Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)

IONIC EQUILIBRIUM-III
vk;fud lkE;-III

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : Solubility, Solubility product and Simple solubility calculations
[k.M (A) : foys;rk] foys;rk xq.kuQy rFkk foys;rk dh ljy x.kuk,¡
Commit to memory :
Solubility (s ; in mol/L) of a sparingly soluble salt A xBy : Ksp = xx.yy.(s)x+y

;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %

,d de foy;'khy yo.k AxBy dh foys;rk (s ; mol/L esa) : Ksp = xx.yy.(s)x+y
A-1. If the solubility product of a salt MX is 3 × 10–10 at 0ºC, determine its solubility.
;fn 0ºC ij yo.k MX dk foys;rk xq.kuQy 3 × 10–10 gS] rks bldh foys;rk Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 1.73 × 10–5 mol/L
Sol. ekuk fd yo.k MX dh foys;rk x mol/L gSA
MX M+ + X–
Ksp = x2 = 3 × 10–10  x = 1.73 × 10–5 mol/L
A-2. A saturated solution of PbCl2 contains 2 × 10–3 mol of PbCl2 per litre. What is the Ksp of PbCl2 ?
PbCl2 ds lar`Ir foy;u esa PbCl2 ds 2 × 10–3 eksy izfr yhVj gSA PbCl2 dk Ksp D;k gS \
Ans. 3.2 × 10–8
Sol. MgF2 Mg2+ + 2F–
s 2s
Ksp = 4s3 = 4 × (2 × 10–3)3 = 3.2 × 10–8
A-3. Ksp at 25ºC of AgCl, AgBr and AgI are respectively 3 × 10–10, 7.7 × 10–13, 1.5 × 10–16. Write decreasing
order of solubility of these salts.
25ºC ij AgCl, AgBr rFkk AgI dk Ksp Øe'k% 3 × 10–10, 7.7 × 10–13, 1.5 × 10–16 gSA bu yo.kksa dh foys;rk
?kVrs gq, Øe esa fyf[k,A
Ans. AgCl > AgBr > AgI
A-4. Write solubility product expression for Hg2SO4.
Hg2SO4 ds foys;rk xq.kuQy O;atd fyf[k,A
Ans. [ Hg22 ][SO42–]
Sol. Hg2SO4 Hg22 + SO42–

Section (B) : Condition for precipitation, Common ion effect on solubility

[k.M (B) : vo{ksi.k ds fy, vko';d fLFkfr rFkk foys;rk ij levk;u çHkko
Commit to memory :
Condition for precipitation of AxBy : Ionic product or KIP  Ksp ; [Ay+]x [Bx–]y > Ksp of AxBy
Common ion effect on solubility : Solubility (s') of A xBy (sparingly soluble ; Ksp) in a solution of 'c' M
ApDq/ErBp (both readily soluble) : (pc)x(ys')y = Ksp ; s' = .....

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ADVIEQ(M) - 1
 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %
AxBy ds vo{ksi.k dh 'krZ : vk;fud xq.kuQy ;k KIP  Ksp ; [Ay+]x [Bx–]y > AxBy dk Ksp
foys;rk ij levk;u çHkko : 'c' M ApDq/ErBp (nksuksa rhoz foy;'khy½ ds foy;u esa AxBy (de foy;'khy ; Ksp) dh
foys;rk (s') : (pc)x(ys')y = Ksp ; s' = .....

B-1. Determine solubility of PbI2 in a 0.1 M solution of NaI. (Ksp of PbI2 = 8 × 10–9)
NaI ds 0.1 M foy;u esa PbI2 dh foys;rk Kkr dhft,A (PbI2 dk Ksp = 8 × 10–9)
Ans. 8 × 10–7 M
Sol. NaI  Na+ + I–
PbI2 Pb2+ + 2I–
x 2x + 0.1
Ksp = x(0.1 + 2x)2 = 8 × 10–9 M3
 x × 0.01 = 8 × 10–9
 x = 8 × 10–7 M

B-2. Determine solubility of PbI2 in a 0.1 M solution of Pb(NO3)2. (Ksp of PbI2 = 8 × 10–9)
Pb(NO3)2 ds 0.1 M foy;u esa PbI2 dh foys;rk Kkr dhft,A (PbI2 dk Ksp = 8 × 10–9)
Ans. 1.414 × 10–4 M
Sol. Pb(NO3)2  Pb2+ + NO 3–
PbI2 Pb2+ + 2I–
x + 0.1 2x
Ksp = (x + 0.1)(2x)2 = 8 × 10–9
 4x2 = 8 × 10–8
 x = 1.4 × 10–4 M

B-3. At 25ºC, the solubility of Ag2CO3 (Ksp = 4.3 × 10–13) would be in what order in the following solutions ?
(a) 0.01 M AgNO3 (b) 0.04 M K2CO3 (c) pure water (d) in a buffer (pH = 4)
25ºC ij] Ag2CO3 dk foys;rk xq.kuQy (Ksp = 4.3 × 10–13) fuEu ds ,d yhVj esa vf/kdre gksxk %
(a) 0.01 M AgNO3 (b) 0.04 M K2CO3 (c) 'kq) ty (d) ,d cQj esa (pH = 4)
Ans. (d) > (c) > (b) > (a)
Sol. Because of hydrolysis of CO32– .

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : Solubility, Solubility product and Simple solubility calculations
[k.M (A) : foys;rk] foys;rk xq.kuQy rFkk foys;rk dh ljy x.kuk,¡
Commit to memory :
Solubility (s ; in mol/L) of a sparingly soluble salt AxBy : Ksp = xx.yy.(s)x+y

;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %

,d de foy;'khy yo.k AxBy dh foys;rk (s ; mol/L esa) : Ksp = xx.yy.(s)x+y
A-1. M(OH)x (producing Mx+ and OH– ions) has Ksp 4 × 10–12 and solubility 10–4 M. The value of x is :
M(OH)x (tks Mx+ o OH– vk;u cukrk gS) 4 × 10–12 Ksp j[krk gS rFkk bldh foys;rk 10–4 M gSA x dk eku ...... gS %
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Sol. Ksp = 4 × 10–12 = [M+] [OH–]x = [10–4] [x.10–4]x = xx. (10–4)1+x
 x=2
gy- Ksp = 4 × 10–12 = [M+] [OH–]x = [10–4] [x.10–4]x = xx. (10–4)1+x
 x=2

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ADVIEQ(M) - 2
 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
A-2. If the solubility of Lithium sodium hexafluoridoaluminate, Li3Na3[AlF6 ]2 is ‘s’ mol L–1, its solubility product
is: (Assume no ionisation of  AlF6  )
3

;fn yhfFk;e lksfM;e gsDlk¶yksjkbMks,Y;wfeusV Li3Na3[AlF6 ]2 dh foys;rk ‘s’ eksy yhVj–1 gS] rks bldk foys;rk
xq.kuQy ...... gS % (  AlF6  dk vk;uu u ekusa)
3

(A) 18 s3 (B) 186624 s8 (C) 1458 s8 (D*) 2916 s8

Sol. (a) Li3Na3[AlF6]2   + +
3Li + 3Na + 2[AlF6]3–

3s 3s 2s
Ksp = (3s)3 (3s)3 (2s)2 = 2916 s8.

A-3. Which of the following is most soluble in water ? Assume no reaction of cation/anion.
fuEu esa ls dkSulk ty esa vf/kdre foy;'khy gS \ /kuk;u@_.kk;u dh dksbZ vfHkfØ;k u ekusaA
(A*) MnS (Ksp = 2.5 × 10–13 ) (B) ZnS (Ksp = 1.6 × 10–24)
(C) Bi2S3 (Ksp =1.6 × 10 )–72 (D) Ag2S (Ksp = 10–51)
Sol. Find solubility for each separately by s 2 = Ksp for MnS and ZnS, 108s5 = Ksp for Bi2S3 and 4s3 = Ksp for
Ag2S.
gy- MnS rFkk ZnS ds fy, s2 = Ksp , Bi2S3 ds fy, 108s5 = Ksp rFkk Ag2S ds fy, 4s3 = Ksp }kjk izR;sd ds fy,
i`Fkd~ foys;rk Kkr dhft,A

A-4. When different types of salts have nearly same solubility product constants K sp, but less than one, the
most soluble salt is that :
(A*) Which produces maximum number of ions per formula unit
(B) Which produces minimum number of ions per formula unit
(C) Which produces ions with maximum charge
(D) Which produces ions with miniumum charge
tc fofHkUu çdkj ds yo.kksa ds foys;rk xq.kuQy Ksp yxHkx cjkcj gaS] ijUrq 1 ls de gaSa] rc ,d lcls foy;'khy
yo.k og gS] tks %
(A*) çfr lw=k bdkbZ vf/kdre la[;k esa vk;uksa dks mRiUu djrk gSA
(B) çfr lw=k bdkbZ U;wure la[;k esa vk;uksa dks mRiUu djrk gSA
(C) vf/kdre vkos'k okys vk;u mRiUu djrk gSA
(D) U;wure vkos'k okys vk;u mRiUu djrk gSA
Sol. For different salts such as AB, AB2 , AB3, ..........etc. Ksp = s2, 4s3, 27s4............ respectively. If Ksp is
same for different salts, then s is more for the salt in which produces more number of ions.
gy- AB, AB2 , AB3, ..........bR;kfn tSls fofHkUu yo.kksa ds fy, Ksp = s2, 4s3, 27s4............ gksrs gSaA ;fn fHkUu yo.kksa ds
fy, Ksp leku gksrk gS] rc s ml yo.k ds fy, vf/kd gksxk] ftlds fy, vk;uksa dh la[;k vf/kd gksA

A-5. In a saturated solution of Ag2SO4, silver ion concentration is 3 × 10–2 M. Its solubility product is :
Assume no reaction of cation/anion.
Ag2SO4 ds lar`Ir foy;u esa] flYoj vk;u laknzrk 3 × 10–2 M gSA bldk foys;rk xq.kuQy ....... gS %
/kuk;u@_.kk;u dh dksbZ vfHkfØ;k u ekusaA
(A*) 1.35 × 10–5 (B) 1.08 × 10–4 (C) 2.7 × 10–5 (D) 4.5 × 10–4
Sol. Ag2CO3 2Ag+ + CO32–
2s s
Here (;gk¡) [Ag+] = 2 s = 2 × 10–4 M  s = 1 × 10–4 M 
  Ksp = 4s3 = 4(3 × 10–2)3 = 1.35 × 10–5
A-6. The minimum volume of the water needed to dissolve 1 g of BaSO 4 (Ksp = 10–10) is about : Assume no
reaction of cation/anion.
[Mol. mass (BaSO4) = 233 u]
(A) 105 litres (B*) 430 litres (C) 43 litres (D) 4300 litres

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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
1 g BaSO4 (Ksp =10–10) dks ?kksyus ds fy, vko';d ty dk U;wure vk;ru yxHkx ........ gS % /kuk;u@_.kk;u
dh dksbZ vfHkfØ;k u ekusaA
[vkf.od nzO;eku (BaSO4) = 233 u]
(A) 105 yhVj (B*) 430 yhVj (C) 43 yhVj (D) 4300 yhVj
Sol. Solubility of BaSO4 = K sp = 1010 = 1 × 10–5 M
 wt. of BaSO4 = 1 × 10–5 × 233 = 233 × 10–5 g/litre.
1
 Volume of water needed to dissolve 1 g BaSO4 is equal to  430 litres
233  105
gy- BaSO4 dh foys;rk = K sp = 1010 = 1 × 10–5 M
 BaSO4 dk nzO;eku = 1 × 10–5 × 233 = 233 × 10–5 xzke/yhVj
1
 1 g BaSO4 dks ?kksyus ds fy, vko';d ty dk vk;ru =  430 yhVj
233  10 5

Section (B) : Condition for precipitation, Common ion effect on solubility

[k.M (B) : vo{ksi.k ds fy, vko';d fLFkfr rFkk foys;rk ij levk;u çHkko
Commit to memory :
Condition for precipitation of AxBy : Ionic product or KIP  Ksp ; [Ay+]x [Bx–]y > Ksp of AxBy
Common ion effect on solubility : Solubility (s') of A xBy (sparingly soluble ; Ksp) in a solution of 'c' M
ApDq/ErBp (both readily soluble) : (pc)x(ys')y = Ksp ; s' = .....

;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; %

AxBy ds vo{ksi.k dh 'krZ : vk;fud xq.kuQy ;k KIP  Ksp ; [Ay+]x [Bx–]y > AxBy dk Ksp
foys;rk ij levk;u çHkko : 'c' M ApDq/ErBp (nksuksa rhoz foy;'khy½ ds foy;u esa AxBy (de foy;'khy ; Ksp) dh
foys;rk (s') : (pc)x(ys')y = Ksp ; s' = .....

B-1. The solubility product of BaCrO4 is 2.4 × 10–10 M2. The maximum concentration of Ba(NO3)2 possible
without precipitation in a 6 × 10–4 M K2CrO4 solution is :
BaCrO4 dk foys;rk xq.kuQy 2.4 × 10–10 M2 gSA K2CrO4 ds 6 × 10–4 M foy;u esa fcuk vo{ksi.k ds Ba(NO3)2
dh vf/kdre lkUnzrk ....... gks ldrh gS %
(A*) 4 × 10–7 M (B) 1.44 × 10–13 M (C) 2 × 10–7 M (D) 2.5 × 106 M
Sol. Ksp (BaCrO4) = 2.4 × 10–10 M2
[CrO4–2] = 6 × 10–4 M & Ksp (BaCrO4) = [Ba+2] [CrO4–2] = 2.4 × 10–10
 [Ba ]+ × 6 × 10–4 = 2.4 × 10–10
+2 –7
[Ba ] = 4 × 10 M Ans.

B-2. The solubility product of AgCl is 1.8 × 10–10. Precipitation of AgCl will occur only when equal volumes of
solutions of :
(A) 2 × 10–5 M Ag+ and 2 × 10–5 M Cl– are mixed.
(B) 10–7 M Ag+ and 10–7 M Cl– are mixed.
(C) 10–5 M Ag+ and 10–5 M Cl– are mixed.
(D*) 10–4 M Ag+ and 10–4 M Cl– are mixed.
AgCl dk foys;rk xq.kuQy 1.8 × 10–10 gSA AgCl dk vo{ksi.k djkus ds fy, fuEu esa ls dsoy fdlds leku
vk;ru fefJr djus gkasxs \
(A) 2 × 10–5 M Ag+ rFkk 2 × 10–5 M Cl– (B) 10–7 M Ag+ rFkk 10–7 M Cl–
(C) 10–5 M Ag+ rFkk 10–5 M Cl– (D*) 10–4 M Ag+ rFkk 10–4 M Cl–

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ADVIEQ(M) - 4
 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
B-3. The solubility of CaF2 (Ksp = 5.3 × 10–9) in 0.1 M solution of NaF would be : Assume no reaction of
cation/anion.
NaF ds 0.1 M foy;u esa CaF2 (Ksp = 5.3 × 10–9) dh foys;rk ....... gksxh % /kuk;u@_.kk;u dh dksbZ vfHkfØ;k u
ekusaA
(A) 5.3 × 10–10 M (B) 5.3 × 10–8 M (C*) 5.3 × 10–7 M (D) 5.3 × 10–11 M

B-4. Let the solubilities of AgCl in pure water, 0.01 M CaCl 2, 0.01 M NaCl & 0.05 M AgNO3 be s1, s2, s3 & s4
respectively. What is the correct order of these quantities ? Neglect any complexation.
ekuk fd AgCl dh foys;rk 'kq) ty esa, 0.01 M CaCl2 esa, 0.01 M NaCl esa ,oa 0.05 M AgNO3 esa Øe'k% s1, s2, s3
,oa s4 gSaA bu ek=kkvksa dk lgh Øe D;k gS \ fdlh Hkh rjg ds ladqyu dks ux.; ekfu;s %
(A) s1 > s4 > s3 > s2 (B) s1 > s2 = s3 > s4 (C*) s1 > s3 > s2 > s4 (D) s4 > s2 > s3 > s1

B-5. Solubility of BaF2 in a solution of Ba(NO3)2 will be represented by which concentration term ? Assume
no reaction of cation/anion.
Ba(NO3)2 ds ,d foy;u esa BaF2 dh foys;rk] fdl lkUnzrk in ls çnf'kZr dh tk;sxh \ /kuk;u@_.kk;u dh dksbZ
vfHkfØ;k u ekusaA
(A) [Ba2+] (B) [F–] (C*) [F–]/2 (D) 2[]

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN)
1. Match the correct Ksp expression in terms of solubility (s) for given salts :
(Dont assume hydrolysis of any ion)
fn;s x;s yo.kksa dh foys;rk (s) ds inksa esa buds Ksp ds O;atdksa dks lqesfyr dhft, %
(fdlh Hkh vk;u dk ty&vi?kVu u ekusa)
Column-I Column-II
dkWye-I dkWye-II
(A) Ca3(PO4)2 (p) 4s3
(B) Hg2I2 (q) 27s4
(C) Cr(OH)3 (r) 108s5
(D) CaF2 (s) 16s4
Ans. (A  r) ; (B  p) ; (C  q) ; (D  p)

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

1. Slaked lime, Ca(OH)2 is used extensively in sewage treatment. What can be the maximum pH of
Ca(OH)2 (aq) ? (Take log11 = 1.04)
Ca(OH)2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) ; Ksp = 5.324 × 10–6
cq>k gqvk pwuk Ca(OH)2 flost dk;Z esa cgqrk;r ls mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Ca(OH)2 (tyh;) dk vf/kdre pH D;k
gks ldrk gS \ (log11 = 1.04 yhft,)
Ca(OH)2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) ; Ksp = 5.324 × 10–6
(A) 12.04 (B*) 12.34 (C) 10.68 (D) 14

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ADVIEQ(M) - 5
 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
2. The solubility of Ag2CO3 in water is 1.26 × 104 mole/litre. What is its solubility in 0.02 M Na2CO3
solution ? Assume no hydrolysis of CO32 ion. (Take 3 2 = 1.26)
ty esa Ag2CO3 dh foys;rk 1.26 x 104 eksy@yhVj gSA 0.02 M Na2CO3 foy;u esa bldh foys;rk D;k gS \ ;g
ekusa fd CO32 vk;u dk ty vi?kVu ugha gksrk gSA ( 3 2 = 1.26 yhft,½
(A) 5 × 106 M (B) 50 × 106 M (C*) 105 M (D) 2 × 105 M

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
1. How many of the following relations are correct for the solubility product (K sp) & solubility (s g/litre) of
sparingly soluble salt A3B2 (producing A2+ & B3– ions ; mol. wt. M) in water ? (Assume no hydrolysis of
any ion).
ty esa vYi foys;h yo.k A3B2 (A2+ o B3– vk;u cukrk gS ; vkf.od nzO;eku M) ds foys;rk xq.kuQy (Ksp) o
foys;rk (s xzke/yhVj) ds fy;s fdrus lEcU/k lgh gSa \ (ekuk fd fdlh Hkh vk;u dk tyvi?kVu ugha gksrk gSA)
3 2
 3s   2s 
1. Ksp = 108s5 2. Ksp =     3. Ksp = (3[A2+])3 (2[B3–])2
M M
1/ 2
2s [B3  ] 1 M4  K 
4. [B3–] = 5.  2
6. [A ]   3sp
 3 
M K sp 54 s4  [B ] 
108s5 Ksp
7. [A 2 ]3 M5  3 2
8.  36s4 9. Ksp = [A2+]2 [B3–]3
[B ] [A2 ]
Ans. 4 (2, 4, 5 and 7).

2. 8 × 10–6 M AgNO3 solution is gradually added in 1 L of 10–4 M KCl solution. Upto what volume of AgNO3
solution being added (in L), precipitation of AgCl will not take place? (K sp of AgCl = 2 × 10–10)
[16JC110366]
8 × 10–6 M AgNO3 dk foy;u /khjs&/khjs 10–4 M KCl ds 1 L foy;u esa feyk;k tkrk gSA AgNO3 dk foy;u
fdruk (L esa) feyk;k tk;s] rkfd AgCl dk ikru uk gks ik;s \ (AgCl dk Ksp = 2 × 10–10)

Ans. 1

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. The solubility of a sparingly soluble salt A xBy in water is 1.4 × 10–4 M. The solubility product is
1.1 × 10–11. The possibilities are :
vkaf'kd foys; yo.k AxBy ds fy, ty esa foys;rk 1.4 × 10–4 M gSA ;fn foys;rk xq.kuQy 1.1 × 10–11 gS] rks
lEHkkouk,¡ gSa %
(A*) x = 1, y = 2 (B*) x = 2, y = 1 (C) x = 1, y = 3 (D) x = 3, y = 1

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ADVIEQ(M) - 6
 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)

JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
JEE(MAIN) OFFLINE PROBLEMS
1. The solubility of Mg(OH)2 is s moles/litre. The solubility product under the same condition is :
Mg(OH)2 dh foys;rk s eksy/yhVj gSA blh fLFkfr ij foys;rk xq.kuQy (Ksp) gS % [AIEEE-2002, 3/225]
(1*) 4s 3 (2) 3s 4 (3) 4s 2 (4) s 3

2. The solubility in water of a sparingly soluble salt AB2 is 1.0 × 10–5 mol L–1. Its solubility product will be :
[AIEEE-2003, 3/225]
,d AB2 çdkj ds vkaf'kd foys; yo.k dh ty esa foys;rk 1.0 × 10–5 eksy@yhVj gSA bldk foys;rk xq.kuQy
gksxk% [AIEEE-2003, 3/225]
(1*) 4 × 10–15 (2) 4 × 10–10 (3) 1 × 10–15 (4) 1 × 10–10
3. The molar solubility (in mol L–1) of a sparingly soluble salt MX4 is s. The corresponding solubility product
is Ksp.. s is given in terms of Ksp by the relation : [AIEEE-2004, 3/225]
,d vkaf'kd foy; yo.k] MX4 dh eksyj foys;rk (eksy@yhVj esa) s gS rFkk lEcfU/kr foys;rk xq.kuQy Ksp gSA fuEu
lEcUèk }kjk s dks Ksp ds :i esa O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gS % [AIEEE-2004, 3/225]
(1) s = (Ksp/128) 1/4 (2) s = (128Ksp) 1/4 (3) s = (256Ksp) 1/5 (4*) s = (Ksp/256)1/5
4. The solubility product of a salt having general formula MX2, in water is : 4 × 10–12. The concentration of
M2+ ions in the saturated aqueous solution of the salt is : [AIEEE-2005, 3/225]
MX2 lw=k ds ,d yo.k dk ty esa foys;rk xq.kuQy 4 × 10–12 gSA rc yo.k ds lar`Ir tyh; foy;u esa] M2+
vk;uksa dh lkanzrk gS % [AIEEE-2005, 3/225]
(1) 2.0 × 10–6 M (2*) 1.0 × 10–4 M (3) 1.6 × 10–4 M (4) 4.0 × 10–10 M
5. In a saturated solution of the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte AgIO 3 (Molecular mass = 283), the
equilibrium which sets in is :
AgIO3(s) Ag+(aq) + IO3– (aq)
If the solubility product constant Ksp of AgIO3 at a given temperature is 1.0 × 10–8, what is the mass of
AgO3 contained in 100 mL of its saturated solution? [AIEEE-2007, 3/120]
vkaf'kd foys; izcy oS|qr&vi?kV~; AgIO3 (vkf.od nzO;eku = 283) ds lar`Ir foy;u esa fuEufyf[kr lkE; LFkkfir
gksrk gS % AgIO3(s) Ag+(tyh;) + IO3– (tyh;)
;fn fn, x, rki ij AgIO3 dk foys;rk xq.kuQy fLFkjkad (Ksp) 1.0 × 10–8 gS] rks lar`Ir foy;u ds 100 mL esa
AgIO3 dk nzO;eku D;k gS \ [AIEEE-2007, 3/120]
(1) 1.0 × 10 g–7 –4
(2) 1.0 × 10 g –2
(3) 28.3 × 10 g (4*) 2.83 × 10–3 g
6. Solid Ba(NO3)2 is gradually dissolved in 1.0 × 10–4 M Na2CO3 solution. At what concentration of Ba2+
will a precipitate begin to form ? (Ksp for BaCO3 = 5.1 × 10–9) [AIEEE-2009, 4/144]
1.0 × 10–4 M Na2CO3 foy;u esa Bksl Ba(NO3)2 /khjs&/khjs feyk;k tkrk gSA Ba2+ vk;u dh fdl lkUnzrk ij ,d
vo{ksi cuuk izkjEHk gks tk;sxk ? (BaCO3 dk Ksp = 5.1 × 10–9) [AIEEE-2009, 4/144]
(1*) 5.1 × 10–5 M (2) 8.1 × 10–8 M (3) 8.1 × 10–7 M (4) 4.1 × 10–5 M
7. Solubility product of silver bromide is 5.0 × 10–13. The quantity of potassium bromide (molar mass taken
as 120 g mol–1) to be added to 1 litre of 0.05 M solution of silver nitrate to start the precipitation of AgBr
is : [AIEEE-2010, 4/144]
flYoj czksekbM dk foys;rk xq.kuQy 5.0 × 10–13 gSA flYoj ukbVªsV ds 0.05 M foy;u ds 1 yhVj esa iksVsf'k;e
czksekbM ¼ftldk eksyj nzO;eku 120 g mol–1 fy;k tkrk gS) dh ........ ek=kk feyk;h tk,] fd AgBr dk vo{ksi.k
izkjEHk gks tk, % [AIEEE-2010, 4/144]
(1) 1.2 × 10–10 g (2*) 1.2 × 10–9 g (3) 6.2 × 10–5 g (4) 5.0 × 10–8 g

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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
8. At 25°C, the solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is 1.0  10–11. At what pH, will Mg2+ ions start precipitating in
the form of Mg(OH)2 from a solution of 0.001 M Mg2+ ions ? [AIEEE-2010, 4/144]
25°C ij Mg(OH)2 dk foys;rk xq.kuQy 1.0  10–11 gSA 0.001 M Mg2+ vk;u ds ,d foy;u ls fdl pH ij
Mg(OH)2 ds :i esa Mg2+ vk;u vo{ksfir gksuk izkjEHk djsaxs \ [AIEEE-2010, 4/144]
(1) 9 (2*) 10 (3) 11 (4) 8

9. An aqueous solution contains an unknown concentration of Ba 2+. When 50 mL of a 1M solution of

Na2SO4 is added, BaSO4 just begins to precipitate. The final volume is 500 mL. The solubility product of
BaSO4 is 1 × 10–10. What is the original concentration of Ba2+. [JEE(Main) 2018, 4/120]
,d tyh; foy;u esa Ba gS ftldh lkUnzrk vKkrgSA mlesa 1M Na2SO4 ds 50 mL foy;u feykrs gh BaSO4 dk
2+

vo{ksi cuuk 'kq: gks tkrk gSA vafre vk;ru 500 mL gSA BaSO4 dk foys;rk xq.kkad 1 × 10–10 gSA Ba2+ dh ewy
lkUnzrk jgh gksxh % [JEE(Main) 2018, 4/120]
(1*) 1.1 × 10–9 M (2) 1.0 × 10–10 M (3) 5 × 10–9 M (4) 2 × 10–9 M
Sol. Ba+2 +SO42– BaSO4(s)
ppt

MV1 1 50
final conc. of [SO42–] =   0.1M
V1  V2 500
Final conc. of [Ba+2] when BaSO4 start precipitating
KSP =QSP = [Ba+2] [SO42–]
10–10 = [Ba+2] (0.1M)
[Ba+2] = 10–9M
2
initial conc. [Ba ] ; initial volume was = 500 –50 =450ml
M1V1 = M2V2
M2 V2 10 –9  500
M1 = 
V1 450
M1 = 1.1×10–9 M
Sol. Ba+2 +SO42– BaSO4(s)
vo{ksi
MV1 1 50
[SO42–] dh vfUre lkaUnzrk =   0.1M
V1  V2 500
[Ba+2] dh vfUre lkaUnzrk] tc BaSO4 vo{ksfir gksuk izkjEHk gksrk gSA
KSP =QSP = [Ba+2] [SO42–]
10–10 = [Ba+2] (0.1M)
[Ba+2] = 10–9M
[Ba+2] dh izkjfEHkd lkaUnzrk ; izkjfEHkd vk;ru = 500 –50 =450ml
M1V1 = M2V2
M2 V2 10 –9  500
M1 = 
V1 450
M1 = 1.1×10–9 M

JEE(MAIN) ONLINE PROBLEMS

1. Zirconium phosphate [Zr3(PO4)4] dissociates into three zirconium cations of charge +4 and four
phosphate anions of charge –3. If molar solubility of zirconium phosphate is denoted by S and its
solubility product by Ksp then which of the following relationship between S and Ksp is correct ?
[JEE(Main) 2014 Online (19-04-14), 4/120]
ftjdksfu;e QkLQsV [Zr3(PO4)4] fo;ksftr gksdj +4 vkos'k izfr dsVk;u ds rhu ftjdksfu;e dsVk;u vkSj –3 vkos'k
izfr ,uk;u ds pkj QkLQsV ,uk;u nsrk gSA ;fn ftjdksfu;e QkLQsV dh eksyj foys;rk dks S ls vkSj blds
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 Ionic Equilibrium (Elementary)
foys;rk xq.kuQy dks Ksp ls lwfpr fd;k tk;s rks fuEu lEcU/kksa ls dkSu&lk S vkSj Ksp dk lEcU/k lgh ekuk
tk;sxk\ [JEE(Main) 2014 Online (19-04-14), 4/120]
(1) S = {Ksp /(6912)1/7} (2) S = {Ksp /144}1/7 (3*) S = (Ksp /6912)1/7 (4) S = {Ksp /6912}7

2. The minimum volume of water required to dissolve 0.1 g lead(II) chloride to get a saturated solution (K sp
of PbCl2 = 3.2 × 10–8 ; atomic mass of Pb = 207 u) is : [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
0.1 g ysM (II) DyksjkbM dks ?kksydj ,d lar`Ir foy;u ikus ds fy, vko';d ty dk U;wure vk;ru gksxk] (PbCl2
dk Ksp = 3.2 × 10–8, Pb dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 207 u) [JEE(Main) 2018 Online (15-04-18), 4/120]
(1) 1.798 L (2) 0.36 L (3) 17.98 L (4*) 0.18 L
Sol. (Ksp)PbCl = 32 × 10–9
2

PbCl2 Pb2+ + 2Cl–

s 2s
Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl–]2
Ksp = 4s3 = 32 × 10–9
s3 = 8 × 10–9
s = 2 × 10–3 M
w 1
× = 2 × 10–3
M.w. VL
0.1 1
× = 2 × 10–3
278 VL
0.1 1000
VL = = 0.18 L
278  2
3. A mixture of 100 m mol of Ca(OH)2 and 2 g of sodium sulphate was dissolved in water and the volume
was made up to 100 mL. The mass of calcium sulphate formed and the concentration of OH– in
resulting solution, respectively, are : (Molar mass of Ca(OH) 2, Na2SO4 and CaSO4 are 74, 143 and 136
g mol–1, respectively; Ksp of Ca(OH)2 is 5.5 × 10–6) [JEE(Main) 2019 Online (10-01-19), 4/120]
100 m mol Ca(OH)2 rFkk 2 xzke lksfM;e lYQsV ds ,d feJ.k dks ty esa ?kksydj mldk vk;ru 100 mL rd
fd;k x;kA cus gq, foy;u esa dSfY'k;e lYQsV dk nzO;eku rFkk OH– dh lkUnzrk Øe'k% gSa] (Ca(OH)2, Na2SO4
rFkk CaSO4 ds eksyj nzO;eku gSa Øe'k% 74, 143 rFkk 136 g mol–1, Ca(OH)2 dk Ksp = 5.5 × 10–6)
[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (10-01-19), 4/120]
(1) 13.6 g, 0.14 mol L–1 (2) 13.6 g, 0.28 mol L–1
(3*) 1.9 g, 0.28 mol L–1 (4) 1.9 g, 0.14 mol L–1
Sol. Ca(OH)2 + Na2SO4  CaSO4 + 2 OH–
2000
100 mmol
142
= 13.986  14 milimol 14 mmol 28 mmol
14  136
mass of CaSO4= = 1.9 g
1000
14  136
CaSO4 dk nzzO;eku = = 1.9 g
1000
28
[OH–] = = 0.28 M
100

4. If Ksp of Ag2CO3 is 8 × 10–12, the molar solubility of Ag2CO3 in 0.1 M AgNO3 is :

[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (12-01-19), 4/120]
;fn Ag2CO3 dk Ksp = 8 × 10–12 gS] rks Ag2CO3 dh 0.1 M AgNO3 esa eksyj foys;rk gS %
[JEE(Main) 2019 Online (12-01-19), 4/120]
(1*) 8 × 10–10 M (2) 8 × 10–12 M (3) 8 × 10–13 M (4) 8 × 10–11 M
Sol. 8 × 10–12 = (2S' + 0.1)2S'
or S' = 8 × 10–10 M

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