The document discusses different types of sequences. A trivial sequence is one where each term is 1 greater than the previous term. An almost trivial sequence is defined by xn+1 = x^2n - 1, with x0 ≥ 2, forming a unique sequence for each initial value x. A P-sequence has consecutive terms that form a pair in P and are increasing, but not all P-sequences are trivial or almost trivial. For example, a P-sequence could alternate between trivial and almost trivial terms. Trivial sequences uniquely satisfy the property xn*xn+2 = x^2n+1 - 1, but almost trivial sequences do not satisfy this property.
The document discusses different types of sequences. A trivial sequence is one where each term is 1 greater than the previous term. An almost trivial sequence is defined by xn+1 = x^2n - 1, with x0 ≥ 2, forming a unique sequence for each initial value x. A P-sequence has consecutive terms that form a pair in P and are increasing, but not all P-sequences are trivial or almost trivial. For example, a P-sequence could alternate between trivial and almost trivial terms. Trivial sequences uniquely satisfy the property xn*xn+2 = x^2n+1 - 1, but almost trivial sequences do not satisfy this property.
The document discusses different types of sequences. A trivial sequence is one where each term is 1 greater than the previous term. An almost trivial sequence is defined by xn+1 = x^2n - 1, with x0 ≥ 2, forming a unique sequence for each initial value x. A P-sequence has consecutive terms that form a pair in P and are increasing, but not all P-sequences are trivial or almost trivial. For example, a P-sequence could alternate between trivial and almost trivial terms. Trivial sequences uniquely satisfy the property xn*xn+2 = x^2n+1 - 1, but almost trivial sequences do not satisfy this property.
On the other hand, a sequence {xn }n∈N in which xn+1 = xn + 1
is called a trivial sequence. Therefore, every trivial sequence is determined by its first term and the largest trivial sequence always starts with x0 = 1.
We notice that for every x ∈ N\{0, 1}, we have that (x, x2 −1) ∈ P . This is derived from the relations:
x2 − 1 ≡ 0 (mod (x2 − 1))
and
(x2 − 1)2 − 1 = x4 − 2x2 = x(x3 − 2) ≡ 0 (mod x).
Cases of a pair of the form (x, x2 − 1) are thus named an almost
trivial pair. Consequently, a sequence {xn }n∈N , defined by xn+1 = x2n − 1 for every n ∈ N, and x0 ≥ 2, is sheer referred to as an almost trivial sequence. It is then the case that a unique almost trivial sequence with initial term x results if x ∈ N \ {0, 1}.
A sequence {xn }n∈N is called a P -sequence if xn < xn+1 and
(xn , xn+1 ) ∈ P . We can observe that not all P -sequences are either trivial or almost trivial. Indeed, it would it possible to build P -sequences alternating trivial and almost trivial terms. We also can obtain another class of sequences which are not strictly increasing. For example, we can remove the condition xn < xn+1 while maintaining the condition that each two consecutive terms form a pair in P .
An interesting property that every trivial sequence {xn }n∈N satisfies
is that, for every n ∈ N, the triplet (xn , xn+1 , xn+2 ) verifies
xn xn+2 = x2n+1 − 1. (4)
In contrast, it is evident that almost trivial sequences, which also
are P -sequences, do not satisfy (4).
We introduce a new sequence in the following definition.