SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

ASSIGHNMENT
Topics name: Spacial fabric: properties and quality control

Course tittle:TTQC-2

Submitted to: Rajib shaha

sumitted by
Tasnim akter tamanna
Id:2018000400112
Batch:37th
Section:02
Special fabric: properties and quality control
Introduction
Special fabric are defined for those textile product whice are used for non clothing application. The
fashion aspects of textile are ignored here. The performance properties are the main consideration.

Special garments
In the modern world, to perform risky work, it is necessary to wear special garments. It is especially used
in risky environment. Because it is responsibility of the employers to protect their employees from any
harmful effect during working at any risky environment.

The garments are used for protection of human body or life during working at any risky environment is
called protective clothing or special garments. special garments is made by special fabric.

Some special garments:

1. Heat and flame resistance clothing.

2. Protective clothing for radiant heat.

3. Fire fighter clothing.

4. Armed force clothing.

5. Protective clothing for space shuttle.

6. Clothing for coal miners.

7. Chemical resistance clothing.

8. Racing clothing.

9. Driving clothing.

10. Swimming clothing.

11.wet suit

12.space suit

13. Parachute Fabric

Objects of special fabric

1.To protect the employees body and life from the risky environment.

2. To protect human body from harmful effect of heat, flame and radiation.
3. To perform risky work.

4. It ensures proper working condition in risky operation.

5. It resistant heat and flame.

The heat & flame resistance fabric

The people working in the steel mill, moulding factory, welding factory, glass item manufacturing factory
etc. have to face heat and flame everyday. If flame and heat resistant work wear is worn under such
risky condition gets some time to save him/her.If it is necessary to work at very high temperature for
longer period, then the clothing should be of higher thickness. Because higher the thickness of clothing,
lower compactness of the fabric, higher the heat resistant property of the cloth.

If it is necessary to work at a high temperature for short time then thicker fabric with more weight of
industrial gloves, which shows good thermal resistant at 270° c for short period of time.

Molten iron, aluminum and magnesium splinter if drops on cloth, the clothing should be able to protect
the human body from any damage. If the clothing made from very heavy and thick woolen fabric.

Protective clothing made of 540 gm/m2 thick woolen fabric can protect human body and if 350 ml
molten iron, steel brass or copper fall on clothing then fabric weight should be 270-350 gm/m2 woolen
fabric is sufficient. For this purpose, woolen fabric should be knitted structure as because knitted fabric
shows better performance than woven fabric.

As per protection, length of time the following four types of fabric are listed below as per merits.

● Zirpro wool

● 85/15 Zirpro wool/glass fiber

● Aramide fiber

● Fire resistance cotton (FR cotton).

Fig: flame resistance cloth

Fabric used in Heat and flame resistance clothing

Although no fabric is fireproof, certain textiles resist fire better than other fabrics. Fire-resistant fabric,
also known as flame-retardant fabric, is so designated based on the time it takes for the fabric to burn.
Wool is generally considered the most flame-resistant natural fiber, because it is difficult to ignite, and
flames are often extinguished in the fibers. Natural fibers, such as silk, cotton and wool, are more
susceptible to fire than manufactured fibers.

Acrylic, Polyester and Nylon

Synthetic acrylic, polyester and nylon fabrics can be hazardous when they burn, because the materials
can melt and cause burns on the skin when used as clothing fabrics. Despite this danger, these synthetic
fabrics are considered fire-resistant fabrics, because they resist ignition at much higher temperatures
than natural fibers. Synthetic materials can also be treated with fire-resistant chemicals to increase their
ability to withstand high temperatures.

KEVLAR AND NOMEX

Strong, heat-resistant aramid fibers are used in the brand-name fabrics Kevlar and Nomex. The fabrics
are well known for their uses in body armor and bulletproof vests worn by members of law
enforcement. Kevlar and similarly manufactured fabrics are inherently fire resistant, more than any
other type of fabric, and they are often used to make heat-resistant gloves for welders and glass blowers
and protective clothing for firefighters
fig; fire resistance cloth

SIMPLE GUIDANCE FOR CHOOSING FLAME

RETARDANT FABRICS:
Durability
Fabric- and garment durability can have very different meanings, but their ultimate focus
should be providing better protection to workers, take full advantage of the lifetime of a flame
resistant garment and lower the replacement costs.
There are a variety of features which can impact the durability of flame resistant fabrics and
garments. Some of these include:
•Fiber Blend:
What fibers make up the fabric and garment? Blends that incorporate more durable fibers such
as nylon and aramids give fabrics more resistance to abrasion, and higher tear strength,
providing better and long-lasting durability.
•Fabric Construction:
Every single detail of the fabric construction will affect the durability of the FR fabric and
garment. For example, a twill weave may be more durable as compared to a plain weave, the
number of threads may have higher tensile strength, but less number of threads may have
higher tear strength. The combination of weave, threads, yarn count and weight of fabric all
play a role in determining a fabric’s ultimate durability.
• FR performance:
The FR performance of apparel is one of the most important factors that should be looked into
while selecting from the available options. EN ISO certificates can be achieved after 5 wash
cycles but that should not be the limit..This is where Daletec takes pride in the way it applies FR
performance to its fabrics that are permanent and remains intact throughout the life time of
the garment, as long as prescribed washing instructions are followed.

Flammability test method:

Principle: A flammable fabric is one which propagates flame, i.e. it can continues to burn after
the igniting flame has been removed.
Apparatus: 1. Sample 2. Scissor 3. Stop watch 4. Burner 5. Flammability tester etc.

Fig. : Flammability tester.

Working procedure:
1. Sample is taken of (6″×2″)
2. Sample is dried for 30 min. at 105 degree.
3. Then Sample is cooled down& kept it for 15 min.
4. Sample is placed on the sample rack
5. Setting time 1 sec. on the automatic timing device & switched on the machine for burning.
6. Fabric flammability time is measured by stop watch.
7. According to the burning time we select the flam class by the following way: Flammability
classes:
1) class -1 (Normal flammability) Textile which have no unusual burning characteristics
2) class-2 (Intermediate flammability) Textile having flammability characteristics between
normal & “rapid and intense” burning.
3) class-3(rapid and intense burning) Textile considered dangerously flammable and unsuitable
for clothing due to rapid and intense burning.
Breathable fabric:
Breathable fabric is a fabric form which water molecules can not pass through but water molecules as
vapor form can pass through special property of this type of fabric are called breathable fabric.
The different types of breathable fabrics.
Breathable fabrics are mainly three types which are as follows:

1. Cotton ventile: It is the oldest types of breathable fabrics very compactly woven and finished. When
the fabric becomes wet the cotton fibers swells, as a results, fabric becomes more compact hence water
molecules con not pass through the clothing but water molecules in vapor form can easily pass through.

2. Cotton fabric with micro holes: It is special type of coated fabric. The coating contains very fine holes
through which water molecules can not pass through but water molecules as vapor form can easily pass
through Gortex is an example of this class of special fabric.

3. Hydrophilic film coated fabric: The fabric is coated with hydrophilic film. These films absorbs vapor
from one side and passes the absorbed vapor in other side of the fabric bt water molecules can not pass
through the film coating.

The polymer coating i.e polymer solution contains certain iso cyanate and special polymerization system
is used.

Properties required for breathable fabrics:

• Optimum heat and moisture regulation (thermo-regularity effect)

• Absorption of surplus heat

• Dimensionally stable even when comes in contact to water

• No/Minimum water absorption of the layer of clothing just positioned to the skin.

• Rapid drying to prevent catching cold.

• Good air and water vapor permeability.

• Rapid moisture absorption and conveyance capacity

• Soft feel, light weight and Durable

figure: Breathable fabric properties

A test method of breathablity of a fabric.

inverted Cup Method
A desiccant, Potassium Acetate, is put into a cup and sealed with a piece of ePTFE . The fabric to
be tested is then placed over the cup with the fabric side to the cup. The cup is then inverted
into a pan of water. Then after period of time the cup is weighed to see how much water has
been “pulled” into the cup through the fabric. The weight is then extrapolated to show the
number of grams per 24hours / per sq. meter of fabric that will pass through the fabric.

FIG: Inverted cup method

Application of Breathable fabric:

Parachute Fabric:
A parachute is a device, used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by
creating drag, or in case of ram-air parachutes, aerodynamic lift. Parachutes are usually made
out of light, strong cloth, originally silk, most commonly nylon.
Properties of Parachute Fabric:
In addition to the structural analysis of the cloth, the properties measured are weight, breaking
strength, tear resistance, elasticity, and air permeability.
1. Strength:
Cloth should possess a high resistance to the continuation of a tear already started, whereas
breaking strength always applies to the simultaneous breaking of system of yarns.
2. Tear Resistance:
It is the resistance principally of one yarn at a time to a rupture travelling crosswise from yarn
to yarn. In construction of a parachute the gores or panels are usually cut on the bias, so that
the warp and filling yarns make an angle with the seams running from the centre to the hem of
the parachute.
3. Permeability: Permeability is dependent upon the porosity of the fabric. The porosity is
largely determined by the tightness of the fabric weave. Therefore any fabric that has
reasonably tight weave is suitable for this perspective.

Raw Materials Used in Parachute Fabric:

Raw materials used in the manufacture of parachutes are Canvas, Silk, Dacron, Kevlar, and
Nylon. More specifically parachutes are made up of "Ripstop" nylon that is woven with a double
or extra-thick thread at regular intervals, creating a pattern of small squares. This structure
keeps small tears from spreading.

One parachute manufacturing plant lists its monthly materials use as exceeding 4,00,000 sq yd
(330000 m2) of fabric, 5,00,000 yd (455 km) of tape and webbing, 2.3 million yd (2000 km) of
cord, 3,000 lb (1400 kg) of thread.

The Manufacturing Process of Parachute Fabric:

• Step 1:
Ripstop nylon cloth is cut according to pattern pieces by a computer-guided mechanism or
manually by using a round-bladed electric knife.
• Step 2:
Four trapezoidal panels are sewn together to form a wedge-shaped "gore" about 13 ft (3.96 m)
long. A two-needle industrial sewing machine stitches two parallel rows.To provide sufficient
strength and enclose the raw fabric edges, a "French fell" seam is used.
• Step 3:
A number of gores (typically 24) are sewn together, side by side, to form a circular canopy. The
seams are sewn in the same manner as in Step 2.
• Step 4:
Every panel and every seam is carefully inspected on a inspection table . If any weaving defects,
sewn-in pleats, or an incorrect number of stitches per inch is found, the canopy is rejected.
Finishing:
• Step 5:
A tape the same width as the original seam is sewn on top of each radial seam using two more
rows of stitching. This tape strengthens the canopy.

• Step 6:
The top of each gore is a few inches (several centimeters) wide; after the gores are sewn
together, their tops form a small open circle (the vent) at the center of the canopy. To reinforce
the vent and to keep the cloth from fraying, the fabric is rolled around a piece of webbing and
sewn with a four-needle sewing machine, which stitches four parallel rows at once.
• Step 7:
The bottom of each gore is 2-3 ft (0.5-1 m) wide. Sewn together, these edges form the outer
edge (the skirt) of the canopy. This edge is finished in the same manner as the vent, as in Step
6.
• Step 8:
A short piece of reinforcing tape is sewn to the skirt at each radial tape. It is folded into a "V"
pointing outward from the canopy. A specialized automatic sewing machine, designed for this
specific operation, is used to sew precisely the same number of stitches in exactly the same
pattern every time.
• Step 9:
One end of a 20 ft (6 m) long suspension line is threaded through each V-shaped tab. using a
special zigzag pattern that is both strong and elastic; the suspension cord is sewn to the
canopy's hem tape and to the canopy seam for a length of 4-10 in (10-25 cm).

• Step 10:
After the 24 suspension lines are sewn to the canopy, 12 1 ft (30 cm) long apex lines are
similarly sewn to the central vent. One end of each line is stitched into a V-tab, and then the
line crosses the vent to the opposite seam where the other end is stitched into a V-tab.

Special fabric used in Medical Textile

Medical textile can be defined as fibre based products or structures used for first aid or the
clinical treatment of a wound or medical condition.
It is a highly specialized and bio compatible technical textile, used for medical and hygiene
application called ‘MEDTECH’.

Different Types of Medical Textile

It is a combination of textile technology and medical science. In the field of medical application,
technical textiles are not just used in contact with skin, but also fulfill important functions
within the body (intra-corporal applications like implants). Technical textiles offer medical and
hygiene industry with unparalleled protection, comfort and cost saving. It has become possible
only due to development of new yarns and manufacturing technologies of yarn and fabric.
fig:Different Types of Medical Textile

Constituent element of Medical Textile products:-

Properties of textile material for medical applications :
1. Biocompatible
2. Good resistance to alkalis, acids and micro-organisms
3. Good dimensional stability
4. Elasticity Free from contamination or impurities
5. Absorption / Repellency
6. Air permeability

Classification of Medical Textile :

1. Non-plantable medical textile: Use as wound dressing, plaster, bandage, gauge etc.
2. Implantable medical textile: Use as suture, artificial ligament, artificial joint etc.
3. Extracorporeal device: Use as artificial kidney, artificial liver, artificial lungs etc.
4. Health care and hygiene product: Use as bedding and pillow cover in hospital, surgical gown,
surgical musk, gloves etc.
 Product based Medical Textile

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Temperature-adaptable fabrics are primarily designed for insulation of a PPE wearer's body.
Blended fiber and treated cotton fibers with polyethylene glycol are commonly us,Making the
workplace safe includes providing instructions, procedures, training and supervision to
encourage people to work safely and responsibly. Even where engineering controls and safe
systems of work have been applied, some hazards might remain. These include injuries to: the
lungs, e.g. from breathing in contaminated air;; the skin, e.g. from contact with corrosive
materials; the body, e.g. from extremes of heat or cold. PPE is needed in these cases to reduce
the risk. ed for these fabrics.
figure: PPE
MEDICAL GOWNS
We have created medical PPE fabrics that are not only affordable but are biodegradable, flame
retardant, hydrophilic, anti-microbial/anti-bacterial, anti-static and available in custom colors.
Woven and knitted fabrics have restored, if not transformed, the medical establishment, and
CCW is here to make sure that your facility or practice keeps on benefiting from the continuous
developments.

1. 100% polyester knit fabrics treated with antimicrobial and durable water
repellent(DWR) in custom colors.
2. Polyester/Cotton blended woven fabrics that pass Level 1 Barrier Fabric Certification
(AATCC 42) Used for minimal risk environment.
3. Polyester/Cotton blended woven fabrics that pass Level 2 Barrier Fabric Certification
(AATCC 42 and AATCC 127) used for low-risk environment.

FABRIC MASKS
We are producing knitted and woven fabrics for face masks. We have the capability to make
cotton, polyester, and blends to meet your masks needs. A tightly knit or densely woven fabric
can be used to help make face masks when the non-woven fabrics are in short supply.
1. 100% cotton knit, treated with antimicrobial chemistry.
2. 100% polyester knit, treated with antimicrobial and durable water repellent (DWR).

CCW produces both knit and woven fabrics that have passed all moisture penetration
resistance standardized tests for Level 1 classification to be used for medical grade masks and
gowns.
Spacesuit fabric:
Fabric used in spacesuit
Numerous raw materials are used for constructing a spacesuit. Fabric materials include a
variety of different synthetic polymers. The innermost layer is made up of a Nylon tricot
material. Another layer is composed of spandex, an elastic wearable polymer. There is also a
layer of urethane-coated nylon, which is involved in pressurization. Dacron—a type of
polyester—is used for a pressure-restraining layer. Other synthetic fabrics used include
Neoprene that is a type of sponge rubber, aluminized Mylar, Gortex, Kevlar, and Nomex.

Quality Control of space suit fabric

The individual suppliers conduct quality control tests at each step of the production process.
This ensures that every part is made to exacting standards and will function in the extreme
environment of space. NASA also conducts extensive tests on the completely assembled suit.
They check for things such as air leakage, depressurization, or nonfunctional life support
systems. The quality control testing is crucial because a single malfunction could have dire
consequences for an astronaut.

water proof fabric

Waterproof fabrics and Water resistant fabrics are not your regular sewing fabrics. But for their
purpose, there is no substitute.
If you are in the mind for making cloth nappies and diaper wraps, raincoats, changing pads,
outdoor furniture covers, shower curtains, is there a choice but to look for material that would
not let water go through it. Other uses for these fabrics include making mattress/pillow
protectors, kites, cloth sanitary pads, outdoor bunting, lunch bags, snack pouches, tote bags,
tablecloths, picnic cloth, baby bibs, changing baby bags, windbreaker jackets, ponchos etc.

Properties of water proof fabric

Waterproof Fabric Characteristics Sliding: waterproof fabric and breathable polyester
waterproof fabric with Teflon coating has a lower coefficient of friction. The loaded sliding
friction is only in the values of 0.05-0.15. Heat resistance: waterproof fabric has excellent
resistance to heat and low temperature.

Care of waterproof / water resistant materials

Wash by hand if possible. These materials are best not dumped into the washing machine and
forgotten.
Do not dry clean or bleach or use any of the spot stain remedies you use on normal fabrics or
even harsh detergents. Read the care label on the fabric carefully. Some of these fabrics should
only be wiped clean with clean water.
Suitability Durability and breath ability are of primary concern when selecting your waterproof
fabric. So test the above-given fabrics for your project against these criteria.
More reading material on waterproofing and water repellent fabrics : Durable water repellent
finish.
Water Proof fabrics – Fabrics that do not allow water to penetrate them.
Water repellent fabrics – Fabrics with a special fabric finish on the surface or special tight
weave or one with special sprays applied that cause the water to roll off the surface. When the
finish is gone the water repellency is also gone.
Water resistant fabrics -Fabrics that do resist water to an extent but not that resistant as water
proof.

wet suit fabric

Wetsuits are made of closed-cell foam neoprene, a synthetic rubber that contains small bubbles
of nitrogen gas when made for use as wetsuit material (neoprene may also be manufactured
without foaming for many other applications where insulating qualities are not importantant.
A wetsuit is a garment worn to provide thermal protection while wet. It is usually made of foamed neoprene,
and is worn by surfers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists, and others engaged in water sports and other activities
in or on water, primarily providing thermal insulation, but also buoyancy and protection from abrasion,
ultraviolet exposure and stings from marine organisms. The insulation properties of neoprene foam depend
mainly on bubbles of gas enclosed within the material, which reduce its ability to conduct heat. The bubbles
also give the wetsuit a low density, providing buoyancy in water.

Uses of wet suit

Wetsuits are used for thermal insulation for activities where the user is likely to be immersed in water, or
frequently doused with heavy spray, often approaching from near-horizontal directions, where normal wet-
weather clothing is unlikely to keep the water out. Activities include underwater diving, sailing, sea rescue
operations, surfing, river rafting, whitewater kayaking and in some circumstances, endurance swimming.

•Scuba divers in steamer wetsuits, one wearing a hood

• One-piece suit worn by kitesurfer

•High visibility suit for sea rescue

•surfers in steamer wetsuits

Properties of wet suit:
The performance characteristics of eight top-selling wetsuits, from both high end and low end of the market,
were examined. These characteristics include thickness, elasticity, bursting strength, hydrophobicity, thermal
conductivity and seal strength. Tensile assessment revealed that neoprene foam was strong and its stretch
recovery was well beyond 1.6 times of the original length. Neoprene was found to be hydrophobic with very
low surface energy. High-end wetsuits with higher thickness showed slightly higher thermal resistance than
low-end wetsuits, indicating that both thickness and bulk density of neoprene influenced thermal properties.
High-end wetsuits with fluid seal were stronger than low-end wetsuits with stitched seal.

Raw Materials
The primary raw material used in the making of a wet suit is a type of sponge rubber known as neoprene. The
dry suit utilizes a rubberized fabric. Some metal is also used for zippers.
The Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process for both types the wet and dry scuba suits is similar. Both are constructed in
assembly-line fashion. Here, the process for the manufacture of the wet suit is outlined.

1. The neoprene arrives at the factory in liquid form. The manufacturer adds additives to the liquid and
it is mixed with an industrial-sized mixer.

2. Next, the liquid is baked in a large oven. The baked product measures about two feet tall and
resembles a huge loaf of rubber bread.

3. The baked rubber is allowed to cool.

4. The cooled rubber is run through a slicing machine, which cuts the large mass lengthwise. The slicing
mechanism is set to a specified thickness, typically 0.12,0.24, or 0.28 in (3, 6, or 7 mm). (Divers wear wet suits
of different thicknesses, depending on the type of water they are diving in.)

5. The sheets of rubber, each about the size of a sheet of plywood, are then placed on a conveyor belt
where they are lifted and sprayed with glue.

6. The sheets of rubber are laminated with a form of nylon that is squeezed onto the rubber. The
laminated nylon is then allowed to dry. Once dry, the nylon-bonded rubber becomes stretchy.

7. The rubber is then inspected and divided up by grade, or thickness.

The nylon-neoprene-nylon layered material is cut into pattern pieces and the wet suit is sewn.

8. The sorted rubber is loaded onto a palette and sent to the wet suit makers.

9. The wet suit maker stretches a stack of rubber about 10-15 sheets high and lays a pattern over the
top.

10. The pattern is traced with a white crayon.

11. A sawing machine cuts suit panels out of the stacks of rubber, following the crayoned-on pattern.
Dry suits are hand-cut.

12. The suit panels are sent to the decal department, where decals are adhered using a heat press.

13. Next, the panels are sent to the zipper department where zippers, pockets, kneepads, and flatwork
are sewn or pressed on.

14. The panels are then sent to the gluing department, where each panel is coated with neoprene
cement. The open sides of the front and back panels are glued together and arms and legs are attached to
the body of the suit.

15. The suits are sent to the final sewing area, where nylon thread is used to stitch the seams of the suit.

16. The suit is cleaned and inspected for quality and tags are adhered using stitching or a hot press
 .

Quality Control
Most quality control for diving suits is conducted along various stages of the manufacturing process and/or at
the end of the line. Finished suits may also be spot-tested for durability and water resiliency.

Geotextile fabric
Geotextile is permeable fabric which has the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, drain, or
protect. Ordinarily geotextile can be diversified into nonwoven and woven geotextile. The raw
material is mostly synthetic chemical fiber such as polyester (PET), polypropylene(PP),
polyethylene(PE) and so forth. The synthetic fiber composed into nonwoven needle punching
geotextile can be devided into short filament type and filament type. They can be chosen based
on detailed project design requirement.
A planar, permeable, polymeric (synthetic or natural) textile material, which may be nonwoven,
knitted or woven, used in contact with soil/rock and/or any other geotechnical material in civil
engineering applications.Geotextile is a part of technical textile which is used for special
purposes. Geotextiles form one of the two largest groups of Geo synthetics. The raw material of
geotextile comes from polyester, Polyamide, Polypropylene and Polyethylene. The application
of geotextile is civil engineering, coastal engineering and also hugly used in the area of
construction site. Generally, geotextiles are located in the tension area to make stronger the
soil.
Application
Geotextiles are mostly used for: Reinforcement of Unpaved Roadways, Paved Roadways,

Separation applications in Unpaved Roadways, Paved Roadways, Sediment Control etc, as part of geo-
composites.

Essential Properties of Geotextiles :

There are three main properties which are required and specified for a geotextile are its
mechanical responses, filtration ability and chemical resistance. These are the properties that
produce the required working effect. They are all developed from the combination of the
physical form of the polymer fibers, their textile construction and the polymer chemical
characteristics. For example, the mechanical response of a geotextile will depend upon the
orientation and regularity of the fibers as well as the type of polymer from which it is made.
Also, the chemical resistance of a geotextile will depend upon the size of the individual
component fibers in the fabric, as well as their chemical composition – fine fibers with a large
specific surface area are subject to more rapid chemical attack than coarse fibers of the same
polymer.

The basic functions of geotextiles

Geotextiles normally give the following functions:
. Separation
 .Filtration
. Reinforcement
. Drainage

.Waterproofing
. Cushion
It is noted that due to wide changes in their characteristics of the materials for geotextile together with
range of feasible fabric/grid structures, geosynthetics perform the above functions and provide
considerable advantages over the conventional methods and materials.

ARMED FABRIC
The general requirements of military textiles are damage resistance, comfort, sweat
management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms.
We will also discuss the protective role of military textiles, high-performance ballistic fibres,
textiles for chemical and biological protection, camouflage materials and military fabrics for
flame protection.

Properties of Armed Forces Textiles:

1.Light weight fire retardant fabric is necessary for the clothing of the Naval and Armed forces
personnel. Especially for the person engaged in engineering works and working in the heated
condition.
2.Moreover military clothing should be capable to protect them from cold and should have
buoyant properly.
3.Some clothing of such property is manufactured on commercial basis. Candadian forces are
using such type of clothing. These types of clothing are made of Nomex fiber.
4.Head hoods and hand gloves made of Kevlar fiber are used by the Newzeland naval forces.
Beside those clothing, different type of flame retardant clothing are manufactured and used by
the naval and armed forces.
5.NASA (National Aeronautic Space Authority) has prescribed clothing of special property to
protect the soldiers from the critical environment during warfare.
6.As such clothing, cotton fabric has been considered as the best because of comfortability,
electrical resistiivity and skin sensitivity. Chemically treated cotton fabrics are used for the
manufacture of such clothing. Two ply fabrics are used for the clothing. The chemically treated
cotton fabric plies are 244 grams per square yard mercerized knitted single jersey fabrics.
7.These fabrics are flame retardant finished with THPOH/NH3 and DAP/Urea in two steps. As a
result, these type clothing shows better flame retardancy and burning retardancy properly, this
is approved by NASA.
8.Blanket made for the soldiers is made of two ply fabric made from glass fibre and in between
two ply fabric.
9.Fibrous silica is used. Beside those, as heat resistant clothing needle felt nomexfibre, ceramic
and graphite fibre woven fabric. Silicon rubber coated fabrics also used on this.

Different Army uniform Fabrics

Several fabrics are used for the Army uniform, they are as listed below:
• Visa; Polyester fabric. It is generally used for ladies white (summer) jackets.
• Bradman 11: It is a mix of 45% merino wool/55% polyester. This fabric has lighter & finer
finish than the Poly/wool fabric.
• Poly/Wool; a mix of 45% wool/55% polyester for heavy wearing.
• 80/20; a mix of 80% wool/20% polyester for long wearing.
• Wool fabric: 100%wool, wool & cotton blended wool & polyester blended, wool &
cashmere blended. Wool & tencel & modal blended.
• Cotton fabric, Cotton/Polyester, Linen fabric for hot weathers
• Chemical fiber fabric: Polyester & viscose blended, polyester & madel.
• Lining: 100%polyester
• Recent research and technology has enabled development of fibers that automatically
remain waterproof. The particles absorb water and then use its electrical force to reject what it
absorbed.

Different types of Uniforms

QUALITY of military textile:

The requirement should be such that there should not be “thread breaks” up to 50,000
abrasion cycles when tested as per IS: 12673:1989.
Air permeability of the fabric shall be at least 5cc/sec/cm2 when tested according to IS
11056:1984.
Water vapor permeability (watermethod)Shall be 1400g/m2/day (Minimum) when tested
according to ASTME-96.
The use of either FR(fire resistent) fibers or FR coating should also be included in the present
specification to meet surface ignition test when tested as per ISO 15025 (no hole formation, no
melting and no dripping).
Therefore It is recommended that the WR(wrinkle recovery) rating (after 24 hours) of the
combat shall be minimum 4 when tested according to AATCC 128-2004.
Conclusion
From this assignment, we have gained about the knowledge of special fabric. Here we know
the special fabric which is really especially used in risky environment. In the modern world, to
perform risky work, it is necessary to wear special garments. Because it is responsibility of the
employers to protect their employees from any harmful effect during working at any risky
environment. we used pecial fabric for protect ourself. so these analysis is very assential for our
future textile job sector.

Referance:
1https://www.textileschool.com/textile/special-fabrics/
2. https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/an-overview-of-parachute-fabric-7170
3. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Spacesuit.html
4. https://sewguide.com/waterproof-water-resistant-fabric/
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotextile
6. https://fashion2apparel.blogspot.com/2018/03/test-heat-resistant-fabrics.html

7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetsuit

8. https://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2014/07/features-and-characteristics-of-armed.html