Yarmouk University

Civil Engineering Department

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory
CE 354

Name: Ahmad Ali AL-Ghzawi

ID#:2015990006
Section: 1
Experiment: 6 (Losses in Piping System)
Date of submission: 3/11/2019
Note :

Exp. 6: Losses in Piping System

Sec(2)
 Major Losses (Due to friction)
Temperature = 22 °C

Ʋ =from the Table “ = 0.963 (m 2/Sec) * 10-6

Pipe inner Diameter =15 mm = 0.015

Pipe Length = 1 m A= 0.000177 m 2 Vol = 0.01 m3

Trail Vol T Q V Re h1 h2 HL f parc. fth.

3
(L) (sec) (m /sec) (m/sec) (cm) (cm) (m)
1 10 54 0.000185 1.0452 16280.374 95.5 38.7 0.568 0.153 0.02798
2 10 58 0.000172 0.972 15140.187 72.0 24.0 0.48 0.1494 0.028485
3 10 71 0.000141 0.7966 12060.673 45.0 6.5 0.385 0.1786 0.030154

64 h1: Pressure head for the 1st section

For Laminar Flow :Ftheory = ℜ

h2: Pressure head for the 2nd section

0.316
For Turbulent flow ; Ftheory = 0.25 (Blasius)
ℜ hl = h1-h2
D 2g
f practical= hL
L v2
Temperature ˚C Kinematic Viscosity ,ʋ (m 2/Sec) * 10-6
5 1.52
10 1.308
15 1.142
20 1.007
25 0.897
30 0.804
35 0.727
40 0.661
50 0.556
Drawa graph of f vs. Re
Draw a graph of fPrac. vs. fTheo.
Drawagraph of fvs. Re
 f vs.Re
0.19

0.18
f(x) = − 0 x + 0.26
0.17 R² = 0.86
fparc.

0.16

0.15

0.14

0.13
11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000
Re

fparc.vs.fth
0.19

0.18
f(x) = 13.21 x − 0.22
0.17 R² = 0.89

0.16
fprc

0.15

0.14

0.13
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
fth

 Sudden Expansion
 D1 = 8mm A1= 0.0000503

D2 =17 mm A2= 0.0002271

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Trail Vol t Q V1 V2 h1 h2 (h2-h1) (h2-h1)
L sec (m3/sec) Practical Theoretical

1 10 34 0.000294 5.845 1.2945 91.7 86.0 0.057 1.0565

2 10 37 0.000703 13.976 3.0955 67.7 63.2 0.045 6.04
3 10 45 0.000222 4.414 0.9775 17.4 11.6 0.058 0.6025
v 12−v 22
(h2 – h1)Theoretical = - Draw a graph between (h2 – h1)Theoretical vs (h2-h1) Practical
2g
(V 1−V 2) 2
2g

Sudden Expansion
7

6
f(x) = − 417.02 x + 24.81
5 R² = 1
(h2-h1)Theoretical

0
0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06
(h2-h1)partical

 Sudden Contraction
D1 = 17mm A1 = 0.0002271
 D2 =8 mm A2 = 0.0000503
A2
= 0.22145
A1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3
Trail Vol t Q(m /sec) V1 V2 h1 h2 (h2-h1) (h2-h1) OR
L cm cm Practical Theoretical kc
1 10 96 0.000104 0.458 2.0676 99.8 46.8 0.53 0.20224 0.3212
2 10 112 0.0000893 0.393 1.775 61.0 22.4 0.386 0.13506 0.234
3 10 130 0.0000769 0.3386 1.53 38.2 9.5 0.287 0.072975 0.17403

v 22−v 12 v 22 v 12−v 22 2g
(h1 – h2)Theoretical = +K K = {( ) + (h1-h2) Practical} * ( 2 ¿
2g 2g 2g v2
Draw a graph between (h2 – h1)Theoretical vs (h2-h1) Practical
A2
(h1-h2) Practical 0 –col(7)0.1
= col(8) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0
A1
Kc 0.50 0.46 0.41 0.36 0.30 0.18 0.06 0

Sudden Contraction
0.25

0.2
f(x) = 0.53 x − 0.07
(h2-h1)m Theoretical

R² = 0.99
0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55
(h2-h1)m Practical

 Losses due to valves

D for globe valve Pipe =17mm A =0.0002271

D for gate valve Pipe = 17mm

Valve Type K
 Globe Valve, fully open 10.0

Gate Valve, fully open 0.2

Gate Valve, half open 5.6

Volume Time Q v h1 h2 v2 K .Kav

m
sec )m /sec(
3
m/sec cm cm ∆ h= ¿ 2g 2g
L ∆h =
h 1− h2 v2

Globe 1 10 23 0.000434 1.9146 93.5 53.5 0.4 0.187 2.14 2.243

Valve 8 3

2 10 25 0.0004 1.76 79.8 42.2 0.376 0.1579 2.38

3 10 28 0.000357 1.572 52.3 24.5 0.278 0.126 2.21

Gate 1 10 23 0.000434 1.9146 90.0 35.5 0.545 0.187 2.914 10.05

Valve 8 1

2 10 56 0.000178 0.7864 75.0 20.0 0.55 0.032 17.1875

6

3 10

 Bends
90˚Bend
 bend Radius 10 cm
Pipe Diameter = 17mm

A=0.0002271 R/D =5.88

Volume Time h1 h2 Q V z2-z1 h1-h2 KB

L sec cm cm
5 23 92.0 90.5 0.000217 0.9573 0.1 0.015 1.818
4
5 30 57.5 57.0 0.000167 0.7354 0.1 0.005 3.4514
5 35 39.5 39.2 0.000143 0.6297 0.1 0.003 4.7947

2g
KB = {(h1-h2)-(z2-z1)}*
v2

(KB) vs R/D
7

6
f(x) = 5.88
5 R² = 0

4
R/D

0
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
KB

Sample of calculation: