Group Members

● AGANG-ANG, Gedric
● AGLUGUB, Maxine
● ALINDAHAO, Jane
● AMIGABLE, Kiara
● AÑONUEVO, Eugin
 Mendelian Laws of
Inheritance
ZOOLFUN N01 Group 1
Overview

● Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

○ “Father of Modern Genetics”
○ Established the foundations of
heredity through his experiments
○ Posthumously recognized

Picture from https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2000-mendel-s-principles-of-inheritance

Objectives
● To determine and explain the three Mendelian
laws of inheritance.
● To identify examples for each law.
History
Two theories of heredity were widely favored in the 1800s
to explain inheritance in living organisms:

Pangenesis Blending Inheritance

Picture from https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Pangenesis Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blending_inheritance

Mendel’s Experiments
● Conducted hybridization experiments using pea plants
(Pisum sativum)
○ Focused on 7 main traits and how they were being inherited
by offspring
○ Monohybrid Cross & Dihybrid Cross Experiments
■ Based on the number of traits
● Formed the basis of Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Definition of Terms
● Allele
○ Any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively
at a given site on a chromosome
○ Homozygous and heterozygous
● Dominant Trait
○ Alleles that determine the trait
● Recessive Trait
○ Alleles that are suppressed
Picture from https://quizzma.com/punnett-square-practice/.
Mendelian Law of Inheritance
● Punnett Square
○ Graph used in determining the potential genotype
combinations of an offspring
● Monohybrid Cross
○ Inheritance of trait controlled by one gene
● Dihybrid Cross
○ Inheritance of trait controlled by two genes
Definition of Terms

● Genotype
○ Genetic constitution of an individual
○ Influences the phenotype
○ Genotypic ratio
● Phenotype
○ Set of observable characteristics of an organism
○ Phenotypic ratio
Picture from https://byjus.com/biology/law-of-segregation-law-of-dominance/.
Picture from https://byjus.com/biology/mendel-laws-of-inheritance/.
Picture from http://sctritonscience.com/Wilson/biology_punnett_squares.htm
Law of The hybrid offsprings will only
exhibit the dominant trait in the

Dominance
phenotype.
Picture from https://byjus.com/biology/law-of-segregation-law-of-dominance/.
Law of Dominance Example

Picture from https://expii.com

Law of
During the formation of the
gamete, each gene separates
from each other so that each

Segregation
gamete only has one allele for
each gene.
Picture from https://byjus.com/biology/law-of-segregation-law-of-dominance/.
Law of Segregation Example

Picture from https://https://www.expii.com/t/law-of-segregation-definition-role-10972

Law of The inheritance of one pair of

Independent
gene is independent of
inheritance of another pair.

Assortment
Picture from https://byjus.com/biology/mendel-laws-of-inheritance/.
Law of Independent Assortment Example

Picture from https://byjus.com/biology/mendel-laws-of-inheritance/.

Application of Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
● Understand the mathematical patterns of inheritance.
● Concept of genetic disorders and some of its causes
(sex-linked, etc.)
● Analyze how genetics can determine certain traits.
● Emphasizes how dominant and recessive traits are
determined and passed on
Examples of Genetic Disorders
● Down Syndrome
○ 3 copies of chromosome 21 instead of only having 2.
● Klinefelter Syndrome
○ A male has an extra X chromosome making it XXY instead of
XY
● Edwards Syndrome
○ 3 copies of chromosome 18 instead of only having 2
Down Syndrome

- Almond shaped eyes that slant up

- Short neck
- Flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose
- Tiny white spots on the iris

Picture from
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome.html
Klinefelter Syndrome
-Smaller testes and penis

-Breast growth

-Reduced sperm production

-Weaker bones

Picture from https://patienttalk.org/tag/klinefelter-syndrome/

Edwards Syndrome
- May have heart defects
- Small, abnormally shaped head
- Small jaw and mouth
- Clenched fist with overlapping fingers
References:
BYJU’S. (2020). An Overview On Law Of Segregation And Law Of Dominance. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://byjus.com/biology/law-of-segregation-law-of-dominance/

BYJU’S. (2020). Mendel's Laws of Inheritance - Mendel's Laws and Experiments. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://byjus.com/biology/mendel-laws-of-inheritance/

Freeman, S. (n.d.). Law of Segregation - Definition & Role. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://www.expii.com/t/law-of-segregation-definition-role-10972

Liu, Y. (2013). Revisiting Darwin’s theory of heredity—Pangenesis. Hereditas (Beijing), 35(5), 680-684.
doi:10.3724/sp.j.1005.2013.00680

Slizewska, G. (n.d.). Law of Dominance - Definition & Role. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://www.expii.com/t/law-of-dominance-definition-role-10971

The law of independent assortment. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-classical-genetics/hs-introduction-to-heredity/a/t
he-law-of-independent-assortment
Thank you for
listening!