ASSIGNMENT NO 3

SUBJECT:
Internet Architecture & Protocol

SUBMITTED BY:
Sidra Munawar…….18661556-030
Tayyab Ijaz……………18661556-031
Arooj Sajjad……………18661556-052
Haider raja…………….18661556-056

SUBMITTED TO:
Mam Sara Sarwar

SECTION:
BS 18 (A)

DEPARTMENT:
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED DATE: 17-12-2020

 What is point to point protocol?

In computer networking, point-to-point protocol is a Data link layer communications
protocol between two routers directly without any host or any other networking in
between. It can provide connection authentication, transmission encryption, and
compression.
 Description of point to point protocol:
 PPP is used over many types of physical networks, including serial
cable, phone line, trunk line, cellular telephone, specialized radio links,
and fibre optic links, such as SONET. Internet service providers have used
PPP for customer dial-up access to the Internet, since IP packets cannot be
transmitted over a modem line on their own without some data link protocol
that can identify where the transmitted frame starts and where it ends.
 Two derivatives of PPP, Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet  and Point-to-
Point Protocol over ATM , are used most commonly by ISPs to establish
a digital subscriber line Internet service connection with customers.
 Main components of this protocol:
PPP is a layered protocol that has three components:
 Encapsulation component:
It is used to transmit datagrams over the specifiedd physical layer.
 Link Control Protocol:
To establish, configure, and test the link as well as negotiate settings, options
and the use of features.
 Network Control Protocols:
It is used to negotiate optional configuration parameters and facilities for the
network layer. There is one NCP for each higher-layer protocol supported by
PPP.
o Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)
o OSI Network Layer Control Protocol (OSINLCP)
o Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol (IPXCP)
o DEC net Phase IV Control Protocol (DNCP)
o NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol (NBFCP)
o IPv6 Control Protocol (IPV6CP)

 PPP frame format:

PPP frame is generally required to encapsulate packets of information or data that
simply includes either configuration information or data. PPP basically uses the same
basic format as that of HDLC. PPP usually contains one additional field i.e. protocol
field. This protocol field is present just after control field and before information or data
field.
 The frame check sequence field is used for determining whether an individual frame
has an error. It contains a checksum computed over the frame to provide basic
protection against errors in transmission. This is a CRC code similar to the one used
for other layer two protocol error protection schemes such as the one used in
Ethernet. 

 PPP frames are variants of HDLC frames:

Name Number of bytes Description

Flag 1 0x7E, the beginning of a PPP frame

Address 1 0xFF, standard broadcast address

Control 1 0x03, unnumbered data

Protocol 2 PPP ID of embedded data

Information variable (0 or more) Datagram

Padding variable (0 or more) optional padding

Frame Check
2 frame checksum
Sequence

Flag 1 0x7E, omitted for successive PPP packets

 What is difference between SLIP & PPP?

SLIP:
 SLIP stands for Serial Line Internet Protocol.
 SLIP is a Predecessor protocol of PPP.
 SLIP covers the internet protocol packet.
 SLIP stands for Serial Line Internet Protocol.
 SLIP is a Predecessor protocol of PPP.
 SLIP covers the internet protocol packet.
 SLIP does not provide authentication.
  In SLIP data is transferred in synchronous form.
PPP:

 PPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol.

 It is a Successor protocol of SLIP.
 It covers the datagram.
 PPP provides authentication.
 The derived protocol from PPP is PPP over Ethernet and PPP over ATM.
 It is a dynamic IP addressing assignment.
 Data is transferred in both synchronous and asynchronous form.

References:
Wikipedia the free encyclopedia.