Ujian Akhir Semester Matematika Teknik 1

Dosen Pengampu
Dr. Adhika Widyaparaga, S.T., M.Biomed.

Disusun Oleh:

Aqli Sharfan 19/440875/TK/48669

Justin Edwardo 19/443904/TK/49100
Rafiq Nur Alim 19/443922/TK/49118
Nathaniel Nicholas 19/446699/TK/49804
Sebastianus Pranindityo 19/446706/TK/49811

Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Industri

Jurusan Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Gadjah Mada
2020
 A. Question

A military cargo drop system is designed to ease the landing of cargo parachuted from
aircraft. The user wants the system to carry a disassembled 105 mm howitzer artillery unit
weighing 2 tons including the container. It is estimated that the container will touch the ground at
a velocity of 10 m/s.

a. Design a shock absorber system (i.e. spring and dampening components with suitable
coefficients) that allows the cargo to settle at equilibrium, at the latest, five seconds after landing
(i.e. earlier is better).

- Use the Laplace transform method

- Make a sketch of the system

- Bonus points will be given for realistic design considerations such as the minimum length of
the spring (remember that the vertical traverse of the system will be limited by the minimum
length of the spring)

- Find and graph the function describing the motion of the system. How long does it take to
settle?

b. If 0.5 seconds after landing, a different item (a small container containing a light mortar
weighing 30 kilograms) lands and hits the top of the main container at a velocity of 8
m/s,estimate and graph the effect of the impact on the motion of the main container.

- You will need to use your previous knowledge on mechanics for the analysis above

- Make assumptions where necessary

 B. Answer

a. Design a shock absorber system (i.e. spring and dampening components with suitable
coefficients) that allows the cargo to settle at equilibrium, at the latest, five seconds after landing
(i.e. earlier is better).

Figure 1. Shock Absorber System With A Container Assembly

Figure 2. Shock Absorber System With A Container Side Assembly

 Figure 3. Shock Absorber System Assembly without Container

Shock Absorber System Cad

Figure 4. Shock Absorber System Cad

 ● The properties of Spring System and Howitzer :

○ Howitzer
○ Base Area : 4,5369 m2
○ Mass : 2000 kg

○ Spring System

○ k (spring constant) : 5000 N/m

○ b (damping coefficient) : 900 Ns/m
○ n (total of the springs) : 20

From above, it’s been known that the total of spring constant is 100000 N/m or 100 kN/m
and the total of damping coefficient is 18000 Ns/m or 18kN/m. The gravitational constant is 9.8
m
s2

Calculation of the Laplace Transform:

F (t) = ma + kx + bv
2
F (t) = m ddt2x + kx + b dx
dt
2
F (t) = m ddt2x + kx + b dx
dt

Starting from the latest formula, Laplace Transformation is input on each sections. After
applicating the laplace transformation, we will get :

F (s) = m(s(s.x(s) − x(0)) − x′(0)) + b(s.x(s) − x′(0)) + k .x(s)

F (s) = m(s2 .x(s) − s.x(0) − x′(0)) + b(s.x(s) − x′(0)) + k .x(s)
F (s) = m(s2 x(s) − 0 − 10) + b(s.x(s)) + k .x

m.g
s = m.s2 .x(s) − 10 m + s.b.x(s) + k.x(s)
m.g
s = (m.s2 + b + k ).x(s) − 10m
m.g
s +10m
x(s) = m.s2 + b.s + k
m.g + 10s.m
x(s) = s(m.s2 + b.s + k)
 Figure 5. ​the formula of the laplace transformation in MatLab

From MatLab, we found that the formula of x(t) by inverse laplace as shown below :
−9t 0,5sin1190,5t/2
49 ( 49.e2 ).(cos(1190,5t/2 )).( 4559.119 5831 )
x(t) = 250 − ( 250 )
From Matlab, We also found the graph of the function describing the motion of our spring
system :

Figure 6. First Impact Graph

 Figure 7. Zoomed Graph with Equilibrium Point

b. If 0.5 seconds after landing, a different item (a small container containing a light mortar
weighing 30 kilograms) lands and hits the top of the main container at a velocity of 8 m/s,
estimate and graph the effect of the impact on the motion of the main container.

We found that the howitzer is making contact with the artillery at an altitude about 0,2859m by
substituting t in x(t) with 0.5 second. As with the howitzer’s velocity is about 1,2387m/s
downwards by differentiating X(s) to dx/dt with the result as below:

2e−9t cos(1190,5t ) sin(1190,5t )

.(2975.( )−176.( ))
v= 2 2
595
2

Assuming that after collision, the howitzer and the artillery is sticking, the velocity combined is
about 1,1022m/s downwards by using momentum impact equation as below:

m howitzer . v howitzer + m artillery.v artillery = v combined.(m howitzer + m artillery)

Using v howitzer as the howitzer’s velocity in the 0.5 second mark then we got v combined as
below:
v combined = 1, 1022 m/s
Calculation of the Laplace Transform:

F (t) = ma + kx + bv
2
F (t) = m ddt2x + kx + b dx
dt
d2 x
m.a = m dt2 + kx + b dx
dt

Starting from the latest formula, Laplace Transformation is input on each section. After
applicating the laplace transformation, we will get :

m.g
s
= m(s(s.x(s) − x(0)) − x′(0)) + b(s.x(s) − x′(0)) + k .x(s)
m.g
s
= m(s2 .x(s) − s.x(0) − x′(0)) + b(s.x(s) − x′(0)) + k .x(s)
m.g
s
= m.s2 .x(s) − m.s.x(0) − m.x′(0) + b.s.x(s) − b.x(0) + k .x(s)
m.g
s
= x(s).(m.s2 + b.s + k ) − m.s.x(0) − m.x′(0) − b.x(0)
m.g + m.s2 .x(0)+m.s.x′(0)+b.s.x′(0)
x(s) = s(m.s2 + b.s + k)
 Figure 8. Matlab Laplace Transform

Then we can substitute x(0) with 0,2859m for altitude and x’(0) with 1,1022m/s as the
beginning condition. Therefore we got the second x(t) function by substituting coefficients and
inverse laplacing as shown below:
0,5t 0,5t
(1087e−900t/203 ).(cos( 100.122 )−(7274413.1220,5 .(sin( 100.122 )/5304560 9947
x(t) = 203
12500
203
+ 50000
By using Matlab, We found the graph of the function describing the motion of our spring system
as shown below :

Figure 9. X(t) Graph After Impact (with time (t) = 0 as time of impact)
Conclusion

From these final exam problems we can conclude that an Artillery Container with 2 tons
Mass that is dropped and will touch the ground with a velocity of 10 m/s can be damped by using
20 springs and 20 dampers with values of ​k = 5000 N/m ​and ​b = 900Ns/m ​will reach
equilibrium at ​x = -0.196 m​ and ​t=2.217 s​.
Then if there is another item with mass of 30 kg lands on top of the artillery container at t
= 0.5 s with v = 8 m/s, the graph will change accordingly and will reach equilibrium at ​x =
-0.1989 m and ​t=3.21 s after the other item collide with the Artillery Container which means
they reach equilibrium at ​t=3.71 s​ after the Artillery Container first impacted the ground.
(Note that the value of x is minus since the length of the spring will decrease at
equilibrium with such mass than when the spring is at equilibrium without any mass.)
 References

Zuo, L., Chen, X., & Nayfeh, S. (2011). Design and Analysis of a New Type of Electromagnetic
Damper With Increased Energy Density. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 133(4).
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4003407 `