Senior High School

Quarter 2 – Module 8:

21st Century Literary Genres

21st Century Literature from the Philippines & the World – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8: 21st Century Literary Genres
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to
locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owner. The publisher
and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Claudine Adriano
Editor: Redemption C. Guinto
Reviewer: Rolylyn H. Dado
Illustrator: Ralph Berly A. Pineda
Layout Artist: Ralph Berly A. Pineda
Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V
ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE
ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE
CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD
SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD
June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS

Published by: Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando,
Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph
 Introductory Message

Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on 21st Century Literary Genres.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the
K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at
their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century
skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep
track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

Welcome to the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on 21st Century Literary Genres.

Literature is said to be the mirror of the society. Through it, we could be able to perceive vast knowledge
and insight on the traditions, beliefs, culture, and the multiple windows of the world. It links us with
the crowd of which we are a part to make connections with other human beings and their concerns.
With the 21st Century literary genres that emerged, greater opportunities to stimulate our imagination
and ingenuity and to see the world in different vantage points are waving at us.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner.
 With increasing globalization, intersections of cultures and more vocal discussions about
the world we have today, we use variety of techniques to express ourselves and to better
understand the society we live in.
We become up-to-date with the new trends of discovering ourselves, shouting our inner
thoughts, empathizing with others, and creating our own future.
As we live in the 21st century, we start to write our own blogs, create digital poetry, watch
science fiction and horror movies, create graphs and doodles, and use other genres in crafting
literary pieces.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1.Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and their
elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe;
2.Create a critical paper that analyzes literary texts in relation to the context
of the reader and the writer or a critical paper that interprets literary texts
using any of the critical approaches.

Example:
PERTOY = POETRY
Description: It is a genre of literature that expresses ideas and feelings in a
metrical form.

Re-arrange the given jumbled letters to form their corresponding literary genres.
Afterwards, write a short description or characteristic that best describes each. Use a separate
sheet of paper to write your answer.
1. DAMAR 6. ECVIRTAE NOONNITCIF
2. ORSPE FCINTIO 7. GAPHRIC NOLEV
3. OIONNITCFN OSREP 8. GAMNA
4. GLOB 9. DLDOEO TIOFNIC
5. LFASH NICFOTI 10. SECPEUATLIV CTFIONI
 Comparing and contrasting the various 21st century literary genres and their elements,
structures, and traditions from across the globe are great avenues to better create and interpret
literary texts.

Read and analyze the given statements. Write T is you think the statement is a Truth,
and write L if it is a Lie. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answer.

__ 1. Blog is an abbreviated version of "weblog," which is a term used to describe websites

that maintain an ongoing chronicle of information.
__ 2. Flash fiction stories are extremely long, typically contains a thousand words or longer
in its entirety.
__ 3. Manga is a style of Chinese comic books typically aimed at adults as well as children.
__ 4. Doodle Fiction is a literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle drawing
and handwritten graphics in place of traditional format.
__ 5. Creative nonfiction uses literary styles and techniques to create imaginary narratives.

Do you know what a Literary Genre is?

A Literary Genre is an artistic category or style of writing. It allows literary critics and
students to classify compositions within the larger canon of literature. Genre (pronounced
ˈzhän-rə) is derived from the French phrase genre meaning “kind” or “type.”
Each literary genre has its unique and important features that will aid the intended readers
in fully analyzing a literary text.
Read and comprehend carefully the elements of various 21st century literary genres.
1. Poetry
As poetry has evolved, it has taken on numerous forms, but in general, poetry is the
genre of literature which has some form of meter or rhyme with focus based on syllable counts,
musicality, and division of lines (lineation). Unlike prose which runs from one end of the page
to the other, poetry is typically written in lines and blocks of lines known as stanzas. Poetry
may be in the form of narrative, lyrical, or dramatic.
2. Drama
Drama is a text which has been written with the intention of being performed for an
audience. Dramas range from plays to improvisations on stage. Its two main types are Tragedy
and Comedy.

3. Non-fiction Prose
Prose is a form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It applies a natural flow
of speech, and ordinary grammatical structure, rather than rhythmic structure.
Non-fiction prose refers to any literary work that is based mainly on facts. This includes
autobiography, biography, character sketch, diary or journal, editorial, and essay.

4. Prose Fiction
Prose Fiction is a literary work that is wholly or partly imagined or theoretical. Examples
of this are myths, legends, parables, fables, fairy tales, short stories, novels, and novellas.

5. Creative Nonfiction
The words “creative” and “nonfiction” describe the form. The word “creative” refers to the
use of literary craft, the techniques fiction writers, playwrights, and poets employ to present
nonfiction—factually accurate prose about real people and events—in a compelling, vivid,
dramatic manner. The goal is to make nonfiction stories read like fiction so that your readers
are as captivated by fact as they are by fantasy.
This creative nonfiction type of literature can be in the form of an essay, a journal article,
a research paper, a memoir, or a poem; it can be personal or not, or it can be all of these.

6. Hyperpoetry
This genre, also called cyberpoetry, is a form of digital poetry that uses links using
hypertext mark-up. It refers to works of verse (although not necessarily in lines and stanzas)
which could not be presented without the computer.
Hyperpoetry includes verse with links to sub-poems or footnotes, poetry “generators,”
poetry with movement or images. It is usually highly steeped in the visual and sometimes
involves parts that are read in varying orders.

7. Blog
Blog (abbreviated version of "weblog") is an online journal or informational website
displaying information in the reverse chronological order. A blog features diary-type
commentary and links to articles on other websites. It is also a platform where a writer or even
a group of writers share their views on an individual subject.
A typical blog includes:
• Header with the menu or navigation bar
• Main content area with highlighted or latest blog posts
• Sidebar with social profiles, favorite content, or call-to-action
• Footer with relevant links like a disclaimer, privacy policy, contact page, etc.

8. Mobile Phone Text Tula

A particular example of this poem is a tanaga, a type of Filipino poem, consisting of four
lines with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line - that is to say a 7-
7-7-7 syllabic verse, with an AABB rhyme scheme. The modern tanaga still uses the 7777
syllable count, but rhymes range from dual rhyme forms: AABB, ABAB, ABBA; to freestyle
forms such as AAAB, BAAA, or ABCD. Tanagas do not have titles traditionally because the
tanaga should speak for itself. However, moderns can opt to give them titles. They are being
sent through SMS on mobile phone with friends, families, loved ones, and through netizens.

9. Chick Lit
Chick lit is a genre fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often
humorously and lightheartedly. Chick lit or Chick literature consists of heroine-centered
narratives that focus on the trials and tribulations of their individual protagonists.
Although it sometimes includes romantic elements, chick lit is generally not considered a
direct subcategory of the romance novel genre, because the heroine's relationship with her
family or friends is often just as important as her romantic relationships.

10. Speculative Fiction

Speculative fiction is a term, attributed to Robert Heinlein in 1941, that has come to be used
to collectively describe works in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, supernatural,
superhero, utopian and dystopian, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic, and alternate history.
Speculative fiction is a broad category of narrative fiction that includes elements, settings
and characters created out of imagination and speculation rather than based on reality and
everyday life.

11. Flash Fiction

Flash fiction is another genre of literature in which stories are extremely short and often
consists of a few hundred words or fewer in its entirety.
This is quite different to the concept of a short story, which is usually several pages
long and can notch up thousands of words. Works of flash fiction, by contrast, can comprise as
little as a single page or 250 words. This has to cover a lot of ground with few words. Imagine
the typical story arch with a beginning, rising action, climax, and conclusion. Many flash
fiction stories are able to touch on all of those elements, all within the strict word count. The
word limit provides a very creative challenge.

12. Digi Fiction

Digital Fiction is fiction that is written for and read from a computer and can be web- or
app-based (for tablets and smartphones) or accessed via CD-ROMs. Digital fictions are
different to e-books, however. Rather than existing as a digital version of a print novel, digital
fictions are what are known as “born digital” – that is, they would lose something of their
aesthetic and/or structural form and meaning if they were removed from the digital medium.
For example, they may contain hyperlinks, moving images, mini-games or sound effects.
Further, unlike e-books in which the reader moves from one page to another in a linear fashion,
in many digital fictions, the reader has a role in constructing the narrative, either by selecting
hyperlinks or by controlling a character’s journey through the story world.
Digital fictions require the reader’s interaction with the narrative throughout the reading
experience and include texts such as hypertext fictions, flash fictions and some video games. In
order to get to the full story, the reader must engage in navigation, reading, viewing in all three
formats.

13. Graphic Novel

Graphic Novel is a type of text combining words and images—essentially a comic,
although the term most commonly refers to a complete story presented as a book rather than
a periodical. They are similar to comic books because they use sequential art to tell a story.
However, they are generally standalone stories with more complex plot. In graphic novels, the
story is told using pictures in sequence, panels, speech balloons, and other conventions of the
comic book form and format. Figurative language, symbolism, and other literary devices may
also be present.

14. Manga
This is a Japanese or Japanese-influenced comics. It is usually printed in black-and-white.
There are many genres inside manga, the most distinct being shojo (for girls) and shonen (for
boys).

15. Doodle Fiction

It is a literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle drawing and handwritten
graphics in place of traditional format. Drawings enhance the story, often adding humorous
elements that would be missing if the illustrations were omitted.

16. Illustrated Novel

It is a narrative medium that utilizes both images and text to tell a story. It is certainly word-
based with a scattering of illustrations, usually of critical turning points of the story. Here, the
reader must interpret the images to comprehend completely the story. Textual portions are
presented in a traditional form. Some illustrated novels may contain no text at all.

17. Text-talk novels

These stories are told almost completely in dialogue simulating social network
exchanges.

Discussion of Activity 1
From the given illustrations, identify the literary genre that was used by the writer. Use a
separate sheet of paper to write your answer.
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co.uk/ tures/b
pin/830 est-of-
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blogs/
1. 2.
Literary Genre: ___________________ Literary Genre: ___________________

https://
mariao https://
cubillo. www.pi
wordpr nterest.
ess.co pt/pin/1
m/2017 296192
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ext- 55875/
tula/
3. 4.
Literary Genre: ___________________ Literary Genre: ___________________
 https://
people.
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5.
Literary Genre: ___________________

Read carefully the given selection. Afterwards, answer meaningfully the discussion
questions. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answer. (2 points each)

Coraline (Excerpt)
by Neil Gaiman
(Novel - England)
It sounded like her mother. Coraline went into the kitchen, where the voice had come from.
A woman stood in the kitchen with her back to Coraline. She looked a little like Coraline’s
mother. Only…
Only her skin was white as paper.
Only she was taller and thinner.
Only her fingers were too long, and they never stopped moving, and her dark red fingernails
were curved and sharp.
“Coraline?” the woman said. “Is that you?”
And then she turned around. Her eyes were big black buttons.
“Lunchtime, Coraline,” said the woman.
“Who are you?” asked Coraline.
“I’m your other mother,” said the woman. “Go and tell your other father that lunch is
ready,” She opened the door of the oven. Suddenly Coraline realized how hungry she was. It
smelled wonderful. “Well, go on.”
Coraline went down the hall, to where her father’s study was. She opened the door. There
was a man in there, sitting at the keyboard, with his back to her. “Hello,” said Coraline. “I – I
mean, she said to say that lunch is ready.”
The man turned around.
His eyes were buttons, big and black and shiny.
“Hello Coraline,” he said. “I’m starving.”
He got up and went with her into the kitchen. They sat at the kitchen table, and Coraline’s
other mother brought them lunch. A huge, golden-brown roasted chicken, fried potatoes, tiny
green peas. Coraline shoveled the food into her mouth. It tasted wonderful.
“We’ve been waiting for you for a long time,” said Coraline’s other father.
“For me?”
 “Yes,” said the other mother. “It wasn’t the same here without you. But we knew you’d
arrive one day, and then we could be a proper family. Would you like some more chicken?”
It was the best chicken that Coraline had ever eaten. Her mother sometimes made chicken,
but it was always out of packets or frozen, and was very dry, and it never tasted of anything.
When Coraline’s father cooked chicken he bought real chicken, but he did strange things to it,
like stewing it in wine, or stuffing it with prunes, or baking it in pastry, and Coraline would
always refuse to touch it on principle.
She took some more chicken.
“I didn’t know I had another mother,” said Coraline, cautiously.
“Of course you do. Everyone does,” said the other mother, her black button eyes gleaming.
“After lunch I thought you might like to play in your room with the rats.”
“The rats?”
“From upstairs.”
Coraline had never seen a rat, except on television. She was quite looking forward to it.
This was turning out to be a very interesting day after all.
Discussion Questions:
1. Have you ever wished that you had a different mother or father? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________
2. How would you describe Coraline?
__________________________________________________________________
3. How would you describe The Other Mother?
__________________________________________________________________
4. What is the conflict of the story?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What is the literary genre used in the selection? How did it add color to the text?
__________________________________________________________________

Watch the full movie “Coraline” found on youtube

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDXqxHVnvZk) and write a 200-word critique paper
about it. Remember that your critique paper provides your arguments, analysis, and evaluation
on the story. If you do not have any access to ICT or online, you may read the summary of the
story provided below. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your critique paper.
You will be rated through this Rubric:
Content = 10 pts.
Organization of Ideas= 5 pts.
Grammar & Mechanics = 5 pts.

Coraline: A Summary
The story revolves around the very strange experiences Coraline has when she and
her parents move into an apartment in an old house. Although her parents work from home,
the protagonist often feels lonely and isolated. In the course of exploring the house, she finds
a weird door with a brick wall behind it. One day, when Coraline's parents are away, she opens
up that weird door again, and finds a passageway to another world where she has "other"
parents. She discovers a woman in the kitchen that looks like her mother—with a few
differences. The woman is taller, thinner, pale, and has black buttons in the place of her eyes.
 It appears that Coraline has encountered a world that is an alternate version of her
reality, complete with an "other mother" and "other father." She is scared by the characters
in the alternate world. Her other mother and other father tell her that she can stay in this world
forever if she replaces her eyes with black buttons. Terrified, she returns back to the real
world, but she finds that her parents have gone missing. After she receives a message that
her real parents are endangered, she is forced to rescue them from the other world.
After further investigation, Coraline realizes that her other mother is the creator of
the other world and has trapped various children inside of it over the years. In order to free
all of the captured souls that are stuck in the other world, she negotiates with her other mother.
They decide that if Coraline successfully locates the three souls and her parents within the
other world, everyone can be set free.
Coraline sets out to locate each of the three missing souls. She is met with challenges
along the way, but she successfully overcomes all of her fears and finds the missing souls. In
addition, she finds that her parents are trapped within a small snow globe that rests on the
mantelpiece in the other world.
Although the other mother had previously agreed to let Coraline go if she
successfully completed her challenges, the other mother does not hold up her end of the deal.
Instead, Coraline is forced to narrowly escape from the other world. Safe and sound in the
real world, Coraline realizes that her parents never noticed that she had gone missing. At
night, she dreams that her victory against the other mother is not yet complete, as the other
mother's hand has escaped into the real world. Coraline successfully traps her other mother's
hand, and it falls into a well. The other mother has officially been defeated. In the last scene
of the novel, Coraline visits her neighbors, who acknowledge that balance has finally been
restored in their lives due to the villain’s demise. Coraline falls asleep in her bed before
beginning her first day of the new school year.

Identify the literary genre used in each selection. Then, explain the elements and
significance of the genre used. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answer. (5 pts. each)
1. Barcelona Travel Guide
Our month in Barcelona was amazing. We loved our neighborhood and found lots of great
places to eat (with and without kids). If you're planning a trip, here are some of our favorites:
STAY: We got an Airbnb in the Sant Antoni/Eixample neighborhood, right on the Poble Sec
metro stop, which we thought was a great location, especially for an extended stay with kids.
It was not touristy, but we had everything we needed within a 3 block radius. It's the area where
lots of new cute restaurants are, but it's not loud. It's a neighborhood of locals. It's not in the
cobblestone gothic quarter (which is very cute, but more crowded/loud/touristy) but it's still
very central. We walked all over from there, or took the metro a few stops to the downtown
area or other main attractions.
EAT: We ate a lot in our neighborhood because it had so many great, cute, hip options, so a lot
of these suggestions reflect that. With kids, we often opted to make lunch our main meal of the
day since a lot of restaurants don't serve food until 8pm (our kids' bedtime). Not all restaurants
offer lunch during the week, but most do on weekends. We tried to find restaurants that had
outdoor space which makes dining with kids easier. We did get a babysitter a couple times
(through 'Little Prince' agency) to have dinner out.
VISIT:
• Park Guell: my favorite Gaudi spot!
• Cable car to Montjuic: great view of the city + a castle
 • The beach near the Barceloneta neighborhood! Fun for a low-key break, especially with
kids.
Buen Viaje!
***
We spent a month in Barcelona in the Fall of 2017 as I was doing research on
Spanish/Mediterranean food for my upcoming cookbook, The Forest Feast Travels (Abrams,
Fall 2019). For more photos from our entire 3-month trip in Europe check out the
hashtag #forestfeasttravels on Instagram.

2. “Give It Up!” by Franz Kafka

It was very early in the morning, the streets clean and deserted, I was walking to the station.
As I compared the tower clock with my watch I realized that it was already much later than I
had thought, I had to hurry, the shock of this discovery made me unsure of the way, I did not
yet know my way very well in this town; luckily, a policeman was nearby, I ran up to him and
breathlessly asked him the way. He smiled and said: “From me you want to know the way?”
“Yes,” I said, “since I cannot find it myself.” “Give it up! Give it up,” he said, and turned away
with a sudden jerk, like people who want to be alone with their laughter. (128 words)

3. When life tells you to give up

Show the world there’s no times up
Do not stop chasing your dreams
Despite all the thousand screams.

Imagine that you are a 21st century writer. Think of your original and creative title using
each genre. Then, discuss briefly its plot and theme. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your
answer. (10 pts. each)
You will be rated through this Rubric:
Creativity = 5 pts.
Originality= 5 pts.

1. Chick Lit
2. Speculative Fiction

Using Venn Diagram, enumerate the similarities and differences of the given literary
genres. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answer. (5 pts. each)

Poetry Hyperpoetry

1.
 Prose Fiction Nonfiction
Prose

2.

Graphic Novel Illustrated

Novel

3.

Identify the 21st century literary genre being described on each statement. Use a separate
sheet of paper to write your answer.
____________1.It consists of four lines with seven syllables each with the rhyme scheme
abab, abba, or aabb.
____________2.It encompasses the fantastical fiction genres, specifically science fiction,
fantasy, horror, and other weird fictions.
____________3.It is a style of fictional literature or fiction of extreme brevity. It typically
contains a few hundred words or fewer in its entirety.
____________4.It is a very visual form, and is related to hypertext fiction and visual arts.
____________5.It features diary-type commentary and links to articles on other websites,
usually presented as a list of entries in chronological order.
____________6.It uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives.
____________7.It is a story that addresses issues of modern womanhood, often
humorously and lightheartedly
____________8.It combines the three forms of media which are book, movie/video and
internet website.
____________9.It refers to the Japanese novel for comics.
____________10. It is a literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle drawing
and handwritten graphics in place of traditional format.

Why is it important to be aware of different literary genres? Write a 3-5 sentence

explanation. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answer.
 Create a comic strip using your own template. Choose one from the given topics.
❖ Covid-19 ❖ ABS-CBN Shutdown
❖ School Year 2020-2021 ❖ Anti-Terrorism
❖ K-dramas
You may use colorful drawings to portray what has happened in the story. Also, use
dialogue bubbles to express what the characters are saying or feeling.
Use a short bond paper to create your comic strip.
You will be rated through this Rubric:

Creativity & Illustrations= 10 pts.

Humor = 5 pts.
Grammar & Mechanics = 5 pts.

Example:

https://www.makebeliefscomix.com/student-coronavirus-comic-strips/

It’s time for you to create your Personal Blog.

Personal blogs belong to individual writers who share their experiences,
adventures, and daily life with their audience. The purpose of personal blogging can be
anything like making a difference through positive stories or influencing readers with
own views.
As a personal blogger, you are tasked to write one blog that shows the greatest
adventure you’ve ever experienced and the lessons or realizations you’ve gained from
it. You may include photographs that will captivate the interest of your readers.
Once you are done, you may post it on any of your social media account and
don’t forget to tag your teacher. If you do not have any access to ICT or online, you
may write the content of your blog and paste/draw pictures related to it on a short bond
paper.
You will be rated through this Rubric:
Content = 15 pts.
Creativity = 10 pts.
Grammar & Mechanics = 5 pts.
 If you were an anime character from a Manga series, who would you like to be?
Paste / draw / sketch the picture of your chosen anime character on a short bond paper.
Then, write the title of the Manga series, the name of your chosen character, and explain briefly
your reason for choosing him/her.

3. Mobile Phone Text Tula

2. Flash Fiction The answers will vary.
1. Blog
Independent Activity #2
What’s More Assessment:
and All other Activities
5. Hyperpoetry
4. Speculative Fiction
10. Speculative Fiction 3. Mobile Phone Text Tula 10. Doodle Fiction
9. Doodle Fiction 2. Blog 9. Manga
8. Manga 1. Manga 8. Digi Fiction
7. Graphic Novel What Is It 7. Chick Lit
6. Creative Nonfiction 6. Creative Nonfiction
5. Flash Fiction 5. L 5. Blog
4. Blog 4. T 4. Hyperpoetry
3. Nonfiction Prose 3. L 3. Flash Fiction
2. Prose Fiction 2. L 2. Speculative Fiction
1. Drama 1. T 1. Mobile Phone Text Tula
What I Know What’s In Independent Assessment #3

References
Friesen, Calle. “21st Century Literary Genres”. Accessed October 19, 2011.
https://www.slideshare.net/darinjohn2/21st-century-literary-genres-by-calle-friesen
Gleeson, Erin. “Barcelona Travel Guide”. Accessed March 1, 2018.
https://www.theforestfeast.com/blog/2017/12/5/barcelona-travel-guide
Kuennen, Sue. “Hyperpoetry”.
http://www.kirkwood.edu/site/index.php?p=27725
Maxwell, Kerry. “Flash Fiction”. Accessed September 3, 2013.
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/buzzword/entries/flash-fiction.html
Nataf, Emmanuel. “7 Flash Fiction Stories That Are Worth (a Tiny Amount of) Your Time”. Accessed October 12,
2018.
https://electricliterature.com/7-flash-fiction-stories-that-are-worth-a-tiny-amount-of-your-time/
Skrba, Anya. “What is a Blog? – The Definition of Blog, Blogging, and Blogger”. Accessed February 21, 2020.
https://firstsiteguide.com/what-is-blog/
“21st Century: Graphic Novels, Manga, and Digi Fiction”. Accessed September 29, 2015.
http://teachingwithfiction.blogspot.com/2015/09/21st-century-graphic-novels-manga-and.html
“Coraline by Neil Gaiman”.
https://memoirsabsolute29.blogspot.com/2016/10/coraline-by-neil-gaiman-england.html
“Coraline Summary”.
https://www.gradesaver.com/coraline/study-guide/summary
“Genres”.
https://www.goodreads.com/genres/
“Literary Terms.” Literary Terms. June 1, 2015. Accessed November 3, 2016. https://literaryterms.net/.
“What is Digital Fiction”.
https://readingdigitalfiction.com/about/what-is-digital-fiction/
Illustrations:
https://www.freepik.com/
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Pampanga, Learning
Resource Management System
High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando
Pampanga, Philippines 1200
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph