A.

SIMPLE PAST  PRESENT PERFECT

1.

 S + started + to V1 ………… in time

began Ving time ago

S + have/ has + V3/ ed ………….. since + time

for
2.
 S + last + V 2 /ed ………… time

S + haven’t + V3/ ed …………. since + time

hasn’t For

3
 The last time S + V2/ed ……… was + (time)

 S + haven’t + V3/ ed ……….since + (time)

hasn’t For
4.
 It’s + time + since S + V 2/ed …………

 S + haven’t + V3/ ed ………for + time

hasn’t
Ex:
1. Miss White began teaching English in 1998.
→ Miss White has taught English since 1998.
2. I last met John two month ago.
→ I haven’t met John for two month.
3. The last time he used this car was in 1993.
→ He hasn’t used this car since 1993.

4. It’s a long time since I traveled to Thailand with my friends.

→ I haven’t traveled to Thailand with my friend for a long time.

B. USED TO
S + used to + V
1.
always / often/usually /
S + + V2/Ved
sometimes /Frequently /
1
 → S + used to + V1
2.
don’t + V1
S + ……..any more
doesn’t

→ S + used to + V1 bỏ any more

3.
S + no longer + V1 / Vs/es

→ S + used to + V1

Ex:
1. My father often smoked when he was young.
→ My father used smoked when he was young.

2. She doesn’t go to class late any more.

→ She used to go to class late.

3. They no longer go to work by train.

→ They used to go to work by train.

C. ENOUGH :
Cùng chủ ngữ:

Subject + verb + adj/adv + ENOUGH + to-infinitive

Subject + verb + ENOUGH + noun + to-infinitive

Khác chủ ngữ:

Subject + verb + adj/adv + ENOUGH FOR (pro)noun + to-infinitive

Subject + verb + ENOUGH + noun + FOR (pro)noun + to-infinitive

D. Adj Adv

Subject + be + (a / an) + adj + Noun (người)

Subject + Verb + adv

(bỏ “er”) (thêm “ly”)
2
Ex: She is a quick runner.
 She runs quickly.

Subject + Verb + adv

Subject + be + (a / an) + adj + Noun (người)

(bỏ “ly”) (thêm “er”)

 REPORTED SPEECH :
 command: (Câu mệnh lệnh)

 S + said to + O “ V1… ”

 S + told + O to V1
asked

 S + said to + O “ Don’t V1… ”

 S + told + O not to V1
asked

 Request: (Câu đề nghị)

 S + said to + O “ Can / could + V1… ”

Will / would
 S + told + O to V1
asked

 Advice: (câu lời khuyên)

 S + said + “ S + should + V1… ”

 S + said that S + should + V1

3
  S + said to + O “ S + should + V1… ”

 S + told + O (that) S + should + V1

Note:
 YOU / YOUR → đổi theo người nghe (object)
 I / WE / MY / OUR / ME / US → đổi theo người nói (subject)
 HE / SHE / IT / Tên người → giữ nguyên không đổi

1st persons 3rd persons

I He, she
Me Him, her
My His, her
Mine His,her
Myself Himself, herself
We They
Us Them
Our Their
Ours Theirs
Ourselves themselves