RD-Ri58 112 INSTANTANEOUS ORBIT PRAMETER CHANGES PRODUCED BY 1/1

IMPULSIVE THRUSTING WIT.. (U) NAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS

UNCLSSIIEDCENTER DRNLGREN VA A D PARKS FEB 83 NSWC/'TR-83-31

_EEE
7hhEEEhlh hhE NCASIFEDF/G 22/3 NL

'El".n
1H1 £0 515 -2

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

TESTCHART
MKMOaco RKSOLUTMO
 UNCLASSIFIED
ECUI IITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (hen Data Entered)

REPORT D)OCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS

BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
IREPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT-S CATALOG NUMBER
NSWC TR 83-31 1 A /_y I,/-
4. TTLE and ubtile)5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
INSTANTANEOUS ORBIT PARAMETER CHANGES i1
PRODUCED BY IMPULSIVE THRUSTING WITH Final
* APPLICATION TO ORBIT ADJUST DESIGN FOR
SATELLITES IN SMALL ECCENTRICITY ORBITS 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTHOR(*) G. CONTRACT ON GRANT NUMBER(*)

A. D. Parks

I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELE-MENT PROJECT, TASK
AREA a. WORK UNIT NUMBERS
* ~Naval Surface Weapons Center (KI 2)35 B;3 2C
Dahigren, VA 22448 319;3fC
II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

Defense Mapping AgencyFeray 18

Washington, DC 2030513NUEROPAS
14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 6 ADDRESS(If different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)

UNCLASSIFIED
15a. DECLASSI FICATION/ DOWNGRADING
SCHEDULE

* IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)

* Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

* 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abotrect antered In Block 20, if different from Report)

* IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

* III. KEY WORDS (Contfnue on rover*e aide if necessary and Identify by block number)

orbit adjust design

small eccentricity orbits
Lagrange planetary equations

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on revere oide Iftnecesara nd Identify by biock number)

--An impulsive thrust profile is applied to the Lagrange planetary equations to obtain analytic
* expressions for thrust-induced changes in orbital parameters. Approximations are introduced
* for small eccentricity orbits and are used to generate a set of graphical orbit adjust design aids.
The orbit adjust design program ORBADJ is discussed, and a program listing and sample
* output are presented.

FORM
DD I N7 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED
S/N 0102-LF-014-6601
SE-URITY CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGE (WhAenDate Eneered)

* - . *.* *- . ! *. . % .. .
 NSWC TR 83-31

FOREWORD

This document has been prepared to provide a set of graphical tools that may aid
the orbit analyst in the selection of thrust parameters to be used during the planning phase
of an orbit adjust design for satellites operating in small eccentricity orbits. It is also intended
to serve as the formulation document for the NSWC orbit adjust design software program
ORBADJ. This is a general software program that may be used to generate thrust parameters
for the initial planning phase of an orbit adjust design. This report has been reviewed and
approved by Dr. R. J. Anderle.

Released by:

&, A. c
0. F. BRAXTON, Head
Stategic Systems Department

• ..

I. ' I' : - , ",

I
Cc"'L' ": .'
 NSWC TR 83-31

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION............................................................1

FORMULATIONS............................................................I

A SUMMARY OF APPROXIMATIONS VALID FOR SATELLITES IN SMALL

ECCENTRICITY ORBITS .................................................. 5

REMARKS CONCERNING PROGRAM ORBADJ .................................... 11

APPENDIXES:

A-LISTING OF PROGRAM ORBADJ ............................................. A-1

B-SAMPLE ORBADJ OUTPUT .................................................. B-1

DISTRIBUTION............................................................(1)

v
-5 - .7 _.* L76 . . 77* 1* - -. 7 - - 7

NSWC TR 83-3 1

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page

1 Change In Semnimajor Axis Per Unit In-Track Velocity Impulse ................ 7

2 Change In Eccentricity Per Unit Radial Velocity Impulse ..................... 7

3 Change In Eccentricity Per Unit In-Track Velocity Impulse .................... 8

4 Change In Inclination Per Unit Cross-Track Velocity Impulse .................. 8

5 Changes In Right Ascension of Ascending Node and True Argument of

Latitude Per Unit Cross-Track Velocity Impulse ........................... 9

6 Changes in Apogee and Perigee Radial Distance Per Unit Radial

Velocity Impulse ................................................... 9

7 Change in Apogee Radial Distance Per Unit In-Track Velocity Impulse .......... 10

8 Change In Perigee Radial Distance Per Unit In-Track Velocity Impulse .......... 10

9 Change In Orbital Period Per Unit In-Track Velocity Impulse ................. 11

vi

.'*d * .*. * ~
.P . * . .... * . * . * . .* * * -. - . . . . . . * ,.<7t
 NSWC TR 83-31

INTRODUCTION

The existence of mission-related constraints and flight profiles requires that periodic
orbital maintenance thrusting be performed on most artificial earth satellites. This is especially
true for low-altitude satellites, since they are continuously perturbed by their interaction with
the atmosphere. Operational orbit adjust designs for earth satellites are normally performed in
an iterative fashion using coarse satellite ephemerides for early planning and updated precise
ephemerides for the final design. Although the desired orbital modifications are known from a
comparison of mission requirements with current mission performance, the analyst must still
select the most expedient thrust parameters for the design. Initial estimates Cr these pa-
rameters are often made by using the results obtained from orbit perturbation equations and
are improved during the iterative design procedure mentioned above.

The following sections of this report are concerned with the development of formulations
and data that can be used to provide thrust parameter estimates. Such information can be
used as tools for the applied theorist as well as the operational analyst. Considered first are
derivations of analytic expressions that relate changes in certain orbital parameters produced
by an applied impulsive thrust. These relationships are then used to provide some approximate
results that are useful for satellites in small eccentricity orbits. A general discussion of the
NSWC orbit adjust design computer program ORBADJ is provided in the final section.

FORMULATIONS

The changes in orbital parameters caused by instantaneous velocity impulses can be

determined from results obtained from the Lagrange planetary equations.' These equations,
expressed in their Gaussian component form, are given by

2a 2 )F,)

1P. M. Fitzpatrick, PrinciplesofCelestial Mechanics, Academic Press, Inc., New York, New York, 1970.

"
- -• " " - - ° " • • " " . " "- • • " " " " °-" ° " • m" .'" J" '" ," " %

.-,._- ,-,.-..-.
.,v ."'-. ."-. .:-"'" -'* ,''.-''.'-.- . ,':." '-"'':,.'"."."-.'',,"",-',".
%: -' .:,',', .
 -. . .-0,.- ,,.. - .'
-.. -.-.'I-.7 7.-7i7 . --1- - . - -

NSWC TR 83-31

FR + I
=(r sin 0 2 (cos 0 + e)F (2)

( r cos n)F (3)

2)
(l+e cos 0 + 2e FR sin0 r sin u Cosi (4)
e (I + e cos 0)v F ev h sin i

f h u
r sin 1 _i F
sin (5)

and

r sin u /cos i(
h \sin i / C

v here a, e, i, w, and S2 are the usual Keplerian elements; A is the earth's gravitational con-
stant; 0 is the true anomaly; and u is the true argument of latitude defined as

u = 0 + o (7)

The quantities r, v, and h are the satellite radial distance, speed, and angular momentum,
respectively. These are defined as follows:

a (1 - er2 )= (8)
1 + e cos 0

v u r( (9)

and

h= ;ia (I - e 2 ) (10)

The acceleration components F, (i R, 1, C) appearing in the planetary equations are

defined by the vector equation

- .7."" ,.-. ,
 NSWC TR 83-31
A A A

F FRR + FiI + Fc C (11)

where

A rx r
C = (12)
Ir x ri
4
A r
1= (13)
IT-
and
A A /
R =I x C (14)

Here 7 and r are the satellite position and velocity vectors.

Verification that the thrust parameters associated with an orbit adjust design produce
the desired orbital parameter changes requires that the thrust profile be integrated over the
finite thrust interval. A very analytically tractable approach, which yields quite useful
estimates, uses an impulsive thrust model in which the Dirac delta function describes the
thrust profile. Specifically, if the thrust components defined by

Fi = AV i 6(t - tOA), (i = R, I, C) (15)

where 6 is the Dirac delta function and tO A is time at which the thrust impulse is applied,
are substituted into Equations 1 through 6 and the equations are integrated over a small
time interval centered about tOA, the following relations are obtained:

Aa = 2a2( V)AVI (16)

r sin 0 cos 0 + e
Ae = AVR + 2 AVI (17)

A (r cos
Ai= h u) AV c (18)

_ ( + e 2 ) cos 0 + 2e AV R + 2(sir 0 AV, r sin u (cosi\ (19)

e(l + e cos O)v 2\Rev / i

3
 NSWC TR 83-31

r in
h(2 )Avc (20)

hsisin/ cos

Au r- si-n uJ o (21)
h sinf 1/

Dre all quantities are preadjust values at to A*

These results can be applied to those obtained from two-body analytics to obtain results
other parameters of interest. The changes in apogee distance, perigee distance, orbital
iod, and true anomaly are given by

ArA =(r sin 0) AVR +2 a (~+ e) (I + Cos 0) AVI (22)

Ar - r sin ) VR + 2 - - e) (1 - Cos 0) AVI (23)

AP= 3Pa( - AV1 (24)

2 (25)
A6 +e )COS0 + 2e 2!n-
si V
e(l +e cos 0) ev

pectively, where P is the Keplerian period

P =2 va(26)

-- ~.. ..... ..... .....

 NSWC TR 83-31

A SUMMARY OF APPROXIMATIONS VALID FOR

SATELLITES IN SMALL ECCENTRICITY ORBITS

For sufficiently small eccentricities, the following approximations may be made:

r - a (27)

V ' (28)
and

h - (29)

By applying these approximations to Equations 16 through 24, one can form the following
approximate ratios between thrust components and induced orbital parameter changes:

Aa P
-- - (30)
AVI ar

Ae sin 0
AVR (31)

Ae a~'
- 2 - cos 0
AVI (32)
A

A- - a 1Cos u1 (33)
AVc /

A1c sin i - sin u (34)

Av-

. . . . . . .- . . .. .. . . . . .
 NSWC TR 83-31

Auc tan i --a )/2 sin u (35)

ArA sin 0 (36)

AVR 27r

ArA P
- - (1 + cos 0) (37)
AVI 7T

Arp
- p _ sin 0 (38)
AVR 27r

Arp p
A _- (I - cos 0) (39)
AV ir

AP - (±)a6r (40)
AV

ere P is the period given by Equation 26. Ratios for Aw and AO are not given because
the small divisor problem associated with the small eccentricity assumption. These ratios
plotted for the reader's convenience in Figures I through 9 for several orbital periods
ween 5200 and 7000 sec.

Based on the results given above, the following generalizations may be made:

* Only in-track thrusting can produce changes in a and P.

* Only cross-track thrusting can produce changes in i, 92, and u.
* Radial thrusting produces equal and opposite changes in rA and rp.
* In-track thrusting at apogee (perigee) produces no change in apogee (perigee) distance,
but produces maximum change in perigee (apogee) distance.

-, -"--"-C - ,- -. .
"."-
,_-" -" ...-...
" . '""
. . . ..- .'"
" % " " ' " "-"' " ' "::
. " ...
"" " ." '"
. ". ..
" "': '". " . :"'"
.
 NSWC TR 83-31

2.5-

Pz 7000 s

P 6500 s
2.0- P 6100 s
IE Pr 5600 520s

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY (deg)

FIGURE 1. CHANGE IN SEMIMAJOR AXIS PER UNIT IN-TRACK

VELOCITY IMPULSE

2.0-

1.0-

S0.0- P 5200 s

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY (deg)

FIGURE 2. CHANGE IN ECCENTRICITY PER UNIT RADIAL

VELOCITY IMPULSE

7
 NSWC TR 83-31

08.39913 03/11/e3

PRINT 21pDPCI-,EAPCpDVIKpA
FORMAT(/ ,5X,*TC PRCDUCE A *PF6*2#* SEC PERIOD CHANGE*#/5Xp*ANO A
1 *,F7*29* DEG PERIGEE ROTATION REQUIRES AN INTRACK VELOCITY IMPULS
2E OF *,F7.2,* METERS PER SEC*P/5X,* AT A TRUF ANOMALY OF *,F7*2#
3* DEG*)
PRINT 22, J
FORMAT( /p5X#*CCNVFRGENCE OCCURRED IN *P15,* ITERATIONS*)
RETURN

PRINT 31, J
FOPMAT(///,5XP*CONVFRGENCE DID NOT OCCUR IN *,15,* ITFRATIONS*)
STOP
END
SUPROLTINE PUSVEL (ACECICLGH,80P1,jRZP3,V1.V2,V3,RPVEL) 0010
CALL NWTRFH (CLCEPEPSINEPPCCSEP) 0020
HSINwSIN( p.) 0030
'COSNCOS (1) 0040
GSINuSI4(6) 0050
GCCSoCtJS( G) 0060
CISINNSIt4(CI) 00 70
CICUS-COJS(CI ) 0080
Al1=HCOS*GCCS-HSIN*CICOS*GSIN 0090
A128-HC,15*GSIN-HSIN*C ICOS*GCOS 0100
A21sHSI N*GCCS+HCUS*CICOS*GSIN 0110
A22nHCOS*C ICCS*GCOS-HSIN*GSIN 012C
A3loCISIN*GSIN 0130
A32oClSIN*GCCS 0140
FUN-SORT( i.-CE*CE) 015C
R1.A*(A11*(CCSEP-CE)+Al2*(FUN*SINEP)) 0160
R2UA*(A21* (CCSEP-CE)+A22*(FUN*SINEP)) 0170
R3.A*(A31*(CSEP-CE)+A32*(FUN4*SINEP)) 0180
RoA*( 1.-CE*CCSEP) 0190
FUN1.(SQP7(eC*A) )IR 0200
V1.FUN1*( A1I*(-SINEP),A12*FUN*COSEP) 0210
V2aFUN1*(A21*(-SINEP )4A22*FUN*COSEP) 0220
V3sFUN1* (A31*(-SINEP) .A32*FUN*COSEP) 0230
VELwFUNj*SQPT (1.-(CE*CCSEP)**2) C24C
RFTURN 0250
END 0260
SUBROUTINE NWTRPH (QLBpE2pSEpCE)
NEhoTON RAPHSCK SOLUTICH TO KEPLERS EQUATION SLBROUTINE
ElaQL,(IR*SIH0OL))/(1.-B*COS(QL))
SfwSIN(El)
CEwCOS(E1)
E2sEl+(0L4B*Sk-kE1)/(1.-B*CE)
IF(ABS(E2-El)- loE-e )4p4,3
E 1.12
GO TO 2
SEsSIN(E2)
CveC0S( E2)
RE TLRN
EID
/9

A-10
 08.39.13 03/11/83

PRINT 10
10 FORMAT( ///D1X,*CVI(M/S)*,1X,*DVC(M/S)*,1X,*DVR(M/S)*,1XD*DA(KM)*93
IX,*DE * ,3X,*CI( DEG) *,IX,*DW(DEG)*,1X,*DOM(DEG)*,1X,*DU(DEG)*,1X,
2*DTA(DEG)*,1X,*CRA(KM)*,1X,*DRP(K9 )*PlXP*CPC SEC)*,lXP*TAI(DEG)*)

PRINT 11,DDVIDLVC,DDVRPDADE, DDIDDWDDCDDUDDTADRADRPDP;TTA

1 F7.2,1X, F8.3,1XF6.2,1XF8.2,1XF7.2,1XF8.2)

RETURN

20 PRINT 21,DADEDDIDDWDDODDUDDTADRADRPDPTTA
21 FORMAT (/p28XPF6.2p 1XF7.4#IXPF7.4p1Xp F7.2,1XF8*3p1XpF792p1XFS.3*
1 1XF6.2,1XF8. 2,1XF7.2,1X, F8.2)

RETURN
END
SLBROUTINE REQCIHDPCHPCAPC)

00**THIS ROUTINE CCIPPUTES AN INTRACK VELOCITY IMPULSE REQUIRED TO

'***PRCDUCE A DESIRED PERIOD CHANGE AND PERIGEE ROTATION.
COPMON/ELEM/AvE, IWO
COMMON/qURN/TAIPCVIPDVCPDVR

REAL I9,MU
9
DATA MU/3986CCe8/,PI/3ol415926535 /

DPCoDAPC*PI/leo
DYRu0.0
TAI w 0.00
P a 2.*PI*(t(A*A*A)/MU)**0.5)
10 TAJO a TAI
Rs(A*(1.-E*E))/(l.,E*COS(TAI))

V2w MU*(U2*/R)-(1./A) )
V - SQRT(V2)

DVI a ( OPCI- * MU )/(3. * P *A *V)

SA o*5*((DPC*E*V)/DVI)
TAI.ASIN(SA)
IF(TAI.LT.0.O) TAI.TAI,2o*PI
TSlmABS(TAI-TAIC)
IF(TST@LT.C.Cl) GO TO 20

IF(J*GT.500) GO TO 30
GO TO 10

20 DVIKo1000o*DVI
BAsTAI*18Co/ P1

A-9
 NSWC TA 83-3 1

08.39.13 03/11/83

V-SQRT (V2)
U-7AI+k
VP2=(MU/A)*((l*+E)/(l*-E))
VPoSQRT (VP2)
RP.A*(1.-E)
N V P*RP
IF (U.GT.P12)UsAPOD(UPP2)
DRA-((R*SIN(TAI))/V)*DVR42.*(A/V)*U1.*+E)/(1.-E))*(1.4COS(TAI3)*
1 DVI

DRPs-((R*SIN(TAI))/V)*DVR+2e*(A/V)*((l.-E)/(1.+E))*(1.-COS(TAI))*
I DVI

DPo3o*P*A*( V/MU) *DVI

DAo2o*A*A* (V/PU)*DVI

DE-((R*SIII(TAI))/(A*V))*DVR.2.*((COS(TAI).E)/V)*DVI

0Iu((R*COS(L) )/Ii*DVC

DWu-(((l.,E*E)*COS(TAI).2.*E)/(E*(l.,E*COS(TAI))*V))*DVR42.*(SIN(T
1 AI)/(E*V)l*DVI-((R*SIN(U)*COS(I))/ (H*SIN(I)))*DVC

DOM.((R*SIN(U))/(H*SIN(I) ))*DVC

DUu-( (R*SIN(L)*COS(I) )/(H*SINII)))*DVC

DTA=DU-OW

RETURN
EN C
SUBROUTINE CLTD(J)

****THIS PR')GRAP OUTPUTS THE THRUST INDUCED CHANGES TO THE ORBITAL

'****PARA14ETERSs

COMMON/BUR14/7AIPDVIPDVCDVR
COMMON/DELTA/ORA,*DRP, DP,D0ADEDI, OWDOMDUDTA
DATA P1/3.14l59265359/

DDVIwl000e*'VI
DO VCo 1 00* *D VC
ODVRol000.*CVR
DO! sDl*2eo*/Pl
ODDV~D*19C*/PI
DDCsDOM*10/PI
DDLuoIJ*IAU./PI
ODIAnDTA*180. /PI
TTAsTAI*180. IPl

IF(J@NE*1) GO TO 20
PRINT 9
9 FORMAT(l///P"XP*THRUST PARAMETERS AND INDUCED CHANGES IN ORBITAL P
1ARAMETERS*)

A-8
 NSWC TR 83-31

08.39.13 03/ll/F3

3 *AFGUPENT OF PERIGEE u*oG16ol0,*DEG*/5XP

4 *R.IGHT ASCFNSION OF ASCENDING NflEn*,G16,10,*DEG*15XP
5 *7RLE ANOMALY B*PG16.o,*DEG*)

REILRN
ENJD
SUPROLTINE P'AF(TAIEAM)

:*****THIS ROUTINF CCPPUTES AN APPROXIMATE VALUE FOR THE MEAN

;*****ANCMALY ASSOCIATED WITH A GIV~EN TRIE ANOMALY TO THIRD
:.*****DQDER IN ECCENTRICITY*
AMuTAI-2*OESIN(TAl),C.75*E*E*SIN(2.*TAI)-0933333*E*E*E*SIN(3.*
1 TAI)

RETUIRN
ENC
SLPROUTINJE CL7C(XPYZoXOYDPZDRV)

:*****TIJS P'1UTINF CLIUTS CARTESIAN POSITIr'N AND VELOCITY COMPONENTS,

:* ****AS WELL A'. 7HE ASSOCIATED RADIUS AND SPEED.
PRINT lOoXYPZPXDPYDoZD*RPV
10 FOPMAT(/,10X,*x m*,G16e1O,*KM*/1OX,
1 *Y =*,G16s10p*KM*/1OXp
1Z =*PG16ol1O,*KM*/1OX,
1*XDUT w*,C16o10p*K4 PER SEC*/10X,
1 *YC3T w*pGC16o1O,*KM PER SEC*/I10~
1 *ZDCT m*,G16*10,*KM PER SEC*I1OX,
I *RADUS,,Glt.o,.pKM*/1OX#
1 *SPFED w*,(G16slO,*KM PER SEC*)

RE TURN
ENDV
SUPOUTINE ADJUST

:'**#**THsI, CO4PVTFS CHANGES 10 ORBITAL PARAMETERS DUE TO IMPULSIVE

C*****VELICITY CHANGES.

COV'MON/8LFN/TAI, DVICVCDVR
COMMrN/DELTA/DPADPPPDDADDEOI, DWDCMDUDTA

REAL IRU

DATA "U3~bUE*I31l96!9

Po2o*PI*t( (A*A*A)/PU)***5)

V?.ML*( (2oIR)-ll./A))

A-7
 t. . t ~ %..k.. 71

NSWC TR 83-31

08.39.13 03/11/83

VeVR*(J-l)*VGR
IF(IDC*E~o.)GO TO 121
IF(IOC*EQ*1)GO TO 122
DV RoV
DVIw.o.
GO TO 123
121 DVIwV
DVRsuo.
DVC8O0
GO TO 123
122 DVCmV
DVRuO .0
123 CONTINUE
C
C
DO 130 KwIIJA
TAInAB. (K-1)*AG
C
CALL ACJUST
C
CALL OUTD(K)
C
13C CONTINUE
120 CONTINUE
C
C
STOP
C
C
C*****ENTER MODE.2 PROCESSING
C
C
200 PRINT 10
PRINT 210
210 FORPAT( #lXv*PODEu2 ORBIT ADJUST DESIGN*)
C
C
READ *#DPCHDAPC
C
CALL REQCH(CPAPC)
C
GO TO 220
C
END
SUBROUTINE CUTK(AEPINCPERPRAPANOM)
REAL INC
C
C*****THIS ROUTINE OUTPUTS KEPLERIAN ELEMENTS
C
PRINT 10,APEPINCPPERPRAPANOM
IC FORMAT (/#5YP*SEPIMAJCR AXIS -**G16s10,*KH*/5Xv
1 *ECCENTRICITY ROPG16*10/5X#
2 *INCLINATION w**G16e1O,*DEG*/5Xv

A-6
 NSWC TR 83-3 1

08.39.13 03/11/83

CALL ADJUST
CALL OUTD(1)
C
PRINT 14
14 FORMAT(///p5XP*PCST-ADJUS7 KEPLERIAN ELEMENTS AND CARTESIAN VECTOR
is*)
C

E=E+DE
INCeINC*DI*100*/I

PERePERoDk*180@/PI

RA=RA4DOM*180*/PI

ANCMwANOf4.DTA#160e/ I
TAIaTAI.DTA
C
CALL OU1K(AEpItNCPERpRApANO4)
C
CALL MNAN(TAIEAM)
C
CALL POSVEL (AE,IAH, WOMU, XsYZPXDYDZDR.V)
C
CALL OUTCCX#YPZXOYOZCRV)
C
STOP
C
C
C*****BEGIN MODEwi PROCESSING
C
C
100 READ *,*NBAt4EPANGPIDCPVB*VE#VG
C
C*****CONVERT TO RADIAN MEASURE AND KM. PER SEC.
C
A~oANB*PI/18C*
A~eANE*PI/180*
AGmANG*PI/18C*
C
VeReVB/10000
VERaVE/1OCO.
VeReVG/10.

C
PRINT 10
PRINT 110
110~ FORMAT(///v1Xp$PODEwl ORBIT PARAMETER CHANGE ENVELOPES*)
PRINT 10
C
IJAo( (AE-AB)/AG)42
Ij~w( (VER-VSPl/VGR 142
C
DO 12C JeI.IJV

A-5
 NSWC TR 83-3 1

08.39.13 03/11/83

C
C
COMMPON/ELEM/ApE, IWPO
COPMON/BURNJ/TAIDVIPDVCPDVR
4
C CIION/DEL TA/DRADRPDPDADE,DIDW,D01,DLj,DTA
C
REAL INC.IML
C
DATA PI/,1415q265359/,MU/3986009e/
C
C
C
READ *p MODE
READ Op AEINC
READ *# PERPA
C
C*****COhiVERT DEGREES TO RADIANS
C

WePER*PI/lece
0sPA*PI/1EPO.
C
C*****SELECT PRCPEP MCDE LOGIC
C
IF(MODE.EO.1) C-C TO 10C
IF(MOD~eEQo2) GO TO 200
C
C*****ENTER THE MCDEwo PROCESSING
C
READ *,ANCP#,CELIpDELCvOELR
C
TAImAN04'*FI/100
DVIwDELI/100C.e
DVCsDELC/1000*
OVR.DFLR/ 10C.
C
PRINT 10
10 FORFAMH1I)
PRINT 11
11 FORMAT(///1Xp*MODEmO ORBIT ADJUST DESIGN*)
C
22C PRIN4T 12
12 FORMATC///,5Y,*PREADJUST KEPLERZAIJ ELEMENTS AND CARTFSIAN VECTORS*
1)
CALL 0UTK(AEDIWCiPER#RA#ANOM)
C
CALL MNAN(IAI#EAM)
C
CALL POSVEL (AEIAIPWCPUPXYPZPXDYDZDR,*V)
C
CALL OUTC(X*YPZ#XOYDPZD#R#V)
C
C*****COMPUTE THRUST INDUCED CHANGES TO ORBITAL PAPAPETERS
C

A-4
 NSWC TR 83-31

0839.13 03111/P3

PRCGRAM ORBACJ (INPUTvCUTPUTpTAPE6sOUTPUT)

C
C
C * *
C * THIS PROGRAM COMPUTES THE CHANGES PRODUCED IN KEPLERIAN *
C * ELEMENTS AND OTHER RELATED ORBITAL PARAMETERS DUE TO IMPULSIVE ,
C * THRUSTING. THREE COMPUTATIONAL MODES ARE AVAILABLE AND ARE *
C * DELINEATED IN THE INPUT CARD STRUCTURE BELOW *
C * *
C * *
C * CARD lt CCPPUTATIONAL MODE FLAG (MODE). FOR *
C * MODEmO ORBITAL PARAMETER CHANGES AND PRE- AND POST- *
C * ORBIT ADJUST KEPLERIAN ELEMENTS AND THE *
C * ASSOCIATED CARTESIAN POSITION AND VELOCITY *
C * COMPONENTS ARE COMPUTED BASED UPON A USERS *
C * DESIGN. *
C * PODE-1 ORBITAL PARAMETER CHANGES ARE COMPUTED FOR A *
C * USER SPECIFIED DELTA-VELOCITY RANGE AND *
C * GRANULARITY AND IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY RANGE *
C * AND GRANULARITY. *
C * MCDE-2 AN INTRACK DELTA-VELOCITY AND IGNITION TRUE *
C * ANOMALY ARE COMPUTED FOR A USER SPECIFIED *
C * PERIOD AND ARGUPENT OF PERIGEE CHANGE. ALSO *
C * COMPUTED ARE THE ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE *
C * ORBITAL PARAMETERS. *
C * *
C * CARD 21 FIRST KEPLERIAN ELEMENT CARD CONTAINING IN FREE FORMAT *
C * THE SEMI-MAJOR AXIS IN KILOMETERS, THE ECCENTRICITY, *
C * AND THE INCLINATION IN DEGREES. *
C * *
C * CARD 3s SECCND KEPLERIAN ELEMENT CARD CONTAINING IN FREE FORMAT*
C * THE ARGUPENT OF PERIGEE AND RIGHT ASCENSION OF THE *
C * ASCENDING NODE BOTH EXPRESSED IN DEGREES. *
C * *
C * FOR MODEsC ONLY 3
C •
C * CARD 41 IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY IN DEGREES, IN-TRACK VELOCITY *
C * IMPULSE IN METERS PER SECOND# CROSS-TRACK VELOCITY *
C * IMFLLSE IN METERS PER SECOND# AND RADIAL VELOCITY *
C * IMPULSE IN METERS PFR SECOND e *
C * *
C * FOR MODEal ONLY 3 *
C * *
C * CARD 41 STARTING IGNITION TRUE ANOMALYP STOPPING IGNITION TRUE *
C * ANCMALYP IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY GRANULARITY ALL IN *
C * DEGREES1 IMPULSE DIRECTION CODE (wO FOR IN-TRACK,.1 *
C * FOR CROSS-TRACKP*2 FOR RADIAL) ASSOCIATED STARTING *
C * IMPULSE, STOPPING IMPULSEP AND IMPULSE GRANULARITY *
C * (ALL IN METERS PER SECOND). *
C *
C * FOR NIDEs2 ONLY 3 *
C * *
C * CARD 4t THE DESIRED PERIOD CHANGE IN SECONDS; THE DESIRED *
C * CHANGE IN ARGUMENT OF PFRIGEE IN DEGREES. *
C * *

A-3

A.. . . % . . . . • ° . . . . o - -
 NSWC TR 83-3 1

APPENDIX A

USTING OF PROGRAM ORBADJ

A-1
 NSWC TR 83-31

impulse range and granularity and ignition true anomaly range and granularity. The last mode
computes the in-track velocity impulse and ignition true anomaly required to produce a
user-supplied period change and argument of perigee rotation. Changes in the orbital parameters
are also computed, as well as the associated preadjust and postadjust Keplerian elements and
Cartesian position and velocity components. A listing of this program is provided in
Appendix A. Samples of ORBADJ output are presented in Appendix B.

12

:-. .........
,......... ..... .....-..--..-.......- y . .-..-. ....-..-..-... '..-..-,--.....'--..-.-...-..-.....'.-...,.....-' ..-...-..-.....-..-.. :'
 NSWC TR 83-31

4.0-

3.0- P 7000 s
P = 6500 s
P= 6100s
P =5600 s
2.0 P -5200s

1.0-

0.0 I I I I I
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY (deg)

FIGURE 9. CHANGE IN ORBITAL PERIOD PER UNIT IN-TRACK

VELOCITY IMPULSE

To illustrate the utility of Figures 1 through 9, consider the simple example where an
orbit adjust must be designed for a low-altitude satellite operating in a 5200-s orbit. It is
required that this adjust increase the period by 40 s with no corresponding change in perigee
. distance. From Figure 9 it is seen that an in-track velocity impulse of approximately 20 m/s
applied at any true anomaly will increase the period by 40 s. Since no change in perigee
* distance is wanted, the thrust must be applied at perigee (i.e., a true anomaly of 0°).
However, as can be seen from Figures 3 and 7, the eccentricity and apogee distance will
be increased by about 5.1 x 10- 1 and 66 km, respectively. Since cross-track thrusting is not
applied, the inclination, right ascension of the ascending node, and true argument of latitude
will not be changed.

REMARKS CONCERNING PROGRAM ORBADJ

The exact impulsive thrust equations of the Formulations section have been implemented
into an NSWC computer program called ORBADJ. This program can be used to provide
initial orbit adjust designs and can operate in one of three different user selectable modes.
The first mode computes orbital parameter changes, pre- and post-orbit adjust Keplerian ele-
ments, and the associated Cartesian position and velocity components based on a user-supplied
-* design. The second mode computes orbital parameter changes based on a user-supplied velocity

C I,
 NSWC TR 83-31

P =7000 s
4.0-

P =6000 s

E 3.0-

<~ 2.0-

P 5200 s

0.0-
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY (deg)

FIGURE 7. CHANGE IN APOGEE RADIAL DISTANCE PER UNIT

IN-TRACK VELOCITY IMPULSE
5.0-
P 7000 s

4.0- P 6000 s

vE 3.0-

2.0-

1.0--P 50

0.0-
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY (deg)

FIGURE 8. CHANGE IN PERIGEE RADIAL DISTANCE PER UNIT

IN-TRACK VELOCITY IMPULSE

10
 NSWC TR 83-31

8.0 -..
8.0
6.0- P =7000 s - -.
6.0- -6.0

40- P -- 4.0

2.0- --- 2.0 -4

z
0.0- - 0.0

-2.0-- -- 2.0 9.
"
-4,0- P 5200 s-4.
-2.0-- -- 4.0

-6.0-- 6.0

-8.0-- 8.0

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

IGNITION TRUE ARGUMENT OF LATITUDE (deg)

FIGURE 5. CHANGES IN RIGHT ASCENSION OF ASCENDING NODE

AND TRUE ARGUMENT OF LATITUDE PER UNIT CROSS-
TRACK VELOCITY IMPULSE

" P = 7000 s
1.0-- - -1.0
P 6000 s

E
P =5200s
0.0- 0.0

1.0
I I I I I

0 60 120 180 240 300 360

IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY (deg)

FIGURE 6. CHANGES IN APOGEE AND PERIGEE RADIAL DISTANCE

PER UNIT RADIAL VELOCITY IMPULSE

.1
.. i. ;-.'.--.'
.. '..-.--( ' . - . ,.. -.-- --. '' . .--.- ,v..-...- ....---..--.. ''- '..' .- .' . -".' '.".-.:. .... F
 NSWC TR 83-31

3.0-
P =7000 s
2.0-

61E 1.0-

I 0.0- P=6000s

.c~-1.0- P 5200 s

-2.0-

-3.0-
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
IGNITION TRUE ANOMALY (deg)

FIGURE 3. CHANGE IN ECCENTRICITY PER UNIT IN-TRACK

VELOCITY IMPULSE

8.0
- P 7000 s
6.0-- P 60008 s

4.0-

• i E 2.0--

0.0-

> -2.0

-4.0- P 5200 s

-6.0-

"I -8.0 I I II
0 60 120 180 240 300 360

IGNITION TRUE ARGUMENT OF LATITUDE (deg)

FIGURE 4. CHANGE IN INCLINATION PER UNIT CROSS-TRACK

VELOCITY IMPULSE

*.

,..

8
.... . . . . .- . . . . - . . -
A.

4.-
 - ~-j~ - - ~~
7- ' ~-.....-.

NSWC TR 83-31

APPENDIX B

SAMPLE ORBADJ OUTPUT

B-1
 NSWC TR 83-3 1

v ;

of

4-.

0I 0

W a;

In~0 C.4 .

or ~~~ aaP .
ul 0

1. 1

4 4-AlW.
CA
W
0
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~
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mC
0 0L)
~ ~ ~In ~1AaI
I-~~~~~ ~~ ~ ul
nCA(~
1-;WWII
( aP , NL
A
.
(

z 0 0
a ~~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ir r a nz E z r ~ l

in La

0-

KUJ A UJ 'D M (/A Km tA0 ywwam3

-4 'm C. a e
I- Z F -r9 4P 0 1,J
Uj 4.. ataa NUWa to
us aaa a 'a a la 0 .. .Daaa
Aa W .4L~o4 4y
(A (A S0 (A4 Ty 10@*
U. .. 4 *L 1 4.4 1 1AO'
't W p'M
x. .0.. .1 11i WWto a ifA. 4ll P" N.4 It W
Is1 W fI
~ . *0.er')a(A~l m ZA Ca (A fL .4*0'4j -a (A (
.46, C3 P-Pa- .
% C-4 '( '3 Cugege a2 03 0-) A0 0
4-9 a-Ca Xa Q4C 4. 0 3.159 *9 a-9z oo- CL
19-Cj 0. - 9s 92141 a. 4 a~.('a -9 3 0 JKW00 itV
I4 a -4 W .K (A I I Z KKKI..
12
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La 4.J.. . * *,4~ .l- a . W. *B-3L

(.4*47 LI
4* 44L J~V(A . 4. 41- WI *E4W W.'
 NSWC TR 83-3 1

.4 4 .1 .0 .4 p. a a N 4 0 .0 0 m. .4 N -t u%
A I4 "4 .0
z
4 4 . 4 .4 W4 .4 .1 N N N N fN fu m4 in on on n pi

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 o. *. .. M,7

NSWC TR 83-3 1

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 NSWC TR 83-31

DISTRIBUTION

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(1)

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