LESSON PLAN

Introduction:-

Lesson planning is an important planning of daily teaching he lesson plan might include the main
points to be covered in the lesson activities for the students to do, questions related to the topic
being taught and some form of assessment.

Definition:-

 According to N.S. Bossing: Lesson plan is the title given to a statement of achievement to
be realized and specific meaning by which these are to be attained as result of the
activities engaged during the period.
 According to Bining and Bining: Daily lesson planning involves defining the objectives,
selecting an arranging the subject matter and determining the method of procedure

Purpose:-

 It ensures a definite objective for the day’s work and a clear visualization of that
objective.
 It keeps the teacher on the track to ensure steady progress and a definite outcome of
teaching and learning procedures.
 It helps to clarify the ideas.
 Helps to review the subject and gives up to date knowledge.
 It helps the teacher to delimit the teaching.
 When it is well planned, interest of the student can be maintained
 Best technique to judge the outcomes of instruction.
 Provide guidelines for the teacher
 Provide sensible framework.

Prerequisites:-

 Good knowledge about the students interests, traits and abilities.

 Mastery over the subject matter.
 Adequate raining in the topic
 Ensures active pupil participation.
Essential of a lesson plan:-

 It should be written and should have clear aims

 Should cover the exact scope.
 It should contain the suitable subject matter
 Provides continuity in the teaching process.
 It should include summary assignments.

Significance of lesson plan:-

 In teaching –education program, the lesson in planning provides the guidelines to student
–teacher during their teaching practices.
 It helps in achieving the definite objective.
 Makes teaching systematic, orderly and economical.
 Helps teacher to overcome feeling of nervousness and insecurity and gives her
confidence to face the class.
 To link the new knowledge with previous knowledge acquired by student.
 To prepare pivotal question and illustration.
 Enables teacher to evaluate his work as lesson proceeds.

Teacher’s competence:-

 To use
-A wider variety of teaching materials and learning activities in the classroom through a
wider acquaintance with resources
-Courses of study more effectively as resource materials
 Ability to construct better lesson plans with the greatest economy of time
 Ability to make constructive preparation for cooperative planning of activities with pupils

Components:-

 Preparation of a subject matter

 Effective presentation
 Efforts of the participants

Steps:-

1. Preparation or introduction: exploration of the student’s knowledge which helps to lead

them on to the lesson. The teacher needs to prepare the students to receive new
knowledge.
 2. Presentation: aim of the lesson should be clearly stated before the presentation of the
subject matter, which helps both the teacher and the students to have a common pursuit.
3. Comparison or association: quote examples associate facts with two examples, so that
learners can understand very easily and arrive at generalizations on their own.
4. Generalizations: it involves reflective thinking. The knowledge which will be presented
by the teacher should be thought provoking, innovating and stimulating to assist the
students to generalize the situation.
5. Application: the students make use of the knowledge acquired in and at the same time
tests the validity of the generalization arrived at the students, whatever they have learnt in
the theory has to apply in clinical field to make learning more permanent and worthwhile.
6. Recapitulation: teacher has to ask suitable, stimulating and pivotal question to the
students on the topic. The answer will give feedback to the teacher regarding the efficacy
of the method of teaching clarification, etc are needed or not.

ELEMENTS OF GOOD DAILY PLANNING:-

Objectives :-

The plan should state clearly the outcome to be achieved including both central and contributory
objectives

The contributory objectives should be stated in terms of understandings.

Student-teacher centered objectives

 Student centered objectives

 Teacher centered objectives
General
Specific

Selection and organization of subject matter:-

1. Learning activities- the teacher chooses learning activities. It should be varied sufficiently
to allow for individual difference in the group.
2. Teaching activities – the teaching techniques which will ost directly help the tteacher
toobtain the objective should be used.
3. Type of illustrative materials- audio visual aids and instruction media
4. Assignments- the plan should use assignments to projects the immediate work in to the
next situation.
5. References – the teacher will have ready references to be used indirectly the students
assignments
6. Evaluation- some type of evaluation should be planned for each lesson.
 7. Format of lesson plan.
Title of the course, unit, topic, name of the student-teacher, duration, date and time,
place, students, method of teaching, audio-visual aids, previous background of trainees,
student-teacher objectives, general, specific.

TYPE OF LESSON PLAN:-

 Herbertian approach:-

He was a German philosopher. He has divided unit activities in to 5 steps

 Preparation
 Presentation
 Comparison and abstraction
 Generalization
 Application

Merits:-

1. Avoiding unnecessary repetition in teaching

2. It is simple and easily approach
3. It is logical and psychological
4. It is used in achieving the cognitive objective of teaching.
5. It assist in making teaching systematic.

Demerits:-

1. It is highly dominated by teacher.

2. There is more stress on teaching rather than on learning
3. It does not consider the learning structure in organizing teaching activities
4. The specific objectives are not written in behavior terms
5. The teaching activities are less meaningful and practical.

 Blooms approach:

Bloom’s consider education is a tripolar process.

Educational objectives
Learning objectives Change of behavior

Merits:-

1. The objectivesare written in behavioral terms

2. The teaching activities are related to learning structures
3. It makes the teaching purposeful and objectives-centered
4. It is based on psychological and scientific princilple

Demerits:-

1. Does not provide oppurtunity for creativity

2. It is highly structured

R.C.E.M. Approach:-

It consists of 3 aspects

 Input –It includes the identification of objectives

 Process – The main focus of the process is to create the learning situation.
 Output- Through output we get desirable behavioral change among students

Merits:-

 The teching skills can be developed during teaching

 The basic model of teaching can be used to learning
 Theoretical knowledge of teaching concepts can be applied.

Common problem in daily class planning:-

 Providing for emotionalized controls

 Providing for individual differences in abilities and interests.
 Providing integration of learning experiences
 Providing for the evaluation of outcomes
 Helping students towards independent study.
FORMAT

Lesson plan:

 Name of the student teacher :

 Programme :
 Subject :
 Topic :
 Date :
 Time :
 Language :
 A.v.aids :
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:

S.No. Time Specific Content Teacnig Learning Activity A.V. Aids Evaluation
Objective

Teaching Learning

2
Bibliography:-

 A Bbatt F.R, Teaching For Better Learning, 2nd Edition , WHO, Geneva 1992, P-183
 Neerja,K.P. Textbook Of Nursing Education, 1st Edition 20056, New Delhi, Jaypeee
Brrothers, P-214-220
 M, Narang, Technique Of Teaching, Volume 1st 2005, Anmol Publication, P-404-405
 Gailbert, J.J. Educational Handbook For Health Personnel, 6th Edition Pp 19-1.29
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesson_plan
 http://www.lessonplans4teachers.com/
 http://www.lessonplans.com/