DYNAMICS

OF
DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
DYNAMICS OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION:

RESERVOIR

MODE OF
TRANSMISSION

SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST
1.RESERVOIR

 IT IS DEFINED AS “ANY
PERSON, ANIMAL,
ANTHROPOD, PLANT,
SOIL OR SUBSTANCE
IN WHICH AN
INFECTIOUS AGENT
LIVES AND
MULTIPLIES.
HOMOLOGOUS RESERVOIR

MAN → MAN
HETROLOGOUS RESERVOIR

ANIMALS HUMAN
TYPES OF RESERVOIR
HUMAN
RESERVOIR
 THE MOST
IMPORTANT SOURCE
OR RESERVOIR OF
INFECTION IS MAN
HIMSELF. HE MAY BE
A CASE OR CARRIER.
CASES:
◦ Individual with particular disease due to
presence of infectious agent.

1. CLINICAL CASE
2. SUBCLINICAL CASE
3. LATENT CASE
CLINICAL CASE
SUBCLINICAL CASE

 THE DISEASE AGENT

MAY MULTIPLY IN
THE HOST BUT DOES
NOT MANIFEST
ITSELF BY SIGNS
AND SYMPTOMS.
LATENT CASES
 THE HOST DOES NOT SHED
THE INFECTIOUS AGENT
WHICH LIES DORMANT
WITHIN THE HOST
WITHOUT SYMPTOMS( AND
OFTEN WITHOUT
DEMONSTRABLE
PRESENCE IN BLOOD AND
OTHER BODILY
SECRETIONS)
CARRIERS
 “ AN INFECTED PERSON
OR ANIMAL THAT
HARBOURS A SPECIFIC
INFECTIOUS AGENT IN
THE ABSENCE OF
DISCERNIBLE CLINICAL
DISEASE AND SERVE AS
A POTENTIAL SOURCE
OF INFECTION TO
OTHERS
 CARRIERS

TYPES

PORTAL
DURATION OF EXIT
ACCORDING TO TYPES:

INCUBATORY CARRIERS

CONVALESCENT CARRIERS

HEALTHY CARRIERS
 ACCORDING TO DURATION:

 TEMPORARY CARRIER

 CHRONIC CARRIER
PORTAL OF EXIT:
ANIMAL RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR IN NON- LIVING
THINGS
 2. MODE OF TRANSMISSION

 DIRECT TRANSMISSION

 INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION

DIRECT CONTACT:

 SKIN TO SKIN CONTACT

BY TOUCHING, KISSING,

OR SEXUAL INTER

COURSE
DROPLET INFECTION:
TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION
INNOCULATION INTO SKIN
CONTACT WITH SOIL
INDIRCT TRANSMISSION

FLIES

FOOD FOMITES

FAECES FINGERS
VEHICLE BORNE TRANSMISSION
VECTOR BORNE TRANSMISSION
AIR BORNE TRANSMISSION
FOMITES BORNE TRANSMISSION
UNCLEAN HANDS AND FINGERS
3. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST:
FOUR STAGES:

 PORTAL OF ENTRY

 SITE OF ELECTION

 PORTAL OF EXIT

 LOW GRADE
IMMUNITY
 DISEASE CYCLE:

 INCUBATION PERIOD
 PRODROMAL PERIOD
 FASTIGIUM
 DEFERVESCENCE
 CONVALESCENCE
 DEFECTION