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10172-Volume62 Issue2-060 Paper 3
10172-Volume62 Issue2-060 Paper 3
10172-Volume62 Issue2-060 Paper 3
62 (2017), 2, 879-883
DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0129
In this article, it aims to propose effective approaches for hydro-forming process of bi-metallic composite pipe by assuming
plane strain and elastic-perfectly plastic material model. It derives expressions for predicting hydro-forming pressure and residual
stress of the forming process of bi-metallic composite pipe. Test data from available experiments is employed to check the model
and formulas. It shows the reliability of the proposed model and formulas impersonally.
Keywords: metallic pipe, composite, hydro-forming, pressure, residual stress
9 (c N ) V s1 / E1 | c V s1 / E1 (7)
§ N 9 · 2OV s1
P2 P P10 P (15)
¨ c ¸ ba
Prc © ¹ (9)
1 ª c 2 (c O b / c) 2 º ½ Substituting Eq. 15 into Eq. 10 gives
° « 2 2
Q 1 » °
° E1 ¬ c (c O b / c) ¼ ° § 2OV s1 · ½
® ¾ ° ¨ P b a ¸ ª(1 Q )c 2 / d 2 º °
° 1 ª d 2 c2 º ° °© ¹ 2 °
° E « 2 2 Q 2 » ° ® 2 2 « » V s1 / E1 ¾
¯ 2 ¬d c ¼ ¿ ° E2 (1 c / d ) ¬« (1 Q 2 ) ¼» °
Substituting Eqs. 6 and 7 into 9, it derives, Prc ¯° ¿° (16)
1 ª c 2 (c O b / c) 2 º ½
2
cP2 ª (1 Q 2 )d º ½ ° « 2 2
Q 1 » °
° 2 2 «
(1 Q 2 )c » ° ° E1 ¬ c (c O b / c) ¼ °
® E2 (d c ) «¬ c »¼ ¾ ® ¾
° ° ° 1 ª d 2 c2 º °
V / E ° E « d 2 c 2 Q 2 »
Prc ¯ s1 1 ¿ (10) ¯ 2 ¬ ¼
°
¿
1 ª c 2 (c O b / c) 2 º ½
° « 2 2
Q 1 » °
° E1 ¬ c (c O b / c) ¼ ° Eq. 16 indicates the relationship between the residual stress
® 2 2
¾ and the loaded internal pressure process.
° 1 ªd c º °
° E « 2 2 Q 2 » °
¯ 2 ¬d c ¼ ¿
Thus, the relationship between the residual pressure Prc 3. Stress analysis in mechanical drawing process
at the contact surface after unloading and the inner pressure P
during loading process could be obtained with the help of Eq. 2, As to the manufacture of bi-metallic tube by drawing
2OV s1 method, the production process is shown in Fig. 3.
P P10 P2
ba
1 ª c 2 (c O b / c) 2 º ½ ½
° ° « 2 2
Q 1 » ° °
° ° E1 ¬« c (c O b / c) ¼» ° V s1 °
® Prc ® ¾ ¾
° ° 1 ª d 2 c2 º ° E1 °
° ° E « 2 2 Q 2 » ° °
¯ ¯ 2 «¬ d c »¼ ¿ ¿
° 2 2 ½°
E2 (1 c / d )
® 2 2 ¾ (11)
¯°[(1 Q 2 )c / d (1 Q 2 )] ¿°
In addition, it can be seen from Eq. 8, that as the composite
between the liner pipe and the base pipe is complete, there is
residual compressive stress after unloading only if κ ≥ ς. This
leads to a following requirement for P2 at this time,
Fig. 3. Manufacture of bi-metallic composite pipe process by drawing
V s1 E2 (d 2 c 2 ) method; 1 – drawbar; 2 – base tube; 3 – lined pipe; 4 – extrusion cone
P2 t P2c ' (12)
^E ª¬(1 Q )c
1 2
2
(1 Q 2 )d 2 º¼`
The expressions for inner pressure of bulging the inner
Combing Eq. 3 with Eq. 12 gives following formula, pipe, the contact pressure, and the unloading residual pressure
V s 2 2 E2 ª Prc, Eq. 16 are the same as those in the “hydro-forming process”
P2c ≥ P2c', i.e., t / (1 Q 2 ) (1 Q 2 )c 2 / d 2 º¼ (13)
V s1 E1 ¬ situation proposed in the previous section.
882
According to Coulomb’s friction law, there is a sliding Wang’s experiment shows the test results of residual contact
friction coefficient μ of the cone and the lined pipe as the cone pressure Prc for hydro-forming process under different pres-
moves during the drawing process. The products of μ and the sure P conditions [11], which indicated in Fig. 4 by the cross
inner force of the cone acting the inner line pipe gives the fric- symbol “×”.
tion force, which is equal to the drawing force F for cone to These experimental data could be employed to check the
move forward, thus applicable of Eq. (16).
F 2S cl P P 2S cl P
1 ª c 2 (c O b / c) 2 º ½ ½ ½
° ° ° « 2 Q 1 » ° ° °
2
°° 2OV s1 ° ° E1 ¬« c (c O b / c) ¼» ° V s1 ° ° E2 (1 c 2 / d 2 ) ½°°°
® ® Prc ® ¾ ¾ ® 2 2 ¾¾ (17)
° ba ° ° 1 ªd c 2 2 º ° E1 ° °¯[(1 Q 2 )c / d (1 Q 2 )] ¿°°
° ° ° E « 2 2 Q 2 » ° ° °
°¯ ¯ ¯ 2 «¬ d c »¼ ¿ ¿ °¿
wherein, l is the contact length of the lined pipe and the cone at The relevant values of the material parameters shown in
its maximum cone diameter. Table 1 and yield strength 213 MPa of the liner pipe 1Cr18Ni9Ti
are directly substituting into Eq. 16. It obtains an expression
1.6
Experimental data
1.4
Prediction without strain
1.2 hardening
Prediction with strain hardening
1.0
Prc(MPa)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
20 22 24 26 28 30
P(MPa)
Fig. 4. Comparison of experimental data with predictions
883
5. Conclusion [5] X. Yang, F. Sun, Z. Zhang, H. Shen, S. Guo, Optimization of
drawing parameters for copper tubes with hollow sinking based
In this article, it assumes plane strain conditions and on FEM simulation, The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals
elastic-perfectly plastic material model; the hydraulic bulge 18, 2245-2252 (2008).
forming process of bi-metallic composite pipe is studied, and [6] L. Xue, Y. He, R. Liu, C. Dai, J. Chen, FEA on empty-sunken
the relevant formulas are derived; comparing the predictions steel tube based on ANSYS/LSDYNA, Journal of Plasticity En-
with experimental results it was shown that the prediction was gineering 12 (5), 74-77 (2005).
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strain hardening of liner pipe into consideration. distributions in lined pipes: Axial stress and contact pressure
interaction, Marine Structures 26, 1-26 (2012).
[8] H. Krips, M. Podhorsky, Hyraolic Expansion a New Method for
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