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Heat Exchangers

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What is Heat Exchanger ?

A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient

heat transfer from one medium to another

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Size of HE

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TEMA

Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers

Association, Inc. (TEMA) is trade
association of leading manufacturers of
shell and tube heat exchangers, who have
pioneered the research and development of
heat exchangers for over sixty years.

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???

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BASIC IDEA

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The components

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Basis of Design

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Basis of Design

•Are there any phase changes expected to occur in the heat exchanger?
•Are there any dissolved gases in either stream?
•Are there any dissolved or suspended solids in either stream?
•What are the operating pressures of the streams?
•How much pressure loss is available in the exchanger (for existing pumps)?
•What are the fouling tendencies of the fluids involved?
•Are either of the fluids non-newtonian?
•Are either of the fluids corrosive? What material of constructions are required?
•What types of elastomers and/or compression gaskets are compatible with the fluids?
•Are either of the fluids considered lethal to plant personnel?
•Is mechanical cleaning expected to be necessary for one or both fluids?
•Is there a cleaning solution that may be effective for the exchanger?
•How much room is required for maintenance of the new exchanger?

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The Fluid types

1.
1.High
High pressure fluids
2.
2.Corrosive
Corrosive fluids
3.
3.Fouling
Fouling fluids
4.
4.Viscous
Viscous fluids
5.
5.Slurries
Slurries or fluids with significant solid loading

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TEMA Classification

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TEMA Classification

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Plate type HE

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Re Boiler

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Fouling

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Working Principle

• Shell and tube heat exchangers are one of the

most common equipment found in all plants

How it works?

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What are they used for?

Classification according to service .

Heat Exchanger
Both sides single phase and process stream

Cooler
One stream process fluid and the other cooling water or air

Heater
One stream process fluid and heating utility as steam

Condenser
One stream condensing vapor and the other cooling water or air

Reboiler
One stream bottom stream from a distillation column and the other a hot utility
or process stream

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Main Components

1- Channel Cover 8- Shell

2- Channel 9- Baffles
3- Channel Flange 10- Floating Head backing Device
4- Pass Partition 11- Floating Tubesheet
5- Stationary Tubesheet 12- Floating Head
6- Shell Flange 13- Floating Head Flange
7- Tube 14 –Shell Cover

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Front Head

Front Head Type

A - Type B - Type C - Type

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Shell

Shell Type

E - Type F - Type

J - Type
K - Type
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Rear Head

Rear End Head Types

M - Type S - Type T - Type

Fixed Tubesheet Floating Head Pull-Through
Floating Head

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Classification:

U-Tube Heat Exchanger

Fixed Tube sheet Heat Exchanger

Floating Tube sheet Heat exchanger

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A E S (Example)

AES
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Heat Exchangers Mechanical

Design

Terminology

Design data

Material selection

Codes overview

Sample calculations

Hydrostatic test

Sample drawing

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Terminology

• ASME
• TEMA
• API
• MAWP
• MDMT
• PWHT
• NPS – DN – NB – NPT
• Sch - BWG
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Design Data

Heat Exchanger Data Sheet :

TEMA type

Design pressure

Design temperature

Dimensions / passes

Tubes ( dimensions, pattern)

Nozzles & Connections

Baffles (No. & Type)

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Material Selection

Strength

Cost Material Corrosion

& Resistance
Availability Selection

Fabricability

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Strength

A – Yield Strength

B – Tensile Strength

C – Rupture point

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Strength

• Creep Strength
a slow plastic strain increased by time and temperature
(time and temperature dependant) for stressed materials

• Fatigue Strength
The term “fatigue” refers to the situation where a specimen
breaks under a load that it has previously withstood for a
length of time

• Toughness
The materials capacity to absorb energy, which, is
dependant upon strength as well as ductility

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ASME code overview

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TEMA code overview

TEMA classes:

Class R: Generally severe requirements for petroleum

Class C: Generally moderate requirements of commercial

Class B: Chemical Process service

TEMA subsections

10 subsection

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Nozzles and standard flanges

 Flange Rating (ASME B16.5)

 Area replacement calculations

 Nozzle neck thickness calculations

 Impingement protection

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Tube Sheet

• Tubesheet is the principal barrier between shell side and tube side

• Made from around flat piece of metal with holes drilled for the tubes

• Tubes shall be uniformly distributed

• Tubesheet thickness shall be designed for both sides

• Tubesheet shall be designed for bending stresses and shear

stresses
• Corrosion allowance

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Tube Sheet Thickness

• Tubesheet thickness for Shear:

T: Effective tubesheet thickness

DL: Effective diameter of the tube center parameter DL=4A/C

C: Perimeter of the tube layout

A: Total area enclosed by the Perimeter C
P: Design pressure
S: Allowable stress
do: Outside tube diameter

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Tube--to
Tube to--Tube sheet joint

Expanded

Strength welded

Seal welded

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Hydrostatic Test

Test pressure : 1.3 X MAWP

Test Procedure

Gasket change

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Sample Drawing

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Discussions

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