Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in

Article Talk Read Edit View history Search Wikipedia Go

Search

Adenoma
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main page An adenoma is a benign tumor of epithelial

Adenoma
Contents tissue with glandular origin, glandular
Other names Adenomas, adenomata
Current events characteristics, or both. Adenomas can
Random article grow from many glandular organs, including
About Wikipedia the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid,
Contact us
prostate, and others. Some adenomas
Donate
grow from epithelial tissue in nonglandular
Contribute areas but express glandular tissue structure
Help (as can happen in familial polyposis coli).
Learn to edit Although adenomas are benign, they
Community portal should be treated as pre-cancerous. Over
Recent changes time adenomas may transform to become
Upload file
malignant, at which point they are called Micrograph of a tubular adenoma (left of image), a type
of colonic polyp and a precursor of colorectal cancer.
Tools adenocarcinomas. Most adenomas do not
Normal colorectal mucosa is seen on the right of the
What links here
transform. However, even though benign,
image. H&E stain .
Related changes they have the potential to cause serious
Pronunciation /ˌæ d ɪˈnoʊmə/, /ˌæ dɪˈnoʊmɪtə/
Special pages health complications by compressing other
Specialty Oncology
Permanent link structures (mass effect) and by producing
Page information large amounts of hormones in an unregulated, non-feedback-dependent manner (causing
Cite this page
paraneoplastic syndromes). Some adenomas are too small to be seen macroscopically but can
Wikidata item
still cause clinical symptoms.[citation needed]
Print/export
Contents []
Download as PDF
Printable version 1 Histopathology
2 Locations
In other projects 2.1 Colon
Wikimedia Commons 2.2 Renal
2.3 Adrenal
Languages 2.4 Thyroid
Dansk 2.5 Pituitary
Deutsch 2.6 Parathyroid
Español 2.7 Liver
Français
2.8 Breast
Italiano
2.9 Appendix
Nederlands
2.10 Bronchial
Polski
Русский
2.11 Sebaceous
Türkçe 2.12 Salivary glands
 2.13 Prostate
35 more
3 Treatment
Edit links 4 References
5 External links

Histopathology ​[ edit ]

Adenoma is a benign tumor of glandular tissue, such as the mucosa of stomach, small intestine,
and colon, in which tumor cells form glands or gland like structures.
In hollow organs (digestive
tract), the adenoma grows into the lumen - adenomatous polyp or polypoid adenoma.
Depending on the type of the insertion base, adenoma may be pedunculated (lobular head with
a long slender stalk) or sessile (broad base).

The adenomatous proliferation is characterized by different degrees of cell dysplasia (atypia or

loss of normal differentiation of epithelium) irregular cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, stratified or
pseudostratified nuclei, nucleolus, decreased mucosecretion, and mitosis. The architecture may
be tubular, villous, or tubulo-villous. Basement membrane and muscularis mucosae are intact.

Locations ​[ edit ]

Colon ​[ edit ]

Adenomas of the colon, also called adenomatous polyps, are quite prevalent. They are found
commonly at colonoscopy. They are removed because of their tendency to become malignant
and to lead to colon cancer.

Ashkenazi Jews have a 6% higher risk rate of getting adenomas, and then colon cancer, than do
the general population, so it is important that they have regular actual colonoscopies, and
specifically none of the less invasive diagnostic methods.[1]

Renal ​[ edit ]

This is a tumor that is most often small and asymptomatic, and is derived from renal tubules. It
may be a precursor lesion to renal carcinoma.

Adrenal ​[ edit ]

Adrenal adenomas are common, and are often found on

the abdomen, usually not as the focus of investigation;
they are usually incidental findings. About one in 10,000
is malignant. Thus, a biopsy is rarely called for,
especially if the lesion is homogeneous and smaller
than 3 centimeters. Follow-up images in three to six
months can confirm the stability of the growth.

While some adrenal adenomas do not secrete

hormones at all, often some secrete cortisol, causing
MRI scan T1 with fat saturation -
Cushing's syndrome, aldosterone causing Conn's adrenal adenoma
syndrome, or androgens causing hyperandrogenism.

Thyroid ​[ edit ]
Further information: Thyroid adenoma

About one in 10 people is found to have solitary thyroid nodules. Investigation is required
because a small percentage of these is malignant. Biopsy usually confirms the growth to be an
adenoma, but, sometimes, excision at surgery is required, especially when the cells found at
biopsy are of the follicular type.

Pituitary ​[ edit ]

Pituitary adenomas are seen in 10% of neurological patients. A lot of them remain undiagnosed.
Treatment is usually surgical, to which patients generally respond well. The most common
subtype, prolactinoma, is seen more often in women, and is frequently diagnosed during
pregnancy as the hormone progesterone increases its growth. Medical therapy with cabergoline
or bromocriptine generally suppresses prolactinomas; progesterone antagonist therapy has not
proven to be successful.

Parathyroid ​[ edit ]

An adenoma of a parathyroid gland may secrete inappropriately high amounts of parathyroid

hormone and thereby cause primary hyperparathyroidism.

Liver ​[ edit ]
Further information: Hepatocellular adenoma

Hepatic adenomas are a rare benign tumour of the liver, which may present with hepatomegaly
or other symptoms.

Breast ​[ edit ]

Breast adenomas are called fibroadenomas. They are often very small and difficult to detect.
Often there are no symptoms. Treatments can include a needle biopsy, and/or removal.

Appendix ​[ edit ]

Adenomas can also appear in the appendix. The condition is extremely rare. The most common
version is called cystadenoma. They are usually discovered in the course of examination of the
tissue following an appendectomy. If the appendix has ruptured and a tumor is present, this
presents challenges, especially if malignant cells have formed and thus spread to the abdomen.

Bronchial ​[ edit ]

Bronchial adenomas are adenomas in the bronchi. They may cause carcinoid syndrome, a
type of paraneoplastic syndrome.[2]

Sebaceous ​[ edit ]

A sebaceous adenoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a slow-growing tumour usually

presenting as a pink, flesh-coloured, or yellow papule or nodule.

Salivary glands ​[ edit ]

Most salivary gland tumors are benign – that is, they are not cancer and will not spread to other
parts of the body. These tumors are almost never life-threatening.
There are many types of
benign salivary gland tumors, with names such as adenomas, oncocytomas, Warthin tumors,
and benign mixed tumors (also known as pleomorphic adenomas).
Benign tumors are almost
always cured by surgery. Very rarely, they may become cancer if left untreated for a long time or
if they are not completely removed and grow back. It's not clear exactly how benign tumors
become cancers. There are many types of salivary gland cancers. Normal salivary glands are
made up of several different types of cells, and tumors can start in any of these cell types.
Salivary gland cancers are named according to which of these cell types they most look like
when seen under a microscope. The main types of cancers are described below.
Doctors
usually give salivary cancers a grade (from 1 to 3, or from low to high), based on how abnormal
the cancers look under a microscope. The grade gives a rough idea of how quickly it is likely to
grow and spread.

Grade 1 cancers (also called low grade or well differentiated) look very much like normal
salivary gland cells. They tend to grow slowly and have a good outcome (prognosis).
Grade 2 cancers (also called intermediate grade or moderately differentiated) have an
appearance and outlook that is between grade 1 and grade 3 cancers.
Grade 3 cancers (also called high grade or poorly differentiated) look very different from
normal cells and often grow and/or spread quickly. The outlook for these cancers is usually
not as good as for lower grade cancers.[3]

Prostate ​[ edit ]

Prostate adenoma develops from the periurethral glands at the site of the median or lateral
lobes.

Treatment ​[ edit ]

A physician's response to detecting an adenoma in a patient will vary according to the type and
location of the adenoma among other factors.[citation needed] Different adenomas will grow at
different rates, but typically physicians can anticipate the rates of growth because some types of
common adenomas progress similarly in most patients.[citation needed] Two common responses
are removing the adenoma with surgery and then monitoring the patient according to
established guidelines.[citation needed]

One common example of treatment is the response recommended by specialty professional

organizations upon removing adenomatous polyps from a patient. In the common case of
removing one or two of these polyps from the colon from a patient with no particular risk factors
for cancer, thereafter the best practice is to resume surveillance colonoscopy after 5–10 years
rather than repeating it more frequently than the standard recommendation.[4][5][6]

References ​[ edit ]
 1. ^ https://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/qa/what-is-the-relationship-between-ashkenazi-
jews-and-colorectal-cancer
2. ^ Table 6-5 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson
(2007). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1. 8th edition.
3. ^ "What Is Salivary Gland Cancer?" . www.cancer.org. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
4. ^ American Gastroenterological Association, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should
Question" (PDF), Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American
Gastroenterological Association, archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2012, retrieved
August 17, 2012
5. ^ Winawer, S.; Fletcher, R.; Rex, D.; Bond, J.; Burt, R.; Ferrucci, J.; Ganiats, T.; Levin, T.; Woolf,
S.; Johnson, D.; Kirk, L.; Litin, S.; Simmang, C.; Gastrointestinal Consortium, P. (2003).
"Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: Clinical guidelines and rationale—Update based
on new evidence". Gastroenterology. 124 (2): 544–560. doi:10.1053/gast.2003.50044 .
PMID 12557158 .
6. ^ Jarbol, D. E.; Kragstrup, J.; Stovring, H.; Havelund, T.; Schaffalitzky De Muckadell, O. B.; Deal,
S. E.; Hoffman, B.; Jacobson, B. C.; Mergener, K.; Petersen, B. T.; Safdi, M. A.; Faigel, D. O.;
Pike, I. M.; ASGE/ACG Taskforce on Quality in Endoscopy (2006). "Proton Pump Inhibitor or
Testing for Helicobacter pylori as the First Step for Patients Presenting with Dyspepsia? A
Cluster-Randomized Trial". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 101 (6): 1200–1208.
doi:10.1038/ajg2006227 . PMID 16635231 .

External links ​[ edit ]

Classification ICD-10: D12 , D35.0 , D34 , D35.2 , and others · ICD-9-CM: 211.3 , D
211.5 ,223.0 , 226 , 227.0 , · ICD-O: M8140/0 · MeSH: D000236 · SNOMED CT:
32048006

Adrenal adenoma description at 00007 at CHORUS

Photos (colon adenoma) at Atlas of Pathology

v·t·e Glandular and epithelial cancer [hide]

Small-cell carcinoma · Combined small-cell carcinoma ·

Verrucous carcinoma · Squamous cell carcinoma ·
Papilloma/carcinoma
Epithelium Basal-cell carcinoma · Transitional cell carcinoma ·
Inverted papilloma
Complex epithelial Warthin's tumor · Thymoma · Bartholin gland carcinoma
tract: Linitis plastica ·
Familial adenomatous polyposis
pancreas
(Insulinoma · Glucagonoma ·
Gastrointestinal
Gastrinoma · VIPoma · Somatostatinoma)
Cholangiocarcinoma · Klatskin tumor ·
Hepatocellular adenoma/Hepatocellular carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma · Endometrioid tumor ·
Adenomas/ Urogenital
Renal oncocytoma
adenocarcinomas
Prolactinoma · Multiple endocrine neoplasia ·
Endocrine Adrenocortical adenoma/Adrenocortical carcinoma
· Hürthle cell
Neuroendocrine tumor
(Carcinoid) ·
 Adenoid cystic carcinoma · Oncocytoma ·
Other/multiple
Clear-cell adenocarcinoma · Apudoma ·
Cylindroma · Papillary hidradenoma

Adnexal and sweat gland

(Hidrocystoma · Syringoma) ·
skin appendage Syringocystadenoma papilliferum

Cystic general Cystadenoma/Cystadenocarcinoma

Glands
Signet ring cell carcinoma
(Krukenberg tumor) ·
Mucinous cystadenoma /
Mucinous Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Cystic, mucinous, (Pseudomyxoma peritonei) ·
and serous Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Ovarian serous cystadenoma /
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma /
Serous
Serous cystadenocarcinoma /
Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma
Mammary ductal carcinoma ·
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma ·
Ductal carcinoma Comedocarcinoma ·
Paget's disease of the breast /
Ductal, lobular, Extramammary Paget's disease
and medullary
Lobular carcinoma in situ ·
Lobular carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma of the breast ·
Medullary carcinoma
Medullary thyroid cancer

Acinar cell Acinic cell carcinoma

Categories: Anatomical pathology Glandular and epithelial neoplasia

This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 14:01 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;

additional terms may apply. By
using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics

Cookie statement