n-s\ Xn-c-ªv tPm-k-^n-
sâ hn-c-ep-IÄ \o-´n. hm-bpw I-¿pw ]-Wn-
s¸-«v X-¸n-¸n-Sn-¨v A-bmÄ sh-Åw Ip-Sn-¨p.
A-¸-sâ a-c-W-ti-jw hÀ-j-§Ä I-gn-
ªm-Wv tPm-k-^v B I-hn-X hm-bn-¡p-¶-Xv.
A-Xv hm-bn-¨ ti-jw A-¸-s\-bpw A-¸m-¸-s\-
bpw-t]m-se X-sâ-bpw a-W-¡m-\p-Å ti-jn
\-ã-s¸-«v t]m-Ip-tam F-¶-bmÄ-¡v `-bw
tXm-¶n. A-t¸m-gm-Wv B-t{µ Um-en-sâ
te-J-\-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v A-bmÄ-¡v HmÀ-a h-¶-Xv.
H-cp-]m-Sv Im-ew ap-t¶ F-hn-sS-tbm
D-t]-£n-¨ B te-J-\w ]-g-b ^-b-ep-I-fnÂ
\n-¶pw Xn-c-ªv I@p-]n-Sn-¨p. kzo-Un-jv
`m-j-bn \n-¶pw I-gn-bp-¶-{X th-K-¯nÂ
78
Im-cy-§Ä a-\-Ên-em-¡n-sb-Sp-¯p. A-XnÂ
tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-b ]q-¡Ä ]-e-h-gn kw-L-Sn-¸n-
¨p. ]-t£ A-f-hn-sâ Im-cy-¯n H-¶pw-
X-s¶ B te-J-\-¯n hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¨n-cp-
¶n-Ã. F-¶n-«pw A-bm-f-Xv X-¶n X-s¶
]-co-£n-¨v t\m-¡n. B an-{in-Xw A-bmÄ-
X-s¶ Ip-Sn-¨p. ]-t£
t\À-hn-]-co-X-am-bn-cp-¶p kw-`-hn-¨-Xv.
"F-\n-¡v a-W-§Ä \-ã-s¸-«p kmÀ, A-Xv
h-Ãm-s¯m-cp A-\p-`-h-am-Wv. km-dn-\-dn-bm-tam
tem-Iw sam-¯w \-\m-hn-[w a-W-§-fmÂ
Np-ä-s¸-«v In-S-¡p-I-bm-Wv. a-W-§Ä-¡n-S-bn-
em-Wv a-\p-jy-sâ Po-hn-Xw. io-e-am-b
a-W-§-sf a-\p-jyÀ Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶n-Ã-sb-
t¶bp-Åq. a-Ww \-ã-s¸-«m tem-Iw X-s¶
N-¯-t]m-em-Wv, a-Ww \-ã-s¸-«-t¸m-gm-Wv
A-¸-sâ A-h-Ø F-\n-¡v i-cn-¡pw a-\-Ên-
em-b-Xv. "I-hn-fp-IÄ Xp-S-¨p-sIm@v A-bmÄ
d-lo-an-t\m-Sv ]-d-ªp. A-Xn-\v ti-jw
A-bmÄ-¡v tPm-en-¡v t]m-Im-t\m ]p-kv-X-I-
§Ä hm-bn-¡m-t\m t\-cmw-h-®w `-£-Ww
I-gn-¡m-t\m I-gn-bm-Xm-bn. A-bmÄ ap-dn-bnÂ
X-s¶ A-S-¨n-cn-¸m-bn. H-cp Zn-h-kw tZ-jyw
h-¶v B te-J-\-a-bmÄ I-¯n-¨v I-f-ªp.
"B-t{µ Um H-cp ssa-c-\m-Wv' A-bmÄ
Xp-S-sc-¯p-S-sc ]n-dp-]n-dp-¯p. F-´m-Wn-bmÄ-
¡v ]-än-b-Xv? a-Ww \-ã-s¸-«-Xn-\v C-bm-sf-´n-
\m-Wv I-®-S-¨v ]n-Sn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv? d-low
tNm-Zn-¨m-tem F-¶m-tem-Nn-¨v ssI D-bÀ-¯p-
t¼m-tg-¡pw A-bmÄ ho@pw Xp-SÀ-¶p.
a-Ww \-ã-s¸-«v Zn-h-k-§Ä-¡v ti-j-ap-Å
H-cp Zn-h-kw cm-hn-se \n-cm-i-tbm-sS In-S-¡p-
t¼mÄ s]-s«-¶-bmÄ-¡v en-Ãn-]q-hn-sâ a-Ww
aq-¡n X-d-¡p-¶-Xm-bn tXm-¶n. A-bmÄ
B-th-i-t¯m-sS Nm-Sn F-gp-t¶-äv a-Ww
h-cp-¶ Zn-i t\m-¡n \-S-¶p. \-Sp-A-I-t¯-¡v
t\m-¡n-b-t¸mÄ A-Xn-i-bw! H-cp h-en-b en-Ãn
]q-hv \n-ew Xp-S-¡p-¶-Xpw, ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä
A-Sp-¡n sh-¡p-¶-Xpw, X-«n-s¡m-«n hn-cn-¡p-
¶-Xpw A-bmÄ I@p. en-Ãn-bpw A-Xn-sâ
A-Zr-iy-a-W-hpw A-bm-sf B-sI B-th-i-
¯n-em-¡n. B-bm-f-Sp-¯v sN-¶v en-Ãn-sb
sI-«n-¸n-Sn-¨v A-Xn-sâ s\-dp-I-bn-se a-Ww
B-thm-fw \p-IÀ-¶p. B ]q-hv a-äm-cp-am-bn-cp-
¶n-Ã. A-bm-fp-sS ho-«p-tPm-en-¡v h-cp-¶
kv-{Xo-bm-bn-cp-¶p. X-\n-¡v Po-hn-X-¯nÂ
C-Xp-h-sc e-`n-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯ kv-t\-l-hm-bv-¸nÂ
k-t´m-jn-¨v a-Xn-a-d-¶v \nÂ-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p
B ]m-hw. A-sX-Ãmw I@p-sIm@v km-cn-bp-
Sp-¯v H-cp sN-¼-c-¯n I-b-dn h-¶p. A-Xm-
sW-¦n A-bm-fp-sS `m-cy-bpw. ]-d-b-tWm
]q-cw. A-¶v X-s¶ `m-cy ho-Sv hn-«n-d-§n
A-h-cp-sS ho-«n-te-¡v t]m-bn. ]-t£ A-bmÄ-
¡v k-¦-S-t¯-¡mÄ D-]-cn A-Xn-i-b-am-Wv
tXm-¶n-b-Xv. Im-c-Ww, B-Zy-am-bn-«m-Wv H-cp
]q-hv B-sc-sb-¦n-epw X-´-¡v hn-fn-¡p-¶-Xv
A-bmÄ tIÄ-¡p-¶-Xv. X-\n-s¡-´m-Wv
kw-`-hn-¨p-sIm@n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¶v a-\-Ên-em-
2 P\phcn 2021
hm-sX B-sI A-¦-em-¸n-em-bn-cp-¶n-«pw
A-t¶ Zn-h-kw \o@ A-h-[n-bn-em-bn-cp-¶
A-bmÄ-¡v tIm-f-Pn-te-¡v t]m-Im³ tXm-¶n.
B-sI-sbm-cp D-t·-jw. A-bmÄ
h@n-sb-Sp-¯v ]p-d-s¸-«p. t]m-Ipw-h-gn
A-Xn-i-b-I-c-am-bn ]q-¡-fp-tS-Xm-bn am-dn-b
H-cp tem-I-s¯ A-bmÄ I@p. F-§pw H-ä
a-\p-jyÀ t]m-ep-an-Ã. F-Ãm-h-cpw hy-Xy-kv-X-
am-b ]q-¡Ä. Hm-tcm ]q-¡Ä-¡pw H-cp
Ip-S-bp-sS h-en-¸w. sIm-§n-Wn ap-XÂ Xp-¼
h-sc A-t\-Im-bn-cw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b ]q-¡Ä.
A-h ssk-¡nÄ N-hn-«p-¶q,
h@n-tbm-Sn-¡p-¶q, sX-cp-hn ]-c-kv-]-c-a-dn-
bm-sX \-S-¡p-¶q, Nm-b ]m-cp-¶q, `-£-Ww
I-gn-¡p-¶q, {Sm-^n-Iv ap-dn-¨v I-S-¡p-¶q.
_-Ên Xn-§n \n-d-ªv bm-{X sN-¿p-¶q.
A-bmÄ P-\Â I-®m-Sn Xp-d-¶n-«p.
]q-¡-fp-sS a-Ww Im-dn-s\ s]m-Xn-ªp.
A-§-s\ ]q-`-cn-X tem-I-¯n-eq-sS A-bmÄ
h@n-tbm-Sn-¨v tIm-f-Pn-se-¯n. Ìm-^v
dq-an-epw {]n³-kn-¸mÄ Hm-^o-kn-epw B-sc-
bpw I@n-Ã. ¢m-kn-te-¡v t]m-b-Xm-hp-sa-¶v
I-cp-Xn ssSw tS-_nÄ t\m-¡n A-bmÄ t]
m-tI@n-bn-cp-¶ Fw F-kv kn
t_m-«-Wn-bp-sS H-¶mw hÀ-j ¢m-kn-te-¡v
sN-¶p. B-Zy-a-bmÄ ¢m-kn-sâ sh-fn-bnÂ
\n-¶v F-¯n t\m-¡n. H-cp tN-\-
]q-t]-\ sIm@v sN-hn tXm@p-¶q, H-cp
I-S-em-kv-]q-hv tdm-¡-äv hn-t£-]n-¡p-¶q, H-cp
I-\m-Im-¼-cw sh-dp-tX Xm-Sn-¡v ssI-sIm-Sp-
¯n-cn-¡p-¶q, H-cp P-a-´n ]n-¶n-te-¡v
Nm-ªn-cn-¡p-¶q, Nn-e ]q-¡Ä Iq-«-t¯m-sS
\p-W ]-d-ªv Nn-cn-¡p-¶q. B-sI sam-¯w
a-W-§-fp-sS _-l-fw.
X-s¶ I@Xpw kq-cy-s\ I@ kq-cy-Im-
´n-¸m-Sw t]m-se-bm-bn ¢m-kv. kz-bw
X-S-bm³ {i-an-¨n-«pw kq-cy-Im-´n-¸m-S-¯n-te-
¡n-d-§n-b Ip-«n-sb-t¸m-em-bn A-bmÄ. B
sN@p-I-fn-tem-tcm-¶n-epw B-th-i-t¯m-sS
a-W-¯v t\m-¡n D-½-sh-¨p.
"kmÀ A-h-sc-s¶ am-c-I-am-bn D-]-{Z-hn-¨v
s]m-eo-kn-teÂ-]n-¨p, kz-´w A-[ym-
]-I-\m-sW-¶ Ip-ªp I-cp-W t]m-epw
A-h-sc-t¶m-Sv Im-Wn-¨n-Ã.' tPm-k-^v
]-d-ªp. C-Xn-t\m-S-Iw ]q-¡Ä Iq-«-t¯m-sS
H-cm-sf D-]-{Z-hn-¡p-¶ am-c-I Im-gv-N-bnÂ
sX-dn-s¨-¯p-¶ a-W-¯n ap-gp-In-bn-cn-¸m-bn-
cp-¶p tUm-ÎÀ d-low.
Im-¡n-bp-Sp-¸n-« sN@p-a-Ãn-IÄ A-bm-sf
tNm-Zyw sN-bv-Xp. B ]q-¡-fp-sS hÀ-W-tim-`-
bpw a-W-hpw A-bm-sf ho@pw {]-tem-`n-¸n-
¨p. tNm-Zyw sN-¿-en-\n-sS A-bmÄ B
]q-¡-sf-bpw a-W-¯v t\m-¡m³ {i-an-¨p.
A-h-km-\w A-bmÄ-¡v h-«m-sW-¶v Xo-cp-am-
\n-¨v s]m-eo-kv A-bm-sf am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky
tI-{µ-¯n-em-¡m³ Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p. h@n-bnÂ
I-b-än sIm@p-t]m-Ipw h-gn A-bmÄ Hm-Sn
c-£-s¸-«p.
2 P\phcn 2021
"]q-¡-fp-sS X-S-h-d-bn \n-¶pw c-£-s¸-«
B-Zy-s¯ BÄ Rm-\m-Wv, A-h-cnÂ-\n-¶pw
c-£-s¸-«v Ip-d-¨v Zn-h-kw A-e-ªv Xn-cn-ªv
\-S-¶p. Po-hn-X-¯n-se-t´m H-cp Ip-d-hp-Å-
Xm-bn Ip-td Im-e-am-bn tXm-¶n-bn-cp-¶p.
A-h-km-\w Rm-\-Xv I@p-]n-Sn-¨p kmÀ.
B-tem-Nn-¨-t¸mÄ \n-§-sf h-¶v Im-Wmw
F-¶v Xo-cp-am-\n-¨v C-t§m-«v h-¶p.' A-bmÄ
ap-gp-h-\m-¡n. ap-dn au-\-am-bn.
F-´m-bn-cn-¡pw A-bmÄ I-s@¯n-b
A-bm-fp-sS Ip-d-hv. X-s¶ tX-Sn
F-´n-\m-bn-cn-¡pw A-bmÄ C-t§m-«v h-¶-Xv.
ssh-Zy-k-lm-b-am-Wv e-£y-sa-¦nÂ;
"hn-i-Z-am-b ]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-eq-sS am-{X-ta
F-\n-s¡-s´-¦n-epw sN-¿m³ I-gn-bq.' H-cp
\o@ au-\-¯n-\v ti-jw tUm-ÎÀ d-low
a-Ww \-ã-s¸-«v Zn-h-k-§Ä-
¡v ti-j-ap-Å H-cp Zn-h-kw
cm-hn-se \n-cm-i-tbm-sS
In-S-¡p-t¼mÄ s]-s«-¶-
bmÄ-¡v en-Ãn-]q-hn-sâ a-Ww
aq-¡n X-d-¡p-¶-Xm-bn
tXm-¶n. A-bmÄ B-th-i-
t¯m-sS Nm-Sn F-gp-t¶-äv
a-Ww h-cp-¶ Zn-i t\m-¡n
\-S-¶p. \-Sp-A-I-t¯-¡v
t\m-¡n-b-t¸mÄ A-Xn-i-bw!
H-cp h-en-b en-Ãn
]q-hv \n-ew Xp-S-¡p-¶-Xpw,
]p-kv-X-I-§Ä A-Sp-¡n
sh-¡p-¶-Xpw, X-«n-s¡m-«n
hn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw A-bmÄ
I@p. en-Ãn-bpw A-Xn-sâ
A-Zr-iy-a-W-hpw A-bm-sf
B-sI B-th-i-¯n-em-¡n.
B-bm-f-Sp-¯v sN-¶v en-Ãn-
sb sI-«n-¸n-Sn-¨v A-Xn-sâ
s\-dp-I-bn-se a-Ww B-thm-
fw \p-IÀ-¶p.
]-d-ªp.
"km-sdm-cp ]-cn-lm-c-hpw sN-¿@'
A-bm-fp-sS C-Xp-h-sc-bp-Å kw-`m-j-W-¯n-
sâ `m-hw am-dn.
"]n-s¶ ?' d-low kw-i-b-t¯m-sS
tNm-Zn-¨p.
"Nn-e-cp-sS hn-Nm-cw X-s¶ H-cmÄ H-cp
Im-cyw X-§-tfm-Sv ]-d-bp-¶-Xv A-Xn-\v t]
mw-h-gn \nÀ-tZ-in-¡m-\m-sW-¶m. X-§-sf
tIÄ-¡m³ Nn-e-t¸mÄ B-fp-IÄ-¡v H-cp
Im-Xv am-{Xw a-Xn, F-\n-¡v am-{X-am-bp-Å
Cu Im-gv-N Rm³ Nn-In-Õn-¨v t`-Z-am-¡m³
D-t±-in-¡p-¶n-Ã.' tPm-k-^v ]-d-ªp.
"]n-s¶-´n-\m-Wv \n-§Ä h-¶-Xv?
F-´m-Wv \n-§-fp-sS {]-iv-\w?' d-low
79
tNm-Zn-¨p.
"km-dn-\v H-cmÄ ]q-¡Ä k-½m-\-am-
bn sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv F-´n-\m-sW-¶v
A-dn-bm-tam?' A-bmÄ tNm-Zn-¨p.
"A-dn-bn-Ã ]-d-bq.' d-low ]-d-ªp
"]q-¡-sf B-cpw kw-i-bn-¡n-Ã
kmÀ. am-{X-a-Ã, ]q-¡-sf k-½m-\-am-bn
kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶ B-fn-sâ
am-\-kn-I-\n-e-sb A-Xv {]-k-¶-am-¡p-
I-Iq-Sn sN-¿pw. A-Xp-sIm@m-W-tÃm
cm-Pym-´-c A-XnÀ-¯n {]-iv-\-§-fnÂ
t]m-epw ]q-¡Ä {]-[m-\ L-S-I-am-hp-
¶-Xv. ]q-¡-sf kw-i-bn-¡p-am-bn-cp-s¶-
¦n cm-Po-hv Km-Ôn t_mw-_v s]m-«n
a-cn-¡n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶-tÃm kmÀ.' A-bmÄ
]-d-ªp.
"Dw' X-\n-¡p-Å-Xm-bn Xn-cn-¨-dn-ª
B Ip-d-hv F-´m-Wv, F-´n-\m-W-bmÄ
C-t§m-«v h-¶-Xv F-¶m-tem-Nn-¡p-I-bm-
bn-cp-¶p d-low.
"km-dn-\-dn-bm-tam Cu tem-Iw ]-e
a-W-§-fm \n-d-ª-Xm-Wv. K-Ô-§-fp-
sS k-©-bw \m-ä-am-Wv. F-sâ A-¸-\
pw A-¸m-¸-\pw ]q-¡Ä tImÀ-¯v Cu
tem-I-s¯ \m-ä-¯n \n-¶pw
c-£n-¡p-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. F-\n-s¡-
t´m Ip-d-hp-s@¶v F-t¸m-gpw
F-\n-¡v tXm-¶m-dp-s@¶v ]-d-ª-tÃm.
A-¸-s\-t¸m-gpw F-t¶m-Sv A-dn-hp-Å
]q-¡m-c-\m-Im-\m-Wv ]-d-ª-Xv, ]-t£
Rm-t\m ]q-¡m-c-\m-Im-sX ]q-¡-sf-¡p-
dn-¨v ]Tn-¡p-I-bpw A-Xn-s\ ]-cn-
]m-en-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ H-cm-fm-bm-Wv

80 2 P\phcn 2021
 C-{X-Im-ew Po-hn-¨-Xv. ]q-¡m-c³
]q-¡-fn-dp-¡p-I-bpw am-e tImÀ-¡p-I-bp-
am-Wv sN-¿p-I. A-Xm-bn-cp-¶p F-sâ
Ip-d-hv. Rm-s\m-cp ]q-¡m-c-\-Ã, F-\n-¡v
i-cn-¡p-sam-cp ]q-¡m-c-\m-h-Ww. H-cp
]q-¡m-c-\m-bm am-{X-ta F-\n-¡v
]qÀ-W-X h-cq. H-scm-¶m-´-cw ]q-am-e
tImÀ-¡m³ Xp-S-§p-I-bm-Wv Rm³.
B-tem-Nn-¨-t¸mÄ C-hn-sS-\n-¶pw
Xp-S-§-W-sa-¶v tXm-¶n. A-Xm-Wv
C-t§m-«v h-¶-Xv.' A-Xv ]-d-ªv-XoÀ-¶-
Xpw A-bmÄ I-®v Xp-d-¶p. Np-a-¶v
tNm-c-bn-äp-¶ I-®n X-sâ {]-Xn-_nw-
_w ]q-hm-bn hn-cn-bp-¶-Xv d-low I@p.
ta-i-ta sh-¨n-cp-¶ tdm-km-s¡-«nÂ
\n-¶pw A-bmÄ a-d-ªn-cp-¶ I-¯n
h-en-¨q-cn. I-¯n-bp-sS A-cn-In-eq-sSm-gp-
Ip-¶ aqÀ-¨ d-lo-an-sâ I-gp-¯n-eq-sS
an-¶n-t¸m-bn. A-t¿m..! I-gp-¯v ap-dp-sI-
¸n-Sn-¨v-sIm@v d-low A-e-dn. A-bmÄ
I-tk-c-bn \n-¶v sR-«n-bp-WÀ-¶p.
kz-´w X-e X-¸n t\m-¡n. A-bm-fnÂ
]-cn-{`-a-hpw B-izm-k-hpw C-S-I-eÀ-s¶-
¯n. I-ep-j-am-b a-\-Êp-am-bn hn-c-ep-IÄ
P-\-e-gn-I-fn sIm-fp-¯n ap-ä-s¯
]q-¡-fn t\m-¡n \n-¶p. ]q-¡Ä
X-s¶-bm-tWm t\m-¡p-¶-Xv F-¶
tXm-¶-en d-lo-an-\v B-Zy-am-bn
]q-¡-tfm-Sv `-bw tXm-¶n. A-t¸mÄ tK-äv
Xp-d-¶v H-cp sI-«v ]q-¡-fp-am-bn H-cmÄ
I-S-¶p h-cp-¶-Xv d-low I@p. d-low
hn-c-ep-I-fn-te-¡v t\m-¡n. H-cp Nn-cn
]-Xn-sb hn-c-ep-I-fn hn-cn-bp-¶-Xm-bn
A-bmÄ-¡v tXm-¶n.!

2 P\phcn 2021
81
 krjvSnIÄ
Ab¡p¶hcpsS {i²bv¡v

BgvN¸Xn¸nsâ Cþsabn hnemk¯ntem X]mentem am{Xw Ab¡pI.

tkm^väv tIm¸n Ab¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶ lmÀUv tIm¸nbpw Ab¡p¶XmWv DNnXw.
AXn\mbncn¡pw IqSpXÂ ]cnKW\.
]{Xm[n] kanXn AwK§fpsS Cþsabn hnemk¯ntem hmSvkvþB¸ntem krjvSnIÄ
Ab¨m ]cnKWn¡nÃ.
krjvSnIÄ kw_Ôamb adp]SnIÄ¡v kz´w taÂhnemksagpXn Ìms¼m«n¨
IhÀ Ab¡pI.
t^mWn adp]Sn Akm[yw.
]{Xm[n]kanXn
Printed and Published by P.K.K Bava for The Muslim Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd., Kozhikode at Chandrika Press, Y.M.C.A. Road, Kozhikode - 673 001.
Editor: C.P. Saidalavi. (Editor Responsible for selection of contents under PRB Act)

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 2 January 2021

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