EET308 Tutorial: Symmetrical Fault 2/4/2013

1. The system shown in Figure 1 is initially on no load with the generators operating at their rated
voltage with their emfs in phase. The rating of the generators and the transformers and their respective
percent reactances are marked on the diagram. All resistances are neglected. The line impedance is j160
Ω. A 3 phase balanced fault occurs at the receiving end of the transmission line. Determine the short-
circuit current.

2. The one-line diagram of a simple power system is shown in Figure 2. Each generator is represented by
an emf behind the transient reactance. All impedances are expressed in per unit on a common MVA
base. All resistance and shunt capacitances are neglected. The generators are operating on no load at
their rated voltage with their emfs in phase. A 3-phase fault occurs at bus 1 through a fault impedance
of Zf = j0.08 p.u.

a) Using Thevenin’s theorem, obtain the impedance to the point of fault and the fault current in p.u.

b) Determine the bus voltages and line currents during fault.

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EET308 Tutorial: Symmetrical Fault 2/4/2013

3. The one-line diagram of a simple 3 phase power system is shown in Figure 3. Each generator is
represented by an emf behind the subtransient reactance. All impedance are expressed in per unit on a
common MVA base. All resistances and shunt capacitances are neglected. The generators are operating
on no load at their rated voltage with their emfs in phase. A 3 phase fault occurs at bus 3 through a
rated impedance of Zf = j0.19 per unit.

a) Using Thevenin’s theorem, obtain the impedance to the point of fault and the fault current in
p.u

b) Determine the bus voltages and line currents during fault.

4. For the power system shown in Figure 4, calculate the following for solid 3-phase fault on bus 3: (use
Thevenins’ and Zbus methods)

a) fault current

b) Vf1 and Vf2

c) If12, If13 and If23

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EET308 Tutorial: Symmetrical Fault 2/4/2013

5. For the system below(Figure 5), find the symmetrical currents to be interrupted by circuit breakers A
and B for a fault at (i) P and (ii) Q. The characteristics of this system are same with Example 4 (in your
notes).

Figure 5

6. For the system in the Figure 6 below, the ratings of the various components are:

Generator: 25 MVA, 12.4 kV, 10% subtransient reactance.

Motor: 20 MVA, 3.8 kV, 15% subtransient reactance.

Transformer T1: 25 MVA, 11/33 kV, 8 % reactance

Transformer T2: 20 MVA, 33/3.3 kV, 10 % reactance

Line: 20 ohms reactance

The system is loaded so that the motor is drawing 15 MW at 0.9 loading power factor, the motor
terminal voltage being 3.1 kV. Find the subtransient current in generator and motor for a fault at
generator bus.

[Hint: Assume a suitable voltages base for generator. The voltage base for transformers, line and motor
would then be given by the transformation ratios. For example, if you choose generator voltage base as
11 kV, the line voltage base is 33 kV and motor voltage base is 3.3 kV. Per unit reactances are calculated
accordingly].

Figure 6

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EET308 Tutorial: Symmetrical Fault 2/4/2013

7. The system shown in Figure 7 below, is delivering 50 MVA at 11 kV, 0.8 lagging power factor into a
bus which may be regarded as infinite. Particulars of various system components are:

Generators: 60 MVA, 12 kV, Xd’ = 0.35 p.u.

Transformer (each): 80 MVA, 12/66 kV, X = 0.08 p.u.

Line: reactance 12 ohms, resistance negligible.

Calculate the symmetrical current that the circuit breakers A and B will be called upon to interrupt in the
event of a three-phase fault occurring at F near the circuit breaker B.

Figure 7

8. A two generator station supplies a feeder through a bus as shown in the figure below. Additional
power is fed to the bus through a transformer from a large system which may be regarded as infinite.
A reactor X is included between the transformer and the bus to limit the SC rupturing capacity of the
feeder circuit breaker B to 333 MVA (fault close to breaker). Find the inductive reactance of the
reactor required. System data are:

Generator G1: 25 MVA, 15% reactance

Generator G2: 50 MVA, 20% reactance

Transformer T1: 100 MVA, 8% reactance

Transformer T2: 40 MVA, 10% reactance

Assume that all reactances are given on appropriate voltage bases. Choose a base of 100 MVA.

Figure 8

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EET308 Tutorial: Symmetrical Fault 2/4/2013

9. Consider the 3-bus system in Figure 9 below. The generators are 100 MVA, with transient reactance
10% each. Both of transformers are 100 MVA with the leakage reactance of 5%. The reactance of each
of the lines to a base of 100 MVA, 110 kV is 10%. Obtain the short circuit solution for a 3-phase solid
short circuit on bus 3. Use Zbus method.

Assume prefault voltages to be 1.0 pu and prefault currents to be zero.

Figure 9

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EET308 Tutorial: Symmetrical Fault 2/4/2013

10. Consider a 3-bus test system shown in Figure 10 and the characteristics are given in Table 1. You are
requested to study the following matters. If a 3-phase fault occurs at bus 1, calculate:

(a) the subtransient current at point of fault by using Z-bus method (in Ampere)
(b) line currents during fault
(c) bus voltages during fault
(d) line to line voltages during fault

Assume that the system is operating on no load when the fault occurs. Consider 50 MVA as system base
and all answers must be at least in 3 decimals.

G1 T1 1 3
Xr A TL12

T3

G3
G2 T2 2
TL23 B

Figure 10

Table 1

MVA
Component Voltage (kV) X” X2 XO Xr
Rating
Generator G1 50 11 20% 20% 25% 2.5 Ω
Generator G2 50 11 18% 18% 25% -
Generator G3 40 6.6 17% 17% 25% -
Transformer T1 40 11/66 10% 10% 10% -
Transformer T2 40 66/11 10% 10% 10% -
Transformer T3 30 66/6.6 8% 8% 8% -
Transmission
Line, 40 66 15% 15% 15% -
TL12 & TL23