10

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Agri-Fishery Arts
Agri
Animal Production
Productio
Poultry Raising - Chicken
Quarter 2 - Module 7
Providing Optimum Environment
for theLiBirds (1)
Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 10
Agri-Fishery Arts - Animal Production (Poultry Raising - Chicken)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Quarte 2 - Module 7: Providing Optimum Environment for the Birds (1)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Division of Bukidnon

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ryan S. Piamonte
Editors: Nanette D. Soriano, PhD, Grace T. Palahang
Teresita P. Mansueto, PhD
Reviewers: Mary Jane R. Cardente, PhD
Illustrator/ Layout Artist: Ryan S. Piamonte
Management Team:
Chairperson: Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Victor G. De Gracia Jr., PhD CESO V
Assistant Regional Director
Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV
Schools Division Superintendent
Shambaeh A. Usman, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS
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Members: Elbert R. Francisco, PhD, Chief ES, CID

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ii
 10
TECHNOLOGY A AND
L
LIVELIHOOD
EDUC
EDUCATION
Agri - Fishery Arts
Animal Production
Poultry Raising - Chicken
Quarter 2 - Module 7
Providing Optimum Environment
for the Birds (1)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
bukidnon@deped.gov.ph
bukidnon@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

recommendations

Department of Education•Republic
Education Republic of the Philippines
iii
What This Module Is About
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Agri–Fishery

Arts-Animal Production (Poultry Raising-Chicken) Grade 10 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Providing Optimum Environment for the
Birds (1)!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators from public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Students are the center of the
teaching–learning process. You are expected for a continuous follow-up and
assessment of students’ progress throughout the module/course.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they
do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learners and Parents:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Agri–Fishery

Arts-Animal Production (Poultry Raising-Chicken) Grade 10 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Providing Optimum Environment for the
Birds (1)!
This covers the development of the learner’s knowledge, skills, and
attitude required in performing food and beverage competencies.
iv
 This will be the source of information for you to acquire skills in this
particular competency to become a competent food service worker/manager
independently and at your own pace, with minimum
minimum supervision or help from
your instructor.

What I Need to Know

This module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 - Different Lighting Program
Program
  Lesson 2 – Ventilation and Curtain Management
Management

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Provide lighting program based on industry standards,
2. Augment ventilation during hot climatic conditions, and;
3. Manage curtain based on prevailing conditions.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives of this module, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meani meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I This will give you an idea of the skills or

Need to competencies you are expected to learn in the
Know module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the lesson
What I Know
to take. If you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip this module.
v
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.

What I Have This includes questions or blank

Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to

Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

vi
 The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
COVER PAGE i
COPYRIGHT PAGE ii
TITLE PAGE iii
INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
COMPETENCIES ix
WHAT I KNOW (Pre-test) ix

Lesson 1 Different Lighting Program

What I Need to Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New 2
What Is it? 3
What’s More? 9
What I Have Learned 10
What I Can Do? 11
Additional Activities 11

Lesson 2 Ventilation and Curtain Management

What I Need to Know 12

What’s In 12
What’s New 13
What Is it? 13
What’s More? 19
What I Have Learned 19
What I Can Do? 20
Additional Activities 20

ASSESSMENT (Post-test) 21
Answer Key 23
References 24

viii
 What I Need to Know

This module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 - Different Lighting Program
Program
  Lesson 2 – Ventilation and Curtain Management
Management

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Provide lighting program based on industry standards,
2. Augment ventilation during hot climatic conditions, and;
3. Manage curtain based on prevailing conditions.

What I Know (Pre-test)

Pre-test:
test: Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following lights has been used successfully in all types of
Poultry operations?
a. Compact Fluorescent Lighting( CFL) b. High Pressure sodium
(HPS)
c. Metal Halide (HL) d. Light Emitting Diode ( LED)
2. How frequent does light bulbs should be cleaned?
a. everyday b. twice a week
c. every week d. once in two weeks
3.. How would you design a lighting program?
a. complex b. tough
c. simple d. varied
4.. How many hours of day length should the chicks be exposed on their early
days (before 7 days)?
a. 21 hours /day b. 22 hours /day
c. 23 hours /day d. 24 hours /day
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5. In which wavelength in monochromatic light intensity, does the broiler
growth rate do better?
a. 415-560 nm( violet to green) b. >635 nm (red) or broad
spectrum (white)
c. 420-570 nm( violet to green) d. >640 nm (red)
6. What light intensity in foot candles will improve feeding activity of 0-7 days
old chicks?
a. 3-4 b. 5-6
c. 7-8 d. 8-9
7. Why are reflectors being used in chick caged?
a. for reflection of light b. for refraction of light
c. to increase light intensity d. to decrease light intensity
8. What type of ventilation that uses mechanical fans as aid for ventilations?
a. mechanical ventilation b. summer ventilation
c. winter ventilation d. window ventilation
9. Which ventilation is needed to expel air in your poultry house?
a. negative ventilation b. positive ventilation
c. zero ventilation d. neutral ventilation
10. A ventilator that expel or draw the air to regulate temperature.
a. fans b. curtains
c. controls d. inlet and outlets
11. It helps the fan to activate by monitoring the temperature or with time
interval.
a. fans b. curtains
c. thermostats d. inlet and outlets
12. A drop down system, including galvanized support pipe, pulley, nylon rope,
and winch to control the temperature.
a. fans b. curtains
c. controls d. inlet and outlets

x
13. What is the recommended temperature for a day old chick?
A.30-32 degrees Celsius b. 33-35 degrees Celsius
c. 36-38 degrees Celsius d. 39-40 degrees Celsius
14. What is the recommended air velocity in hot weather condition?
a. 0.1-0.2 m/s b. 0.2-0.3m/s
c. 0.4-0.5m/s d. 0.6-0.7 m/s
15. The environmental factor that is composed of mixed gases that affects the
performance of birds, cages, human poultry houses and environment at large.
a. fog b. smoke
c. air composition d. air velocity

Lesson
Different Lighting Program
1
What I Need to Know

This lesson provides you with the basic knowledge and principles
providing optimum environment for growing chicks based on industry
standards.

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learner is expected to:

1. Identify the major functions of light in chickens.
2. Differentiate the types of light in poultry.
3. Give a lighting program for chicks.

1
 What’s In

In your previous lessons, you have been able to remember this key
points!

Drinking water should be available to the birds 24 hours a day.

• Provide supplementary drinkers for the first four days of a flocks life.
• Monitor the feed to water ratio daily to check that water intake is sufficient.
• Make allowances for increased water consumption at high temperatures.
• Flush drinker lines in hot weather to ensure that the water is as cool as
possible.
• Adjust drinker heights daily.
• Provide adequate drinker space and ensure that drinkers are easily
accessible to all birds.

What’s New

Activity 1:: Vocabulary check!

How good is your vocabulary? Find out how many words you are
familiar with the next topic.
topic Write your answer in your activity notebook.
Ad libitum Light management photoperiod Luminous intensity

Wavelength Monochromatic light Foot candles Light

intensity metabolism physiology Flock

1. ______________ Feeding management through which flocks offered as

much food as they want.

2
2. ______________ The interval in a 24-hour
24 hour period during which a plant or
animal is exposed to light.
3. ______________. The distance between two successive crests or troughs
of a wave. It is measured in the direction of the wave.
4. ______________ It is a measure of the wavelength-weighted
weighted power emitted
by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid
angle, based on the luminosity function
function, a standardized
model of the sensitivity of the human eye
eye.
5. _____________ A single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum
spectrum, or by
a relatively narrow band of wavelengths.
6. _____________ One lumen per square foot is the set of life-sustaining
chemical reactions in organisms.
7.______________is
_is the set of life-sustaining
sustaining chemical
reactions in organisms
8. _____________
_ The manner in which lights are installed in the poultry
house.
9. _____________ It is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in
a living system
10. ____________ It is a large group of animals, especially birds, sheep, or
goats.

What is It

Lighting Program
Light is an important aspect of an animal’s environment. For chickens
there are three major functions of light:

1. To facilitate sight,

2. To stimulate internal cycles due to day-length

day length changes, and

3. To initiate hormone release.

3
 A lighting program should be simple in design. Complicated lighting
programs can be difficult to implement successfully. Lighting
recommendations are subject to local legislation and these should be taken
into account before starting a program.
Light is an important management technique in broiler production.
There are at least four important aspects:
• Wavelength (color).
• Intensity.
• Photoperiod length.
• Photoperiod distribution (intermittent programs).
Photoperiod length and distribution have interactive effects.
Many broiler growers use a lighting program that provides what is
essentially continuous lighting. This system consists of a long continuous light
period followed by a short dark period of 30–60 minutes. This short period of
dark is to allow birds to become accustomed to darkness should a power
failure occur. Continuous lighting has, in the past, been assumed to help
maximize daily live-weight gain; but this assumption is not correct. Exposure
to darkness influences bird productivity, health, hormonal profiles, metabolic
rate, heat production, metabolism, physiology and behavior. Recent
information indicates that darkness exposure:
• Reduces early growth (but there may be later compensatory growth
that can enable birds to catch up to equal target market weights; but only if
the duration of darkness is not excessive. For broilers processed at low body
weights (e.g. <3.5 lbs.) compensatory growth may not be achieved due to
insufficient grow-out time).
• Improves feed efficiency due to reduced metabolism during darkness
and/or a change in the growth curve (i.e. a more concave growth curve).
• Improves bird health by reducing sudden death syndrome (SDS),
ascites and skeletal disorders.
• Affects carcass yield with:
– A decrease in the proportion of breast meat.
– An increase in the proportion of leg portions.

4
 – An unpredictable change (more, or less, or none) in abdominal fat.

All lighting programs should provide for a long day length such as 23
hours light and one hour dark in the early stages of growth to seven days of
age. This ensures chicks have good feed intake. Reducing day length too
soon will reduce feeding activity and depress seven-day body weight.
When comparing various wavelengths of monochromatic light at the
same light intensity, broiler growth rate appears to be better when exposed to
wavelengths of 415-560 nm (violet to green) than in those exposed to >635
nm (red) or broad spectrum (white) light
A light intensity of three to four foot candles from 0–7 days of life and
0.5–1.0 foot candles thereafter will improve feeding activity and growth. The
intensity of light should be uniformly distributed throughout the house
(reflectors placed on top of lights can improve the distribution of light).
A light intensity of at least two foot candles during the light period must
be provided at all ages.
To attain a state of darkness, a light intensity of less than 0.04-foot
candles should be achieved during the dark period. During darkness
exposure, take care to avoid light seepage through air inlets, fan housings
and door frames. Conduct regular tests to check the effectiveness of light
proofing.
All birds should have equal, free and ad libitum access to nutritionally
adequate feed and water as soon as the lights are switched on
Broilers will adapt their feeding behavior in response to reduced day
length. For example, a change in day length from 24 to 12 hours of light will
initially cause chicks to reduce feed intake by 30–40% during the first three
days. However, as soon as eight days later, the reduction in feed intake can
be less than 10%. Broilers change their pattern of feeding in the light period
by filling their crops in anticipation of the dark period. When the lights come
back on they will do the same again. Birds sent for slaughter at younger ages
have less time to adapt their eating and drinking behaviors in response to
darkness exposure than do those slaughtered at correspondingly older ages.

5
Thus, the effects of darkness exposure on live performance are more
pronounced in broilers slaughtered at younger ages.

Lighting program guidance based on slaughter weight target is

provided below.
Table 1: Basic Light Intensity and Photoperiod Recommendations to
Optimize Live Performances.
Live Weight at Age Intensity Day Length
Slaughter (Days) Foot Candles (Hours)
Less than 5.5 lbs. 0-7 3-4 23 light 1 dark
8-3 days 0.5-1.0 20 light 4 dark
Before slaughter
0-7 3-4 23 light 1 dark
8-3 days 0.5-1.0 18 light 6 dark
Before slaughter

Types of light

 Incandescent –bulbs produce light by passing an electric current

through a tungsten filament, heating it to incandescence. These lamps
provide light energy over the entire visible spectrum, however much of
the electrical energy is converted to heat energy as infrared. They have
a light efficiency of about 8 -24 lumens per watt and a rated life of
about 750-2000 hours. A tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp will last
about 3000 hours with an efficiency of about 20 lumens per watt.

 Fluorescent – 3 to 4 times more efficient than incandescent bulbs; 10

times longer life than incandescent bulb. All fluorescent lamps require a
ballast. The CF lamps have been used successfully in all types of
poultry operations, including caged layers, breeder flocks, growing
broilers growing pullets and turkeys.

6
 Mercury vapor – Long life (24,000 hrs.); requires several minutes to
warm up; cannot be used in houses with low ceilings.

 Compact Fluorescent (CF) Lighting – More energy efficient. One-fifth

energy of fluorescent light is needed to provide same light intensity
(lumen)

 High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps discharge an electric arc through

a concentrated sodium vapor producing energy across the entire
visible spectrum, but with the highest intensity in the yellow, orange
and red regions. These lamps have been used successfully in poultry
facilities, mostly in breeder houses and turkey facilities, with peaked
roofs so that light distribution is more easily controlled (Andrews and
Zimmerman, 1990).

 Metal Halide (MH) lamps have ratings from 32 to 1500 watts and come
in three different outer bulb finishes, clear, phosphor coated and
diffuse. The MH lamps emit light across the entire visible spectrum, but
are considered a cool light, having a lot of blue. They have efficiencies
of about 80 to 100 lumens per watt and are rated at about 10,000 to
20,000 hours of life. These lamps also have a warm up period of
between 5 and 15 minutes to achieve full illumination.

 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) have been used for many applications
where long life and reliability are required.

 The LED arrays are relatively expensive, but are getting less expensive
all the time. They are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons
in a semiconductor material, and they last just as long as a standard
transistor. Newer AC driven lamps are now becoming available.

7
 Table Light Sources and Their Efficiencies

Lamp Type Efficiency

Lumens per Watt

Incandescent 10-20
Mercury Vapor 20-60
Fluorescent 40-100
Meta Halide 50-110
High Pressure Sodium 50-140
Compact Fluorescent
Light Emitting Diode ( LED) 75-120

Light management
The manner in which lights are installed in the poultry house has a role
on their efficiency. Some of the important points regarding fixing bulbs in
poultry houses are,

 The distance between bulbs should be 1½ times the distance from the
bulb to the bird level.

 The distance from the bulbs to the outer edges of the house should be
only ½ the distance between bulbs.

 In cage system, the bulbs should be placed in such a way that their
rays fall on the feed and on the birds.

 Clean reflectors increase the light intensity at bird level by 50%,

compared with no reflector.

 Avoid cone shape reflectors since they confine the light rays to limited
area. Better to use flat type reflector with rounded edge.

 In case of deep litter system, the bulb is to be placed at 7-8’ height

whereas in cage house, keep in aisle.

 Avoid hanging bulbs by a cord in open houses

 Very dirty bulbs emit about 1/3 less light than clean bulbs.

 Light bulbs should be cleaned once in two weeks.

8
 What’s More

Direction. On a separate bond paper and your pencil, draw the types of light.
You can use any resources as your guide.

Types of light

 Incandescent –bulbs produce light by passing an electric current

through a tungsten filament, heating it to incandescence.

 Fluorescent – 3 to 4 times more efficient than incandescent bulbs; 10

times longer life than incandescent bulb. All fluorescent lamps require a
ballast.

 Mercury vapor – Long life (24,000 hrs); requires several minutes to

warm up; cannot be used in houses with low ceilings.

 Compact Fluorescent (CF) Lighting – More energy efficient. One-fifth

energy of fluorescent light is needed to provide same light intensity
(lumen)

 High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps discharge an electric arc through

a concentrated sodium vapor producing energy across the entire
visible spectrum, but with the highest intensity in the yellow, orange
and red regions.

 Metal Halide (MH) lamps have ratings from 32 to 1500 watts and come
in three different outer bulb finishes, clear, phosphor coated and
diffuse.

 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) have been used for many applications
where long life and reliability are required.

9
 What I Have Learned

These are the things to ponder!

 Keep it simple.
 Continuous, or near continuous, lighting is not optimal.
 Chicks up to seven days of age should have 23 hours light (three to
four foot candles) and one hour dark.
 After seven days of age a period of darkness of four hours or more (but
never more than six hours) is likely to be beneficial.
 The hours of darkness chosen
chosen will depend upon circumstances and
market requirement.
 Many aspects of production management interact with the lighting
program and modify the effects of lighting
ing pattern on bird performance
performance.

What I Can Do

I. GUIDED TASK

Identification
Directions: Give what is ask in every item/s. use your activity notebook.

Birds will drink (1) _______ (more, less) water at higher ambient
temperatures. Water requirement (2) ______ (increases
(increases, decreases) by
approximately 6.5% per 2 degrees Fahrenheit over
ov 70°F. In areas with high
temperatures will (3) ______
(reduce / decrease) daily water consumption. Water requirement will (4) ____
(vary, be) with feed consumption. Very cold or very warm water will also (5)
______ (double, reduce)
reduce water intake.

10
 Additional Activities

Collect pictures used in poultry farming and identify each.

Rubrics for art work.
Criteria
5 3 1
6-7 collected pictures 4-5 collected pictures Less than 3 collected
Quantity of
drawing
6-7 pictures related to 4-5 pictures related Less than 3 pictures
Relevance the topic to the topic related to the topic

All pictures presented 4-5 pictures Less than 3 pictures

Presentation are identified presented are presented are
identified identified

11
 Lesson
Ventilation and Curtain
2 Management

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you improve your awareness during animal farm operation. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook
you are now using.

This lesson provides you the knowledge how to give a chick the best
atmosphere in order to provide the farmer the best produce in poultry
industry.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is expected to:

1. augment
ugment ventilation during hot climatic conditions;

2. manage
anage curtains based on prevailing conditions;
conditions and

3. enumerate
numerate necessary ideas for poultry ventilation.

What’s In

In your previous lessons, you learned how provide different lighting

program based on industry standards. As you proceed, this topic will guide
you how to manage curtain and ventilation based on different conditions
conditions.

This lesson will help you broaden your knowledge on ventilating chicks
to lessen the mortality rate of your livestock.

12
 What’s New

This lesson provides you with the basic knowledge on how your curtain
and ventilation are being handled during hot climatic condition and other
prevailing conditions. So, be ready to answer the following questions:
1. What are the basic cooling system over the massive number of birds?
2. How are we going to regulate such circumstances?

What is It

Ventilation

Ventilation is the intentional introduction of outdoor air to provide the

chicks of proper oxygen. A good ventilation system must have an adequate
supply of air to the building and an adequate air distribution system inside the
building. The prevailing wind
wind direction, building orientation and site features
control air availability.
availability. With our tropical climatic condition, it is necessary to
provide a proper airways to your poultry farm.
Some types of ventilations that is commonly used:

1. Winter ventilation-
ventilatio systems for cold weather are closely tight for
comfort and to save energy. Tight enclosures trap the gases, odors,
humidity, etc. that must be dealt with continuously for the health of the
chicks.
2. Summer ventilation-
ventilation a natural air system is used for war
warm weather
with the aid of side curtains.
3. Mechanical ventilation system-
system the use of electric fans as primary
ventilators to exchange air. The three distinct types: (1)negative
pressure, (2) positive pressure and (3)neutral pressure system
a. Negative pressure system- fans are arrange to expel air from
the building.
b. Positive pressure system-
system fans are arrange to pull air into the
building.
c. Neutral
eutral pressure system-
system it has both an exhaust fan and an inlet
fan, which create a zero or neutral pressure difference bet
between
the inside and outside.
outside

13
 https://afs.ca.uky.edu/files/chapter7.pdf
This illustration show how the air pressure is being regulated
August 1, 2020

Mixing of Ventilation Air

Simply passing air through the building does not ensure

ensure proper
ventilation.. Proper ventilation introduces fresh air uniformly, mixes it well with
house air and circulates it properly through the house

https://thepoultrysite.com/articles/key
https://thepoultrysite.com/articles/key-factors-for-poultry-house-ventilation
ventilation
CHICK HOUSE
Ventilation air must be mixed properly to prevent hot spots and dead air pockets
pockets.
August 1, 2020

If old air is allowed to flow into a warm area without direction or

velocity, it will cause fog and/or create draughts on the birds. In the summer
the air must be given controlled direction to ensure uniform air distribution and
prevent ‘dead air’ pockets

14
 Place fans near the ceiling down the center of the house and on the
extreme ends of the house to circulate and mix the air. The fans mix the air
within the house to prevent warmer air from remaining near the ceiling.

The supplemental heat requirements for broiler housing vary with the
insulation level, ventilation rates, outdoor temperatures and management
practices. The addition of supplemental heat allows the operator to maintain
desired temperature levels during cold weather and while the birds are young.

Mixing and circulating the air in enclosed houses during cold weather
utilizes heat generated by the birds to reduce supplemental heat requirements
and keep litter dry.

Classes of Ventilators
1. Fans- It is used either to push or pull the air. The positioning of the
blades of the fan is essential to achieve the specific purpose.

https://www.china-chickencage.com/equipment/poultry-farm-ventilation/
August 1, 2020

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2. Inlets and outlets- The rate of air exchange is determined by the fans
but the uniformity of air distribution depends primarily on the location,
design and adjustment of the air inlets.

https://www.farmingport.com/ensure-ventilation-poultry-farm-chicken-house/
August 1, 2020

3. Thermostats - Fans are usually controlled by thermostats or

thermostats in combination with interval timers. A single stage
thermostat will control one or more single speed fans by activating the
fan when the temperature rises and stopping it when the air
temperature drops to a selected level.

https://www.hogslat.com/thermostats-temperature-sensors-and-probes
August 1, 2020

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 4. Curtains- Curtain system is drop down system, including galvanized
support pipe, pulley, nylon rope, curtain and winch. Curtain system is
designed for open poultry houses in high temperature districts.

http://mohantarpindia.blogspot.com/2019/01/the-best-poultry-curtain-supplier-in.html
August 1, 2020

Curtain management

The poultry curtain was designed to control different environmental and

internal factors. With this part of your poultry farm, you can decide either to lift
or to drop down your curtain based on the following affecting factors below:

FACTORS CONDITIONS

The recommended temperature for a day old chick

is 30-32 degrees Celsius. The temperature should
Temperature
be decrease by 3-4 degrees Celsius till the chicks
are 4 weeks old.

High internal temperature can be controlled to an

extent by varying the air velocity within the poultry
house. Also, Air velocity plays an important role in
convectional cooling and the regulation of air
Air velocity quality. In hot climatic regions, it is recommended
that the ventilation capacity should be at least

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 “5m3 per chicken per hour, with inlets amounting to
1.5cm2 per m3 ventilation. The air velocity (0.1–
0.2 m/s) could be maintained if the temperature
remains within 25–30°C.

The internal temperature above 26.7°C combined

with high relative humidity adversely affected the
feed efficiency, feathering, pigmentation, and
weight gain of chicken. Furthermore, at internal
Relative humidity temperature range of 35–37.8°C the birds’
performances were poor regardless of the change
in relative humidity. This means higher humidity
can improve the performance of the birds at lower
temperature.

The decomposition of bird’s fecal material

produces unpleasant and polluted gases, which
include ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and
hydrogen sulphide. These gases are of particular
interest because of their adverse effects on the
Air composition
performance of birds, cages, human poultry houses
and the environment at large. for optimum
production for chicken a concentration level of
25 ppm and not more than 2500 ppm for ammonia
and carbon dioxide was recommended.

The continuous lighting program with a minimum

light intensity of 20 lux at 2 foot candle is
recommended at post-hatch stage (1–3 days old)
Lighting to help the chick adapt to their environment and aid
feeding and 5 lux at 0.5 foot candles for 4-19 day
old chicks.

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 What’s More
Identification
Direction: Identifyy what is called for.
for Use a separate sheet of paper for
your answer.
_____________________
_________________ 1. The amount of water in the atmosphere
atmosphere.
_____________________
_________ 2. Composed of different type of gases that
accumulates inside the poultry..
_____________________ 3. The brightness needed
ed by the chick in your
poultry house.
_____________________ 4. The hotness or coldness of the atmosphere in
your poultry house.
_____________________ 5. The speed how the wind blows towards the
poultry.

What I Have Learned

Identification
Direction: Complete
lete each sentence by identifying the correct word. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The recommended temperature for a day old chick is _____ degrees
Celsius.
2. Fans are usually
usuall controlled by ________or in combination with intinterval
timers.
3. Summer ventilation is a natural air system is used for ______weather
with the aid of side curtains.
4. The continuous lighting program with a minimum light intensity of -
___ lux at 2 foot candle is recommended at post-hatch
post hatch stage (1
(1–3 days
old)) to help the chick adapt to their environment
5. Simply passing air through the building does not ensu ensure proper -
__________.

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Answer the question briefly and

and concisely and write your answer in
a separate sheet of paper.
At our climatic condition, illustrate and discuss proper ventilation for our
poultry farm. Your output will be rated based on the scoring rubric
below.

Rubrics for
Rubrics for Essay Illustration
Very informative and
4 Expert 20pts Very informative and well- easily
organized understood
3 Accomplished Somewhat informative
18pts Somewhat informative and and
Organized understandable
Gives some
2 Capable 16pts Gives some information but information but
poorly organized poorly organized
Gives no new
1 Beginner 15pts Gives no new information and information
and very poorly
very poorly organized organized

Additional Activities

Essay:: In a separate sheet of paper, explain the following briefly but

concisely. (5 points) You will be rated based on the scoring rubric below.
1. What are the important things to remember when ventilating your poultry
house?

Rubrics for Drawing

Provides more than 3 ideas 15pts
Provides 3 more ideas 14pts
Provides 2 more ideas 13pts
Gives no new information 12pts

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 Assessment

Post-test:: Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate
te sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following lights has been used successfully in all types of
Poultry operations?
a. Compact Fluorescent Lighting( CFL) b. High Pressure sodium (HPS)
c. Metal Halide (HL) d. Light Emitting Diode( LED)
2.. How frequent does light bulbs should be cleaned?
a. everyday b. twice a week
c. every week d. once in two weeks
3.. How many hours of day length should the chicks be exposed on their early
days( before 7 days)?
a. 21 hours /day b. 22 hours /day
c. 23 hours /day
/da d. 24 hours /day
4.. How would you design a lighting program?
a. complex b. tough
c. simple d. varied
5.. In which wavelength in monochromatic light intensity, does the broiler growth
rate do better?
a. 415-560
560 nm( violet to green) b. >635 nm (red) or broad
spectrum (white)
c. 420-570
570 nm( violet to green) d. >640 nm (red)
6.. What light intensity in foot candles will improve feeding activity of 0
0-7 days
old chicks?
a. 3-4 b. 5-6
c. 7-8 d. 8-9
7.. Why are reflectors being used in chick caged?
a. for reflection of light b. for refraction of light
c. to increase light intensity d. to decrease
ease light intensity

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8. What type of ventilation that uses mechanical fans as aid for ventilations?
a. mechanical ventilation b. summer ventilation
c. winter ventilation d. window ventilation
9. Which ventilation is needed to expel air in your poultry house?
a. negative ventilation b. positive ventilation
c. zero ventilation d. neutral ventilation
10. It helps the fan to activate by monitoring the temperature or with time
interval.
a. fans b. curtains
c. thermostats d. inlet and outlets
11. A ventilator that expel or draw the air to regulate temperature.
a. fans b. curtains
c. controls d. inlet and outlets
12. A drop down system, including galvanized support pipe, pulley, nylon rope,
and winch to control the temperature.
a. fans b. curtains
c. controls d. inlet and outlets
13. What is the recommended temperature for a day old chick?
A.30-32 degrees Celsius b. 33-35 degrees Celsius
c. 36-38 degrees Celsius d. 39-40 degrees Celsius
14. The environmental factor that is composed of mixed gases that affects the
performance of birds, cages, human poultry houses and environment at large.
a. fog b. smoke
c. air composition d. air velocity
15. What is the recommended air velocity in hot weather condition?
a. o.1-0.2 m/s b. 0.2-0.3m/s
c. 0.4-0.5m/s d. 0.6-0.7 m/s

22
Answer key

23
References

Internet References

http://tiny.cc/3pymsz
http://tiny.cc/8pymsz
http://tiny.cc/9pymsz
http://tiny.cc/cpymsz
http://tiny.cc/hpymsz
https://afs.ca.uky.edu/files/chapter7.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_color
https://thepoultrysite.com/articles/lighting-for-poultry-housing
http://www.hb-poultrysystem.com/automatic-curtain-system-for-poultry-
farming.html?fbclid=IwAR0HNaHmQRiBJ-
XSchPVDaKRjqvKHsu5DgZ_7GHVmvl67kS3nHykIK61Z3c

Image References

https://afs.ca.uky.edu/files/chapter7.pdf
https://thepoultrysite.com/articles/key-factors-for-poultry-house-ventilation
https://www.china-chickencage.com/equipment/poultry-farm-ventilation/
https://www.farmingport.com/ensure-ventilation-poultry-farm-chicken-house/
https://www.hogslat.com/thermostats-temperature-sensors-and-probes
http://mohantarpindia.blogspot.com/2019/01/the-best-poultry-curtain-supplier-
in.html

24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon

Office Address: Fortich Street, Sumpong Malaybalay City
Telefax: (088) 813-3634
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph
Website: depedbukidnon.net.ph

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