Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)

IONIC EQUILIBRIUM-II
vk;fud lkE;-II

Note : Take water as solvent and temperature as 25ºC, if not specified.

Take log 2 = 0.3, log 3 = 0.48, log 5 = 0.7, log 7 = 0.845, if not specified.
fVIi.kh : foyk;d dks ty rFkk rkieku dks 25ºC ysa, ;fn fn;k x;k u gksA
log 2 = 0.3, log 3 = 0.48, log 5 = 0.7, log 7 = 0.845 ysa] ;fn fn;k x;k u gks A
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.
 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : Buffer Solutions : Definition and Identification
[k.M (A) : cQj foy;u % ifjHkk"kk rFkk fu/kkZj.k
Commit to memory :
Buffer Solutions : Solution containing weak acid and it's conjugate base, solution containing weak
base and it's conjugate acid, solution containing salt of weak acid and weak base.
Preparation :
(i) Solution of weak acid (or weak base) + Solution of it's conjugate base (or it's conjugate acid)
(ii) Solution of weak acid (or weak base) + Solution of strong base (or strong acid) (n 1 > n2)
(iii) Solution of salt of weak acid and strong base (or salt of weak base and strong acid) + Solution of
strong acid (or strong base) (n1 > n2)

;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %

cQj foy;u % foy;u ftlesa nqcZy vEy rFkk bldk la;qXeh {kkj] foy;u ftlesa nqcZy {kkj rFkk bldk la;qXeh vEy]
foy;u ftlesa nqcZy vEy rFkk nqcZy {kkj dk yo.k gksrk gS] cQj foy;u dgykrk gSA
fojpu :
(i) nqcZy vEy (;k nqcZy {kkj) dk foy;u + blds la;qXeh {kkj (;k blds la;qXeh vEy) dk foy;u
(ii) nqcZy vEy (;k nqcZy {kkj) dk foy;u + çcy {kkj (;k çcy vEy) dk foy;u (n1 > n2)
(iii) nqcZy vEy rFkk çcy {kkj ds yo.k ¼;k nqcZy {kkj rFkk çcy vEy ds yo.k½ dk foy;u + çcy vEy ¼;k çcy
{kkj½ dk foy;u (n1 > n2)
A-1. V1 mL of a CH3COONa solution (of molarity M1) and V2 mL of a HCl solution (of molarity M2) are
available. Can the two be mixed to obtain a buffer solution ? If yes, what should be the mathematical
condition relating M1, M2, V1 & V2 for this ?
V1 mL, CH3COONa foy;u (eksyjrk M1) rFkk V2 mL, HCl foy;u (eksyjrk M2) miyC/k gSA D;k cQj foy;u
çkIr djus ds fy, nksuksa dks fefJr dj ldrs gSa \ ;fn gk¡] rks blds fy, M1, M2, V1 rFkk V2 ls lEcfU/kr xf.krh;
ifjfLFkfr D;k gksuh pkfg, \
Ans. Yes gk¡, M1 V1 > M2 V2.

A-2. Select pair(s) of solutions from below which could be mixed to produce a buffer solution :
NH4OH solution (S1), (NH4)2 SO4 solution (S2), HCl solution (S3), KOH solution (S4).
fuEu esa ls ,sls foy;uksa ds ;qXe@;qXeksa dk p;u dhft, ftUgsa cQj foy;u mRiUu gksus ds fy, fefJr dj ldrs gaS%
NH4OH foy;u (S1), (NH4)2 SO4 foy;u (S2), HCl foy;u (S3), KOH foy;u (S4).
Ans. S1 & rFkk S2 ; S1 & rFkk S3 ; S2 & rFkk S4.

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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
Section (B) : pH Calculation : Buffer solutions generated from Monobasic acid /
Monoacidic base
[k.M (B) : pH x.kuk % ,dy{kkjh; vEy @ ,dyvEyh; {kkj ls çkIr cQj foy;u

Commit to memory :
pH Calculation : Buffer solutions generated from Monobasic acid / Monoacidic base :
(i) pH of a buffer solution consisting of a weak acid (HA ; C 1 concentration) and its salt with a strong
[Anion of Salt]
base (NaA ; C2 concentration of anion) : pH = pKa + log
[Acid]
(ii) pH of a buffer solution consisting of a weak base (B ; C1 concentration) and its salt with a strong acid
[Cation of Salt]
(BH+Cl– ; C2 concentration of cation) : pOH = pKb + log
[Base]

;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %

pH x.kuk : ,dy {kkjh; vEy@,dy vEyh; {kkj ls mRiUu cQj foy;u %
(i) ,d nqcZy vEy (HA ; C1 lkUnzrk) rFkk çcy {kkj (NaA ; C2 _.kk;u dh lkUnzrk) ;qDr blds yo.k okys cQj
[yo.k dk _.kk;u ]
foy;u dh pH : pH = pKa + log
[vEy]
(ii) ,d nqcZy {kkj (B ; C1 lkUnzrk) rFkk çcy vEy (BH+Cl– ; C2 /kuk;u dh lkUnzrk) ;qDr blds yo.k okys cQj
[ yo.k dk /kuk;u ]
foy;u dh pH : pOH = pKb + log
[{kkj ]
B-1. Calculate pH of following solutions :
(a) (4 g CH3COOH + 4.1 g CH3COONa) in 100 mL aqueous solution ; Ka for CH3COOH = 1.8 × 10–5
(b) 5 mL of 0.1 M BOH + 25 mL of 0.1 M BCl ; Kb for BOH = 1.8 × 10–5
fuEu foy;uksa ds pH dh x.kuk dhft, %
(a) 100 mL tyh; foy;u esa (4 g CH3COOH + 4.1 g CH3COONa); CH3COOH ds fy, Ka = 1.8 × 10–5
(b) 0.1 M BOH dk 5 mL + 0.1 M BCl dk 25 mL ; BOH ds fy, Kb = 1.8 × 10–5
Ans. (a) 4.62 (b) 8.56
[CH3COO ]
Sol. (a) pH = – logKa + log
[CH3COOH]
4.1  60 3
 pH = – log 1.8 × 10–5 + log = 4.74 + log = 4.62
82  4 4
[B  ]
(b) pOH = – logKb + log
[BOH]
2.5
 pOH = – log 1.8 × 10–5 + log = 4.74 + log 5 = 5.44
0.5
 pH = 14 – pOH = 8.56
[CH3COO ]
Sol. (a) ge j[krs gS pH = – logKa + log
[CH3COOH]
4.1  60 3
 pH = – log 1.8 × 10–5 + log = 4.74 + log = 4.62
82  4 4
[B  ]
(b) pOH = – logKb + log
[BOH]
2.5
  pOH = – log 1.8 × 10–5 + log = 4.74 + log 5 = 5.44
0.5
 pH = 14 – pOH = 8.56

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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
B-2. 50 mL of 0.2 M solution of an acid HA (Ka = 105) & 50 mL of a NaA solution are given. What should be
the concentration of NaA solution to make a buffer solution with pH = 4 upon mixing the two ?
HA vEy (Ka = 105) ds 0.2 M foy;u ds 50 mL rFkk NaA foy;u ds 50 mL fn;s x;s gSaA bUgsa fefJr dj pH =
4 dk ,d cQj foy;u cukus ds fy, NaA foy;u dh lkUnzrk D;k gksuh pkfg, ?
Ans. 0.02 M
 50  C  50  C
Sol. pH = pKa+ log    4 = 5 + log
 50  0.2  50  0.2
C C
 log = –1  = 0.1  C = 0.02 M
0.2 0.2
B-3. Calculate the pH of 0.5 L of a 0.2 M NH4CI – 0.2 M NH3 buffer before and after addition of (a) 0.05 mole
of NaOH and (b) 0.05 mole of HCl. Assume that the volume remains constant. [Given : pK b of NH3 =
4.74]
0.2 M NH4CI – 0.2 M NH3 ds 0.5 L cQj foy;u esa (a) 0.05 eksy NaOH rFkk (b) 0.05 eksy HCl feykus ds iwoZ
rFkk i'pkr~ pH dh x.kuk dhft;sA ekusa fd vk;ru fu;r jgrk gSA [ fn;k gS : NH3 dk pKb = 4.74]
Ans. pH = 9.26 ; (a) pH = 9.74 ; (b) 8.78
0.1
Sol. pOH = 4.74 + log = 4.74
0.1
 pH = 9.26
(a) NH4+ + OH–   NH3 + H2O
t=0 0.1mole 0.05 mole 0.1 mole
0.05 mole – 0.15 mole
0.05
pOH = 4.74 + log = 4.26
0.15
 pH = 9.74
(b) NH3 + H+   NH4+
t=0 0.1 mole 0.05 mole 0.1 mole
0.05 mole – 0.15 mole
0.15
pOH = 4.74 + log = 5.22
0.05
 pH = 8.78
0.1
gy % pOH = 4.74 + log = 4.74
0.1
 pH = 9.26
(a) NH4+ + OH–   NH3 + H2O
t=0 0.1 eksy 0.05 eksy 0.1 eksy
0.05 eksy – 0.15 eksy
0.05
pOH = 4.74 + log = 4.26
0.15
 pH = 9.74
(b) NH3 + H+   NH4+
t=0 0.1 eksy 0.05 eksy 0.1 eksy
0.05 eksy – 0.15 eksy
0.15
pOH = 4.74 + log = 5.22
0.05
 pH = 8.78

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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : Buffer Solutions : Definition and Identification
[k.M (A) : cQj foy;u % ifjHkk"kk rFkk fu/kkZj.k
Commit to memory :
Buffer Solutions : Solution containing weak acid and it's conjugate base, solution containing weak
base and it's conjugate acid, solution containing salt of weak acid and weak base.
Preparation :
(i) Solution of weak acid (or weak base) + Solution of it's conjugate base (or it's conjugate acid)
(ii) Solution of weak acid (or weak base) + Solution of strong base (or strong acid) (n 1 > n2)
(iii) Solution of salt of weak acid and strong base (or salt of weak base and strong acid) + Solution of
strong acid (or strong base) (n1 > n2)

;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %

cQj foy;u % foy;u ftlesa nqcZy vEy rFkk bldk la;qXeh {kkj] foy;u ftlesa nqcZy {kkj rFkk bldk la;qXeh vEy]
foy;u ftlesa nqcZy vEy rFkk nqcZy {kkj dk yo.k gksrk gS] cQj foy;u dgykrk gSA
fojpu :
(i) nqcZy vEy (;k nqcZy {kkj) dk foy;u + blds la;qXeh {kkj (;k blds la;qXeh vEy) dk foy;u
(ii) nqcZy vEy (;k nqcZy {kkj) dk foy;u + çcy {kkj (;k çcy vEy) dk foy;u (n1 > n2)
(iii) nqcZy vEy rFkk çcy {kkj ds yo.k ¼;k nqcZy {kkj rFkk çcy vEy ds yo.k½ dk foy;u + çcy vEy ¼;k çcy
{kkj½ dk foy;u (n1 > n2)
A-1. A solution is 0.1 M in CH3COOH and 0.1 M in CH3COONa. Which of the following will change its pH
significantly?
(A) Addition of small amount of water (B) Addition of small amount of HCl
(C) Addition of small amount of NaOH (D*) None will change the pH significantly.
0.1 M CH3COOH ,oa 0.1 M CH3COONa dk ,d foy;u gSA fuEu esa ls dkSu] bl foy;u dk pH lkFkZd :i ls
cnysxk\
(A) ty dh vYi ek=kk dks feykus ij (B) HCl dh vYi ek=kk dks feykus ij
(C) NaOH dh vYi ek=kk dks feykus ij (D*) buesa ls dksbZ Hkh pH dks lkFkZd :i ls ugha cnysxkA
Sol. Factual (rF;kRed)
A-2. Which of the following may be added to one litre of water to act a buffer ?
(A) One mole of CH3COOH and one mole of HCI(B) One mole of NH4OH and one mole of NaOH
(C) One mole of NH4CI and one mole of HCI (D*) One mole of CH3COOH and 0.5 mole of NaOH
,d cQj dh rjg dk;Z djus ds fy, ,d yhVj ty esa fuEu esa ls fdldks feyk;k tk ldrk gS \
(A) CH3COOH dk 1 eksy rFkk HCl dk 1 eksy (B) NH4OH dk 1 eksy rFkk NaOH dk 1 eksy
(C) NH4CI dk 1 eksy rFkk HCl dk 1 eksy (D*) CH3COOH dk 1 eksy rFkk NaOH dk 0.5 eksy
Sol. HC2H3O2 + NaOH  C2H3O2Na + H2O
ni 1 0.5 0 0
nf 0.5 0 0.5 0.5
This solution contains weak acid & its salt with strong base.
and thus acts as buffer.
gy- HC2H3O2 + NaOH  C2H3O2Na + H2O
1 0.5 0 0
0.5 0 0.5 0.5
;g foy;u] nqcZy vEy o izcy {kkj ds lkFk bldk yo.k j[krk gS] vr% cQj dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA
A-3. In which of the following respective volume ratios should 0.1 M NH4OH solution & 0.1 M HCl solution be
mixed, so that the resulting solution behaves like a buffer solution ?
(A) 1 : 1 (B*) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 2
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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
(D) No such volume ratio is possible
fuEu esa ls dkSuls laxr vk;ru vuqikrksa esa 0.1 M NH4OH foy;u rFkk 0.1 M HCl foy;u dks feyk;k tkuk
pkfg,] ftlls ifj.kkeh foy;u cQj foy;u ds leku O;ogkj djs gS \
(A) 1 : 1 (B*) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 2
(D) bl çdkj dk vk;ru vuqikr lEHko ugha
Sol. Weak base should be in excess. nqcZy {kkj vkf/kD; esa gksuk pkfg,A
Section (B) : pH Calculation : Buffer solutions generated from Monobasic acid /
Monoacidic base
[k.M (B) : pH x.kuk % ,dy{kkjh; vEy @ ,dyvEyh; {kkj ls çkIr cQj foy;u
Commit to memory :
pH Calculation : Buffer solutions generated from Monobasic acid / Monoacidic base :
(i) pH of a buffer solution consisting of a weak acid (HA ; C 1 concentration) and its salt with a strong
[Anion of Salt]
base (NaA ; C2 concentration of anion) : pH = pKa + log
[Acid]
(ii) pH of a buffer solution consisting of a weak base (B ; C1 concentration) and its salt with a strong acid
[Cation of Salt]
(BH+Cl– ; C2 concentration of cation) : pOH = pKb + log
[Base]

;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %

pH x.kuk : ,dy {kkjh; vEy@,dy vEyh; {kkj ls mRiUu cQj foy;u %
(i) ,d nqcZy vEy (HA ; C1 lkUnzrk) rFkk çcy {kkj (NaA ; C2 _.kk;u dh lkUnzrk) ;qDr blds yo.k okys cQj
[yo.k dk _.kk;u ]
foy;u dh pH : pH = pKa + log
[vEy]
(ii) ,d nqcZy {kkj (B ; C1 lkUnzrk) rFkk çcy vEy (BH+Cl– ; C2 /kuk;u dh lkUnzrk) ;qDr blds yo.k okys cQj
[ yo.k dk /kuk;u ]
foy;u dh pH : pOH = pKb + log
[{kkj ]

B-1. Fear or excitement generally cause one to breathe rapidly and it results in the decrease of
concentration of CO2 in blood. In what way, it will change pH of blood ?
(A) pH will significantly increase (B) pH will significantly decrease
(C*) No significant change in pH (D) pH will be 7
Mj ;k mÙkstuk esa lkekU;r% lk¡ls rsth ls pyus yxrh gS rFkk bl dkj.k ls jDr esa CO2 dh lkUnzrk ?kVrh gSA jDr
ds pH esa ifjorZu fdl çdkj ls gksrk gS \
(A) pH lkFkZd :i ls c<s+xhA (B) pH lkFkZd :i ls ?kVsxhA
(C*) pH esa dksbZ lkFkZd ifjorZu ugha gksxkA (D) pH 7 gks tk;sxhA
Sol. CO2 (aq) + H2O (aq) HCO3– (aq) + H+ (aq).
B-2. pH of a mixture containing 0.1 M X– and 0.2 M HX is : [pKb (X–) = 4]
0.1 M X– rFkk 0.2 M HX ;qDr ,d feJ.k dk pH gS % [pKb (X–) = 4]
(A) 4 + log 2 (B) 4 – log 2 (C) 10 + log 2 (D*) 10 – log 2
[Salt] 0.2
Sol. pOH = pKb + log = 4 + log  pOH = 4 + log 2 and pH = 10 – log 2
[Base] 0.1
[ yo.k ] 0.2
gy- pOH = pKb + log = 4 + log  pOH = 4 + log 2 rFkk pH = 10 – log 2
[ {kkj ] 0.1
B-3. Ka for HCN is 5 × 10–10. For maintaining a constant pH of 9, the volume of 5 M KCN solution required to
be added to 10 mL of 2 M HCN solution is :
HCN ds fy, Ka = 5 × 10–10 gSA pH = 9 dks fu;r j[kus ds fy,] 2 M HCN ds 10 mL foy;u esa 5 M KCN
foy;u dk feyk;k tkus okyk vko';d vk;ru gS :
(A) 4 mL (B) 8 mL (C*) 2 mL (D) 10 mL
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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
Sol. Ka = 5 × 10–10 pKa = 10 log 5 = 9.3
 CN 
pH = pKb + log  
HCN
 5  Vml  V 
9 = 9.3 + log    – 0.3 = log  ml 
 10  2   4 
 4  4
0.3 = log      =2  Vml = 2 ml
 Vml  Vml

B-4. A buffer solution made up of BOH and BCl of total molarity 0.29 M has pH = 9.6 and K b = 1.8 × 10–5.
Concentration of salt and base respectively is :
(A*) 0.09 M and 0.2 M (B) 0.2 M and 0.09 M (C) 0.1 M and 0.19 M (D) 0.19 M and 0.1 M
BOH rFkk BCl ls cus ,d cQj foy;u esa ?kVdkas dh dqy eksyjrk 0.29 M gS rFkk pH = 9.6 rFkk Kb = 1.8 × 10–5
gSA yo.k rFkk {kkj dh lkUnzrk,¡ Øe'k% gSa %
(A*) 0.09 M rFkk 0.2 M (B) 0.2 M rFkk 0.09 M (C) 0.1 M rFkk 0.19 M (D) 0.19 M rFkk 0.1 M
[Salt]
Sol. pOH = – log Kb + log
[Base]
Let a mol litre–1 be concentration of salt, then concentration of base = (0.29 – a) mol/L
a
4.4 = – log 1.8 × 10–5 + log .
(0.29 – a)
 a = 0.09.
[Salt] = 0.09 M
& [Base] = 0.29 – 0.09 = 0.20 M.
[ yo.k ]
gy- pOH = – log Ka + log
[ {kkj ]
ekuk a eksy yhVj yo.k dh lkUnzrk gSa rks {kkj dh lkUnzrk = (0.29 – a) eksy@yhVjA
–1

a
4.4 = – log 1.8 × 10–5 + log .
(0.29 – a)
 a = 0.09.
[yo.k] = 0.09 M
[{kkj] = 0.29 – 0.09 = 0.20 M.

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN)
1. At the equivalence point of titration of (equivalence point = the point at which reaction is just complete) :
(A) a strong acid with a strong base (p) pH < 7
(B) a weak acid with a strong base (q) pH > 7
(C) a weak base with a strong acid (r) pH = 7
(D) a weak acid with a weak base (s) pH may be less than or greater than 7
fuEu ds vuqekiu ds rqY;kadh fcUnq ij (rqY;kadh fcUnq = fcUnq ftl ij vfHkfØ;k iw.kZ gksrh gSA) :
(A) izcy {kkj ds lkFk izcy vEy (p) pH < 7
(B) izcy {kkj ds lkFk nqcZy vEy (q) pH > 7
(C) izcy vEy ds lkFk nqcZy vEy (r) pH = 7
(D) nqcZy {kkj ds lkFk nqcZy vEy (s) pH 7 ls de ;k 7 ls vf/kd gks ldrh gSA
Ans. (A)  r; (B)  q; (C)  p; (D)  s

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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

1. To prepare a buffer of pH 8.26 amount of (NH4)2 SO4 to be added to 500 mL of 0.01 M NH4OH solution
is :
[pKa (NH4+) = 9.26]
pH 8.26 dk cQj cukus ds fy, 0.01 M NH4OH ds 500 mL ds lkFk (NH4)2 SO4 dh feyk;h xbZ ek=kk gS %
[pKa (NH4+) = 9.26]
(A) 0.05 mole ¼eksy½ (B*) 0.025 mole ¼eksy½
(C) 0.10 mole ¼eksy½ (D) 0.005 mole ¼eksy½
Sol. For the buffer solution of NH3 & NH4+

[NH3 ] (500  0.01)

pH = pKa + log 
  8.26 = 9.26 + log 

[NH4 ] m. moles of NH4
  m. moles of NH4+ = 50   moles of (NH4)2 SO4 required = 0.025.
gy. NH3 o NH4+ ds cQj foy;u ds fy,
[NH3 ] (500  0.01)
pH = pKa + log 
  8.26 = 9.26 + log 

[NH4 ] NH4 ds feyheksy
  NH4+ ds feyh eksy = 50   (NH4)2 SO4 ds vko';d eksy = 0.025.
2. A weak acid (HA) after treatment with 12 mL of 0.1 M strong base (BOH) solution has a pH of 5. At the
end point, the volume of same base solution required is 27 mL. Ka of acid is :
0.1 M izcy {kkj (BOH) foy;u ds 12 mL ds lkFk ,d nqcZy vEy (HA) dks mipkfjr djus ij pH 5 gks tkrk gSA
vfUre fcUnq ij] leku {kkj foy;u dk 27 mL vk;ru vko';d gSA vEy dk Ka gS %
(A) 1.8 × 10–5 (B*) 8 × 10–6 (C) 1.8 × 10–6 (D) 8 × 10–5
Sol. m. moles of HA taken (HA ds fy, x;s feyh eksy) = 27 × 0.1 = 2.7
HA + OH–  A– + H2O
t=0 2.7 1.2
teq 1.5 – 1.2

[A ]  1.2  4
pH = pKa + log  5 = pKa + log   = pKa + log 5
[HA ]  1.5 
 pKa = 5.1   Ka = 8 × 10–6.

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
1. How many of the following statement(s) is/are correct for making a buffer solution ?
(i) It can be formed by mixing equal concentrations of HCl and CH3COONa
(ii) It can be formed by mixing equal concentrations of HNO 3 and NH3
(iii) It can be formed by mixing equal concentrations of HCOOH and Aniline.
(iv) It can be formed by mixing equal volumes of NH4OH and HClO4.
(v) It can be formed by mixing equal volumes of HCN and KOH.
(vi) There is no change in the pH of a buffer solution on adding small amount of a strong acid/base.
(vii) The concentrations of acid and base being mixed must be different to form a buffer.
(viii) The volumes of acid and base being mixed must be different to form a buffer.
(ix) The concentrations and volumes of acid and base being mixed must be different to form a
buffer.

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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
fuEu esa ls fdrus dFku cQj foy;u cukus ds fy, lgh gSa \
(i) ;g HCl rFkk CH3COONa dh leku lkUnzrkvksa dks fefJr djus ls cu ldrk gSA
(ii) ;g HNO3 rFkk NH3 dh leku lkUnzrkvksa dks fefJr djus ls cu ldrk gSA
(iii) ;g HCOOH rFkk ,uhyhu dh leku lkUnzrkvksa dks fefJr djus ls cu ldrk gSA
(iv) ;g NH4OH rFkk HClO4 dh leku lkUnzrkvksa dks fefJr djus ls cu ldrk gSA
(v) ;g HCN rFkk KOH dh leku lkUnzrkvksa dks fefJr djus ls cu ldrk gSA
(vi) ;gk¡ çcy vEy@{kkj dh de ek=kk dks feykus ij cQj foy;u ds pH esa ifjorZu ugha gksrk gSA
(vii) fefJr gksus okys vEy rFkk {kkj dh lkUnzrk,sa cQj cukus ds fy, fHkUu gksuh pkfg,A
(viii) fefJr gksus okys vEy rFkk {kkj ds vk;ru cQj cukus ds fy, fHkUu gksus pkfg,A
(ix) fefJr gksus okys vEy rFkk {kkj dh lkUnzrk,sa rFkk vk;ru cQj cukus ds fy, fHkUu gksus pkfg,A
Ans. 5 [(i) to ls (v)]
Sol. (i) to ls (v) are correct lgh gSA

2. 1 M benzoic acid (pKa = 4.2) and 1M C6H5 COONa solutions are given separately. What is the volume
of benzoic acid required to prepare a 93 mL buffer solution of pH = 4.5 ?
1 M castksbd vEy (pKa = 4.2) rFkk 1M C6H5 COONa ds i`Fkd foy;u fn;s gSaA pH 4.5 dk 93 mL cQj foy;u
cukus ds fy, csUtkWbd vEy foy;u dk fdruk vk;ru vko';d gS \
Ans. 31
[C6H5COO ] V  V2
Sol. pH = pKa + log 
4.5 = 4.2 + log  2   =2
[C6H5COOH]  V1  V1
 volume of C6H5COONa required = V2 = 62 mL
volume of C6H5COOH required = V1 = 31 mL.
[C H COO ] V  V2
gy. pH = pKa + log 6 5  4.5 = 4.2 + log  2   =2
[C6H5COOH]  V1  V1
 C6H5COONa dk vko';d vk;ru = V2 = 62 mL
C6H5COOH dk vko';d vk;ru = V1 = 31 mL.

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. A buffer solution can be prepared from a mixture of : [JEE-1999, 3/80]
(A*) Sodium acetate and acetic acid in water (B*) Sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid in water
(C*) Ammonia and ammonium chloride in water (D) Ammonia and sodium hydroxide in water
fuEu ds feJ.k ls ,d cQj foy;u cuk;k tk ldrk gS % [JEE-1999, 3/80]
(A*) ty esa lksfM;e ,lhVsV rFkk ,flfVd vEy (B*) ty esa lksfM;e ,lhVsV rFkk gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy
(C*) ty esa veksfu;k rFkk veksfu;e DyksjkbM (D) ty esa veksfu;k rFkk lksfM;e gkbMªkWDlkbM
Sol. Sodium acetate and acetic acid solution and ammonia and ammonium chloride solution are the
examples of acidic buffer.
gy. vEyh; cQj ds mnkgj.k lksfM;e ,lhVsV o ,flfVd vEy foy;u rFkk veksfu;k o veksfu;e DyksjkbM foy;u gSA

JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
JEE(MAIN) OFFLINE PROBLEMS

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ADVIEQ(M) - 8
 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
1. The pKa of a weak acid (HA) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffered solution of HA, in which 50% of
the acid is ionized, is : [AIEEE-2007, 3/120]
,d nqcZy vEy (HA) dk pKa, 4.5 gSA HA ds ,d tyh; cQj foy;u] ftlesa 50% vEy vk;fur gS] dk pOH dk
eku gS % [AIEEE-2007, 3/120]
(1*) 9.5 (2) 7.0 (3) 4.5 (4) 2.5
 A  
Sol. For acidic buffer, pH = pKa +
HA 
When the acid is 50% ionised, [A–] = [HA] or pH = pKa + log 1 or pH = pKa
given, pKa = 4.5  pH = 4.5  pOH = 14 – 4.5 = 9.5.
A  

gy- vEyh; cQj ds fy,, pH = pKa +  

HA 
tc vEy 50% rd vk;fur gksrk gS, [A–] = [HA] ;k pH = pKa + log 1 or pH = pKa
fn;k gS] pKa = 4.5  pH = 4.5  pOH = 14 – 4.5 = 9.5.

JEE(MAIN) ONLINE PROBLEMS

1. In some solutions, the concentration of H3O+ remains constant even when small amounts of strong acid
or strong base are added to them. These solutions are known as :
[JEE(Main) 2014 Online (11-04-14), 4/120]
(1) Ideal solutions (2) Colloideal solutins (3) true solutions (4*) Buffer solutions
dqN foy;uksa esa izcy ,sflM vFkok izcy {kkj dh FkksM+h ek=kk feykus ij Hkh H3O+ dk lkUnz.k fLFkj gh jgrk gSA bu
foy;uksa dks uke fn;k tkrk gS& [JEE(Main) 2014 Online (11-04-14), 4/120]
(1) vkn'kZ foy;u (2) dksyk;Mh foy;u (3) okLrfod foy;u (4*) cQj (Buffer) foy;u

2. Addition of sodium hydroxide solution to a weak acid (HA) results in a buffer of pH 6. If ionisation
constant of HA is 10–5, the ratio of salt to acid concentration in the buffer solution will be :
[JEE(Main) 2017 Online (08-04-17), 4/120]
nqcZy vEy (HA) esa lksfM;e gkbMªkWDlkbM feykus ij pH 6 okyk cQj curk gSA ;fn HA dk fo;kstu fLFkjkad 10–5
gS] rc cQj foy;u esa yo.k rFkk vEy dh lkUnzrk dk vuqikr gksxk %
[JEE(Main) 2017 Online (08-04-17), 4/120]
(1*) 10 : 1 (2) 4 : 5 (3) 1 : 10 (4) 5 : 4
Sol. For acidic buffer (vEyh; cQj ds fy,)
Salt 
pH = pKa + log
 Acid
Salt  Salt  10
6 = 5 + log or =
 Acid  Acid 1

3. 50 mL of 0.2 M ammonia solution is treated with 25 mL of 0.2 M HCl . If pKb of ammonia solution is
4.75, the pH of the mixture will be : [JEE(Main) 2017 Online (09-04-17), 4/120]
0.2 M veksfu;k foy;u dk 50 mL, 0.2 M HCl ds 25 mL vEy ds lkFk fØ;k djrk gSA ;fn veksfu;k foy;u dk
pKb 4.75 gS] rc feJ.k dk pH gksxh % [JEE(Main) 2017 Online (09-04-17), 4/120]
(1) 4.75 (2) 3.75 (3*) 9.25 (4) 8.25
Sol. NH3 + HCl   NH4Cl
Millimolesfefyeksy 10 5 0
finally vUrr% 5 0 5
Resulting solution will be buffer
ifj.kkeh foy;u cQj gksxk
NH Cl
 pOH = pKa + log10  4  = 4.75 + log10 5 = 4.75
5
 pH = 14–4.75 = 9.25
NH3 
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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)

4. 20 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 solution is added to 30 mL of 0.2 M NH4OH solution. The pH of the resultant
mixture is : (pKb of NH4OH = 4.7) [JEE(Main) 2019 Online (09-01-19), 4/120]
20 mL 0.1 M H2SO4 ds foy;u dks 30 m L 0.2 M NH4OH ds foy;u esa feykus ij izkIr feJ.k ds pH dk eku
gS% (pKb of NH4OH = 4.7) [JEE(Main) 2019 Online (09-01-19), 4/120]
(1*) 9.0 (2) 5.2 (3) 9.4 (4) 5.0
Sol. H2SO4 + 2NH4OH (NH4)2 SO4 + 2H2O
2m.m 6m.m.
– 2mm 2mm
4
pOH = 4.7 + log =5
2
pH = 14 – 5 = 9

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ADVIEQ(M) - 10