Example 7: Reduced Diesel Fuel and Quake Variation Page 1 of 2

GRLWEAP Standard Examples

Example 7: Reduced Diesel Fuel and Quake

Variation
The echo print of the input data and the numerical output from the Wave Equation
Analysis is contained in the Example 7 Output file both for English and SI Units. Although
it was attempted to limit differences between this example and the corresponding one of
earlier GRLWEAP versions, differences may be noted. Please note that descriptions of
basic input features of GRLWEAP have been included in earlier examples and may not be
repeated here.

7.1 Situation

This example demonstrates the use of theFuel Setting input for stress control
when analyzing pile installation with a diesel hammer. Also the effect of a
change of quake on blow count will be demonstrated. In this hypothetical
situation, a 75 ft (22.9 m) long steel pile with 16.8 inch2(108 cm2) cross
sectional area is driven by a D-30 hammer through coarse grained soil [only
40 kips (178 kN) skin friction] to rock. The shaft resistance is uniformly
distributed except for a triangular portion over the bottom 7 ft. Damping
factors of 0.05 s/ft (.16 s/m) and 0.15 s/ft (.5 s/m) as typically
recommended were used for shaft and toe. Use a shaft resistance percentage
of 40.

7.2 Data Input

The four cases were run as follows:

A Full fuel, using GRLWEAP Fuel Setting Max, and shaft and toe quakes of 0.1 and 0.15
inches (2.54 and 3.81 mm), respectively.
B Reduced fuel, using GRLWEAP Fuel Setting Max-2. Quakes were the same as with
Case A.
C Full fuel and quakes of 0.05 inch (1.27 mm) for both shaft and toe. Edit quake values
on the main input screen.
D Reduced fuel as with Case B. Quakes were the same as with Case C.
Note on Hammer Fuel Setting:
The D-30 has a 10-step pump. Actual hammer setting 10 corresponds to the
maximum fuel setting in GRLWEAP (or 100% on the Main Input Screen). GRLWEAP
offers four additional combustion pressure values. The lowest GRLWEAP Fuel Setting
is Min which corresponds to actual hammer setting 1, or the minimum energy
setting. The second highest program Fuel Setting is Max-2 and the third lowest Max-
3, which is about halfway between maximum and minimum settings. To change fuel
settings, click Options/General Options/Stroke and then select the desired Fuel
Setting.

7.3 Results

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\PDI\GRLWEAP%202010\GRLWE... 25.11.2016
Example 7: Reduced Diesel Fuel and Quake Variation Page 2 of 2

The results indicate pile stresses beyond yield for high capacities and full fuel.
The fuel reduction decreases the stroke and stresses but increases the blow
count. For small quakes, because of the high soil stiffness, the highest
stresses occur at the pile bottom (this is shown in the numerical summary
output,i.e.in the *.GWO files). Lowering the quakes also reduces the high
blow counts. The reader is encouraged to reanalyze these cases with higher
capacities albeit stresses then become intolerable for mild steel. Furthermore,
since blow counts are acceptable at Fuel Setting Max-2, the minimum setting
should also be tried to produce more acceptable stresses. Note, however, that
a pile with a cross sectional area of 16.8 square inches (0.0108 m2) and a
yield strength of 36 ksi (248 MPa) cannot be driven to a capacity of (16.8)
(36) = 600 kips, or (0.0108)(248)/1000 = 2,680 kN, if the capacity is
relatively concentrated. This is because damping resistance causes increased
pile stresses to values above capacity divided by cross sectional area. If
higher capacities are required, then either the pile's steel strength or its cross
sectional area have to be increased.

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\PDI\GRLWEAP%202010\GRLWE... 25.11.2016