Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 4l

Learning Competency: Classify rocks

into igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic (S11/12ES -Ia-9).
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will interrupt you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully appreciate the
objectives of this kit.

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

Lesso Earth Materials and Processes:

n 4 Minerals and Rocks
EXPECTATIONS
You will have to identify the three main types of rocks based on how they form and
environment formation.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
 compare and contrast the different types of rocks based on their physical
properties.
 classify sample rocks into igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
 describe briefly kinds of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
 explain completely the processes involved in a rock cycle

Let us start your journey in learning more about different types of rocks by answering the
Pretest. Cheer up and answer each item with confidence!

1
PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1) What is molten rock called?

A. Mineral C. Crystal
B. Magma D. Gem
2) What are the three main types of rocks?
A. Igneous, Sedimentary, and Foliated
B. Foliated, Non-Foliated, and Volcanic
C. Volcanic, Metamorphic, and Rocky
D. Metamorphic, Igneous, and Sedimentary
3) What type of rock is formed by heat and pressure?
A. Igneous C. Metamorphic
B. Volcanic D. Rocky
4) What type of rock is formed by volcanic activity?
A. Foliated C. Sedimentary
B. Non-Foliated D. Igneous
5) What type of rock is formed by weathering and erosion?
A. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic
B. Foliated D. Igneous

Great! You finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check your
work. Good work and keep it up!

PREVIEW:
Would you agree with me if I say rocks and everything about rocks are already part of your
lessons in elementary science classes? Do you think you will still encounter difficulty in
engaging with the discussions and activities in this module considering that you have
adequate knowledge and resources about rocks? There is nothing new in this module
except for much deeper approach in content since you are now in senior high school.
What is a rock, exactly? After some thoughts and study on this lesson, you will say that
rocks are more or less hard solids, of natural origin and made of minerals. But before
you proceed to the lessons and stimulating activities, let’s try an exciting exercise to
sharpen your spelling ability. If your answers are all correct you will earn points from
your teacher.
Spelling Challenge: Correct Me If I’m Wrong!
For each number below inspect if the letter inside each box gives a correct spelling or not.
If not, write the correctly spelled word in the space provided to get the exact idea.
1. It is a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks.
Y G O L O G E
_ _

2. Solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite

chemical composition usually found in rocks.
M I N I R A L S
_ _

3. The remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has
been excavated from the soil.
F O S S I L E
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Get Ready to Rock…Igneous! Metamorphic! Sedimentary!
Generally, rocks are identified by their distinctive set of minerals they contain, most of
these rocks are made of grains of one mineral type, or some have a mixture of different
minerals. Texture is another characteristic property used to identify rocks such as
description of their size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains.
In this module, activities and discussion will focus on how rocks are classified into three
major groups on the basis of how they form. Rock groupings or classification can be
studied in hand samples that can be moved from their original location, another way is
by using outcrop, exposed rock formations that are attached to the ground, at the
location where they are found.
What are the three major classifications of rocks? How do they form? What are their
general characteristics? These are frequent asked questions about rocks but can be
answered through investigations and observations of actual rock samples. The origin
of these rocks including the processes involved can be described and explained
through the so- called rock cycle.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from magma, a molten mixture of rock- forming
minerals and usually volatiles such as gases and steam. Since their
constituent minerals are crystallized from molten material, igneous rocks are formed
at high temperatures, and originate from processes deep within the Earth typically at
depths of about 50 to 200 km (30 to 120 miles)—in the mid- to lower- crust or in the
upper mantle. formed when magma cools and solidifies underground. Igneous rocks
are of two kinds: Extrusive and Intrusive
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the compaction and cementing together of sediments,
broken pieces of rock-like gravel, sand, silt, or clay. Those sediments can be formed
from weathering and erosion of preexisting rock. Sedimentary rocks also include
chemical precipitates, the solid materials left behind after a liquid evaporates. Clastic
sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale are
formed from mechanical weathering debris. Chemical sedimentary rocks, such as rock
salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some dolomites, and some limestones, form when dissolved
materials precipitate from solution.
Metamorphic rocks are those formed by changes in preexisting rocks under the influence
of high temperature, pressure, and chemically active solutions. The changes can be
chemical (compositional) and physical (textural) in character.
Metamorphic rocks are often formed by processes deep within the earth that produce new
minerals, textures, and crystal structures. The recrystallization that takes place does
so essentially in the solid state, rather than by complete re-melting, and can be aided
by ductile deformation and the presence of interstitial fluids such as water. There are
two main types of metamorphic rocks: those that are foliated because they have
formed in an environment with either directed pressure or shear stress, and those that
are not foliated because they have formed in an environment without directed pressure
or relatively near the surface with very little pressure.

Can you identify from the figure above which rock is igneous? metamorphic? or sedimentary?
ACTIVITIES:
Activity 1.1 Classifying Rocks
A. Objective: This activity promotes and builds students’ ability to classify rocks
using their own observational skills on some rock samples. Students will learn to
interpret features of rocks that are clues to their rock type and environment
formation.

B. Materials Needed:
 Hand Lenses
 Box of Rocks (24 compartments) may contain the following: Granite
Gabbro Rhyolite Basalt Pumice Scoria Obsidian Limestone (clastic)
Limestone (chemical) Conglomerate Sandstone Shale Slate Mica Schist
Gneiss Marble Quartzite
C. Procedure:
1. Provide each group with a box of rocks and hand-lenses.
2. Have each group make a list of ways that they could group the rocks.

3. Students may group the rocks according to their criteria. For example,
texture, size, shape or if you observe rocks with very fine crystals might be
in one group, those with bigger crystals might be in another group and so
on.
4. Students can make more groupings and re-arrange their groups if they
desire.
5. Have students record their groups and the criteria used to classify the rocks
into these groups.
D. Tabulated Results:
Rock Classification Observable
Rock Sample
(Sample Criteria) Characteristics
a. according to texture

b. according to size

c. according to shape

E. Guide Questions:
1. What criteria did you use to classify rock samples?

2. In each classification what are the observable characteristics

(commonalities or differences) among rock samples?

3. Based on the criteria used, what are some rock samples that fit each?
Activity 1.2 My Type of Rock
A. Objective: The students will share their rock
classifications while the teacher helps the class
construct a list of characteristics for the three main
types of rocks and the environment of formation for each
rock type
B. Materials Needed: Granite, Basalt, Sandstone, Shale,
Conglomerate, Limestone, slate, Schist, Gneiss,
Quartzite
C. Procedure:
1. Let the whole class discussion centered around student observations. Make a
whole-class list of different ways to group rocks.
2. Introduce the three rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Explain
how each rock type forms. Some students in the group may be able to provide
this information.
3. Have students find the following rocks from their box. Explain the rock type of
these rocks and have students suggest what characteristics of these rocks they
could use to group these rocks together.
a. Igneous –Granite, Basalt
b. Sedimentary - Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate, Limestone
c. Metamorphic – Slate, Schist, Gneiss, Quartzite
4. Use the comics story below to describe rock’s environment formation.

D. Tabulated Results:
How does Where can What are the Identify at least
What type of
this rock Yo u find this characteristics of this three examples of
rock is it? form? type of rock? type of rock? each type
a.
1. Igneous b.
c.
a.
2. Sedimentary b.
c.
a.
3. Metamorphic b.
c.
E. Guide Questions:
1. What are the three main types of rocks?
2. How does each rock form? _
3. What is the location of each type of rock?
 4. What are the characteristics of each type of rock? Give three (3) examples for each
type.
5. What are the kinds of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks? _
6. What is your favorite type of rock? Why? _

Activity 1.3 Rock with a Never- Ending Rock Cycle!

The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock
can change into sedimentary rock or into
metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into
metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic
rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.
Although we may not see the changes, the physical
and chemical properties of rocks are constantly
changing in a natural, never- ending cycle called the
rock cycle.

1. Using the rock cycle diagram above, trace how an igneous rock changes into another
form of rock. What are the processes involved? Explain each.
_

2. Why rock cycle is called a never-ending cycle?

REMEMBER
There are three basic types of rocks. Each type of rock forms under particular conditions.
As a result, each rock type provides a clue to the conditions present when that rock was
formed. Each rock type can be identified based on several observable characteristics.
O bservable
Rock Typ e Where Formed Example
Characteristics
1. Igneous
Extrusive Crystals are so small and These are molten magma Basalt – usually dark gray
can't be seen with the that erupted from to black, fine-grained
naked eyes but volcanoes. They cooled volcanic rock; sometimes
Sometimes there are very quickly, which is why has gas bubbles (vesicles)
larger, visible crystals in the crystals are usually
a very fine-grained very small.
matrix.

Intrusive I nterlocking Crystals
2. Sedimentary
Clastic Composed of smaller
rocks cemented together,
contains fossils and
usually has layers.
These rocks were once Granite – pinkish, whitish
liquid magma, but they igneous rock with
did not erupt from interlocking crystals of
volcanoes. Instead, they quartz and feldspar.
cooled slowly and the Sometimes includes mica.
crystals had time to grow
large.
These rocks formed when Conglomerate – composed
loose sediment such as of pieces pebble-size or
rocks and sand were larger
deposited by water, Sandstone - composed of
compacted, and cemented sand-size pieces
together. These rocks Shale - composed of pieces
form along beaches, by smaller than fine sand
rivers, or under the water
in lake or oceans.
 Chemical Usually with light Limestone – a whitish or
These rocks are also deposited
gray color grayish rock made of the
in water. However, they form as
sometimes with mineral calcite.
a chemical reaction in the water
crystals, sometimes
that leaves a chemical deposit,
with shells,
usually on an ocean bottom.
sometimes just
massive.
3. Metamorphic Usually has These rocks formed when Quartzite –
interlocking igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphosed sandstone
crystals and layers metamorphic rocks are heated Slate – metamorphosed
(called foliation) and/or squished, forming a new shale.
rock type. This usually happens Schist – metamorphosed
during mountain building sedimentary rocks that had
events (regional lots of clay.
metamorphism), but also Gneiss – metamorphosed
happens during igneous activity granite.
(contact metamorphism).

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Create a graphic organizer to demonstrate the interlocking relationship between the three
main types of rocks. Make sure to include the smaller groups of each type of rock and
write a brief description about it. You can use the sample diagram below as a guide.
You can be creative as you can in making your picture graphic organizer for the main
types of rocks.

METAMORPHIC
SEDIMENTARY
IGNEOUS

EXTRUSIVE REGIONAL METAMORPHISM

CLASTIC
INTRUSIVE CONTACT METAMORPHISM
CHEMICAL

POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The three groups of rocks namely igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic are classified by which of the following basis?
A. How they form C. Grain size
B. Color D. Chemical Composition
2. An igneous rock sample which is pinkish, whitish with interlocking
crystals of quartz and feldspar.
A. Basalt C. Obsidian
B. Granite D. Limestone
3. A sedimentary rock made up of smaller rocks cemented together, which
contains fossils and usually has layers.
A. Pyroclastic C. Clastic
B. Classic D. Metamorphic
4. It is a type of rock usually has interlocking crystals and layers called
foliation.
A. Metamorphic C. Igneous
B. Sedimentary D. Felsic
5. The following are sedimentary rocks except:
A. Conglomorate, Sandstone, Shale C. Sandstone, Limestone, Shale
B. Shale, Limestone, Granite D. Slate, Gneiss, Basalt
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: _ Grade & Section: __

Get Ready to Rock!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET No. 4

Directions: Write a reflective learning about what you have learned about
Rocks and Types of Rocks, by answering the questions inside the box. You
may express your answers in a more critical and creative presentation of
your great learning. Happy Working!

The lesson on Rocks and Types of Rocks, guides me to ponder on...

What learnings have I found from this lesson?
What examples can I explore and think more?

What learnings can What good

What is my
I share with my character have I
conclusion on the
family developed from
lesson?
and peers? this lesson?

REFERENCES
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sanjac-earthscience/chapter/types-of-rocks/
https://geology.com/rocks/ http://www.educ.msu.edu/michiganrocks/MI%20Rocks
%20website/3lesson.htm
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/geology/chapter/reading-the-rock-cycle/

Development Team of the Module Writers: Winnie P. Deinla, Master Teacher II

Editors: Rebecca M. Roxas-EPS
Reviewers: Arlen Gatpo-PSDS
Management Team:Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS
and Regional ADM Coordinator Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator