Report 10:

Global
Warming

Ballon ● Tatud ● Valderrama

What is global warming?
• term used to describe a gradual increase in the average
temperature of the Earth's surface, atmosphere, and its oceans
(Live Science, 2016; Bradford, 2014)
The Greenhouse Effect
Causes of
Global Warming
Natural Causes
Volcanic eruptions
Permafrost
Water vapor
Anthropogenic
causes
• Global warming is largely due to human actions
Burning of fossil fuels
Industrialization
Deforestation
Chemical fertilizers
ENVIRONMENT
• Greenhouse gases are trapping
more heat in the Earth's
atmosphere

• The 2001-2010 decade is the

warmest since 1880

• Increased by more than 1°F (0.7°C)

• Decrease in very
cold days and
nights

• Increase in
extremely hot days
and warm nights.
• Warmer temperatures can also lead to a chain
reaction of other changes around the world
• weather patterns
• snow and ice
• affects the oceans
• plants and animals
Effects on Weather
• Rising air and sea temperatures have
a number of effects on the water
cycle, and this increases the odds for
more extreme weather events.
Intense hurricanes and tropical storms.

• Warmer water in the oceans pumps more

energy into tropical storms and hurricanes,
making them stronger and potentially more
destructive.
Intense Rainstorms
High evaporation of water from land and sea
allows the atmosphere to hold more moisture—thus
setting the stage for more extreme precipitation.
• The atmosphere's water-holding capacity increases by
about 4 percent for every 1° Fahrenheit (0.6° Celsius)
rise in temperature.

• Storm passes through a warmer atmosphere holding

more water = Extreme precipitation
Winters are shorter, fewer cold records are set,
more precipitation is falling as rain and less as snow.
• Heighten the risk of flood, and
cause economic and social disruptions for
communities unprepared to cope.
•streams, rivers, and lakes to
overflow
•contaminates drinking water
•creates hazardous-material
spills
•promotes mold infestation
•unhealthy air.
Drought

• an extended period of dry weather

caused by a lack of rain or snow.
• three consecutive months of “way below
normal” rainfall or about 60 percent
reduction from average rainfall (PAGASA)
• In the Philippines, PAGASA said a total of 30 areas or 38
percent of the country is likely to experience drought by the
end of March.

Rizal, Palawan and Catanduanes in Luzon; Antique, Capiz,

Guimaras, Iloilo, Negros Oriental, Siquijor, Eastern Samar,
Northern Samar and Samar in the Visayas; and Zamboanga del
Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Bukidnon, Lanao
del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Compostela Valley, Davao del Sur,
Davao Oriental, South Cotabato, North Cotabato, Sarangani, Sultan
Kudarat, Basilan, Maguindanao, Lanao del Sur, Sulu and Tawi-tawi
in Mindanao.
• More moisture evaporates from land and
water and plants, leaving less water.

• jeopardize access to clean drinking water,

• fuel out-of-control wildfires
• dust storms,
• extreme heat events,
• flash flooding
• watering crops
• making electricity at hydroelectric dams
Effects on Glaciers
• Glaciers are large sheets of
snow and ice that are found
on land all year long.

• Global compilations indicate

that the wastage of mountain
glaciers during the last
century has raised sea level
by between 0.2 to 0.4
mm/yr, or roughly 20% of
the observed change .
Oceans will rise between 2.5 and 6.5 feet (0.8
and 2 meters) by 2100.
Effects on
Oceans
The world's oceans are becoming more acidic,
threatening sea life.
• The ocean has dissolved inorganic carbon in
three forms—bicarbonate, carbonate , carbon
dioxide, or CO2.

400 parts per million (ppm)

CO2 = pH decreased to about
30 % 8.1

increase in
280 parts per million (ppm)
acidity CO2 prior to
industrialization = pH of 8.2
…to LIVING ORGANISMS
Effects on
Plants
• Plants moving to cooler
locations.

• Growing seasons can become

permanently changed

• Plants ability to thrive and

reproduce become limited

• Insufficient water and nutrients

• Forest fires
Effect on
ANIMALS
Depends on healthy habitats. They need:

• The right temperatures

• Fresh water
• Food sources
• Places to raise their young
TEMPERATURE

• Removes hunting ground ex. Polar

Bears
• Cause population declines ex.
trout, salmon
• Massive coral bleaching which
sustain huge numbers of fish
WATER

• Larger floods increase erosion

levels, reducing water quality and
degrading aquatic habitat.
• Deprived of water sources.
• Severe droughts stress and can kill
plants that provide food and
shelter
FOOD

• Altered food availability for

migratory species
• Milder winters cause seasonal
food caches to spoil, so wildlife
species depending on food stores
are left without sustenance.
PLACES TO RAISE YOUNG

• Droughts eliminating essential

breeding habitat
• Rising sea level and changes in
salinity could decimate breeding
grounds ex. Mangrove forest
To people’s health
Temperature–Related Illnesses
-heat cramps, heat stroke, and even death
Air pollution
-causes asthma and other lung conditions
Infectious diseases
-spread through insects
• because we as humans caused global warming,
we can also do something about it.
 MITIGATION and ADAPTATION
• Reducing emissions of and • Adapting to the climate
stabilizing the levels of heat- change already in the
trapping greenhouse gases pipeline (“adaptation”).
in the
atmosphere (“mitigation”);
2015 Paris Climate Conference
• 2015 Paris Climate Conference:
• aim to achieve a legally binding and universal agreement on
climate with the aim of :
• keeping global warming below 2°C.
• cut carbon emissions.
• additional mitigation actions to move more rapidly to low-carbon
technologies (electricity generation) .
• the agreement binds all countries equally to these processes (but
not targets),
• though developed countries are expected to “continue taking the lead by
undertaking economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets.”
• R.A. 9729 (Climate Change Act of 2009)
• R.A. 8749 (Clean Air Act)
• R.A. 9003 (Solid Water Management Act)
• R.A. 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act)
Government’s Roles:
• the government has to help in improving our
knowledge.
• fostering growth helps coping with the consequences
of climate change and facilitates adaptation.
• set climate policy or prescribe particular responses or
solutions to climate change
• Adaptation – adapting to life in a changing climate –
involves adjusting to actual or expected future climate.
• reduce our vulnerability to the harmful effects of climate
change
• build flood defenses
• plan for heatwaves and higher temperatures
• install water-permeable pavements to better deal with floods and
stormwater
• improve water storage and use.
References
• Live Science. (2016). Global warming: news, facts, causes & effects. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/topics/global-
warming/

• Time for change. (n.d.). Definition for global warming - what is global warming? Retrieved from
http://timeforchange.org/definition-for-global-warming-what-is-global-warming

• Union of Concerned Scientists. (2011). Global warming causes. Retrieved from http://www.climatehotmap.org/about/global-
warming-causes.html
• The New Mexico Solar Energy Association. (1972). Global warming FAQ. Retrieved from
http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/Global_Warming/fossil_fuels_and_global_warming.htm

• Bradford, A. (2014, December 15). What is global warming? Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/37003-global-
warming.html
• Natural Resources Defense Council. (2016, March 11). Global warming 101. Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-
warming-101
http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/urgentissues/global-warming-climate-change/threats-impacts/stronger-storms.xml