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Vedic Math - Multiplication of Numbers With A Series of 9's
Vedic Math - Multiplication of Numbers With A Series of 9's
Please note that the methods or the vedic formulae, that we use in this calculation, are "By
one less than the one before" and "All from 9 and the last from 10".
There are three cases for the multiplication of numbers with a series of 9's.
Case 1: Multiplying a number with a multiplier having equal number of 9’s digits
(like 587 x 999)
Case 2: Multiplying a number with a multiplier having more number of 9’s digits
(like 4678 x 999999)
Case 3: Multiplying a number with a multiplier having lesser number of 9’s digits
(like 1628 x 99)
The method to solve 'Case 1' and 'Case 2' is the same, but for 'Case 3', the method is
different. Let us start with 'Case 1'.
Case 1: Multiplying a number with a multiplier having equal number of 9’s digits
587
x 999
------------
586 413
Solution is,
Let us first do the calculation by conventional method to understand the
solution. Result will be 586413.
Split the answer in two parts i.e. '586' and '413'.
Let's see the first part of the result, i.e. 586. It is reduced by 1 from the number
being multiplied i.e. 587 - 1 = 586. {Vedic sutra "By one less than the one
before"}
Now see the last part, i.e. 413. Subtract the multiplicand i.e. 587 from 1000
(multiplier + 1). Vedic Sutra applied here is "All from 9 and the last from 10", and
hence we substract 587 from 1000. So the outcome will be (9 -5 = 4, 9 - 8 = 1, 10
- 7 = 3) , and result is 413. Refer to image below for more clarity:
Case 2: Multiplying a number with a multiplier having more number of 9’s digits
Multiply 4678 by 999999
4678
x 999999
----------------
4677 995322
Here, 4678 is 4-digit number and 999999 is 6-digit number. So, we can rewrite 4678 as
004678 to make 6-digit number. Now, it turns out to be same as case 1. So, same method is
going to be applied.
The first part of the result, i.e. 4677, which is reduced by 1 from the number
being multiplied (4678 - 1). {Vedic sutra "By one less than the one before"}
For the last part of answer (995322), Subtract the multiplicand i.e. 004678 from
1000000 (1000000 - 004678). Here we are applying the vedic formula "All from
9 and the last from 10" on 004678. Calculation is like:
9 - 0 =9
9 - 0 =9
9 - 4 =5
9 - 6 =3
9 - 7 =2
10 - 8 =2
So the result is 995322
Now combine first and last part, and you get the final answer i.e. '4677995322'
Case 3: Multiplying a number with a multiplier having lesser number of 9’s digits
Multiply 1628 by 99
For this case, method is changed. In this, we rewrite 1628 x 99 as 1628 x (100 - 1). So,
1628(100 - 1)
= 162800 - 1628
= 161172
Here, calculation might get slow during substraction. But once you learn the vedic
subtraction, it will become fast. In coming sessions, we shall discuss it.
OR there is another approach given below, by spliting the solution in three parts.
1628 x 99 = 16 : 11 : 72
Example where number in middle column of first row is lesser than second row value (63 x
9):
6 : 3 : _
_ : 7 : 3
-----------------
5 : 6 : 7
Here, 3 is less than 7 and subtraction is not possible. Hence we borrow '1' from first column
value i.e. borrow 1 from 6 and 3 becomes 13 and left part is now 5.
Here, don't get confuse by seeing '1' in the first column of second row. It is just taken from
'172' (which is one more than '171'). As per the method, middle column should have number
having digits equal to multiplier. So we shift '1' to first column. Rest all is same.
Hope you understandand this method. If you have any question, please post in comments.
In the next session, we shall discuss about multiplication of numbers with a series of 1's.
Pooja Gupta
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