ME 637 Computer-Aided Engineering: Fall 2020

Homework 3

1. What is the difference between Geometry and Topology in Solids?

Answer:

In solids the shapes, size and relative positions are dealt in the geometry. Whereas when we
consider the topology then we study the space properties of solids that are likely preserved under
the continuous deformation due to action of any external loading. And this could be any sort of
bending or stretching other than the permanent rupture like cutting. (Milnor, 2011)

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2. What is a Turret lathe? Explain. Show a picture of a Turret lathe and explain the function of
each unit in the Turret Lathe.

Answer:

Figure 1 Turret Lathe

A turret lathe is a type of lathe machine that is used to perform operations similar to a traditional
lathe machine. The only difference that distinct a turret lath with other is that it has multiple
cutting tool at a same time on the tool post. When performing different operation, we do not need
to change tools again and again as of traditional lathe machine.
As shown in figure 1 each component of turret lathe has its own functionality. Square turret and
rear tool post have different tools on it. Cross slide helps to control tool feed; Saddle holds the
tail stock that is to hold the work piece of job. Similarly, other parts have their own working
purpose. (Brighthub Engineering, 2020)

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3. Write the APT Geometry Commands for the work part shown in the figure below. An x-y
Cartesian coordinate system is shown in the side for your convenience. Then write the APT
motion commands for doing a peripheral milling starting from P0 and then through P2-P3-
C1-L2-P4-L3-P2 and then back to P0. Ignore the two holes in the middle. Part is 1 inch thick.
Make assumptions if required.

Answer:

Assuming the lines dimensions as the scale given in the question figure. So, the G and M-codes
become;
G20
G90
G91.1
G00 X1 Y0.5
G00 X1.5 Y2.5
G00 X2 Y4.5
G00 X0 Y0
M09
G01 X6 Y0 I2 J0
G01 X0 Y0
G01 X2 Y4.5
M10
G00 X0 Y0
M02

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4. Write a NC program in G-code and M-code for a profile milling (for the entire part
thickness) & drilling operation (through-hole) to generate the outline of the part shown below
(and the drill hole, not shown). The origin is at the lower left-hand corner of this part. The
part is 3/8th inch thick. Use a point at X = -1, Y = -1 and Z = +3 as the start point and then
proceed to the point S (X = -1, Y = -1, Z = -0.375). Z = 0 is the top of the work piece.
Assume flood cooling. Tool T1 (0.5 inch diameter TiN coated HSS end mill with a depth of
cut of 3/8th inch per pass) is used for profile milling. For profile milling a feed rate of 7.5 ipm
and a speed of 1800 rpm is used. Spindle speed can be directly input as the actual speed value
instead of a spindle speed code. The tool finishes its operation at S and then goes to the start
point. After this operation, tool T6 (helical three flute drill of 0.25 inch diameter) come from
the start point to a point at X = 3, Y = 3, Z = 0.1, and then proceeds in a single step to make
a through-hole in the exact center of the part. It then goes back to the start point. For drilling
a feed rate of 2.5 ipm and a speed of 1000 rpm is used with mist cooling. For curves, use the
I, J, K format and NOT the R format. Make assumptions, if need be.
Answer:

Figure 2

Considering an end mill cutter of 1-inch diameter for the profile milling of part in figure 2. And
the G codes and M-Codes are listed below;
G20
G90
G91.1
G00 X-1 Y-1
M09
G01 X7 Y0
G02 X6 Y0
G01 X0 Y0
G02 X0 Y0
G01 X7 Y4.5
G02 X7 Y4.5 I1.5 J0
G01 X4.5 Y7
G02 X0 Y4.5 I0 J-0.5
M10
G00 X0 Y0
M02

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5. Explain about Regularized Set Operations in Solids in detail.

Answer:

Regularized set operations in solids is a way to illustrate an object physically by the mean of
mathematical operations or by utilizing logical operation in the solid modeling. This can be
easily obtained by taking the resultant interior points set of an ordinary Boolean set-operation
and as well as by taking the closure that is given as;

Pop*Q = Closure (interior (Pop Q)) (Faadooengineers.com, 2011)

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6. What is CSG? Explain. What are the advantages of CSG trees? Sketch a CSG tree.

Answer:

CGS (Constructive Solid Geometry) allows a modeler to create complex solids by first creating
small object of that complex solid by using the Boolean operators.
It is a very powerful and have high level command and helps to construct solid models with
complex shapes. It demands less storage due to concise database and model made by it can be
easily converted to corresponding boundary conditions. (Slideshare, 2020)
Figure 2 below shows a sketch of CSG tree.

Figure 3

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7. Explain Facing, Contour turning, Chamfering, Cutoff and Threading with regards to Turning
in detail and then include a schematic for each.

Answer:

 Facing
It is a process of removing the material from the end of the work piece of job. This is done to
make a symmetric flat surface at the end.
 Figure 4

 Contour turning
Contour turing is a process of creating a non-symmetric profile on a cylindrical work piece.

Figure 5

 Chamfering
Chamfering is a process of cutting the sharper edges of a job at certain angle so that they do
not harm much when touched by hands.
 Figure 6

 Cutoff

Cutoff operation is used to depart the job from the working after finish all working operations of the
job.

Figure 7

 Threading
Threading is a process of producing a helical ridge on cylindrical work piece with uniformly
distributed distance between helix.
Figure 8
References:

Brighthub Engineering (2020) ‘What is Turret Lathe_ How Turret Lathe Works_ -
Bright Hub Engineering’. Available at: https://www.brighthubengineering.com/.
Faadooengineers.com (2011) ‘regularized Boolean set operation’,
SpringerReference. doi: 10.1007/springerreference_23311.
Milnor, J. W. (2011) ‘Topology vs. Geometry’.
Slideshare (2020) Solid modelling. Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/dpksobs/solid-modelling (Accessed: 19 October 2020).