Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
SDO Pangasinan II
Binalonan, Pangasinan

MODULE IN
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
Animal Production 10
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Week 1

Unit of Competency: Raise Swine

Module Title: Feeding Swine

MELC:
1. identify sources and functions of the major nutrients in swine feeds;
2. explain the procedure in feed formulation;
3. formulate balanced ration for swine;
4. identify the methods of feeds preparation and systems of feeding swine; and
5. feed different classes of swine.

Writer:

Rocky M. Macaso
Teacher III
San Nicolas National High School

Reviewed by:
Cezabeth Quinones
Head Teacher III

Validated by:

ROSE GUALON
FLORENCE SORIANO

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LESSON 1: MAJOR/ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS:
THEIR FUNCTIONS AND SOURCES

Part 1. INTRODUCTION

This lesson discusses the major and essential nutrients needed for optimum health of
animals, as well as the functions and source of these nutrients.

Definition of Terms

Nutrients - substances that nourish animals for specific purposes, such as for health
maintenance, growth, repair of body tissues, reproduction, and other productive
activities
Feed additives - compounds that are artificially added to the feed and are necessary for the
proper development of the animal
Feed ingredients – compounds that are artificially added to the feed and are necessary for
the proper development of the animal
Supplement – one of many high protein feeds that is used to balance or improve existing
ration
Tallow – a fat by-product from slaughtered cattle, carabao, and goat that can be added to
the swine ration
Carbohydrate –nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serves as principal
source of energy
Fats and oils – energy-giving substances formed from alcohol (glycerol) and fatty acids
Protein – nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and helps in the
development of body-building tissues and repair of worn-out tissues
Vitamins – organic substances needed in small amounts and are important for the health
and proper functioning of the animals
Nutrients are the chemical components of feeds that aid in the support of life. Nutrients
may be organic or inorganic substances. The major/essential nutrients needed by swine are:
a. Carbohydrate. This nutrient is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. In
animal feeding, carbohydrate are the principal source of energy. Examples of feeds
rich in carbohydrates are cereals such as corn, rice, sorghum, wheat, oats, and
barley, and their by-products. Tubers or root crops such as sweet potato, cassava,
and gabi are also good sources of energy. Farm by-products like rice bran, corn
bran, corn grits, and molasses are also good sources of energy when added to the
ration.
b. Fats and oils. These are energy-giving substances formed from alcohol (glycerol)
and fatty acids. Fats are solid at room temperature. Tallow is a fat by-product from
slaughtered cattle, carabao, and goat, and can be added to the ration. Oils are liquid
at room temperature, especially in the tropics. The energy from fats and oils is 2.25
times more than in carbohydrate. The addition of two to four percent coconut oil
increases the energy content of pre-starter and starter rations. However, cost must
be taken into consideration because fats and oils are expensive ingredients.

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 c. Protein. This nutrient is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The
functions of protein include the repair of worn- out tissues and the development of
body–building tissues. Protein can come from plant and animal sources. Plant-
protein sources include soybean oil meal, peanut oil meal, copra meal, and corn-
gluten feed. Animal sources include fish meal and bone meal, blood meal, shrimp
meal, and feather meal.

d. Vitamins. These are organic substances important for the health and proper
functioning of the animals. They are needed in small amounts. Vitamins are grouped
into fat–soluble, such as A, D, E, and K, and watersoluble, such as Vitamin B
complex and Vitamin C.
 Vitamin A. This is essential for the proper functioning of the eyes and the
epithelial tissues of the respiratory, reproductive, nervous and urinary systems.
Good feed sources of vitamin A include yellow corn and ipil-ipil leaf meal.
 Vitamin D. This vitamin is needed for the absorption and metabolism of calcium
and phosphorous. Cereals, such as corn, rice, and their by-products, and protein
feedstuffs are low in Vitamin D. In the tropics, the presence of abundant sunlight
plays an important role in providing Vitamin D because of its presence in the
ultra-violet rays. Supplementation may not be required, except for pigs that are
completely confined indoors. Commercial Vitamin D sources include fish liver oil
and irradiated yeast. Care must be observed in the use of commercial sources to
avoid toxic effect as a result of excessive supplementation.
 Vitamin E. Together with selenium in trace amounts, vitamin E is important for
the maintenance of body processes. Common feedstuffs supply the need for
Vitamin E.
 Vitamin K. This nutrient is essential for normal blood clotting. It is abundant in
legumes and green forage. However, for pigs in confinement, supplementing the
diet with 2.0 mg of menadione per kilogram of feed is suggested to meet the
Vitamin K requirements.
 Vitamin B complex. This includes riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and
vitamin B 12. Riboflavin is needed as a constituent several enzyme systems.
Niacin is important in body metabolism. Pantothenic acid is essential for oxidation
of food materials. Vitamin B 12, or the “animal protein factor”, stimulates appetite,
increases growth rate, and improves feed efficiency necessary for normal
reproduction. Plants and animal by-products are good sources of these vitamins.
e. Minerals. There are 13 minerals required by pigs. These are grouped into the macro-and
micro-minerals. The macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorous, chlorine, potassium,
manganese, copper, zinc, iodine, and selenium. Cobalt, which is found in Vitamin B, is also
essential for healthy red blood corpuscles. Calcium and phosphorous are needed for skeletal
growth and bone and teeth developments. Salt improves appetite, promotes growth, and is
essential hydrochloric acid formation in the stomach. Zinc protects the pig’s skin from the
disease called mange. Iron and copper are necessary for the formation of hemoglobin in the
red blood cells to prevent nutritional anemia. All these minerals are found in various
feedstuffs like farm-produced feeds, protein concentrates, and sea products.

Feed Additives

Feed additives are compounds that are artificially added to the feed.

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Classification of Feed Additives

1. Nutritive Feed additives are necessary for the proper development of the animal.
These include vitamins, minerals, and synthetic amino acids. When vitamins are not
sufficiently present in the raw materials used for feeds, they should be added
artificially. In compound feeds, vitamin and mineral premixes should always be
included in order to assure optimal animal growth. A feed diet composed of a variety
of ingredients (especially animal products and dried green fodder) contains sufficient
amount of minerals. However, trace elements such as calcium and phosphorous
need to be added. The quantity and proportion of amino acids in the feeds are of
great importance. Feeds should be of high biological value (BV). To increase the BV,
there is a need to alternate the composition of ingredients as well as add those
amino acids, such as methionine and lysine which are inadequate in the feed. Since
methionine and lysine can be manufactured artificially, the BV can be increased by
adding synthetic methionine and lysine.

2. Non-nutritive feed additives do not contain vitamins and minerals needed for
normal
development but have some positive effects either on the feed or on the animal.
Examples of nonnutritive additives are antibiotics, inorganic agents, growth
stimulants, antioxidants, emulsifiers, and organic acids,. Antibiotics such as
spiramycin and tylosine are added to the feed for curative, therapeutic, and
preventive uses. Some inorganic agents, such as sulfanilamide sans arsenicals, also
act as antibiotics.

LET US REMEMBER

Feeds represent about (80%) of the cost of producing swine, hence, balanced, high
quality rations that promote rapid and economical growth should be given to the pigs. A well-
planned and efficient feeding program should be followed as well.

Swine should be fed with liberal amounts of forage because it contains several
important nutrition substances, particularly vitamins and minerals which are often deficient in
many swine rations.

Part 2. ACTIVITY PROPER Directions: Select the best answer from the box below
to make the sentence correct.

Write your answer on the space provided.

Supplement Protein Vitamins Feed Additives

Fats and Oil Tallow Carbohydrates Vitamin K
Feed Ingredients Nutrients Minerals

1. _______________ are compounds that are artificially added to the feed and are
necessary for the proper development of the animal.
2. _______________ is one of many high protein feeds that is used to balance or
improve existing ration.

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 3. _______________ are substances that nourish animals for specific purposes, such
as for health maintenance, growth, repair of body tissues, reproduction, and other
productive activities.
4. _______________ is a nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
and helps in the development of body-building tissues and repair of worn-out tissues.
5. _______________ are organic substances needed in small amounts and are
important for the health and proper functioning of the animals.
6. _______________ are compounds that are artificially added to the feed and are
necessary for the proper development of the animal.
7. _______________ energy-giving substances formed from alcohol (glycerol) and fatty
acids.
8. _______________ is a nutrient that is essential for normal blood clotting.
9. ______________ is a fat by-product from slaughtered cattle, carabao, and goat that
can be added to the swine ration.
10. ______________ is a nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and
serves as principal source of energy.

Answer Key
Key Answer

Activity Proper

1. Feed Additives
2. Supplement
3. Nutrients
4. Protein
5. Vitamins
6. Feed Ingredients
7. Fats and Oil
8. Vitamin K
9. Tallow
10. Carbohydrates

Reference:

CBC-CBLM for Animal Production

DepEd through Technical Vocational Education Task Force

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 SUMMATIVE TEST/ EVALUATION

Name:_______________________________ Date:______________________

Grade/Section:________________________Score:_____________________

A. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Select the best answer for each of the following questions. Write your
answers in your answer sheet.

1. Which is not considered a nutrient?

a. water b. minerals c. vitamins d. carbohydrate
2. Which is considered a natural vitamin?
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D
3. What is the main function of Vitamin A?
a. for blood clotting c. for skin protection
b. to prevent nutritional anemia d. to prevent functioning of the eyes

4. What is the primary function of carbohydrate?

a. for energy
b. for reproduction
c. for growth of body-building tissues
d. for teeth and bone development
5. Which of the following is a source of energy?
a. ipil-ipil leaf meal b. fish meal c. molasses d. salt
6. Which is not found in carbohydrates?
a. carbon b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. hydrogen
7. Calcium is a kind of _______.
a. amino acid b. feed additive c. macro mineral d. fat-soluble vitamin
8. Which is not a function of water in the animal’s body?
a. regulates body temperature
b. moistens feed and increases palatability
c. carries digested food to all parts of the body through urine
d. dissolves and carries poisonous substances outside the body
9. Why do we need to grind feeds?
a. to improve appetite of pigs
b. to make feeds more palatable
c. for easy absorption
d. for to increase digestibility
10. So that calcium and phosphorous will be assimilated into the body, there must be an
adequate amount of what vitamin?
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D

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 B. Fill in the blanks
Directions: Fill in the lanks with the correct word to make the statement correct.

11. _______________ is one of many high protein feeds that is used to balance or
improve existing ration.
12. ___________organic substances needed in small amounts and are important for the
health and proper functioning of the animals.
13. ____________ compounds that are artificially added to the feed and are necessary
for the proper development of the animal.
14. _____________nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serves as
principal source of energy.
15. ______________energy-giving substances formed from alcohol (glycerol) and fatty
acids.

C. Give that is being asked. (10 pts.)

1. Enumerate and explain the important functions of feed additives.