Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Documentation of Best Practices and Needs Assessment of Service Providers in South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Countries
Documentation of Best Practices and Needs Assessment of Service Providers in South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Countries
in collaboration with
the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,
Regional Office for South Asia (UNODC, ROSA)
Project Number AD/RAS/2003/H13
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Asian Harm Reduction Net?ork
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United Nations Cffice on Drugs and CrimeD Regional Cffice for South Asia <UNCDCD RCSA=
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3
Contents
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KLecutive Summary N
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Ontroduction P
/PU%)'*D%&! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Y<!
L%'E,(&! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Y<!
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Qindings JG
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Conclusions and Recommendations GR
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Appendices IJ
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KLecutive Summary
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2 ME%!&+3%!QB!5,&*'*,-!5+H%2!3%-'*,-%(!+P,D%!+9&,!E*$E9*$E'&!'E+'!8RT!H2%D%-'*,-!&E,#9(!&'+2'!+&!%+29N!+&!H,&&*P9%:!!
/-)%!8RT!E+&!P%%-!*-'2,(#)%(!*-',!+!9,)+9!),33#-*'N!,@!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%2&4!'E%2%!*&!'E%!H,&&*P*9*'N!,@!%S'2%3%9N!2+H*(!
&H2%+(:!!/-!'E%!,'E%2!E+-(4!%SH%2*%-)%!E+&!&E,O-!'E+'!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%2&!)+-!)E+-$%!'E%*2!P%E+D*,#2!*@!'E%N!+2%!
+HH2,H2*+'%9N!&#HH,2'%(:!
7
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),#-'2*%&!,@!'E%!2%$*,-:!!ME*&!E+&!,@'%-!+-(!*-+(D%2'%-'9N!)2*3*-+9*&%(!+-(!3+2$*-+9*&%(!
H%,H9%!#&*-$!(2#$&!,-!'E%!P+&*&!,@!'E%*2!&#P&'+-)%!#&%4!+-(!E+&!3+(%!'E%3!9+2$%9N!
*-+))%&&*P9%!',!3+*-&'2%+3!E%+9'E!+-(!&,)*+9!)+2%!H2,$2+33%&:!!R-!+((*'*,-4!'E%2%!*&!+!
),-)%2-!'E+'!@#-(&!OE*)E!3+N!E+D%!P%%-!(%&*$-+'%(!@,2!E%+9'E!)+2%!H2,D*&*,-!E+D%!
P%%-!(*D%2'%(!',!&'2%-$'E%-!H,9*)*-$!+-(!+-'*]'%22,2*&3!3%+%&!&*-)%!'E%!H,&']
"%H'%3P%2!YY!lV+2!,-!M%22,2:0!
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'E+'!)+#&%&!CR?":!!d+)6!,@!+O+2%-%&&!+-(!*-@,23+'*,-!+3,-$&'!H%,H9%!#&*-$!(2#$&4!
'E%!&E+2*-$!,@!-%%(9%&!+-(!,'E%2!*-U%)'*-$!H+2+HE%2-+9*+4!'E%!%S*&'%-)%!,@!lH2,@%&&*,-+90!
*-U%)',2&4!+-(!,@'%-!2*&6N!&%S#+9!+)'*D*'N!+2%!U#&'!&,3%!,@!'E%!3+*-!@+)',2&!OE*)E!
),-'2*P#'%!',!'E%!%@@*)*%-'!'2+-&3*&&*,-!,@!8RT!@2,3!H%,H9%!#&*-$!(2#$&!',!$%-%2+9!
&,)*%'N:!!M2+$*)+99N!'E%2%!*&!+!)9*3+'%!,@!3#'#+9!(*&'2#&'4!&#&H*)*,-!k!+-(!*-!&,3%!
&*'#+'*,-&!E,&'*9*'N!k!P%'O%%-!'E%&%!E*$E!2*&6!H,H#9+'*,-!$2,#H&!+-(!$,D%2-3%-'!
&%2D*)%&:!!A%)+#&%!,@!'E%*2!&'2#)'#2%!+-(!%'E,&4!-,-]$,D%2-3%-'!,2$+-*&+'*,-&!IB1/&J!
,@'%-!E+D%!$2%+'%2!+))%&&!',!'E%&%!E*((%-!H,H#9+'*,-&:!!R'!*&!%&&%-'*+9!'E+'!+))%&&!',!
'E%&%!E*$E!2*&6!$2,#H&!*&!*-)2%+&%(!+-(!P#*9'!#H,-!&,!'E+'!9*@%]&+D*-$!*-@,23+'*,-4!
H2+)'*)%&!+-(!',,9&!+2%!(*&&%3*-+'%(!+3,-$!H%,H9%!OE,!)+--,'!P%!2%+)E%(!PN!H2*3+2N!
,2!&%),-(+2N!H2%D%-'*,-!H2,$2+33%&!+-(!OE,!),-'*-#%!#&*-$!(2#$&:!!B1/&!'E%2%@,2%!
+2%!+-!*3H,2'+-'!2%&,#2)%!*-!%+)E!),#-'2N!',!@+)*9*'+'%!'E*&!O,26:!!ME%!2%H,2'!
+)6-,O9%($%&!'E*&:!
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8,O%D%24!P%)+#&%!,@!'E%!&)+9%!,@!'E%!8RTWCR?"!%H*(%3*)4!'E%!O,26!,@!B1/&!*&!9*3*'%(!
',!H2,D*(*-$!3,(%9&!,@!*-'%2D%-'*,-!OE*)E!)+-!E*$E9*$E'!',!'E%!$,D%2-3%-'&!,@!"CCFG!
),#-'2*%&!'E%!2%H9*)+P9%!3%+%&!2%i#*2%(!',!2%&H,-(!%@@%)'*D%9N:!!ME%!*-'%2D%-'*,-&!
,#'9*-%(!@,2!'E%!52,$2+3!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!M2+)6!3#&'!P%!#-(%2&',,(!*-!'E*&!),-'%S':!!
"#)E!*-'%2D%-'*,-&!O*99!-,'!P%!+!H+-+)%+:!!ME%N!O*99!E,O%D%2!(%3,-&'2+'%!O+N&!*-!
OE*)E!$,D%2-3%-'!+-(!B1/&!)+-!O,26!',$%'E%2!',!*3H9%3%-'!H2,$2+33%&!OE*)E!)+-!
%@@%)'*D%9N!),#-'%2+)'!'E%!8RTWCR?"!%H*(%3*):!!R'!*&!H%2'*-%-'!'E%2%@,2%!'E+'!&#P&%i#%-'!
HE+&%&!,@!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!%-%!'E+'!B1/&!+2%!&#HH,2'%(!',!3,D%!P%N,-(!
'E%*2!&'2#$$9%!@,2!3%2%!,2$+-*&+'*,-+9!D*D+9!+-(!+2%!+&&*&'%(!',!P%$*-!',!(%D%9,H!
),-&'2#)'*D%4!),,H%2+'*D%!+-(!&'2+'%$*)!(*+9,$#%!+&!H+2'-%2&!O*'E!-+'*,-+9!$,D%2-3%-'&:!
!
!
8
CAEectives
!
ME%!,PU%)'*D%&!,@!'E%!H2,U%)'!+2%.!
!! M,!(,)#3%-'!P%&'!H2+)'*)%&!+-(!9%&&,-&!9%+2-%(!*-!'E%!2%$*,-!@,2!H2%D%-'*-$!
8RT!+3,-$!(2#$!#&*-$!H,H#9+'*,-&4!%&H%)*+99N!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&e
!! M,!&*3#9'+-%,#&9N!#-(%2'+6%!+!2%$*,-+9!&'#(N!OE*)E!)+H'#2%&!'E%!%S*&'*-$!
%SH%2'!)+H+)*'N!,@!6%N!B1/&!',!&#HH,2'!'E%!-%%(&!,@!B1/&!',!&)+9%!#H!+-(!
*3H2,D%!)+H+)*'N!+-(!i#+9*'N!,@!8RT!2*&6!2%(#)'*,-!*-'%2D%-'*,-&:
!
!
Sethods
!
ME%!H2,U%)'!),3P*-%(!(%&6!2%D*%O!+-(!&%),-(+2N!(+'+!),99%)'*,-!O*'E!'E%!
+(3*-*&'2+'*,-!,@!+!D%N4!(%D%9,H3%-'!,@!+!B1/!+&&%&&3%-'!',,94!+-(!+&&%&&3%-'!
D*&*'&!',!6%N!B1/&!*-!'E%!"CCFG!2%$*,-:!
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C!),3H2%E%-&*D%!2%D*%O!,@!%S*&'*-$!(+'+!H%2'+*-*-$!',!(2#$!#&%!+-(!8RTWCR?"!O+&!
#-(%2'+6%-!@,2!%+)E!"CCFG!),#-'2N:!!",#2)%&!D*&*'%(!(#2*-$!'E*&!2%D*%O!+2%!*-)9#(%(!*-!
CHH%-(*S!=:!!ME*&!2%D*%O!*-)9#(%(!'E%!E*&',2N!,@!(2#$!#&%e!'E%!)#22%-'!(2#$!#&%!
&*'#+'*,-e!(2#$!'+6*-$!H2+)'*)%&!+-(!2*&6!P%E+D*,#2&!I*-)9#(*-$!(2#$&!,@!)E,*)%!+-(!
H2%@%22%(!3%'E,(&!,@!+(3*-*&'2+'*,-Je!'E%!H2%D+9%-)%!,@!(2#$!#&%e!'E%!H2%D+9%-)%!,@!
8RTWCR?"e!+!H2,@*9%!,@!(2#$!#&%2&e!$,D%2-3%-'!2%&H,-&%&!',!*99*)*'!(2#$!H2,P9%3&!+-(!',!
(2#$!#&%!*-!'E%!),-'%S'!,@!8RTWCR?"e!B+'*,-+9!CR?"!5,9*)Ne!9+O&4!H,9*)*%&!+-(!
*-'%2D%-'*,-&!*-!(2#$!),-'2,9!+-(!8RTWCR?"!&%)',2&e!+-(!-,-]$,D%2-3%-'!2%&H,-&%&!',!
(2#$!#&%!+-(!8RTWCR?":!!ME*&!(+'+4!*-!),3P*-+'*,-!O*'E!%S*&'*-$!52,U%)'!
C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!H2,U%)'!(,)#3%-'&4!O+&!#&%(!O*'E*-!'E%!(,)#3%-'+'*,-!+-(!
+&&%&&3%-'!'%+3!+&!+!P+&%9*-%!@,2!#-(%2&'+-(*-$!'E%!"CCFG!2%$*,-+9!),-'%S':!
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"*3#9'+-%,#&9N4!+!D%N!O+&!(%D%9,H%(!@,2!2%9%D+-'!B1/!&%2D*)%!H2,D*(%2&!*-!'E%!
&%D%-!"CCFG!),#-'2*%&:!!ME%!D%N!',,9!I&%%!CHH%-(*S!YJ!O+&!P+&%(!,-!H2%D*,#&!
*-&'2#3%-'&!(%D%9,H%(!PN!'E%!C&*+-!8+23!F%(#)'*,-!B%'O,26!IC8FBJ!+-(!'E%!Q-*'%(!
B+'*,-&!/@@*)%!,-!?2#$&!+-(!G2*3%4!F%$*,-+9!/@@*)%!@,2!",#'E!C&*+!IQB/?G4!F/"CJ4!
O*'E!'%)E-*)+9!+&&*&'+-)%!@2,3!&'+@@!,@!'E%!G%-'2%!@,2!F%&%+2)E!,-!?2#$&!+-(!8%+9'E!
A%E+D*,#2!IGF?8AJ4!?%H+2'3%-'!,@!52*3+2N!G+2%!7!",)*+9!L%(*)*-%4!R3H%2*+9!G,99%$%4!
d,-(,-:!!!
!
9
F%9%D+-'!B1/!&%2D*)%!H2,D*(%2&!O%2%!*(%-'*@*%(!@,99,O*-$!),-	'+'*,-!O*'E!'E%!Q-*'%(!
B+'*,-&!/@@*)%!,-!?2#$&!+-(!G2*3%4!F%$*,-+9!/@@*)%!@,2!",#'E!C&*+!IQB/?G4!F/"CJ!
52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!&'+@@!+-(!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!B+'*,-+9!a,)+9!5,*-'&:!!
C&*+-!8+23!F%(#)'*,-!B%'O,26!IC8FBJ!3%3P%2!B1/&!O%2%!+9&,!+&&*3*9+'%(!*-',!'E%!
9*&'!,@!2%9%D+-'!B1/!&%2D*)%!H2,D*(%2&:!!/@!Y4Y_=!*(%-'*@*%(!B1/&4!+!','+9!,@!`ZZ!B1/&!
2%)%*D%(!'E%!D%N:!!a,#2]E#-(2%(!+-(!&*S!B1/&!(*(!-,'!2%)%*D%!'E%!D%N!(#%!',!
9*3*'+'*,-&!+-(!H2,P9%3&!O*'E!@+S!+-(!%3+*94!+-(W,2!*-+(%i#+'%!),-'+)'!(%'+*9&:!!/@!'E%!
`ZZ!B1/&!OE,!2%)%*D%(!'E%!D%N4!+!','+9!,@!YZ;!),3H9%'%(!+-(!2%'#2-%(!'E%!D%N:!!
ME%!(+'+!@2,3!'E%&%!),3H9%'%(!D%N&!O+&!#&%(!',!(%D%9,H!'E%!?*2%)',2N!,@!"%2D*)%!
52,D*(%2&!*-!'E%!"CCFG!F%$*,-!I&%%!CHH%-(*S!;J:!!!
!
R-!+((*'*,-!',!H2,D*(*-$!+!$%-%2+9!*-&*$E'!*-',!%+)E!B1/0&!,2$+-*&+'*,-+9!)+H+)*'N4!'E%!
D%N!+)),33,(+'%(!'E%!2%),33%-(+'*,-!,@!B1/&!PN!'E%*2!B1/!H%%2&:!!"#)E!
2%),33%-(+'*,-4!+9,-$!O*'E!'E%!%D*(%-'!)+H+)*'N!,@!'E%!B1/4!2%),33%-(+'*,-&!@2,3!
6%N!&'+6%E,9(%2&!*-)9#(*-$!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!B+'*,-+9!a,)+9!5,*-'&4!+-(!
C8FB!%SH%2*%-)%!,@!'E,&%!,2$+-*&+'*,-&!H2,D*(*-$!&'2%%']P+&%(!E%+9'E!+-(!&,)*+9!)+2%!
&%2D*)%&4!O+&!#&%(!+&!H+2'!,@!+!'2*+-$#9+'*,-!H2,)%&&!',!(%D%9,H!+!9*&'!,@!H,'%-'*+9!B1/!
(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&:!
!
ME*&!9*&'!O+&!@#2'E%2!2%@*-%(!D%2&#&!)2*'%2*+!(%'+*9%(!*-!"%9%)'*,-!52,)%&&!IH+$%!;;J:!!
ME%&%!&E,2']9*&'%(!B1/&!O%2%!D*&*'%(!+-(!+&&%&&%(!#&*-$!'E%!G2*'%2*+!@,2!C&&%&&3%-'!
,@!?%3,-&'2+'*,-!"*'%& I&%%!CHH%-(*S!^J:!!ME%!G2*'%2*+!@,2!C&&%&&3%-'!,@!
?%3,-&'2+'*,-!"*'%&!',,9!E+&!*'&!@,#-(+'*,-!*-!'E%!2%)%-'!>G,(%!,@!1,,(!52+)'*)%!@,2!
B1/&!2%&H,-(*-$!',!8RTWCR?"K!(%D%9,H%(!PN!'E%!R-'%2-+'*,-+9!a%(%2+'*,-!,@!F%(!
G2,&&!+-(!F%(!G2%&)%-'!",)*%'*%&4!+-(!*&!),3H9*3%-'%(!PN!+)6-,O9%($%(!$,,(!
H2+)'*)%!)2*'%2*+!@,2!8RT!2*&6!2%(#)'*,-!+3,-$&'!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&:!!A+&%(!,-!'E%!
2%	'&!,@!'E%!+&&%&&3%-'!D*&*'&4!B1/&!O%2%!2%),33%-(%(!+&!H,'%-'*+9!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!
&*'%&!@,2!&#P&%i#%-'!HE+&%&!,@!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^:!
!
10
Qindings
!
!
Regional ConteLt
!
ME%!&,)*+9!+-(!2%9*$*,#&!),-H'*,-!,@!(2#$&!E+&!P%%-!+!H+2'!,@!9*@%!*-!3+-N!"CCFG!
),#-'2*%&!@,2!)%-'#2*%&4!*@!-,'!3*99%--*+:!!/H*#3!O+&!*-'2,(#)%(!*-',!R-(*+!+&!%+29N!+&!
'E%!_'E!)%-'#2N!+-(!'E%!A2*'*&E!b+&'!R-(*+!G,3H+-N!)#9'*D+'%(!,H*#3!+&!+!)+&E!)2,H:!!
G+--+P*&!E+&!P%%-!#&%(!+&!+-!*-',S*)+-'!@2,3!):Y<<<!A:G:!!A#'!'E%!3,(%2-!
),-H'*,-!,@!(2#$&!*-!'E%!2%$*,-!*&!+!','+99N!(*@@%2%-'!HE%-,3%-,-:!!GE%+H!E%2,*-!
3+-#@+)'#2%(!@2,3!,H*#3!$2,O-!*-!'E%!-%+2PN!1,9(%-!M2*+-$9%!ILN+-3+24!ME+*9+-(4!
d+,&J!+-(!1,9(%-!G2%&)%-'!IB,2'E%2-!5+6*&'+-4!C@$E+-*&'+-J!@9,,(%(!'E%!2%$*,-!*-!'E%!
9+'%!Y_`<&!+-(!%+29N!Y_Z<&4!$%-%2+'*-$!O*(%&H2%+(!#&%:!!ME%!3+*-!3,(%!,@!,H*+'%!
),-H'*,-!O+&!&3,6*-$4!#&#+99N!PN!l)E+&*-$!'E%!(2+$,-0!k!OE%2%!E%2,*-!*&!E%+'%(!,-!
+9#3*-*#3!@,*9!+-(!'E%!@#3%&!*-E+9%(:!!V*'E!'E%!lV+2!,-!?2#$&0!'+6*-$!%@@%)'4!'E%!i#+9*'N!
+-(!H2*)%!,@!E%2,*-!3+(%!*'!*-+))%&&*P9%!',!'E%!*3H,D%2*&E%(!H%,H9%!OE,!E+(!P%),3%!
*-D%'%2+'%!#&%2&!(#2*-$!'E*&!H%2*,(:!!a+)*-$!*-'%2-+9!),-@9*)'4!%),-,3*)!3*$2+'*,-!',!
#2P+-!+2%+&4!E*$E!#-%3H9,N3%-'4!+-(!D+&'!+2%+&!,@!H,,2!+-(!3+2$*-+9*&%(!
),33#-*'*%&4!3+-N!),#-'2*%&!*-!'E%!"CCFG!2%$*,-!O%2%!E+2(]H2%&&%(!',!),H%!O*'E!'E%!
HE%-,3%-,-!,@!(2#$!#&%:!!ME%!&)+9%!,@!'E%!H2,P9%3!D+2*%&!@2,3!),#-'2N!',!),#-'2N!P#'!
'E%!2%9%-'9%&&!2,99],-!%@@%)'!*&!%D*(%-'!',!+99:!!G,-H'*,-!,@!(2#$&!*-!3,&'!"CCFG!
),#-'2*%&!&E*@'%(!@2,3!E%2,*-!',!,D%2]'E%]),#-'%2!HE+23+)%#'*)+9&4!*-*'*+'*,-!*-',!(2#$!
#&%!O+&!@,#-(!',!,))#2!+'!+!D%2N!N,#-$!+$%!I&%%!M+P9%!YJ4!+-(!*-!3+-N!*-&'+-)%&!'E%!
2,#'%!,@!(2#$!+(3*-*&'2+'*,-!)E+-$%(!@2,3!&3,6*-$!,2!&-*@@*-$!(2#$&!',!*-U%)'*-$!I&%%!
M+P9%!;J:!
!
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C$%!$2,#H! B%O!?%9E*! 5+6*&'+-!I@*D%!3+*-!)*'*%&J!
ImJ! ImJ!
n!Y<!N%+2&! Y^! YZ!
Y<]Y[!N%+2&! =^! [;!
!
TaAle JU Age of initiation to drug use in Ne? DelhiD Ondia and Pakistan <five main cities=V!!",#2)%.!(%!
j,2'4!1%2+2(:!;<<=:!oME2,#$E!'E%!bN%!,@!'E%!B%%(9%!k!2%&%+2)E!*-',!'E%!%-D*2,-3%-'+9!@+)',2&!'E+'!&E+H%!
'E%!(2#$!)+2%%2&!,@!N,#-$!H%,H9%!*-!&%9%)'%(!)*'*%&!*-!C&*+:K!GE*+-$!L+*4!ME+*9+-(.!C&*+-!8+23!F%(#)'*,-!
B%'O,26!IC8FBJ:!
!
11
!
5%,H9%!R-U%)'*-$!?2#$&! B%O!?%9E*! 5+6*&'+-!I@*D%!3+*-!)*'*%&J!
I5R?J!k!G+2%%2! ImJ! ImJ!
B,-]5R?!',!5R?! Z\! =`!
19#%!',!5R?! Y! ;=!
5R?W-,-]5R?! ^! Y=!
R33%(*+'%!5R?! [! =!
5R?!',!-,-]5R?! =! Y<!
!
TaAle GU People inEecting drugs <POD= career in Ne? DelhiD Ondia and Pakistan <five main cities=V!!
",#2)%.!(%!j,2'4!1%2+2(:!;<<=:!oME2,#$E!'E%!bN%!,@!'E%!B%%(9%!k!2%&%+2)E!*-',!'E%!%-D*2,-3%-'+9!@+)',2&!
'E+'!&E+H%!'E%!(2#$!)+2%%2&!,@!N,#-$!H%,H9%!*-!&%9%)'%(!)*'*%&!*-!C&*+:K!GE*+-$!L+*4!ME+*9+-(.!C&*+-!8+23!
F%(#)'*,-!B%'O,26!IC8FBJ:!
!
!
R'!*&!-,'+P9%!'E+'!@,2!3+-N!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!'E%2%!*&!+!&*$-*@*)+-'!H%2*,(!k!#&#+99N!
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E%+9'E!&'2+'%$N!OE*)E!+)6-,O9%($%&!'E%!D+9#%!,@!&'2%%']P+&%(!E%+9'E!+-(!&,)*+9!)+2%!
*-*'*+'*D%&!'E+'!H2,D*(%!+))%&&*P9%!+-(!-%)%&&+2N!E%+9'E!)+2%!+-(!H2,D*(%!'E%!%(#)+'*,-!
+-(!',,9&!-%)%&&+2N!@,2!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!',!(,!&,!3,2%!&+@%9N:!
!
ME%2%!*&!)+H+)*'N!+-(!%SH%2'*&%!*-!R-(*+!*-!'E%!B1/!&%)',2!',!H2%D%-'!'E%!'2+-&3*&&*,-!
,@!8RT!2%9+'%(!',!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%:!!ME%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!M2+)6!3#&'!
&'*3#9+'%!&'2+'%$*)4!),-	'+'*D%!+-(!),,H%2+'*D%!(*+9,$#%!P%'O%%-!'E%!$,D%2-3%-'!
E%+9'E!&%)',2!+-(!B1/&4!*-!,2(%2!',!(%D%9,H!&%2D*)%&!OE*)E!'+H!*-',!'E*&!%S*&'*-$!
%SH%2'*&%!+-(!H2,D*(%!3,2%!),3H2%E%-&*D%!),D%2+$%:!!B%%(9%!+-(!&N2*-$%!%S)E+-$%!
H2,$2+33%&!IB"b5&J!-%%(!',!P%!2+(*)+99N!&)+9%(]#H!*-!'%23&!,@!),D%2+$%4!+-(!
O*(%&H2%+(!HE+23+),'E%2+HN!&E,#9(!P%!*-'2,(#)%(!',!%-+P9%!+!H%23+-%-'!&E*@'!+O+N!
@2,3!*-U%)'*-$:!!bS*&'*-$!+-(!-%O!H2,$2+33%&!-%%(!',!%-%!&%2D*)%&!@,2!+((2%&&*-$!
'E%!2,,'!)+#&%&!,@!(2#$!#&%!*-!+((*'*,-!',!'E%!%3%2$%-)N!2%&H,-&%!',!8RT4!E%H+'*'*&!+-(!
,'E%2!(2#$!#&%!2%9+'%(!E+23&:!
!
Nepal
!
B%H+9!E+&!P%%-!2+D+$%(!PN!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%!+-(!+-!+&&,)*+'%(!8RT!%H*(%3*):!!
5,9*'*)+9!&'2*@%!+-(!3+&&*D%!#-%3H9,N3%-'!OE*)E!E+&!2*D%-!'E%!),#-'2N!E+&!9%@'!3+-N!,@!
*'&!N,#-$!H%,H9%!(%&,9+'%!+-(!O*'E,#'!@#'#2%!H2,&H%)'&:!!ME*&!(*&*99#&*,-3%-'!E+&!+)'%(!
+&!+!@%2'*9%!P2%%(*-$!$2,#-(!@,2!(2#$!#&%4!+-(!B%H+9!E+&!@+)%(!+-!%H*(%3*)!,@!(2#$!#&%!
+-(!8RT!,@!&*3*9+2!H2,H,2'*,-&!',!'E+'!,@!'E%!'2+-&*'*,-+9!),#-'2*%&!,@!b+&'%2-!b#2,H%:!!
T+2*,#&!*-*'*+'*D%&!E+D%!P%%-!9+#-)E%(!,D%2!'E%!H+&'!@*D%!N%+2&!',!&'%3!'E%!'*(%!,@!8RT!
O*'E!9*3*'%(!%@@%)'!k!*-!&,3%!)+&%&!P%)+#&%!,@!'E%!9+)6!,@!9,)+9!,O-%2&E*H!PN4!+-(!
%3H,O%23%-'!,@4!&%2D*)%!H2,D*(%2&:!!ME%!O,26!,@!'E%!B1/!&%)',2!*-!B%H+9!E+&!,@'%-!
P%%-!E+3H%2%(!PN!(%&'2#)'*D%!(*D*&*,-&!+-(!H+2,)E*+9!*-'%2%&'&:!!"#P&%i#%-'!HE+&%&!
,@!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!&E,#9(!&%%6!',!&'2%-$'E%-!+-(!#H&6*99!B1/&!*-!B%H+9!',!
(%D%9,H!),3H2%E%-&*D%!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!'E2,#$E,#'!'E%!),#-'2N:!!R-!H9+--*-$!
*-'%2D%-'*,-&!(#2*-$!'E%&%!HE+&%&!*'!O*99!P%!%&&%-'*+9!',!%-%!'E+'!+99!H+2'*)*H+'*-$!
B1/&!O,26!),,H%2+'*D%9N!',$%'E%2:!
!
17
Saldives
!
?2#$!#&%!+-(!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%!*&!H2%D+9%-'!*-!'E%!L+9(*D%&:!!M,!(+'%!'E%!8RT!
H2%D+9%-)%!+3,-$!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!E+&!-,'!P%%-!2%H,2'%(:!!ME%!)+H+)*'N!,@!
B1/&!*-!'E%!),#-'2N!*&!O%+6:!!ME*&!H2%&%-'&!+!),-&*(%2+P9%!(+-$%2!+&!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!
#&%!&H2%+(&!'E2,#$E,#'!'E%!*&9+-(&:!!ME%!%SH%2*%-)%!OE*)E!E+&!P%%-!$+*-%(!PN!,'E%2!
),#-'2*%&!*-!'E%!"CCFG!2%$*,-!O*99!P%!,@!(*2%)'!P%-%@*'!',!'E%!L+9(*D%&!+&!*'!&%%6&!',!
&'2%-$'E%-!*'&!)+H+)*'N!',!H2,D*(%!,#'2%+)E!&%2D*)%&!',!H%,H9%!)#22%-'9N!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!
*-!'E%!),#-'2N:!!b-&6*99*-$!L+9(*D*+-!B1/&!&E,#9(!P%!+!6%N!),3H,-%-'!,@!'E%!
52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!M2+)6:!
!
Pakistan
!
1*D%-!'E%!E*$E!9%D%9!,-!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%4!H,9N](2#$!#&%!+-(!#-&+@%!H2+)'*)%&!+3,-$&'!
H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!*-!)*'*%&!*-!5+6*&'+-4!*'!*&!2%3+26+P9%!'E+'!8RT!H2%D+9%-)%!
2%3+*-&!9,O:!!ME*&!*&!H2,P+P9N!+!),3P*-+'*,-!,@!$,,(!9#)6!+-(!&'2%%']P+&%(!
*-'%2D%-'*,-&!&#)E!+&!'E,&%!*-*'*+'%(!#-(%2!'E%!F%+)E]/#'!H2,$2+33%&!I@*-+-)%(!PN!
'E%!b#2,H%+-!G,33*&&*,-J:!!ME%2%!*&!9*''9%!2,,3!@,2!),3H9+)%-)N!E,O%D%24!+-(!2%)%-'!
,#'P2%+6&!,@!8RT!+3,-$&'!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%2&!*-!j+2+)E*!+-(!d+26E+-+!*&!+!&E+2H!
2%3*-(%2!',!$,D%2-3%-'!+-(!B1/&!*-!5+6*&'+-!,@!'E%!*3H%-(*-$!'E2%+'!,@!+-!%H*(%3*):!!
F%)%-'!2%H,2'*-$!*-(*)+'%&!'E+'!8RT!H2%D+9%-)%!+3,-$&'!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!E+&!
%&)+9+'%(!',!`!H%2)%-':!!8,O%D%2!*-!d+E,2%!OE%2%!&'2%%']P+&%(!H2,$2+33%&!E+D%!
P%%-!*-!,H%2+'*,-!@,2!&,3%!'*3%4!H2%D+9%-)%!+3,-$&'!H%,H9%!OE,!*-U%)'!(2#$&!*&!9%&&!
'E+-!Y!H%2)%-':!!C9'E,#$E!+O+2%-%&&!+-(!#&%!,@!(2,H]*-!)%-'2%&!+-(!&'2%%']P+&%(!
,#'2%+)E!*&!i#*'%!E*$E!+3,-$&'!&,3%!H%,H9%!#&*-$!(2#$&4!3+-N!H%,H9%!OE,!#&%!(2#$&!
+2%!-,'!)#22%-'9N!+O+2%!,@!E*$E9N!-%)%&&+2N!&%2D*)%&!9*6%!B"b54!+-(!3+-N!(,!-,'!
+))%&&!2%&*(%-'*+9!2%E+P*9*'+'*,-!)%-'2%&4!(%',S*@*)+'*,-!)%-'2%&!+-(!E,&H*'+9&!W!3%(*)+9!
&%2D*)%&!%D%-!OE%-!'E%N!+2%!+D+*9+P9%!I&%%!M+P9%![J:!
!
18
!
?2#$!#&%!2%9+'%(!&%2D*)%! CD+*9+P9%! Q&%(!
ImJ! ImJ!
F%&*(%-'*+9!2%E+P!)%-'2%&! `<! ;Z!
?2,H]R-!G%-'2%&! Z<! `^!
?%',S*@*)+'*,-!)%-'2%&! `\! ^_!
B"b5! ^<! ^Z!
L%'E+(,-%!W!A#H2%-,2HE*-%! Y! `!
L+*-'%-+-)%!ME%2+HN!
5%%2!$2,#H&!W!"%9@]&#HH,2'! =! Y^!
?+N!)+2%! ;[! =`!
8,&H*'+9!W!L%(*)+9!&%2D*)%&! =_! ;[!
"'2%%']P+&%(!W!/#'2%+)E! `Z! `[!
!
TaAle YU Xno?ledge of availaAility and use of drug use related services amongst people using
drugs in Pakistan <five main cities=V!!",#2)%.!(%!j,2'4!1%2+2(:!;<<=:!oME2,#$E!'E%!bN%!,@!'E%!B%%(9%!k!
2%&%+2)E!*-',!'E%!%-D*2,-3%-'+9!@+)',2&!'E+'!&E+H%!'E%!(2#$!)+2%%2&!,@!N,#-$!H%,H9%!*-!&%9%)'%(!)*'*%&!*-!
C&*+:K!GE*+-$!L+*4!ME+*9+-(.!C&*+-!8+23!F%(#)'*,-!B%'O,26!IC8FBJ:!
!
!
"*$-*@*)+-'!&'2*(%&!E+D%!P%%-!3+(%!PN!'E%!B+'*,-+9!CR?"!G,-'2,9!52,$2+33%!IBCG5J!
+-(!9,)+9!B1/&!',!(%D%9,H!+!&'2+'%$*)!2%&H,-&%:!!ME%!)+H+)*'N!',!*-'%2D%-%!+'!+!&'2%%'!
9%D%9!',!H2,D*(%!E%+9'E!+-(!&,)*+9!)+2%!&%2D*)%&!',!H%,H9%!)#22%-'9N!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!E+&!
P%%-!'2*%(!+-(!'%&'%(!*-!5+6*&'+-:!!VE+'!*&!%&&%-'*+9!*&!'E+'!),D%2+$%!+-(!)+H+)*'N!
*-)2%+&%&:!!ME%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!M2+)6!&E,#9(!),-)%-'2+'%!,-!&#HH,2'*-$!
$,D%2-3%-'!+-(!B1/&!',!(*&&%3*-+'%!'E%!%SH%2'*&%!)#22%-'9N!+D+*9+P9%!O*'E*-!)%2'+*-!
&%2D*)%&!',!+99!H2,D*-)%&:!!R-'%2D%-'*,-&!H9+--%(!#-(%2!'E%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!&E,#9(!
&%%6!',!(%D%9,H!),,H%2+'*,-!P%'O%%-!'E%!B1/!&%)',2!+-(!$,D%2-3%-'!3*-*&'2*%&!k!
H+2'*)#9+29N!'E%!E%+9'E!+#'E,2*'N!k!',!%-%!'E+'!),D%2+$%!*&!&)+9%(]#H:!
!
Sri Zanka
!
"2*!d+-6+!*&!+!),#-'2N!OE*)E!E+&!P%%-!',2-!+H+2'!PN!2+)*+9!(*D*&*,-4!*-$%-)N!+-(!
2%P%99*,-!,D%2!'E%!H+&'!'E*2'N!N%+2&:!!ME*&!E+&!E+(!(2+3+'*)!(,O-'#2-!%@@%)'&!,-!+-!
%),-,3N!OE*)E!,-!*-(%H%-(%-)%!E+(!'E%!H,'%-'*+9!',!P%!+-!%),-,3*)!9%+(%2!*-!H,&']
),9,-*+9!",#'E!C&*+:!!ME%!H,H#9+'*,-!2%3+*-&!E*$E9N!9*'%2+'%!P#'!'E*&!&%%3&!',!3+$-*@N!
'E%!(%&H+*2!@%9'!PN!'E%!N,#-$!*-!'E%!),#-'2N4!+-(!(2#$!#&%!E+&!H2,9*@%2+'%(:!!C&!
19
%9&%OE%2%!*-!C&*+4!'E%!*-$%-)N!$2,#H&!E+D%!#&%(!'2+@@*)6*-$!,@!E%2,*-!+&!+!3+U,2!
&,#2)%!,@!@#-(&!',!@*-+-)%!'E%*2!+23%(!&'2#$$9%:!!ME*&!E+&!3%+-'!'E+'!E%2,*-!,@!E*$E!
i#+9*'N!+-(!9,O!H2*)%!*&!+D+*9+P9%!*-!'E%!),#-'2N:!!C9'E,#$E!E%2,*-!*&!3,&'9N!+(3*-*&'%2%(!
'E2,#$E!&3,6*-$4!'E%2%!+HH%+2&!',!P%!&*$-*@*)+-'!P#'!#-i#+-'*@*%(4!E*((%-!+-(!
#-2%+)E%(!H,H#9+'*,-&!,@!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!*-!"2*!d+-6+:!!ME%&%!$2,#H&!),-&'*'#'%!
+!3+U,2!2,#'%!'E2,#$E!OE*)E!8RT!O*99!P%!'2+-&3*''%(:!!?2#$!H,9*)N!+-(!*-'%2D%-'*,-&!*-!
"2*!d+-6+!+2%!9+2$%9N!9*3*'%(!',!(2#$!H2%D%-'*,-!&'2+'%$*%&!+-(!2%E+P*9*'+'*D%!)+2%!
I#&#+99N!9,-$]'%234!2%&*(%-'*+9!+-(!%SH%-&*D%J:!!"'2,-$9N!E%9(!3,2+9!H,&*'*,-&!+P,#'!'E%!
-+'#2%!+-(!%@@%)'&!,@!(2#$!#&%!+2%!O*(%9N!&#HH,2'%(:!!ME%&%!&'2+'%$*%&!O*99!P%!
%S'2%3%9N!9*3*'%(!*-!)#2P*-$!'E%!&%2*,#&!'E2%+'!,@!8RTWCR?"!+-(!E%H+'*'*&!G!'2+-&3*&&*,-!
'E2,#$E!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!#&%!*-!'E%!),#-'2N:!!ME%2%!+2%!-,!B1/&!)#22%-'9N!(%9*D%2*-$!
,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!',!'E%!E*((%-!H,H#9+'*,-&!,@!H%,H9%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&:!
!
ME%!%SH%2'*&%!',!&#HH,2'!'E%!(%D%9,H3%-'!,@!9,O]'E2%&E,9(4!-,-]U#($%3%-'+9!&'2%%']
P+&%(!E%+9'E!+-(!&,)*+9!)+2%!&#HH,2'!&%2D*)%&!',!H%,H9%!)#22%-'9N!*-U%)'*-$!*&!+D+*9+P9%!
*-!'E%!2%$*,-4!*:%:!*-!A+-$9+(%&E4!R-(*+!+-(!5+6*&'+-:!!ME%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!
a+&'!M2+)6!&E,#9(!),-)%-'2+'%!,-!'2+*-*-$!"2*!d+-6+-!B1/&!'E2,#$E!'E%!(%(*)+'%(!
O,26&E,H&!+-(!%S)E+-$%!D*&*'&!,#'9*-%(!*-!'E%!M2+*-*-$!+-(!bS)E+-$%!52,$2+33%:!!
ME*&!'2+*-*-$!+-(!&6*99&!%S)E+-$%!O*99!%i#*H!"2*!d+-6+-!B1/&!',!%3P+26!,-!&'2%%']
P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!OE*)E!E+D%!P%%-!@,23#9+'%(!+)),2(*-$!',!&,#-(!H#P9*)!
E%+9'E!&'2+'%$*%&:!!R-'%2D%-'*,-&!H9+--%(!#-(%2!&#P&%i#%-'!HE+&%&!,@!52,U%)'!
C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!3#&'!%-%!'E+'!B1/&!+2%!H2%]&%9%)'%(!',!P%!*-D,9D%(!*-!,#'2%+)E!
H2,$2+33%&!+-(!+2%!),33*''%(!',!H2,D*(*-$!-,-]U#($%3%-'+9!)+2%!',!H%,H9%!)#22%-'9N!
*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!+-(!2%(#)*-$!'E%!H#P9*)!E%+9'E!'E2%+'&!+&&,)*+'%(!O*'E!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$!
#&%:!!B,3*-+9!+&&%-'!O*99!-,'!P%!&#@@*)*%-':!!R@!'E%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!M2+)6!
'2+*-&!9,)+9!B1/&!',!H2,D*(%!E*$E!i#+9*'N4!%@@%)'*D%!8RT!H2%D%-'*,-!+3,-$&'!H%,H9%!
)#22%-'9N!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!*-!"2*!d+-6+4!'E*&!)+-!P%!),-&*(%2%(!+-!%S)%H'*,-+9!
+)E*%D%3%-':!
!
!
Selection of Demonstration Sites
!
Rationale
!
ME%!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&!+&&%&&%(!+-(!&%9%)'%(!+2%!+99!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!OE*)E!
&%%6!',!H2%D%-'!'E%!'2+-&3*&&*,-!,@!8RT!+-(!,'E%2!P9,,(]P,2-%!D*2#&%&!+3,-$&'!H%,H9%!
)#22%-'9N!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&:!!"%9%)'*,-!,@!&#)E!H2,$2+33%&!),-&'*'#'%(!+!(%9*P%2+'%!
20
&'2+'%$N:!!ME%!O,29(!,@!(2#$!#&%!*&!+!),-'*-#,#&9N!%D,9D*-$!+-(!3#'+'*-$!%-D*2,-3%-':!!
"'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&4!'E2,#$E!'E%*2!(+*9N!),-'+)'!O*'E!E#-(2%(&!,@!
H%,H9%!)#22%-'9N!#&*-$!(2#$&4!+2%!P%&'!%i#*HH%(!',!#-(%2&'+-(!'E%!-+'#2%!,@!'E%!(2#$!
&)%-%:!!A%)+#&%!,@!'E%!-+'#2%!,@!'E%*2!O,26!k!2%(#)*-$!'E%!'2+-&3*&&*,-!,@!8RT!'E2,#$E!
&+@%2!(2#$!#&%!k!&'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!'%+3&!+2%!O%99!D%2&%(!*-!'E%!*3H9*)+'*,-&!+-(!
(+-$%2&!,@!(2#$!#&%!+-(!E+D%!(%D%9,H%(!&*$-*@*)+-'!&6*99&!*-!%-$+$*-$!$2,#H&!,@!)#22%-'!
(2#$!#&%2&!+-(!P#*9(*-$!P2*($%&!+-(!2%9+'*,-&E*H&!O*'E!H%,H9%!#&*-$!,2!2%),D%2*-$!@2,3!
#&*-$!(2#$&!',!&#HH,2'!'E%3!*-!'E%!H2,)%&&!,@!H,&*'*D%!P%E+D*,#2!)E+-$%:!!M2+*-*-$!+-(!
%S)E+-$%!D*&*'&!',!&'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!O*99!P%!,@!$2%+'!D+9#%!',!+99!OE,!
+2%!*-D,9D%(!*-!H2*3+2N!H2%D%-'*,-Y!+-(!2%&*(%-'*+9!)+2%!I*:%:!(%',S*@*)+'*,-4!
2%E+P*9*'+'*,-!+-(!'2%+'3%-'J!O,26:!
!
52*3+2N!H2%D%-'*,-!O,26%2&!O*99!P%-%@*'!&*$-*@*)+-'9N!*-!'E%!H2%&%-'+'*,-!,@!'E%*2!
3%&&+$%&!',!'E%*2!'+2$%'!$2,#H&!*@!'E%N!E+D%!E+(!H2%D*,#&!%SH,%!'E2,#$E!'2+*-*-$!
+-(!%S)E+-$%!D*&*'&!',!&'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!OE*)E!3%%'!'E%!E%+9'E!+-(!
&,)*+9!)+2%!-%%(&!,@!H%,H9%!#&*-$!(2#$&:!!"#)E!%SH,%!O*99!*-'2,(#)%!H2+$3+'*)!
H#P9*)!E%+9'E!&'2+'%$*%&!+-(!'E%!*3H%2+'*D%!',!)+2%!@,2!H%,H9%!OE,!),-'*-#%!',!#&%!+-(!
*-U%)'!(2#$&:!
!
Q-*i#%!,HH,2'#-*'*%&!+2%!+D+*9+P9%!',!2%&*(%-'*+9!)+2%!#-*'&!+&!)9*%-'&!%-'%2!'2%+'3%-':!!
C9'E,#$E!'E%!+&H*2+'*,-!,@!'E,&%!%-'%2*-$!'2%+'3%-'!*&!&,P2*%'N4!'E%!E+2&E!2%+9*'N!,@!(2#$!
#&%!+&!+!)E2,-*)!9+H&*-$!),-(*'*,-!&E,#9(!-,'!P%!*$-,2%(:!!C&!+!),-&%i#%-)%4!(#2*-$!
'2%+'3%-'!%H*&,(%&!&+@%2!H2+)'*)%&!&E,#9(!P%!H2,3#9$+'%(!+3,-$!)9*%-'&:!!bSH,%!,@!
2%&*(%-'*+9!)+2%!&'+@@!',!&'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!O,26!O*99!%-+P9%!'E%3!',!P%),3%!D%2&%(!
*-!&+@%2!(2#$!#&%!+-(!&%S#+9!H2+)'*)%&!+-(!$,,(!E%+9'E!)+2%!+(D*)%:!!ME2,#$E!'E*&!
%SH,%4!'E%!)#22%-'!2%+9*'*%&!+-(!'2%-(&!*-!(2#$!#&%!O*99!+9&,!P%!),33#-*)+'%(:!!!
!
G,-&%i#%-'9N!*'!*&!2%),33%-(%(!'E+'!%S)E+-$%!+-(!'2+*-*-$!D*&*'&!@,2!H2*3+2N!
H2%D%-'*,-!+-(!2%&*(%-'*+9!)+2%!&'+@@!',!'E%!&%9%)'%(!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&!&E,#9(!P%!
*-),2H,2+'%(!*-',!'E%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!M2+)6:!
[
!52*3+2N!H2%D%-'*,-!OE*)E!&%%6&!',!$*D%!*-@,23+'*,-!,@!'E%!%@@%)'&!+-(!(+-$%2&!,@!(2#$!#&%!',!$2,#H&!D#9-%2+P9%!',!
%SH%2*3%-'+'*,-!O*'E!(2#$&!E+&!E+(!+!)E%i#%2%(!E*&',2N:!!R-!'E%!H+&'!3%&&+$%&!E+D%!-,'!-%)%&&+2*9N!P%%-!P+9+-)%(!
+-(!@%+2!,@!'E%!%@@%)'&!,@!(2#$&!E+&!P%%-!#&%(!+&!+!H2*3%!3,'*D+'*-$!@,2)%!',!&',H!N,#-$!H%,H9%!%SH%2*3%-'*-$:!!ME*&!
E+&!,@'%-!P%%-!),#-'%2H2,(#)'*D%4!9%+(*-$!N,#-$!H%,H9%!',!(*&'2#&'!&#)E!3%&&+$%&!+-(!E+&!E+(!'E%!@#2'E%2!%@@%)'!,@!
&'*$3+'*&*-$!H%,H9%!#&*-$!(2#$&!'E#&!3+6*-$!'E%*2!%),-,3*)!+-(!&,)*+9!2%E+P*9*'+'*,-!IH,&'!(2#$!#&%J!'E+'!3#)E!3,2%!
(*@@*)#9':!!V%&'%2-!&,)*%'*%&!E+D%!9%+2-%(!'E+'!'E%!>g#&'!"+N!B,K!)+3H+*$-!U#&'!(*(-0'!O,26:!!b@@,2'&!+'!H2*3+2N!H2%D%-'*,-!
*-!&)E,,9&!*-!'E%!Q"C4!&#)E!+&!'E%!?:C:F:b!52,$2+34!E+D%!H2,D%-!*-%@@%)'*D%!+-(!3+N!E+D%!+)'#+99N!),-'2*P#'%(!',!(2#$!
#&%:!!a#2'E%24!&)E,,9]P+&%(!H2*3+2N!H2%D%-'*,-!H2,$2+33%&!+2%!9*3*'%(!*-!'E+'!'E%N!(,!-,'!2%+)E!'E,&%!)E*9(2%-!3,&'!
D#9-%2+P9%!',!(2#$!#&%4!*:%:!&)E,,9!(2,H],#'&:!!ME%!A2*'*&E!1,D%2-3%-'!*-*'*+'*D%!OOO:'+96',@2+-6:),:#6!,@@%2&!+!P+9+-)%(!
3,(%9!'E2,#$E!OE*)E!H2%D%-'*,-!3%&&+$%&!)+-!P%!$*D%-!',!N,#-$!H%,H9%:!!M,!(+'%!9*''9%!,2!-,!2%&%+2)E!E+&!P%%-!
),-(#)'%(!',!#-(%2&'+-(!OEN!C&*+-!H%,H9%!2%&,2'!',!(2#$!#&%:!!C8FB!E+&!2%)%-'9N!),-(#)'%(!2%&%+2)E!*-',!'E%!
(%'%23*-+-'&!,@!(2#$!*-!C&*+:!!5+6*&'+-!+-(!R-(*+!+2%!),#-'2*%&!*-)9#(%(!*-!'E%!&'#(N:!!a*-(*-$&!@2,3!'E*&!&'#(N!E+D%!
P%%-!*-),2H,2+'%(!*-',!'E*&!(,)#3%-':!
21
!
!
Selection Process
!
5,'%-'*+9!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&!O%2%!&%9%)'%(!'E2,#$E!+!H2,)%&&!,@!'2*+-$#9+'*,-!
*-D,9D*-$.!
!! bD*(%-'!)+H+)*'N!,@!'E%!,2$+-*&+'*,-4!+-(!H%%2!B1/!2%),33%-(+'*,-4!
2%	'*-$!@2,3!'E%!+(3*-*&'2+'*,-!,@!'E%!"#2D%N!,@!"%2D*)%!52,D*(%2&!*-!'E%!
"CCFG!F%$*,-!I&%%!CHH%-(*S!YJe!
!! G,-	'+'*,-!O*'E!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!B+'*,-+9!a,)+9!5,*-'&e!+-(!
!! C8FB!%SH%2*%-)%!,@!'E,&%!,2$+-*&+'*,-&!H2,D*(*-$!&'2%%']P+&%(!E%+9'E!+-(!
&,)*+9!)+2%!&%2D*)%&:!
!
C!9,-$!9*&'!,@!B1/&!O+&!),99%)'%(4!P+&%(!,-!'E%&%!2%),33%-(+'*,-&:!!C!&E,2']9*&'!,@!
B1/&!O+&!*(%-'*@*%(4!P+&%(!,-!'E%!@,99,O*-$!H+2+3%'%2&:!!"E,2']9*&'%(!B1/&!
&E,#9(.!
!! 8+D%!P%%-!),-(#)'*-$!&'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!@,2!+!3*-*3#3!,@!
'E2%%!N%+2&e!
!! A%!$%,$2+HE*)+99N!+))%&&*P9%!',!'E%!B1/&!',!P%!#H&6*99%(!*-!'E%!"CCFG!
2%$*,-e!
!! A%!),-(#)'*-$!+'!9%+&'!'E2%%!,@!'E%!@,99,O*-$!H2,$2+33%&!*-!,#'2%+)E.!
-%%(9%!+-(!&N2*-$%!%S)E+-$%!H2,$2+33%!IB"b5Je!HE+23+),'E%2+HNe!
),#-&%99*-$!+-(!2%@%22+9e!-#'2*'*,-+9!&#HH,2'e!EN$*%-%!&#HH,2'e!O,#-(!
(2%&&*-$!+-(!+P&)%&&!3+-+$%3%-'e!3,-*',2*-$!,@!&%),-(+2N!*-@%)'*,-&e!
(+'+!),99%)'*,-!+-(!+-+9N&*&:!
!
/-!'E%!P+&*&!,@!'E*&!+-+9N&*&4!%*$E'!B1/&!O%2%!&E,2']9*&'%(!',!P%!D*&*'%(!+-(!
'E,2,#$E9N!+&&%&&%(:!!!
!
ME%!&E,2']9*&'%(!B1/&!O%2%!@2,3!A+-$9+(%&E!IGCFb!A+-$9+(%&EJ4!R-(*+!IG+9)#''+!
"+3+2*'+-&4!"CBjCd5!F%E+P*9*'+'*,-!M2#&'4!"8CFCB!k!",)*%'N!@,2!"%2D*)%!',!
Q2P+-!5,D%2'N4!+-(!MMj!8,&H*'+9J!+-(!5+6*&'+-!I?/"M!V%9@+2%!a,#-(+'*,-4!L+2*%!
C(%9+*(%4!+-(!B+*!f*-(+$*J:\!!
!
\
!C9'E,#$E!&,3%!&'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!E+(!P%%-!,H%2+'*,-+9!*-!B%H+9!@,2!&,3%!N%+2&4!'E%!9+)6!,@!
),-&*&'%-)N!,@!&%2D*)%&!(#2*-$!'E+'!'*3%!H2%)9#(%(!+&&%&&3%-'!,@!&#)E!&%2D*)%&!*-!'E+'!),#-'2N:!!!
22
ME%!%*$E'!&E,2']9*&'%(!B1/&!O%2%!D*&*'%(!+-(!+&&%&&%(!#&*-$!'E%!G2*'%2*+!@,2!
C&&%&&3%-'!,@!?%3,-&'2+'*,-!"*'%& I&%%!CHH%-(*S!^J:!
!
!
Demonstration Sites
!
Recommended Demonstration Sites
!
/-!'E%!P+&*&!,@!(%'+*9%(!+&&%&&3%-'!'E2,#$E!&*'%!D*&*'&!'E%!@,99,O*-$!&*S!B1/&!+2%!
2%),33%-(%(!+&!H,'%-'*+9!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&!@,2!'E%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!
M2+)6:!!ME%&%!&*S!B1/&!2%H2%&%-'!%S)%99%-)%!*-!'E%!H2,D*&*,-!,@!E,9*&'*)!E%+9'E!+-(!
&,)*+9!)+2%!&%2D*)%&!',!H%,H9%!#&*-$!(2#$&:!
!
SHARAN [ Society for Service to UrAan Poverty <Ondia=
"8CFCB!E+&!(%D%9,H%(!&'2%%']P+&%(!H#P9*)!E%+9'E!&%2D*)%&!OE*)E!)+-!&%2D%!+&!+!
3,(%9!@,2!+-!*-'%$2+'%(!+HH2,+)E!',!8RT!'2+-&3*&&*,-!2*&6&4!+-(!'E%!'2%+'3%-'!+-(!)+2%!
,@!)9*%-'&!@,99,O*-$!%SH,%!',!&#)E!2*&6&:!!"8CFCBr&!@+)*9*'*%&4!OE*)E!+2%!9,)+'%(!*-!
+-!*3H,D%2*&E%(!+2%+!,@!B%O!?%9E*4!H2,D*(%!+!2+-$%!,@!&%2D*)%&!OE*)E!+2%!
),3H2%E%-&*D%!+-(!)9,&%!',!+!,-%]&',H]&E,H!H2*-)*H9%:!
!
Nai \indagi <Pakistan=
B+*!f*-(+$* E+&!(%3,-&'2+'%(!%S)%99%-)%!*-!&%2D*)%!H2,D*&*,-!,D%2!+!-#3P%2!,@!N%+2&:!!
B+*!f*-(+$*!H+2'*)#9+29N!,@@%2&!+!#-*i#%!P+9+-)%!*-!(%+9*-$!O*'E!'E%!)+#&%&!,@!(2#$!#&%!
I*:%:!#-%3H9,N3%-'4!H,,2!(%D%9,H3%-'!,HH,2'#-*'*%&J!PN!'E%!H2,D*&*,-!,@!%3H9,N+P9%!
&6*99&!+-(!U,P&4!+-(!'E%!%@@%)'&!,@!(2#$!#&%!I*:%:!H,,2!E%+9'E4!8RT!+-(!E%H+'*'*&!G!
'2+-&3*&&*,-J!'E2,#$E!*'&!&'2%%']P+&%(!E%+9'E!+-(!&,)*+9!)+2%!*-*'*+'*D%&:!
!
SANXAZP RehaAilitation Trust <Ondia=
"CBjCd5!E+&!%SH%2*%-)%(!+-!%S)%H'*,-+9!*-)2%+&%!*-!*'&!,2$+-*&+'*,-+9!)+H+)*'N!,D%2!
'E%!H+&'!@%O!N%+2&:!!R'!E+&!(%(*)+'%(!'%+3!3%3P%2&!+-(!$,,(!,#'2%+)E!@+)*9*'*%&:!!R'&!
9*-6&!O*'E!+(D,)+)N!$2,#H&!OE*)E!&#HH,2'!'E%!2*$E'&!,@!&'2%%']P+&%(!H%,H9%!OE,!+2%!
*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!',!$%-%2*)!'2%+'3%-'!+-(!)+2%!+2%!%S)%99%-':!
!
CARK Bangladesh <Bangladesh=
GCFb!A+-$9+(%&E!E+&!2#-!D%2N!%@@%)'*D%!-%%(9%!+-(!&N2*-$%!%S)E+-$%!,#'2%+)E!
H2,$2+33%&!@,2!+!-#3P%2!,@!N%+2&!+-(!)+-!&%2D%!+&!+!3,(%9!@,2!'E%!2%$*,-:!!GCFb!
23
A+-$9+(%&E!+9&,!E+&!%S'%-&*D%!%SH%2*%-)%!*-!@,&'%2*-$!$2,O'E!+3,-$!,'E%2!
,2$+-*&+'*,-&!*-!A+-$9+(%&E:!
!
TTX Hospital <Ondia=
MMj!8,&H*'+9!E+&!(%D%9,H%(!+!D%2N!H2,@%&&*,-+9!+HH2,+)E!',!&'2%%']P+&%(!E%+9'E!+-(!
&,)*+9!)+2%!&%2D*)%&:!!A%)+#&%!'E%!,2$+-*&+'*,-!E+&!+-!%&'+P9*&E%(!2%H#'+'*,-!@,2!
H2,D*(*-$!+P&'*-%-)%]P+&%(!2%E+P*9*'+'*,-!*'!)+-!P%!+-!%@@%)'*D%!P2*($%!@,2!'E,&%!OE,!
E+D%!(,#P'&!+P,#'!'E%!&'2+'%$N!+-(!+HH2,+)E!',!&)+9%]#H!&%2D*)%&!2%),33%-(%(!*-!
'E*&!2%H,2':!
!
Sarie Adelaide <Pakistan=
L+2*%!C(%9+*(% E+&!2%)%-'9N!(%D%9,H%(!,#'2%+)E!H2,$2+33%&!*-)9#(*-$!-%%(9%!+-(!
&N2*-$%!%S)E+-$%!IB"b5J!',!)#22%-'!*-U%)',2&!,@!(2#$&:!!C&!+!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%!*'!)+-!
H+2'*)#9+29N!&#HH,2'!'E,&%!OE,!E+D%!2%&%2D+'*,-&!,2!OE,!+2%!-%O!',!'E%!2%&H,-&%&!
H2,H,&%(!*-!'E*&!2%H,2':!
!
!
Not Recommended as Demonstration Sites
!
/-!'E%!P+&*&!,@!(%'+*9%(!+&&%&&3%-'!'E2,#$E!&*'%!D*&*'&!'E%!@,99,O*-$!'O,!B1/&!+2%!-,'!
2%),33%-(%(!+&!H,'%-'*+9!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&!@,2!'E%!52,$2+33%!5E+&%!,@!'E%!a+&'!
M2+)6:!
!
Calcutta Samaritans <Ondia=
G+9)#''+!"+3+2*'+-&!*&!+-!*3H,2'+-'!&%2D*)%!H2,D*(%2!,@!&'2%%']P+&%(!E%+9'E!+-(!&,)*+9!
)+2%!&%2D*)%&!+-(!E+&!P%%-!+)'*D%!@,2!+!-#3P%2!,@!N%+2&:!!8,O%D%2!'E%!,2$+-*&+'*,-!*&!
)#22%-'9N!*-!+!'2+-&*'*,-!H%2*,(!*-D,9D*-$!'E%!),-&,9*(+'*,-!,@!*'&!&%2D*)%&:!!a,2!'E*&!
2%+&,-!*'!O+&!-,'!2%),33%-(%(!+&!+!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%:!
!
DCST ]elfare Qoundation
?/"M!V%9@+2%!a,#-(+'*,-!*&!-,'!)#22%-'9N!H2,D*(*-$!+!&#@@*)*%-'!2+-$%!,@!&%2D*)%&!',!
H%,H9%!OE,!+2%!*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&!',!i#+9*@N!+&!+!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%:!
!
!
24
Training and KLchange Program
!
M2+*-*-$!2%&H,-&%&!(#2*-$!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^!&E,#9(!P%!P#*9'!,-!+!@,#-(+'*,-!,@!
),2%!H#P9*)!E%+9'E!H2*-)*H9%&!+-(!'E%!2%),$-*'*,-!,@!'E%!E#3+-!2*$E'&!,@!H%,H9%!#&*-$!
(2#$&:!!B1/&!&E,#9(!P%!E%9H%(!',!P#*9(!,2$+-*&+'*,-+9!)+H+)*'N!+-(!%-),#2+$%(!
',O+2(&!'2+-&H+2%-'!$,D%2-+-)%!+-(!+)),#-'+P*9*'N4!+-(!'E%!(%D%9,H3%-'!,@!&,#-(!
E#3+-!2%&,#2)%!+-(!@*-+-)%!H,9*)*%&!+-(!H2,)%(#2%&:!!52,$2+33%!H9+--*-$4!
*3H9%3%-'+'*,-4!3,-*',2*-$!+-(!%D+9#+'*,-!&6*99&!&E,#9(!P%!2%),$-*&%(!+&!*-'%$2+9!',!
'E%!&#))%&&!,@!+-N!2%&H,-&%!',!'E%!'O*-!%H*(%3*)&!,@!8RTWCR?"!+-(!(2#$!#&%:!!M2+*-*-$!
&E,#9(!+9&,!2%@9%)'!'E%!*3H,2'+-)%!,@!'E%!-%%(!',!H9+)%!H2,$2+33%!2%&H,-&%&!O*'E*-!+-!
*-'%$2+'%(4!E,9*&'*)!+-(!2%+9*&'*)!),-'*-##3!,@!)+2%:!
!
ME%!H2,)%&&!#-(%2'+6%-!',!H2,D*(%!'2+*-*-$!&E,#9(!*-),2H,2+'%!+!'E2%%]H+2'!+HH2,+)E:!!
R-!'E%!@*2&'!H+2'4!'E%!),3H,-%-'&!-%)%&&+2N!',!(%D%9,H!E,9*&'*)!&'2%%']P+&%(!,#'2%+)E!
H2,$2+33%&!&E,#9(!P%!'+#$E':!!ME%!&%),-(!H+2'!O*99!*-D,9D%!O,26&E,H&!OE*)E!O*99!
&#HH,2'!'E%!(%D%9,H3%-'!,@!3,(%9!H2,U%)'&!OE*)E!2%&H,-(!',!'E%!-%%(&!,@!H%,H9%!
*-U%)'*-$!(2#$&:!!ME*&!*&!,#'9*-%(!#-(%2!'E%!-%S'!&%)'*,-!Ib@@%)'*D%!R-'%2D%-'*,-!52,U%)'&J:!!
5+2'!'E2%%!O*99!*-*'*+'%!,-$,*-$!'2+*-*-$!'E2,#$E,#'!'E%!9*@%'*3%!,@!H2,U%)'&!P%*-$!
*3H9%3%-'%(!*-!&#P&%i#%-'!HE+&%&!,@!52,U%)'!C?WFC"W;<<^W8Y^4!+-(!O*99!),-)%-'2+'%!
3,&'9N!,-!@+)*9*'+'*-$!%S)E+-$%!D*&*'&!',!'E%!2%),33%-(%(!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&!@,2!6%N!
*3H9%3%-'*-$!&'+@@!&,!'E+'!'E%N!)+-!O*'-%&&!E,9*&'*)!3,(%9!*-'%2D%-'*,-&!*-!H2+)'*)%:!!M,!
%-%!'E*&!,))#2&4!+!P#($%'!&E,#9(!P%!+99,)+'%(!',!'E%!(%3,-&'2+'*,-!&*'%&!',!(%@2+N!
),&'&!+&&,)*+'%(!O*'E!E,&'*-$!'E%&%!'2+*-*-$!D*&*'&:!
!
R-!H+2'!,-%4!'E%2%!*&!&*$-*@*)+-'!,D%29+H!*-!'E%!@#-(+3%-'+9!'2+*-*-$!2%i#*2%(!@,2!&'+@@!+-(!
3+-+$%2&!,@!(2,H]*-!)%-'2%&!I?RGJ4!,#'2%+)E!&%2D*)%&4!-%%(9%!+-(!&N2*-$%!%S)E+-$%!
H2,$2+33%&!IB"b5&J4!+-(!HE+23+),'E%2+HN!(*&H%-&*-$!H2,$2+33%&:!!M2+*-*-$!
&E,#9(!%3HE+&*&%!'E%!-%%(!',!%-%!'E+'!&%2D*)%&!+2%!9,O!'E2%&E,9(4!+))%&&*P9%4!)9*%-'!
@,)#&%(4!E,9*&'*)4!+-(!),-@*(%-'*+9:!!?2,H]*-!)%-'2%4!,#'2%+)E!+-(!B"b5!'2+*-*-$!&E,#9(!
@,)#&!,-.!
!! ME%!(%D%9,H3%-'!,@!+HH2,H2*+'%!H,9*)*%&!+-(!H2,)%(#2%&4!*-)9#(*-$!&+@%'N!
H2,',),9&!+-(!*(%-'*@*)+'*,-!&N&'%3&4!2%9+H&%!W!P#2-,#'!H2%D%-'*,-!+-(!
H2,@%&&*,-+9!&#H%2D*&*,-!@,2!&'+@@e!!
!! G,33#-*)+'*,-!+-(!),-@9*)'!2%&,9#'*,-!&6*99&e!!
!! A9,,(]P,2-%!D*2#&%&!+-(!'2+-&3*&&*,-!2*&6&e!!
!! ?2#$!HE+23+),9,$N!+-(!(2#$!#&%e!!
!! F*&6&!2%9+'%(!',!*-U%)'*-$e!!
25
!! "+@%2!*-U%)'*-$!H2+)'*)%&4!D%*-!)+2%4!+-(!O,#-(!(2%&&*-$!+-(!3+-+$%3%-'e!!
!! /D%2(,&%!2%),$-*'*,-!+-(!2%&H,-&%e!!
!! Q-*D%2&+9!H2%)+#'*,-&4!&+@%!(*&H,&+9!,@!#&%(!*-U%)'*-$!%i#*H3%-'4!+-(!
-%%(9%&'*)6!*-U#2N!3+-+$%3%-'e!!
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27
Conclusions and Recommendations
!
!
Conclusions
!
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!
28
Recommendations
!
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!
!
!
29
!
Appendices
!
!
30
Appendix 1 * Survey of Service Providers in the SAARC Region
The %sian *arm -eduction 3et4or5 6%*-37
!"#" %&' ()* +,-./01.- 2/-3456-78 !&67 #99-:4
;<./0* +,-./0 ;.-* =,.->./? @ABAB
!,&/4C DDE@FE)GF(H@ I.'C DDE@FE)GF(HD
J1.->C .,5/K>&'-/9&":&"7, L4M6-74C
, NN ,
PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION OF HIV AMONG
PEOPLE USING DRUGS IN SAARC COUNTRIES
(UNODC, ROSA Project Number AD/RAS/2003/H13)
Street address:
Phone number:
Fax number:
Email contact:
Website address:
Year that organisation was established
Main contact person@s name:
Main contact person@s position A title:
Name of person completing survey:
(for internal reference only)
Position A title of person completing survey:
(for internal reference only)
2.1 Which of the following describe the people who access your organisation’s servicesX
Please tick as many boxes as appropriate.
! Women ! Prisoners
! Men ! Men who have sex with men (MSMs)
! Migrant workers ! Commercial sex workers (CSWs)
! Eunuchs A transgender ! Homeless people
! Young people (less than 2J years of ageK including street children)
! People using drugs (please specify)
! InMecting
! NonNinMecting
! People of particular ethnicity A language A caste group (please specify)
! Other (please specify)
2.2 What is the preferred drug of choice for the majority of your clientsX
Please tick only two (2) options.
! AmphetamineNtype substances (ATS) ! Heroin
! BenRodiaRepines ! Morphine
! Cannabis A hashish ! Opium
! Cocaine A crack ! Ecstasy (MDMA)
! Hallucinogens (i.e. LSD, mescaline, ketamine, psilocybin mushrooms, etc. W please specify)
3.1 Please detail the geographic area covered by your organisation (i.e. name of village /
town / city and/or region, as appropriate).
3.2 How would you describe the geographic location of your organisationX
! Urban ! Coastal
! Rural ! Border area
3.3 What is the estimated size of your organisation’s potential target populationX
! 0 W 1,000 ! 3,001 W ],000
! 1,001 W 2,000 ! ],001 W J,000
! 2,001 W 3,000 ! More than J,001
3.4 What are the above estimates based onX
! Polls ! Official records
! Surveys A ^uestionnaires ! Empirical estimates
! Admission ! Registration
! Best guess
! Other (please specify)
3.5 What is the estimated number of people (per year) from the target population who
receive your servicesX
! 0 W 30 ! 31W J0
! J1 W 100 ! 101 W J00
! J01 W 1,000 ! 1,001 W 2,000
! 2,001 W 3,000 ! 3,001 W ],000
! ],001 W J,000 ! More than J,001
3.6 What are the above estimates based onX
! Polls ! Official records
! Surveys A ^uestionnaires ! Empirical estimates
! Admission ! Registration
! Best guess
! Other (please specify)
3.7 What is the estimated activity level of your organisationX Specifically, the estimated
number of `client contacts’ per yearX
`Client contacts’ are all the interactions between program staff and clients that exceed
five (5) minutes in duration, and result in a professional outcome, i.e. care given,
counselling, referral. Please note: `Contacts’ to say hello or other brief interactions
should not be included in the estimation.
! 0 W 30 ! 31W J0
! J1 W 100 ! 101 W J00
! J01 W 1,000 ! 1,001 W 2,000
! 2,001 W 3,000 ! 3,001 W ],000
! ],001 W J,000 ! More than J,001
3.8 What are the above estimates based onX
! Polls ! Official records
! Surveys A ^uestionnaires ! Empirical estimates
! Admission ! Registration
! Best guess
! Other (please specify)
3.9 What is the estimated percentage of people who have free (i.e. without charge)
access to your organisation’s servicesX
! 0N10_ ! J1N60_
! 11N20_ ! 61N70_
! 21N30_ ! 71N80_
! 31N]0_ ! 81N90_
! ]1NJ0_ ! 91N100_
3.10 How many outlets / centres / facilities does your organisation consist ofX
(Please give number)
Advocacy has several different definitions, all of which state that advocacy aims at influencing
decision*making with the goals of developing, establishing or changing policies and of
establishing and sustaining programmes and services.
3.13 If yes, also specify for whom. Please tick as many boxes as appropriate.
! Risk population:
! Women ! Men ! Commercial sex workers (CSWs)
! Prisoners ! Migrant workers ! Men who have sex with men
(MSMs)
! Eunuchs A transgender ! Homeless people
! People using drugs (please specify)
! InMecting
! NonNinMecting
! Young people (less than 2J years of ageK including street children)
! People of particular ethnicity A language A caste group (please specify)
! Other (please specify)
3.14 If no, does another organisation provide advocacy services for your client groupX
! Yes (please specify the organisation and its contact details) ! No
3.15 If another provides advocacy services for your client group, do you refer people
from your client group to this organisationX
! Yes ! No (please specify why not)
3.16 Does your organisation promote more inclusive and compassionate approaches to
drug use amongst law enforcement agencies, medical and health agencies, schools,
policy makers, community at large, othersX
! Yes ! No
3.17 If yes, specify for whom.
! Law enforcement agencies ! Schools
! Medical and health agencies ! Policy makers
! Community at large ! Other (please specify)
Yes No Referral
3.21 Please list your organisation’s three (3) main services in order of importance.
1.
2.
3.
! Infrastructure ! !
! Programme development ! !
! Management ! !
! Contract management ! !
! Financial accounting ! !
! Skills building ! !
! Capacity building ! !
! Other ! !
NGO 1:
Organisation name:
Country:
Postal address:
Street address:
Phone number:
Fax number:
Email contact:
Website address:
Main contact person@s name:
Main contact person@s position A title:
Street address:
Phone number:
Fax number:
Email contact:
Website address:
Main contact person@s name:
Main contact person@s position A title:
Con%ac% (e*son ! =8sc8 Cichae- 7X#8,]a1 BeIi8na- CanaIer i Oestern BeIi8n : Cr.
,os%al add*ess ! ji--aIe RaD&$1 7istrict 'hane1 jasai SOestU KF;EFG
/%*ee% add*ess ! ?hristian Y-i1 Ra&&$
,hone ! SFE_FU E<EaFaJ
1a2 ! SFE_FU E<Ea_E;
3mail ! kvasai@sancharnet.in
We7si%e ! PPP.kriDaV8,n&ati8n.8rI
3s%a7lished ! ;JJK
8a*ge% (o(:la%ions ! O80en1 Cen1 Q8,nI De8D-e S-ess than E_ $ears 8V aIeg inc-,&inI street
chi-&renU1 Re8D-e ,sinI &r,Is S.n@ectinI1 T8n-in@ectinIU1 Re8D-e 8V Dartic,-ar
ethnicit$ : -anI,aIe : caste Ir8,D Sfisher V8-k : ?,-tivat8rsU1 Rris8ners1 Cen
Ph8 have se3 Pith 0en SC#CsU1 Z80e-ess De8D-e1 BeVerra-s Vr80 c80Danies
;*:gs o< conce*n ! Y0Dheta0ine-t$De s,bstances SY'#U1 =en]8&ia]eDines1 ?annabis : hashish1
?8caine : crack1 dDi8i&s SCetha&8neU1 #8-vents S'$DePriter Phi-ener1 I-,e1
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;HMHXC 1JUA;C8HJA PLT 009Q
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
1. Core values
Does the NGO?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.1. Value human life.
1.2. Respect the dignity of all people.
1.3. Respect diversity.
1.]. Promote the e^uality of all people without
distinction of any kind, such as race,
colour, sex, language, religion, political or
other opinion.
1.J. Prevent and eliminate human suffering.
1.6. Support community values that encourage
respect for others and a willingness to
work together to find solutions, in the spirit
of compassion and mutual support
addressing social and economic ine^uities
and fostering social Mustice.
2. Human Rights
Does the NGO respect?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
2.1. The right to health.
2.2. The right to e^uality and non discrimination.
2.3. The right to privacy.
2.]. The right to information.
2.J. The right of participation.
2.6. The right to enMoy the benefits of scientific
progress.
2.7. Freedom from torture.
2.8. The right to work.
2.9. The right to education.
2.10.The right to an ade^uate standard of living.
Item 5 4 3 2 1
3.1. Have a broad definition of health.
3.2. Address Population vulnerability.
3.3. Use an evidenceNbased approach.
3.]. Work at all levels of prevention.
3.J. Work to organise the local community.
3.6. Advocate for public health policy reform.
3.7. Prioritise work with vulnerable groups e.g.
People living HIVAAIDSK WomenK ChildrenK
People who InMect Drugs.
4. Continuum Principles
Does the NGO?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
].1. Link with a continuum of care and
treatment for people using drugs.
].2. Link VCT with treatment, care and support
services.
].3. Conduct VCT in a manner that ensures that
people@s rights are protected.
].]. Address Stigma and Discrimination.
].J. Provide access to ARV treatment.
].6. Understand that ARV treatment saves lives.
].7. Link ARV effectiveness back so that
individuals have an enhanced sense of wellN
being, increased opportunities to contribute
to local society.
].8. Link ARV effectiveness back to VCT and
improve the ^uality of counselling.
].9. Acknowledge the limitsAspecial conditions of
ARV with regards to certain patients e.g. A
person who is Hepatitis C positive.
Item 5 4 3 2 1
J.1. Promote law and policy reform critical for
building an environment which supports the
rights of people inMecting drugs and assists
in their treatment and care.
J.2. Foster partnerships with other NGOs, Health
Authorities, Government Departments to
develop comprehensive, integrated and
cohesive response to HIVAAIDS and
inMecting drug use.
J.3. Improve access to education.
J.]. Work towards sustainable livelihoods.
J.J. Address root causes of drug use and
HIVAAIDS vulnerability e.g. unemploymentK
povertyK lack of generic health care and
genderNbased violence.
OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES
1. Governance
NGOs have transparent governance and are accountable to their communities /
constituencies.
(Governance bodies need to have clear written policies, which are effectively
implemented in practice)
Does the NGO have policies that address the following?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.1. Appointment and termination of members of
the governing body.
1.2. Identifying and mitigating conflicts of interest.
1.3. Defined roles and responsibilities of the
governing body, both individually and Mointly,
including strategic planning, financial probity
and oversight of ^uality assurance.
1.]. Guidance about how the strategic
responsibilities of the governing body are
delegated to operational management.
1.J. Accountability and reporting arrangements
both internally, and to donors, NGO partners
and communities where applicable
1.6. Mandate from communities.
Item 5 4 3 2 1
2.1. A clear statement of mission.
2.2. Strategic obMectives, for a defined period,
informed by an assessment of the HIVAAIDS
situation(s), the range of institutional
responses that already exist, and the
organiRational capacity.
2.3. An operational plan to support the
achievement of strategic obMectives, including
clear timeframes, performance indicators,
allocation of financial and human resources
needed to meet these indicators, and a
strategic approach to human resources
management.
3. Human resources
Does the NGO value, support and manage their human resources by?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
3.1. Explicitly valuing staff and volunteer
contributions.
3.2. Allocating sufficient human and financial
resources to achieve the obMectives set.
3.3. Outlining clear management responsibility for
staff and volunteer support, development and
wellbeing.
Item 5 4 3 2 1
].1. Fair, transparent and effective recruitment and
selection of staff and volunteers, including
e^ual employment opportunity.
].2. Consistent and clear guidance to staff
regarding roles and responsibilities including
Mob description and development and regular
review of staff work plans.
].3. Assessment of human resource capacity.
].]. OrganiRational learning by supporting staff and
volunteers training and development.
].J. Security, safety and health of staff and
volunteers.
].6. Ensures that all staff have access to regular
professional supervision.
5. Financial procedures
Does the NGO manage its financial resources in an efficient, transparent and
accountable manner by?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
J.1. Systemic preparation of budgets linked to
strategic, operational and programmes plans.
J.2. Internal control systems that ensure
consistent and reliable financial information,
that complies with legal re^uirements.
J.3. Internal accounting systems which provide
regular financial reports, in a consistent,
accessible format to enable monitoring of
programmes spending against budget
allocation.
J.]. Regular financial reporting to management
and governing board, donors and statutory
reports where re^uired.
J.J. Annual financial auditing of accounts.
Has the NGO implemented programmes whose objectives and priorities are
based on evidence from?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
6.1. Relevant epidemiological, social and
behavioural research
6.2. Assessment of community need.
6.3. Mapping of available services and gaps
6.]. Community strength and capacity
Item 5 4 3 2 1
6.J. HIVAAIDS prevention among IDUs
6.6. Programme design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation.
6.7. Organisational development including
strategic planning, financial and administrative
systems, human resource effectiveness.
Item 5 4 3 2 1
6.8. Setting obMectives at outset which can be
monitored and evaluated
6.9. Systematic collection of ^uantitative and
^ualitative information relevant to programmes
and environment
6.10.Evaluating programmes to assess ^uality,
efficiency and effectiveness
6.11.Using findings to fineNtune and direct existing
and future programmes
6.12.A comprehensive and secure stock control
system
Does the NGO monitor its advocacy efforts by?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
6.13.Setting clear obMectives about the legal, policy
or social change sought.
6.1].Identifying target audience of advocacy
efforts.
6.1J.Identifying and developing strategic
partnerships
6.16.Monitoring information e.g. media etc to
evaluate impact.
6.17.Reflect on various techni^ues used to
establish effectiveness.
Item 5 4 3 2 1
7.1. The rights of people inMecting drugs are
respected
7.2. The rights of clients are articulated and
promoted in local community
7.3. Clients have access to information which
assists them to decide on participation in
programme.
7.]. Clients have access to userNfriendly
complaints mechanism.
7.J. Confidentiality is respected
7.6. Participation of people inMecting drugs and
affected community is demonstrated widely
within organisation.
PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLES
1. HIV prevention
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.1. Sexual and reproductive health
programmes including STI prevention and
treatment.
1.2. Harm reduction programmes
including NSP(Needle and syringe
programmes)
1.3. Drug treatment services
1.]. Generic health care programmes
1.J. HIV treatment, care and support
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.6. Easily accessible information about HIV
infection risks and means of prevention.
1.7. Tailored education programmes including
counselling, discussion groups, and peer
support activities to reduce risk and make
informed decisions of treatment.
1.8. Access and information on tools for
prevention W condoms, sterile inMecting
e^uipment.
1.9. Access to voluntary testing and
counselling linked to care and support.
1.10. Locating sites close to target population.
1.11. Interventions that are informed by
assessment of epidemiology and social
patterns to identify the dynamics of
transmission.
1.12. Targeting vulnerability by giving priority to
populations at risk
1.13. Programmes which are informed by data,
feedback and review of difficulties in
adopting safer practices.
Has the NGO developed specific HIV reduction programmes which?
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.1]. Are intensive, interactive, personalised
and based on individualised assessment
of risk prevention
1.1J. Provide information, support and
strategies to cope with strong pressure to
engage in unsafe activities.
1.16. Provide opportunities for discussion of
issues arising from risk behaviours.
DROP IN CENTRE * OUTREACH PROGRAMME
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.1. Is easily accessible to people inMecting drugs
1.2. Is welcoming
1.3. Is holistic and nonNMudgemental
1.]. Provides opportunities for a oneNstopNshop
range of health and social care services.
1.J. Provides facilities for dignified, confidential
and private treatment
1.6. Provides policies and procedures governing
service and contact with clients.
1.7. Provides approved identification cards for
staff members
1.8. Provide safety protocols for staff.
1.9. Registers client in confidentiality.
1.10. Provides medical identity cards for clients.
1.11. Records pertinent client data.
1.12. Analyses data to refine service delivery.
1.13. Maintains clinical conditions when
appropriate.
1.1]. Provides HIV counselling and testing which
is voluntary, informed consentNbased,
confidential and provides postNtest practical
support and effective referral.
1.1J. Provides referral or treatment for TB,
opportunistic infections and STIs and
monitors and manages adherence to
medication for secondaryAopportunistic
infections.
1.16. Provides appropriate referrals to different
agencies including possible vaccination for
hepatitis A e B.
1.17. Provides easily accessible information about
safer sexual practices.
1.18. Provides basic nutrition for clients
1.19. Provides opportunities to meet basic
personal hygiene needs of clients.
1.20. Provides costNfree services
1.21. Networks with other stakeholders in the
community.
NEEDLE g SYRINGE EhCHANGE PROGRAMME (NSEP) AND WOUND CARE
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.1. Training for staff in principles of public
health and marry those to Harm Reduction
strategies.
1.2. Training for staff in blood borne viruses and
transmission risk, safer inMecting, legal
status of possession of inMecting e^uipment,
criminal code relating to drug use, overdose
recognition and response, safe handling
and disposal of e^uipment, universal
precautions, needle stick inMury
management, management of stress,
violence and aggression.
1.3. The possibility of vaccination of Hepatitis A
e B for staff involved in activity.
1.]. Support to staff to build awareness of the
place of NSP in a holistic interaction with
people inMecting drugs and the wider
community.
1.J. Support to staff to enable them to develop
trusting and mutual relationships with
clients.
1.6. Unconditional and costNfree access to
needles and syringes for clients.
1.7. An ade^uate and appropriate range and
^uantity of sterile needle syringes and
inMecting paraphernalia.
1.8. Targeted educational material relevant to
inMecting drug use and accessible to local
people who inMect drugs.
1.9. Advice to clients on safer inMecting, vein
care, responses to inMecting complications.
1.10. Training for clients about overdose W risksK
signs ofK recognitionK response.
1.11. Training for clients in responsible and safe
disposal of inMecting e^uipment.
1.12. Support to staff to become advocates of
safe disposal of e^uipment by people using
drugs.
1.13. Facility for the appropriate disposal of
inMecting e^uipment
1.1]. Personal and portable disposal units to
either outreach teams or clients.
1.1J. Regular data collection and monitoring of
amounts of needles and syringes distributed
and returned.
1.16. Wound dressing and management
PHARMOCOTHERAPY * ORAL SUBSTITUTION
Item 5 4 3 2 1
1.1. Is in accordance with internationally
recognised treatment protocols.
1.2. Is supervised by a ^ualified medical
practitioner.
1.3. Ensures staff and clients have a good
understanding of legal status of oral
substitution therapy and have training in
blood borne viruses and transmission risk,
versed in oral substitution protocols, safer
inMecting, legal status of possession of
inMecting e^uipment, criminal code relating
to drug use, overdose recognition and
response, safe handling and disposal of
e^uipment, universal precautions, needle
stick inMury management, management of
stress, violence and aggression.
1.]. The possibility of vaccination of Hepatitis A
e B for staff involved in activity.
1.J. Is easily accessible to people inMecting
drugs with enough flexibility to acknowledge
time constraints and necessary absence of
clients.
1.6. Is provided based on voluntary admission
(no coercion involved), confidentiality,
mutual respect, client rights and informed
consent.
1.7. Recognises that the greatest value of
substitution therapy is supporting clients
through longNterm maintenance.
1.8. Clients are advised about benefits and
potential side effects (including withdrawal)
of substitution therapy.
1.9. Is administered advisedly recognising
special needs of people who need
additional treatment for pain, epilepsy, TB,
depression, anxiety, insomnia, ARV
treatment, or have a compromised liver, or
are Hepatitis C positive.
1.10. Dose levels and adMustments are made in
consultation with clients to maximise
stability.
1.11. Provides clients with information about
bloodNborne viruses, risk behaviours, safer
inMecting and sexual practices, overdose
risks and responses, risks associated with
doubleNscripting, dose diversion and
inMection of substitution drug.
1.12. Encourages open, nonNMudgemental, nonN
punitive dialogue with clients.
1.13. Provides individual counselling and
facilitates peer group discussion
opportunities.
1.1]. Is linked to and can refer to a continuum of
services for people who inMect drugs and
generic health care services.
1.1J. Recognises specific needs of women during
pregnancy and after birth of child.
1.16. Costs of treatment are minimised to clients
and are in line with a lowNthreshold
approach.
Appendix 4 * Bibliography
1. Agarwal A. i., Singh G.B, ihundom i.C., Singh N.D., Singh T. et. al 1999,.
The prevalence of HIV in female sex workers in Manipur. d. Common Diseases.
March. 31 (1): pp 23N28.
2. Ahmed, N.U., (1999). 6789:7!3 ,)#&$* &* ;)*<2)=",0 (edited). ShohoMogi W
AIDS (Forum provided by the foundation du
present.(http:AAhivnet.ch:800AasiaAbangladeshA)
3. Ahmed, S.i., (2001). Community intervention team: an approach to drug abuse
intervention. Panel presentation: drug related HIV risks, livelihoods and
communities in Asia. Presented at 12th International harm Reduction
Conference 1NJ March, 2001. New Delhi India.
]. AIDS in India page. Ac^uired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS in India
www.indianchild.comAaidsjinjindia.htmj18k
J. Amal, dayasinghe. (200]). Sri LankaNgays: Sri Lanka gays mark five years with
kvisible@ ball. Colombo: Agence France NpresseNSeptember ] Agence France,
2000.
6. AntiNNarcotics Force. (2000). Drug dealers Convicted and Ac^uitted.
Newsletter, 2(6), NovNDec 2000. http:www.anf.gov.pkAnewsletters.htm
7. Ashaful, A., (1999). Risk behaviours among inMecting drug users in Dhaka city:
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