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A ON Structural Analysis and Design of Admin Building
A ON Structural Analysis and Design of Admin Building
REPORT
ON
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
ADMIN BUILDING
Prepared By
DB Multi Engineering Consultant Pvt. Ltd.
Kupandole, Lalitpur, Nepal
Submitted To
Nov, 2020
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
This report comprises the summary of the design of Admin Building. The
report consists of the design procedure adopted, assumptions made and
input and output from the design and analysis. It is assumed that the
Client will completely follow the Structural Design specified in the form
of Design Drawings attached in the report.
……………………………….
NAME: Dr. Suman Narsingh Rajbhandari
NEC NO: 265 Civil “A”
(STRUCTURE ENGINEER)
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................1
1.1 General................................................................................................................1
1.2 Salient Features...................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Project Information..........................................................................................1
1.2.2 Building Features.............................................................................................1
1.2.3 Site Condition..................................................................................................3
1.3 General................................................................................................................3
1.4 Codes and Standard used.....................................................................................5
1.5 Software Used.....................................................................................................5
2 Analysis..............................................................................................................5
2.1 Material properties..............................................................................................5
2.1.1 Concrete...........................................................................................................5
2.1.2 Reinforcement Steel........................................................................................6
2.2 Section Properties................................................................................................6
2.3 Loadings..............................................................................................................6
2.3.1 Load Cases.......................................................................................................7
2.3.2 Load Combination...........................................................................................7
2.4 Estimation of Load..............................................................................................8
2.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)................................................................................8
2.4.2 Live Load.......................................................................................................10
2.4.3 Seismic Load.................................................................................................12
3 Analysis Output...............................................................................................12
3.1 Seismic Coefficient Method..............................................................................13
3.1.1 Base Shear Calculation..................................................................................13
3.2 Story Drift.........................................................................................................13
3.3 Modal time period and mass participation........................................................14
3.4 Center of mass and rigidity...............................................................................15
4 Force Diagram.................................................................................................15
4.1 Axial Force Diagram.........................................................................................15
4.2 Shear Force Diagram.........................................................................................16
4.3 Moment Diagram..............................................................................................17
4.4 Joint Reactions..................................................................................................17
5 Design of Structural Members (Sample Design)..........................................18
5.1 Design Input and Output...................................................................................18
5.1.1 Section Input Diagram...................................................................................18
5.2 Design of Slab...................................................................................................22
5.3 Design of Beam and Column............................................................................23
5.3.1 Sample Beam Design.....................................................................................23
5.3.2 Sample Column Design.................................................................................24
5.4 Staircase Design................................................................................................27
5.5 Strong Column Weak Beam..............................................................................30
5.6 Design of Footing (Critical Footing).................................................................33
References...................................................................................................................35
List of Figure
The analysis and design has been based on IS codes that are in practice in Nepal. This
report consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs and
outputs, and sample design of structural members.
1
Figure 1: Plan of Building
2
1.2.3 Site Condition
1.3 General
After completion of Architectural design, the layout of columns and beams are
done without affecting the Architectural functions of building so far. Structure is
modeled using finite element method. A three-dimensional beam element
having 12 DOF with 6 DOFs at each node were used for modeling beams and
columns in the building, while 24 DOFs shell element with 6 DOFs at each node
were used to model slab wall.
The structure is analyzed by the linear elastic theory to calculate internal actions
produced by anticipated design loads. The analysis is carried out using state of
art three dimensional structural analysis programs like Staad ProV8i, ETABS
2015. The design loads considered as per the relevant codes of practice comprise
dead load due to permanent structures, live load due to occupancy of the
structure and seismic load due to anticipated earthquake possible at the proposed
location. A number of load combinations are considered to obtain the maximum
values of design stresses.
Following considerations is made during modeling, analysis and design.
3
vertical direction, since it is not considered to be significant for design
of structural members suitable load combinations as suggested by IS
1893– 2002 are used.
Figure 3: 3D of Building
4
1.4 Codes and Standard used
For the structural analysis and design, the following codes and standard are
followed:
Among others, ETABS can do model generation, seismic and wind load
generation, finite element-based linear and non-linear static and dynamic
analysis, concrete frame design (column and beam) and shear wall design.
2 Analysis
2.1 Material properties
2.1.1 Concrete
Column is designed for M25 grade of concrete. And all other components of
plain and reinforced concrete unless specified in design are M25 grade.
5
Unit Weight = 25 KN/m3
The preliminary sizes of Beam, Column, and Slab were chosen based on
experience.
During the analysis, beam and column are modeled as frame elements whereas
slab loads are applied directly.
2.3 Loadings
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural
model:
The loads distributed over the area are imposed on the area element and
the loads distributed over the length are imposed on the frame elements
whenever possible.
Where such loading is not possible, equivalent conversion to different
loading distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far
as possible.
For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with the
requirements of IS 1893-2002.
6
2.3.1 Load Cases
The following load cases are used for the loading during analysis.
Load
Load Name Description Unit Remarks
Type
Dead Dead Self-weight of the structure KN/m2
LIVE Live Imposed Load <3 KN/m On floor slab
LIVE 2 Live Imposed Load >3 KN/m2 On floor slab
Roof Live Live Roof Live KN/m2 On floor slab
WALL LOAD Dead Partition Wall Load KN/m On floor beams
FINISHES Dead Floor Finish Load KN/m2 On floor slab
EQX Seismic Seismic Coefficient IS1893 X+0.05Y
EQY Seismic Seismic Coefficient IS1893 Y+0.05X
1.5(DL + LL)
1.2(DL + LL ± EQ)
1.5(DL ± EQ)
0.9 DL ±1.5 EQ
S.
Name Type
N
1 1.5(DL + LL) 1.5(DL + LL)
2 1.2(DL + LL+ EQx) 1.2(DL + LL+ EQx)
3 1.2(DL + LL - EQx) 1.2(DL + LL - EQx)
4 1.2(DL + LL + EQy) 1.2(DL + LL + EQy)
7
5 1.2(DL + LL - EQy) 1.2(DL + LL - EQy)
6 1.5(DL + EQx) 1.5(DL + EQx)
7 1.5(DL - EQx) 1.5(DL - EQx)
8 1.5(DL + EQy) 1.5(DL + EQy)
9 1.5(DL - EQy) 1.5(DL - EQy)
10 0.9DL + 1.5EQx 0.9DL + 1.5EQx
11 0.9DL - 1.5EQx 0.9DL - 1.5EQx
12 0.9DL + 1.5EQy 0.9DL + 1.5EQy
13 0.9DL - 1.5EQy 0.9DL - 1.5EQy
The load calculations are based on actual measured drawings. The self-weight of
beams, columns and slabs are calculated by the program. Similarly, the imposed
loads are applied on the slab as area load in KN/m 2 and values of imposed loads
are tabulated below. The weight of infill walls is calculated and applied on beams
as line weight in KN/m.
Partition wall load are assigned as uniformly distributed area load in slab as
area load in KN/m2.
Floor finishing load are assigned as area load in slab.
Single type of Live load is assigned in each panel of slab.
A frame load is applied as parapet loading on the exterior frame of the roof
level.
The roof is assumed accessible and loaded with roof live load as per Indian
Standard, IS 875 -1987(part2) but this load is not considered during seismic
load.
8
3 Screed 21.0 KN/m3
4 Marble 26.7 KN/m3
5 Mosaic finish 23.1 KN/m3
6 Plaster 20.4 KN/m3
7 Steel Rebar 78.6 KN/m3
Unit Weights of
1 materials
Brick masonry 16.5 kN/m3
Screed 21 kN/m3
Mosaic 23.1 kN/m3
Marble 26.7 kN/m3
Reinforced Concrete 25 kN/m3
cement plaster 20.4 kN/m3
9
Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load)
10
Figure 5: Floor Finish Load (Dead Load) on First Floor
11
The seismic load is applied to the building with auto lateral load pattern in
ETABS 2013 as per IS 1893-2002. This load case is assumed static linear and
all the necessary data are given as per the following conditions.
To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the country lies in the
seismic zone V according to IS 1893:2002. The soil type is considered as soft
with 5% damping to determine average response acceleration. The building is
analyzed as moment resisting frame without consideration of infill wall.
Therefore the fundamental time period Tais obtained by using the following
formula:
The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Table
6, Cl.7.3.1, IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
3 Analysis Output
The analysis results are discussed in this chapter. Both seismic coefficient and
response spectrum methods are used. The major discussion are focused on the
eccentricity, story shear, inter story drift, maximum displacement and base shear
along two orthogonal directions. The column and beam size and reinforcement
are the designed for the maximum response.
12
given in Table 7. This result will be used to compare and scale the base shear
from response spectrum method.
X 0.45
Y 0.45
Z I S a 0.36 1.0 Sa
Ah = = x x
2 R g 2 5 g
TABLE: Story
13
Drifts
Story Load Case/Combo Label Item Drift
Story3 EQX 16 Max Drift X 0.00199
Story3 EQY 16 Max Drift Y 0.00186
Story2 EQX 12 Max Drift X 0.00258
Story2 EQY 16 Max Drift Y 0.00249
Story1 EQX 12 Max Drift X 0.00192
Story1 EQY 16 Max Drift Y 0.00182
It is seen that drift does not exceed the code prescribed value of 0.004 times
story height Thus the drift check seems to comply with the safety value
mentioned in the code.
14
3.4 Center of mass and rigidity
TABLE: Centers of
Mass and Rigidity
Story Diaphragm XCCM YCCM XCR YCR
m m m m
Story1 D1 5.9384 6.9127 6.9839 7.8073
Story2 D2 6.1011 7.0287 7.124 7.9731
Story3 D3 6.4754 7.4662 7.1868 8.0339
4 Force Diagram
The output of forces obtained from ETABS analysis for Envelope have
presented below as a sample only. The output forces are axial force, Shear force
and Moments.
4.1 Axial Force Diagram
15
4.2 Shear Force Diagram
16
4.3 Moment Diagram
17
Base 13 DL+LL 216.6183
Base 14 DL+LL 340.181
Base 15 DL+LL 364.6254
Base 16 DL+LL 321.0424
Base 26 DL+LL 29.3802
18
Figure 11: Section Input In Frame Along grid 3-3
19
Figure 12: Section Input in First Floor
20
Design Output Diagram
21
Figure 14: Design Output in Frame along Grid 3-3
22
Figure 15: Design Output in First Floor
23
5.2 Design of Slab
5.2.1
24
5.3 Design of Beam and Column
5.3.1 Sample Beam Design
ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
350 400 350 0 45 45
Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
25
Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-157.087 16.149 0 -173.236
26
Length
Level Element Section ID Combo ID Station Loc LLRF
(mm)
M20C450X4
Story1 C16 UDCon7 0 3600 0.922
50
Section Properties
Cover (Torsion)
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm)
(mm)
450 450 60 30
Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
27
Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Vu2
Minor Shear,
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Vu3
28
Concrete Cover 0.02 m
Effective Depth of Slab
under the staircase 0.13 m
Effective Depth of Slab for
Treader length 0.3 m Landing 0.13 m
0.15 Overall Depth of Slab
Riser Length 3 m under the staircase 0.15 m
Number of Overall Depth of Slab for
Treads 6 Landing 0.15 m
Number of
Risers 7
0.33
Inclined Length 6763 m
Concrete Characteristic M
Strength 20 Pa
Width of M
Landing A, l1 1.5 m Tensile strength of Steel 500 Pa
Width of 0.4560
Landing B, l2 1.47 m x/d 90652
Projected
Length of Required Effective Depth 105.98 m
Flights, l2 1.8 m for Flight 96574 m
Projected
Height of 1.07
Flights,h 1 m
29
2.8369
b1 0.23 m A 02648
-
56521.
b2 3.96 m B 73913
115079
b3 2.13 m C 811.9
m
2302.0 m
b4 2.2 m Area of Steel 0217 2
b5 0.23 m
Check for Shear
Percent Tension 0.5749 M
Reinforcement 25617 Pa
Thickness of Permissible Shear Stress in 0.3249 M
Floor Finish 0.05 m Concrete for one way 85123 Pa
Density of kN/
Concrete 25 m3
density of Floor kN/ 0.1931 M Sa
Finish 20 m3 Maximum Shear Stress 0686 Pa fe
m
Diameter of Rebar 16 m
269.01 m
Dead Load of Flights Spacing 39705 m
0.57
Step Section 375 kN
1.26 Development Length
Inclined Slab 2859 kN Check
0.45 M
Finish 3 kN Design Bond Stress 1.2 pa
Total Dead Load 2.28 m
per flight 9609 kN Ld 906.25 m
Total per m2 on 7.63 kN/ 1488.3 m
plan 2032 m2 M1/V 57883 m
Live Load per kN/
m2 on Plan 4 m2
11.6 kN/
Total Load 3203 m2
17.4 kN/
Factored Load 4805 m2
Load for
assumed slab 53.7 kN/
width 3999 m2
m
Distribution Steel m
Requirements 480.48 2
30
Diameter of Transverse m
Landing A Rebar 10 m
Self Weight of kN/ 503.46 m
Slab 3.75 m2 Spacing 03612 m
kN/
Finish 1 m2
kN/
Live Load 4 m2
kN/
Total Load 8.75 m2 Landing Slab Design
13.1 kN/ 154.63
Factored Load 25 m2 Load 99737 kN
Load for
assumed slab 19.6 kN/
width 875 m2 L 8.52 m
B 1.5 m
Maximum Bending 164.69 kN Sa
Moment 1572 m fe
Depth check
Effective depth required 181.68 m
for Landing Slab, d 9292 m
Landing B
Self Weight of kN/ 5.8251
Slab 3.75 m2 A 0677
-
kN/ 56521.
Finish 1 m2 B 73913
kN/ 164691
Live Load 4 m2 C 572
m
kN/ m
Total Load 8.75 m2 Area of Steel #NUM! 2
13.1 kN/
Factored Load 25 m2
Load for
assumed slab 19.2 kN/ m
width 9375 m2 Diameter of Rebar 8 m
77.3
Ra 1999 kN
77.3
Rb 0505 kN Shear Check
77.319
Load 98686 kN
SFD
31
77.3
0 1999 kN
47.7
1.5 8874 kN
0.3965 M Sa
2.389258 0 kN Shear Stress 12753 pa fe
-
48.9
3.3 432 kN
- m
77.3 m
4.77 051 kN Transverse Reinforcement 234 2
Diameter of Transverse m
Rebar 8 m
322.21 m
BMD Spacing 46311 m
kN
0 0 m
93.8 kN
1.5 3154 m
115. kN
2.389258 0798 m
92.7 kN
3.3 9249 m
kN
4.77 0 m
Material Characteristics:
Section Characteristics:
32
Effective Cover (d') = 40 mm
d'
D = 0.088 ≈ 0.1 for all Column
, Pu =410.88 KN
Then,
pu
=
f ck 0.020
Pu
f ck∗b∗D = 0.146
Mu
2
From chart f ck ∗b∗D = 0.16, chart (48) ,
Then,
LOWER COLUMN
Pu = 681.88 KN
pu
=
f ck 0.034
33
Pu
f ck ∗b∗D = 0.24
Mu
M uv=168 KN-M
Left beam
Concrete Grade = M20 (fck = 20 N/mm2)
34
Moment = 213KN-M
Right beam
Width of Beam (bw) = 350 mm
36
Now calculation of reinforcement
Mu= (0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1
-(Ast/
(bd))*(fy/fck))
Area of steel 1,828.51
38771.49353
Now final area of steel 1,828.51
Spacing of bars required 179.3716774
150 mm
Diameter (mm) 12
References
[1]IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
[2]IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures
[9]ETABS manual V 13
37