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33 cards Biology | Introduction To Biology

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What promotes coexistence between competing species?

Predation, disturbance, and metapopulation structure.

Metapopulation

A group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level.

SA:V ratio patterns between 60N and 60S.

60N: low SA:V.

0: high SA:V
60S: low SA:V

Primary succession

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Development of communities in a lifeless area not previously inhabited by life.

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Secondary Succession

Succession that occurs after an existing community is disturbed ( re, cut forest, etc.)

Difference between primary and secondary terrestrial plant communities

Soil development more important to primary, shade effects to secondary.

Why do pikas eat trillium in summer but dry out acomastylis for winter?

Because phenolic compounds in it act as preservatives.

How do you calibrate the ocular micrometer?

Using the stage micrometer since it is of known distance.

Why do you tare the photospectrometer?

So it measures absorbance only of solute in the solution.

What process or phenomenon is most important in producing monsoonal patterns of precipitation?

The intertropical convergence zone undergoing a large shift in latitude during the annual cycle.

Which features need to be measured to obtain an accurate estimate of the population size?

Total area of the population.

Number of non-reproductive plants.

Number of owering plants.

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Number of owering plants.
NumberPrep
of seeds in the soil.

Polyploid speciation and graphs

Can see a visible overlap between two normal curves.

Cline

Transition area between two biomes where a series of biocommunities display a continuous gradient.

Monophyletic Group

A group of organisms that forms a clade, which consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.

What is not involved in speciation?

Hybridization.

Two images, A and B, contain some chromosome compositions. The rst includes 4 pairs, the second 4
trios. What can be gathered about them?

B is sterile and triploid.

A and B are not interfertile.
A is diploid.

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LimitationsPrep
of the biological species concept.

It cannot be applied to asexual species.

It requires the crossing of species and studies of fertility of F1 and F2 individuals.

Which of the indicators of stress (reduced growth, reduced reproduction, death) would you expect to
appear rst?

Reduced reproduction.

Proximate questions

Concerned with physiological mechanisms responsible for a trait.

Why are desert plants microphyllic?

Because microphyllic plants can photosynthesize with their bark.

Chapparal Climate

Mild summer and winter. Highest rainfall from Nov-March.

If earth's axis changed from 23.5 degrees to 15, what would the effect be?

The diameter of the arctic circle would decrease. 

If you reduce rainfall in a tropical rainforest, what do you get?

A tropical seasonal forest/savannah.

Pencil and ear metaphor was made by?

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G E Hutchinson.

What increases as you climb up a mountain in the North American Southwest?

The average height of plants because there is more water as you go up (orogenergic precipitation).

What does the barnacle growing in the intertidal zone and the saguaro cactus in the desert have in
common?

The upper limit of their distributions within their habitats is determined by abiotic stress.

Change in earth shape causes...

Loss of coriolis effect.

Loss of wind cells.

Change in earth tilt causes...

If decreasing, less seasonality.

If increasing, more seasonality.

Change in earth re ectiveness causes...

If increasing, cooler temperatures.

If decreasing, warmer temperatures.

X^2 is for...

Proportion of a whole calculations.

T test is for...
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Comparing averages.

Podsolization

Cold leaching.

Laterization

Leaching with warm water.

Red clay soil (hard in sun).
Metal heavy soil.

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