PHARMAHEALTHCONSULT STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

Report on Diltiazem cream in anal fissures – Bibliographic data.

1. Outcome Of 0.2% Glyceryltrinitrate Cream Versus 2% Diltiazem Cream In The

Treatment Of Chronic Anal Fissure. PMID 28718248
2. Diltiazem (2%) versus glyceryl trinitrate cream (0.2%) in the management of chronic
anal fissure. PMID 20042150
3. Topical diltiazem cream versus botulinum toxin a for the treatment of chronic anal
fissure: a double-blind randomized clinical trial surgical therapy for anal fissure PMID
22336789
4. Topical Minoxidil Versus Topical Diltiazem for Chemical Sphincterotomy of Chronic
Anal Fissure: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial PMID 29290068.
5. Topical diltiazem cream versus botulinum toxin a for the treatment of chronic anal
fissure: a double-blind randomized clinical trial PMID 21685792
6. Comparison of captopril (0.5%) cream with diltiazem (2%) cream for chronic anal
fissure: a prospective randomized double-blind two-centre clinical trial PMID 26456162
7. Partial Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy versus Combined Botulinum Toxin A Injection
and Topical Diltiazem in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure PMID 25585082
8. Randomized clinical trial assessing the side-effects of glyceryl trinitrate and diltiazem
hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic anal fissure PMID 11952579
9. Randomized clinical trial assessing the side-effects of glyceryl trinitrate and diltiazem
hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic anal fissure (Br J Surg 2002; 89: 413-17) PMID
12190688
10. Topical diltiazem hydrochloride and glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal
fissure PMID 19811710
11. Comparison of topical glyceryl trinitrate with diltiazem ointment for treatment of chronic
anal fissure. A randomized clinical trial PMID 20131551
12. Systematic review of the use of topical diltiazem ed with glyceryltrinitrate for the
nonoperative management of chronic anal fissure PMID: 22487078
13. Diltiazem vs. glyceryl tri-nitrate for symptomatic relief in anal fissure: a randomised
clnical study PMID: 25272534
14. Quality of compounded topical 2% diltiazem hydrochloride formulations for anal fissure
PMID: 24039356
15. The long-term results of diltiazem treatment for anal fissure PMID 16911570
16. A pilot comparative study of fissurectomy/diltiazem and fissurectomy/botulinum toxin in
the treatment of chronic anal fissure PMID: 19018466
17. The role of topical diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissures that have failed
glyceryl trinitrate therapy PMID: 12790914
18. The Management of Anal Fissure: ACPGBI Position Statement PMID 18954306
19. Systematic review: the treatment of anal fissure PMID: 16842451
20. Comparison of Observational and Controlled Clinical Trials of Diltiazem in the
Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure PMID: 23204700
21. In vitro and ex vivo studies on diltiazem hydrochloride-loaded microsponges in rectal
gels for chronic anal fissures treatment PMID: 30580086
22. Pharmacological Treatment of Anal Fissure – A Future Role in Primary Care
PMID: 12953727
PHARMAHEALTHCONSULT STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

23. Comparison Between Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy and Diltiazem in the
Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure
24. Innovations in chronic anal fissure treatment: A systematic review PMID: 21160880
25. Increasing efficacy and reducing side effects in treatment of chronic anal fissures A study
of topical diazepam therapy PMID: 28514300
26. Diltiazem heals glyceryl trinitrate-resistant chronic anal fissures: a prospective study
PMID: 12195195
27. Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of chronic anal fissure: an update
PMID: 18658016
28. A comparison of the effects of diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment
of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial PMID: 17522765
29. A randomized trial of oral vs. topical diltiazem for chronic anal fissures PMID: 11535842
30. Quality of life in patients with chronic anal fissure after topical treatment with diltiazem
PMID: 23494072
31. Topical diltiazem and bethanechol decrease anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures
without side effects PMID: 11052511
32. Single centre randomized comparative trial of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus 2%
diltiazem in chronic anal fissure
33. Management of chronic anal fissures: a narrative review
34. A Comparative Study of Topical Diltiazem (2%) with Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate (0.2%)
as a Conservative Treatment for Anal Fissure.
35. The efficacy of diltiazem and glyceryltrinitrate for the medical management of chronic
anal fissure: a meta-analysis

AND IN ADDITION:

1. Nelson, R. L., Thomas, K., Morgan, J., & Jones, A. (2012). Non surgical therapy for anal
fissure. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (2). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003431

2. Alvandipour, M., Ala, S., Khalvati, M., Yazdanicharati, J., & Koulaeinejad, N. (2018).
Topical minoxidil versus topical diltiazem for chemical sphincterotomy of chronic anal fissure: a
prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. World journal of surgery, 42(7), 2252-2258.
10.1007/s00268-017-4449-x.

3. Carapeti, E. A., Kamm, M. A., & Phillips, R. K. (2000). Topical diltiazem and bethanechol
decrease anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures without side effects. Diseases of the colon
& rectum, 43(10), 1359-1362.

4. Knight, J. S., Birks, M., & Farouk, R. (2001). Topical diltiazem ointment in the treatment of
chronic anal fissure. British journal of surgery, 88(4), 553-556.

5. Bielecki, K., & Kolodziejczak, M. (2003). A prospective randomized trial of diltiazem and
glyceryltrinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Colorectal Disease, 5(3), 256-
257.
PHARMAHEALTHCONSULT STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

6. Jonas, M., Neal, K. R., Abercrombie, J. F., & Scholefield, J. H. (2001). A randomized trial of
oralvs. topical diltiazem for chronic anal fissures. Diseases of the colon & rectum, 44(8), 1074-
1078.

7. Kocher, H. M., Steward, M., Leather, A. J. M., & Cullen, P. T. (2002). Randomized clinical
trial assessing the side-effects of glyceryl trinitrate and diltiazem hydrochloride in the treatment
of chronic anal fissure. British journal of surgery, 89(4), 413-417.

8. DasGupta, R., Franklin, I., Pitt, J., & Dawson, P. M. (2002). Successful treatment of chronic
anal fissure with diltiazem gel. Colorectal disease, 4(1), 20-22.

9. Nash, G. F., Kapoor, K., Saeb-Parsy, K., Kunanadam, T., & Dawson, P. M. (2006). The long-
term results of diltiazem treatment for anal fissure. International journal of clinical practice,
60(11), 1411.

10. Jawaid, M., Masood, Z., & Salim, M. (2009). Topical diltiazem hydrochloride and glyceryl
trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 19(10), 614-7.

11. Samim, M., Twigt, B., Stoker, L., & Pronk, A. (2012). Topical diltiazem cream versus
botulinum toxin a for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a double-blind randomized clinical
trial. Annals of surgery, 255(1), 18-22.

12. Shrivastava, U. K., Jain, B. K., Kumar, P., & Saifee, Y. (2007). A comparison of the effects
of diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a
randomized clinical trial. Surgery Today, 37(6), 482-485.

13. Griffin, N., Acheson, A. G., Jonas, M., & Scholefield, J. H. (2002). The role of topical
diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissures that have failed glyceryl trinitrate therapy.
Colorectal Disease, 4(6), 430-435.

14. Sajid, M. S., Rimple, J., Cheek, E., & Baig, M. K. (2008). The efficacy of diltiazem and
glyceryltrinitrate for the medical management of chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis.
International journal of colorectal disease, 23(1), 1-6.

15. Sajid, M. S., Whitehouse, P. A., Sains, P., & Baig, M. K. (2013). Systematic review of the
use of topical diltiazem compared with glyceryltrinitrate for the nonoperative management of
chronic anal fissure. Colorectal Disease, 15(1), 19-26.

16. Tsunoda, A., Kashiwagura, Y., Hirose, K. I., Sasaki, T., & Kano, N. (2012). Quality of life in
patients with chronic anal fissure after topical treatment with diltiazem. World Journal of
Gastrointestinal Surgery, 4(11), 251.

17. Gandomkar, H., Zeinoddini, A., Heidari, R., & Amoli, H. A. (2015). Partial lateral internal
sphincterotomy versus combined botulinum toxin A injection and topical diltiazem in the
treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum,
58(2), 228-234.
PHARMAHEALTHCONSULT STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

18. Sanei, B., Mahmoodieh, M., & Masoudpour, H. (2009). Comparison of topical glyceryl
trinitrate with diltiazem ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical
trial. Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 109(6), 727-730.

19. Ala, S., Saeedi, M., Hadianamrei, R., & Ghorbanian, A. (2012). Topical diltiazem vs. topical
glyceril trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective, randomized, double-
blind trial. Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica, 75(4), 438-442. [PDF Missing]

20. Hashmi, F., & Siddiqui, F. G. (2009). Diltiazem (2%) versus glyceryl trinitrate cream (0.2%)
in the management of chronic anal fissure. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 19(12), 750-3.

21. Bulus, H., Varol, N., Tas, A., & Coskun, A. (2013). Comparison of topical isosorbide
mononitrate, topical diltiazem, and their combination in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
Asian Journal of Surgery, 36(4), 165-169.

22. Arthur, J. D., Makin, C. A., El-Sayed, T. Y., Walsh, C. J., Soll, C., & Hahnloser, D. (2008).
A pilot comparative study of fissurectomy/diltiazem and fissurectomy/botulinum toxin in the
treatment of chronic anal fissure. Techniques in coloproctology, 12(4), 331-336.

23. Jonas, M., Speake, W., & Scholefield, J. H. (2002). Diltiazem heals glyceryl trinitrate–
resistant chronic anal fissures. Diseases of the colon & rectum, 45(8), 1091-1095.

24. Bhardwaj, R., & Parker, M. C. (2007). Modern perspectives in the treatment of chronic anal
fissures. The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 89(5), 472-478.

25. Arslan, K., Erenoğlu, B., Doğru, O., Kökçam, S., Turan, E., & Atay, A. (2012). Effect of
chronic anal fissure components on isosorbide dinitrate treatment. World journal of surgery,
36(9), 2225-2229.

26. Araujo, S. E., Sousa, M. M., Caravatto, P. P., Habr-Gamai, A., & Cecconello, I. (2010).
Early and late results of topical diltiazem and bethanechol for chronic anal fissure: a comparative
study. Hepato-gastroenterology, 57(97), 81-85. [PDF Missing]

27. [Espanol to English] Puche, J. J., García-Coret, M. J., Villalba, F. L., Ali-Mahmoud, I., &
Roig, J. V. (2010). Local treatment of a chronic anal fissure with diltiazem vs. nitroglycerin. A
comparative study. Cirugía Española (English Edition), 87(4), 224-230.

28. Shah, M., Sandler, L., Rai, V., Sharma, C., & Raghavan, L. (2013). Quality of compounded
topical 2% diltiazem hydrochloride formulations for anal fissure. World Journal of
Gastroenterology: WJG, 19(34), 5645.

29. Lindsey, I., Jones, O. M., Cunningham, C., & Mortensen, N. J. (2004). Chronic anal fissure.
British journal of surgery, 91(3), 270-279.
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30. Giridhar, C. M., Babu, P., & Rao, K. S. (2014). A comparative study of lateral
sphincterotomy and 2% diltiazem gel local application in the treatment of chronic fissure in ano.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(10), NC01.

31. Medhi, B., Prakash, A., Upadhyay, S., Xess, D., Yadav, T. D., & Kaman, L. (2011).
Comparison of observational and controlled clinical trials of diltiazem in the treatment of chronic
anal fissure. Indian Journal of Surgery, 73(6), 427-431.

32.Pardhan, A., Azami, R., Mazahir, S., & Murtaza, G. (2014). Diltiazem vs. glyceryl tri-nitrate
for symptomatic relief in anal fissure: a randomised clnical study. J Pak Med Assoc, 64(5), 510-
3.

33. Poh, A., Tan, K. Y., & Seow-Choen, F. (2010). Innovations in chronic anal fissure treatment:
A systematic review. World journal of gastrointestinal surgery, 2(7), 231.

34. Carapeti, E. A., Kamm, M. A., Evans, B. K., & Phillips, R. K. S. (1999). Topical diltiazem
and bethanechol decrease anal sphincter pressure without side effects. Gut, 45(5), 719-722.

35. Cross, K. L., Massey, E. J., Fowler, A. L., & Monson, J. R. T. (2008). The management of
anal fissure: ACPGBI position statement. Colorectal Dis, 10(Suppl 3), 1-7.

36. Nelson, R. (2004). A systematic review of medical therapy for anal fissure. Diseases of the
colon & rectum, 47(4), 422-431.

37. Medhi, B., Rao, R. S., Prakash, A., Prakash, O., Kaman, L., & Pandhi, P. (2008). Recent
advances in the pharmacotherapy of chronic anal fissure: an update. Asian journal of surgery,
31(3), 154-163.

38. Khan, M. S., Abar, I., Zeb, J., Ahmad, S., & Khan, A. (2017). Outcome of 0.2%
glyceryltrinitrate cream versus 2% diltiazem cream in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 29(2), 280-284.

39. Cevik, M., Boleken, M. E., Koruk, I., Ocal, S., Balcioglu, M. E., Aydinoglu, A., & Karadag,
C. A. (2012). A prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy of
diltiazem, glyceryl trinitrate, and lidocaine for the treatment of anal fissure in children. Pediatric
surgery international, 28(4), 411-416.

40. Motie, M. R., & Hashemi, P. (2016). Chronic anal fissure: a comparative study of medical
treatment versus surgical sphincterotomy. Acta Medica Iranica, 437-440.

41. Vaithianathan, R., & Panneerselvam, S. (2015). Randomised prospective controlled trial of
topical 2% diltiazem versus lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic fissure in
ano. Indian Journal of Surgery, 77(3), 1484-1487.
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42. Nordholm-Carstensen, A., Perregaard, H., Wahlstrøm, K. L., Hagen, K. B., Hougaard, H. T.,
& Krarup, P. M. (2020). Treatment of chronic anal fissure: a feasibility study on Levorag®
Emulgel versus Diltiazem gel 2%. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 35(4), 615-621.

43. Placer, C., Elósegui, J. L., Irureta, I., Mujika, J. A., Goena, I., & Enríquez, J. N. (2007).
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44. Abdelhady, H., Othman, I., Hablus, M., Ismail, T., Aboryia, M., & Selim, M. (2009). Long-
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45. Aziz, M., Kiani, F., & Qasmi, S. A. (2012). Comparison between lateral internal anal
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46. Altomare, D. F., Binda, G. A., Canuti, S., Landolfi, V., Trompetto, M., & Villani, R. D.
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47. Haq, Z., Rahman, M., Chowdhury, R. A., Baten, M. A., & Khatun, M. (2005). Chemical
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50. Dhawan, S., Medhi, B., & Chopra, S. (2009). Formulation and evaluation of diltiazem
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52. Alvandipour, M., Ala, S., Khalvati, M., Yazdanicharati, J., & Koulaeinejad, N. (2018).
Topical minoxidil versus topical diltiazem for chemical sphincterotomy of chronic anal fissure: a
prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. World journal of surgery, 42(7), 2252-2258.

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54. Ala, S., Enayatifard, R., Alvandipour, M., & Qobadighadikolaei, R. (2016). Comparison of
captopril (0.5%) cream with diltiazem (2%) cream for chronic anal fissure: a prospective
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56. Tavakoli-Dastjerdi, S., Motavasselian, M., Emami, S. A., Mansourian, M., Sahebkar, A., &
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