Puput Ade Irawan – Junior Auditor

1. Mike O'Sullivian, The end of globalization (and the beginning of

something new)
Globalization Index that introduced in the CSRI ‘Success of Small
Countries Report’ by creating a Multipolarity Index and incorporate
these into a Globalization Clock, which captures the world in terms of
globalization as a phenomenon and multipolarity as a state of the world.
analysis of trends in the financial, governance, economic and corporate
spheres, help to quantify the extent to which the world is more
globalized or multipolar. Our sense is that the world is currently in a
benign transition from full globalization to multipolar state, though this
is not complete. definitions of, objections to, and perspectives on
globalization span many fields. In many cases, it is not easy to identify
whether specific problems arise as a result of globalization, or indeed if
globalization simply exacerbates them. Measuring globalization and in
particular the causality of its effects is difficult, though perhaps the least
problematic aspect of analyzing globalization is to measure its economic
effects.
2. What given a dollar bill its value?
The value of a sheet of paper with an exchange value, money can
be exchanged for food but money cannot be eaten or burned, when it is
burned there will be a problem of lawlessness. One hundred dollar
banknotes are printed by the government and designated as the official
currency, which is what makes them legal. On the other hand, what
makes a hundred dollar bill worth is how much or how little. Monetary
policy is set by the Federal Reserve System, or Fed, which is made up of
12 regional banks in major cities across the country. Its board of
governors, appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate,
reports to Congress, and all Fed profits go to the US Treasury. But in
order to keep the Fed unaffected by day-to-day political changes, it is not
under the direct control of any branch of government. If the total amount
of currency in circulation increases faster than the total value of goods
and services in the economy, then each share will be able to buy a
fraction of those goods than before. This is called inflation. Conversely, if
the money supply remains the same while more goods and services are
produced, each dollar's value will increase in a process called deflation.
The Fed uses a large amount of economic data to determine how much
currency should be in circulation, including the previous rate of inflation.
international trends, and unemployment rates. The Fed determines not
only how much paper is in your wallet, but also your chances of finding
or keeping the job where you found it.
3. what is consiousness?
 A stroke survivor can damage the right side of his brain, making
him oblivious to everything on his left side. The brain is still processing
information from its entire field of vision, can see the two images and
differentiate between the two, and doesn't know it. If someone throws
the ball to his left, he will probably duck. But he won't notice the ball, or
know why he's lowering his head. A condition known as hemispacial
neglect, reveals an important difference between the brain's information
processing and our experience of that processing. That experience is
what we call consciousness. We are aware of the outside world and our
internal self, we are aware of a picture in the same way we are aware of
ourselves seeing a picture, or our inner thoughts and emotions. But
where does consciousness come from? Scientists, theologians, and
philosophers have tried to answer this question for centuries without
reaching any consensus, one of the important ways the brain processes
information from our senses. Based on sensory input, he builds models,
which are constantly updating, simplified descriptions of objects and
events in the world. Everything we know is based on this model. They
never grasp every detail of the things they describe, just enough for the
brain to determine an appropriate response.
4. Whats causes hallucinations?
A condition known as Charles Bonnet Syndrome, in which a patient
with visual impairment or total blindness suddenly hallucinates the
entire scene in bright colors. These hallucinations appear suddenly, and
can last only a few minutes or recur for years. We still don't fully
understand what causes them to come and go, or why certain patients
develop them when others don't. We know from fMRI studies that these
hallucinations activate the same areas of the brain as vision, areas that
are not activated by imagination. Many other hallucinations, including
smell, sight, and sound, also involve the same areas of the brain as actual
sensory experiences. Because of this, the cerebral cortex is thought to
play a role in hallucinations. This thin layer of gray matter covers the
entire cerebrum, with various areas that process information from each
of our senses. But even in people with completely undisturbed senses,
the brain constructs the world we perceive from incomplete
information. For example, our eyes have a blind spot where the optic
nerve blocks part of the retina. When the visual cortex processes light
into a coherent image, it fills these blind spots with information from the
surrounding area. Sometimes, we may see mistakes, but often we are not
the wiser. When the visual cortex loses input from the eye, even
temporarily, the brain still tries to create a coherent picture, but its
limits are much clearer. The massive hallucinations from Charles
Bonnet's Syndrome are one example. Because Charles Bonnet Syndrome
only occurs in people who have normal vision and then lose sight, not
those who are born blind, scientists think the brain uses the memorized
images to compensate for a lack of new visual input. Apart from sensory
 deficiencies, recreational and therapeutic drugs, conditions such as
epilepsy and narcolepsy, and psychiatric disorders such as
schizophrenia, are some of the many known causes of hallucinations,
and we are still discovering new ones.
5. Design with the blind in mind
A condition known as Charles Bonnet Syndrome, when a blind or
totally blind patient suddenly hallucinates the entire scene in bright
colors. These hallucinations appear suddenly, and can only last a few
minutes or recur for years. hallucinations activate the same areas of the
brain as vision, areas that are not activated by imagination. Many other
hallucinations, including smell, sight, and sound, also involve the same
areas of the brain as actual sensory experiences. Because of this, the
cerebral cortex is thought to play a role in hallucinations. This thin layer
of gray matter covers the entire cerebrum, with various areas that
process information from each of our senses. But even in people with
completely undisturbed senses, the brain constructs the world we
perceive from incomplete information. For example, our eyes have a
blind spot where the optic nerve blocks part of the retina. When the
visual cortex processes light into a coherent image, it fills these blind
spots with information from the surrounding area. At times, we may see
mistakes, but often we are not wise. When the visual cortex loses input
from the eye, even temporarily, the brain still tries to create a coherent
picture, but the boundaries are much clearer. Charles Bonnet syndrome
only occurs in people who have normal vision and then lose sight, not
those who are born blind, scientists think the brain uses memorized
images to compensate for a lack of new visual input. Apart from sensory
deficiencies, recreational and therapeutic drugs, conditions such as
epilepsy and narcolepsy, and psychiatric disorders such as
schizophrenia, are some of the known causes of hallucinations, and we
are still discovering new causes.
6. What would happen if you didnt sleep?
Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep each night, and
teenagers need about ten. drowsiness because signals from the body tell
our brain that we are tired, and signals from the environment that tell us
it's dark outside. Increased sleep-inducing chemicals, such as adenosine
and melatonin, make us fall asleep deeper, causing our breathing and
heart rate to slow down and our muscles to relax. Staying awake can
cause serious bodily injury. During sleep deprivation, learning, memory,
mood and reaction time are affected. Lack of sleep can also cause
inflammation, hallucinations, high blood pressure, and has even been
linked to diabetes and obesity. cells in the body are busy using our day's
energy sources, which are broken down into various by-products,
including adenosine. When adenosine builds up, it increases the desire
to sleep, which is also known as sleep pressure. Caffeine works by
blocking adenosine receptor pathways. Other waste products also build
up in the brain, and if not cleaned, they collectively overload the brain
and are thought to cause many of the negative symptoms of sleep
deprivation.