‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻒ ﻭ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ‬

‫اﻋﺪاد‬
‫م‪٠‬ﻧﺎﺟﻲ ﺳﺮﺣﺎن‬
‫ﻏﺰة‪٤/٢٠٠٩ ،‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺏ ﺒﺭﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺸﺭﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﺜﻥ ﺃﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﻫﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫• ﺍﻨﻘﺎﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻨﻘﺎﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ) ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫•ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺼﻼﺡ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‪٠‬‬
‫• ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻜل ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻟﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺭ‪٠‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﺍ ﻻﺼﻼﺤﻬﺎ‪٠‬‬
‫ﻫﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺕ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﻼﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺇﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺣﺼﺮ اﻷﺿﺮار‬

‫اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻰ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﻨﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬

 ‫اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮر‬

‫اﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ‬

‫درﺟﺔ اﻷﺿﺮار‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻷﺿﺮار‬

‫ﺟﺴﯿﻤﺔ)ﻛﻠﻲ(‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﻤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬

‫وﺣﺪة ﺗﺪﻋﯿﻢ‬
‫وﺣﺪة اﻵﻟﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫و اﺻﻼح اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ‬

‫• ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺩﻤﺔ ﻜﻠﻴ ﹰﺎ‬

‫• ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎﹰً‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ )ﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺸﺒﺎﺒﻴﻙ ‪ ٠٠‬ﺍﻟﺦ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺎ )ﺍﻨﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﻴﻕ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭﺍﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺎ )ﺴﻘﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﺯﺍﻡ ﺃﺭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ (‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬
‫ھﺪم ﻛﻠﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة ﻏﯿﺮ اﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات‬
‫أﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺘﻀﺮرة‬
‫أﻋﻤﺪة ﻣﺘﻀﺮرة‬
‫أﺣﺰﻣﺔ و ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﺘﻀﺮرة‬
 ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬

Peak reflected overpressures (MPa)

(Peak blast loads may be
several orders of magnitude
larger than the largest loads for
Variation of pressure with distance which conventional buildings
(Expanding shock front are designed)
dissipates with range) ‫ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﮫ‬.‫ م‬.‫د‬
‫ اﻷردن‬-‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬
Distribution of Peak Pressure Bending Moment Diagram
of core walls
 Direct Column Loading Uplifting of Floor Slabs

Progressive Collapse Analysis of Perimeter Frame (damaged by blast load)

 ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻷﺿﺮار ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت ﻗﻄﺎع ﻏﺰة‬

‫ﺍﻷﻀﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫‪4,500‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺢ‬
‫‪3,000‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‬
‫‪3,000‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ‬
‫‪9,000‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪16,500‬‬ ‫‪1,550‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫‪14,000‬‬ ‫‪1,450‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺘﻴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫‪50,,000‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪5,000‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬
 ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮات اﻟﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫‪#‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻫﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ(‬ ‫)ﺃﻟﻑ ‪($‬‬ ‫) ‪(%‬‬
‫‪375‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪5000‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻡ ﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫‪305‬‬ ‫‪50,000‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪5,000‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺠﺩﺍ‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10,000‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬
‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪15,000‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10,000‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10,000‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭ ﻁﻔﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ‪ 680‬ﻣﻠﯿﻮن دوﻻر‬
 ‫ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳋﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﻏﺰة ﻏﺰة‬ ‫ﻓﻲﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯿﺎﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺎً‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔاﻟﻤﮭﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬

‫رﻓﺢ‬
‫‪%١٠‬‬
‫ﺧﺎن ﯾﻮﻧﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬ ‫‪%١٣‬‬
‫‪%٤٥‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫‪%١٣‬‬
‫ﻏﺰة‬
‫‪%١٩‬‬
 ‫اﻷﺿﺮار واﻟﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻀﺮرة ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت ﻗﻄﺎع ﻏﺰة‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت ﻏﺰة‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫رﻓﺢ‬
‫‪%١٠‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎن ﯾﻮﻧﺲ‬
‫‪%٨‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫‪%٤٣‬‬ ‫‪%٨‬‬

‫ﻏﺰة‬
‫‪%٣١‬‬
‫آﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﺄھﯿﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎً‬

‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ‬

‫ﻏﯿﺮ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺭﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﺸﻜﺭﺍﹰ ﺠﺯﻴﻼﹰ‬