SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

ASSIGHNMENT
Topics name: friction spinning (dref) and airjet spinning
Course tittle:ymt-2
Submitted to: md. Atiqur rahman

sumitted by
Tasnim akter tamanna
Id:2018000400112
Batch:37th
Section:02
Date:19-05-2020
Introduction
Spinning is the process of taking textile fibers and filaments and making them into
yarn. For thousands of years, people spun natural fibers into yarn by hand. Today,
spinning involves many methods and different machines, depending on what kind
of yarn is being made.there are various types of yarn. For example ,the cotton
fiber are converted into carded yarn, combed yarn. For producing this three types
of cotton yarn,spinning methods also different. The mejor goals of spinning is to
produce the quality yarn from raw meterial, then remove the process faults
followed by differents ways.

Friction spinning
Friction (dref) spinning system is an open-end spinning system. Along with the
frictional forces in the spinning zone the yarn formation takes place. The dref
system is used to produce yarns with high delivery rate about 300mpm. It produce
a highly uniform yarn from diverse stock including short or difficult to handle at
high production rates and low labor and energy expenses.

Principal of friction spinning system :

1. Fibers are delivered onto the drum surface, which transports and stacks the
fibers to the fiber bundle rotating between two surfaces moving in opposite
directions.
2. The fibers wrap around the bundle surface.
3. Wrapped fiber bundle (yarn tail) is tugged by the yarn delivery roll.
4. Therefore twists by fiber arrangement are generated.
5. Due to separate yarn winding and method of twist insertion, it has capability
to go for high production rate.
Fig: schematic diagram of friction spinning
Types of dref friction spinning
1. Dref-1
2. Dref-2
3. Dref-3
4. Dref-5
5. Dref-2000
6. Dref-3000

Yarn formation in friction spinning system

The mechanism of yarn formation is quite complex. It consists of three distinct
operations.
Feeding of fibers
Fibers integration
Twist insertion.
Feeding of fibers
The individualized fibers are transported by air currents and deposited in the
spinning zone. There are two methods of fiber feed
1) direct feed
Fibers are fed directly onto the rotating fiber mass that outer part of the yarn tail
 Direct feed

Indirect feed

fibers are first accumulated on the in-going roll and then transferred to the yarn
tail.

Twist insertion in open end friction spinning

 The fibers in the yarn are integrated as stacked cone.
 The fibers in the surface of the yarn found more compact and good packing
density than the axial fibers in the yarn.
 The figure shown the arrangement of fibers in the dref-3 yarn as stacked
cone shape .

Stacked conical mass of fiber

Spinning tension for dref yarn
 friction spun yarns have less spinning tension during the yarn formation
 due to less tension during the spinning the core component can be placed
exactly at the centre of the yarn.

Advantages of friction spinning system

1. It can spin yarn at very high twist insertion rates (ie.3,00,000 twist/min).
2. The yarn tension is practically independent of speed and hence very high
production rates (up to 300 m/min) can be attainable.
3. Improved dirt particle retention and up to twice the filter service life.
4. Considerable reduced yarn production costs (up to 50%) due to lower yarn
mass requirement, lower preparation costs, lower spinning costs and lower
personnel expenses.

Limitations of friction spinning system :

1. Low yarn strength and extremely poor fiber orientation made the friction
spun yarns very weak.
2. The extent of disorientation and buckling of fibers are predominant with
longer and finer fibers.
3. Friction spun yarns have higher snarling tendency.
4. High air consumption leads to high power consumption.
5. The twist variation from surface to core is quite high; this is another reason
for the low yarn strength.
6. It is difficult to hold spinning conditions as constant.
7. The spinning system is limited by drafting and fiber transportation speeds.

Air jet spinning

What is air jet spinning?
Air jet spinning has offered yarn manufacturers the opportunity to produce
yarn at relatively high production rate. Unlike other spinning methods in
which productivity is limited by the amount of twist in the yarn, air jet yarns
can be produced at the same production rate regardless of yarn counts.
Murata vortex spinners are one such leading air jet spinning machines which
excel at producing finer yarns (ne 40/1-60/1), because of the improved
strength imparted to the smaller fibre bundle.

Basic principle of air-jet spinning

Sliver is fed into the machine and is further drawn out to the final
Count and twist is inserted by means of a rotating vortex of high pressured
Air. By the action of the vortex, the fiber ends eventually whirl around the
Spindle tip and are thus twisted around the twist less yarn core and
Transformed into a twisted yarn surface or cover fibers. This occurs at the
Spindle tip.
Once inside the spindle tip, the yarn formation process is finished,

And the yarn can be taken off and wound onto a package .
Process of air jet spinning
 Air-jet spinning is the latest in a string of technological developments intended
to increase production speed and flexibility. This technique is also known as
fasciated yarn spinning. Air-jet spinning system which consists of a 3-over-3
high-speed roller drafting unit, the basic jet design is also shown. This has a
 central cylindrical channel (the spinning channel) through which the fibre
ribbon from the drafting unit passes. Inclined to the channel axis but tangential
to its circumference are four nozzles through which compressed air is injected
into the channel, creating a vortex airflow.

Twist
 Each jet of compressed air entering and expanding into the channel has two
velocity components of airflow: v1, a circular motion of the air around the
channel circumference, and v2, the movement of the air to the channel outlet.
The suction at the jet inlet created by v2 gives automatic threading-up of the
spinning process. Provided the drafted ribbon is not tautly held between the
front drafting rollers and take-up rollers, the v1 component of flow rotates it,
inducing a false-twisting action via a rotating standing waveform (a spinning
balloon) while v2 assists movement of the twisted ribbon through the channel.

Flowchart of air jet spinning

 The nozzles of the first jet are set to give a counter-clockwise vortex producing
a z–s false-twist action; the second jet gives an s–z false-twist action. The
pressures applied to the jets are such that jet 2 has the higher twisting vortex.
Although the jets impart a false twist, while doing so they do not have a
positive hold on the ribbon being twisted. Because of this the stwist from jet 2
propagates along the twisted ribbon and nullifies the z-twist from jet 1, leaving
some s-twist to travel towards the nip line of the front roller.
 Air jet spinning

Specification of the mjs machine:

 spinning positions per machine .......up to 72 (single -sided machine)
 delivery speed ..........150 - 300 m/min
 raw material ............synthetic fibers and blends (combed cotton)
 count range .............7.5 - 30 tex; ne 20 - 80
 feedstock type ........drawframe sliver
 type of yarn ............bundled single yarns
 yarn characteristics .......reasonable strength, low hairiness, rough outer
surface
 field of use ........ladies‘ outerwear, shirting, material, sheets
 remarks ...........low production costs, low personnel demand, no rapidly
rotating parts, three drawframe passages necessary

Yarn characteristics of air-jet spin yarn

The yarn character is slightly different from that of ring spun yarn. It is somewhat:
 weaker,
 stiffer, and
 harder.
The hardness can be reduced by using finer fibers and by treatment of the finished
product with a softener (e.g. With a silicone).
Advantages of air-jet spinning
 Creates functional & fashionable yarn
 Integration of three processes; roving, spinning & winding by the mjs
 Integration of four processes; roving, spinning, winding & doubling by the mts
 User-friendly in operation management
 The spinning speed of 340m/min
 User-friendly in quality control
 Totally saves space, labor & energy

Advantages of air-jet yarns

 Less hairness & clear appearance
 High resistance to pilling & abrasion
 High moisture absorption
 Less shrinkage & high wash resistance
 Can be spun with various other materials such as cotton, synthetic fiber,
regenerated fiber and blended fiber.
Disadvantage
 higher resistance to bending;
 slightly lower covering power;
 wrapping fibers not uniformly distributed over the length; sometimes there
are slightly more on the surface, sometimes slightly fewer.
 a large number of wrapping turns impart more strength but at the same
time greater hardness. Synthetic fiber yarns and blends of synthetic fibers and
cotton with a proportion of synthetic fibers of at least 50% achieve strength levels
of about 80% or more relative to ring-spun yarn.

Compare between airjet and friction spinning yarn:

Air jet spinning yarn
Less hairyness and clear appearance
High resistance to pilling and
Abrassion
High yarn strength
Low tendancy to nepping and snarling
Higher resistance to bending ,low yarn
faults, higer regularity.
High wash resistance
It is more weaker, stiffer and harder
Friction spinning yarn
More hairyness than air jet
Low resistsnce to pilling abrasion
Low yarn strengh
High tendancy to nepping and snarling
Lower resistance to bending, high yarn
faults, lower regularity.
Low wash resitance
It is less weaker, not very stiffer and
harder

Conclusion:
From this assignment, we have gained about the knowledge of modern spinning
methods and mostly used ring spinning method. Here we know two basic
spinning method which is really increase our knowedge. Without spinning, yarn
can’t be produced and without yarn fabric also can’t be produced.so these
analysis is very assential for our future textile engineering student’.