SURVEYING AND APPRAISAL
SURVEYING
• browsing over available materials and
resources about a research topic
• using the card catalog or the online catalog for
pertinent titles
• previewing certain parts of a material to get an
idea of its contents
APPRAISAL
• evaluating or assessing the value or worth of
resources and materials based on accepted
standards
• objectively considering materials and
resources as references for one’s research
work
INFORMATION
• various facts in different forms
• objective details drawn from experts and
professionals in the field
• either in printed form or accessed online
FACTORS IN APPRAISING INFORMATION
• primary and secondary nature
• objectivity
• qualifications of the author
• nature and level of the source
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY NATURE
PRIMARY SOURCES:
- first hand sources of information
- original
- unanalyzed or uninterpreted by other
parties
Examples:
• original documents, relics, works of art
• interviews
• actual experiments
• original autobiographies, journals or memoirs
• personal notes from actual observations, witnessing
• original, unadulterated audio-visuals
SECONDARY SOURCES:
- second-hand sources of information
- published, analyzed, interpreted, translated
Examples:
• printed books
• reference books
• maps, graphs, tables
• periodicals
OBJECTIVITY
• factuality of information
• reliability and validity of data
• relevance to the development of the topic
• presence of empirical evidence
QUALIFICATIONS OF THE AUTHOR
• academic credentials
• expertise in the field
• exposure and experience on the subject matter
• professional standing among peers in the field
NATURE AND LEVEL OF THE SOURCE
• up-to-dateness (not lower than 5 years)
• credibility of the publisher
• peer-reviewed
• appropriate to the level of the proponent’s
manageability
Bibliography cards
• collation of titles of resource materials about the topic
• contains basic publication information
- name of author/s
- title
- publisher
- place of publication
- copyright year
- page numbers (for articles)
- date of retrieval (if accessed
online)
- call number (if gathered from the
library)
• 3x5 index cards
• arranged alphabetically with the author’s last
name as basis
SECTIONS IN THE LIBRARY
• General Circulation: responsible for the
processing of library materials being borrowed
and returned.
• Technical : responsible for the acquisition and
classification of library materials
• General Reference and Information: include
encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases,
gazetteers, biographical directories, almanacs
and yearbooks
• Map Collection: a comprehensive collection
of Philippine and World maps
• Music : contain material on the study and
teaching of music, musical scores, tapes,
phonodiscs, CDs
 • Current Serials: include current issues of
general and professional periodical literature in
local and international publication
• Science and Technology: supports the
teaching and needs for topics in engineering,
science, pharmacy, physical sciences and
technology
• Civil Law : caters to legal research
• Graduate School: contains published and
unpublished theses and dissertations of UST
graduate students
• Social Sciences: contains information
sources on education, sociology, history,
political science, management, economics,
statistics, accounting, marketing, business and
cultural anthropology
• Filipiniana: contains books written in the
Philippines; by Filipino authors; printed in the
Philippines; and UST publications
• Spanish: preserves books and periodicals on
Spanish art, literature and culture
• Antonio V. Del Rosario UST Heritage
Library: the depository of the vast printed
collections of UST consisting of rare historical
materials
• Humanities: contains books about the arts,
philosophy, languages, mass communication,
broadcasting, journalism, photography, fiction
• Multi-media Room: houses CDs, VCDs,
DVDs, cassette tapes and video tapes for
teaching, self-learning or entertainment
• Serials: provides bound volumes of general
and professional periodical literature
• Old Books: houses books of older editions
safekept due to their historical significance
ONLINE DATABASES
• EBSCO Host
• JSTOR
• ScienceDirect
• Gale Virtual Reference Library
• Benavides Project
OUTLINING
WHAT AN OUTLINE IS
• hierarchical way to display related items of text
to graphically depict their relationship
• the blueprint of the research work
• an orderly plan showing the development of
the research process
PARTS
• THESIS STATEMENT: the controlling idea of
the entire material
• MAIN HEADINGS: major ideas which provide
the backbone of the outline
• SUBHEADINGS: supporting details to the
main headings
FUNCTIONS IN RESEARCH
• facilitates organization of ideas broken down into main
ideas (main headings) and supporting details
(subheadings)
• facilitates the plan of development or organizational
technique to be used
• provides a framework of the logical flow of the
research process
OUTLINE FORMATS
• TOPIC OUTLINE : organized list of related ideas
expressed in words and phrases
• SENTENCE OUTLINE: organized list of related ideas
expressed in complete sentences
Examples:
TOPIC OUTLINE
The Problem of Unemployment
TS: Unemployment is one of the most important
problems the country is facing today.
I. Meaning of unemployment
II. Causes of unemployment
III. Effects of unemployment
IV. Remedies for unemployment
SENTENCE OUTLINE
The Problem of Unemployment
TS: Unemployment is one of the most important
problems the country is facing today.
I. Unemployment is the involuntary idleness on
the part of the laborers who are able to work
but cannot find work.
II. Unemployment is due to a number of
factors.
III. Unemployment brings about many
undesirable physical and social effects on the
laborers and on the country.
IV. Several remedies have been suggested
and practiced to combat unemployment.
OUTLINE FORMATS
• CONVENTIONAL: uses alternating numbers and
letters as follows:
Roman numerals- major ideas
Capital letters – secondary ideas
Arabic numerals - third-rank ideas
Small letters – fourth-rank ideas
Arabic numerals in parentheses – fifth-rank ideas
Small letters in parentheses – sixth-rank ideas
• DECIMAL SYSTEM: consists of a sequence of only
Arabic numerals and periods as follows: GETTING STARTED
1.,2.,3., etc for major ideas • Read the material carefully.
1.1., 2.1.etc for secondary ideas • Jot down important notes.
1.1.1., 2.1.1. etc. for third-rank ideas • From among the notes, choose the possible main
1.1.1.1., 2.1.1.1., etc for fourth-rank ideas ideas.
1.1.1.1.1., 2.1.1.1.1., etc. for fifth rank • Organize the main ideas based on a principle of
ideas organization.
1.1.1.1.1.1., 2.1.1.1.1. etc. for sixth-rank • Then choose the possible supporting details for each
ideas main idea.
• Formulate the thesis statement.
MECHANICS OF OUTLINING • Choose a format to present the breakdown of ideas.
• A sequence of logical symbols must be used to • Check the logical relationship of the ideas.
indicate clearly the different parts.
• Each smaller part or idea is indicated not only by a
change in symbol, but also by a slight indentation
under the preceding heading, and all ideas of the
same rank are aligned down the page.
• Each heading or entry begins with a capital letter.
• A period is placed after each numeral and letter, but no
period follows a number or letter placed in
parentheses. In the Decimal System, a period follows
every numeral.
• No punctuation is needed at the end of each heading
in a topic outline. A period follows each heading in a
sentence outline.
• The headings in such series marked with the same
kind of number should be of equal importance.
• The wording of the outline should be brief and simple.
• There should be no single subheading under any
heading. A single subheading may be combined with
its heading for the benefit of logic and arrangement.

PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION

CHRONOLOGY
• sequence of events
• step by step
• beginning to end
• procedural
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
• top to bottom
• left to right
• inside to outside
• physically descriptive
• geographical
ANALYSIS
• developmental
• simple to complex
• part to whole
CAUSE AND EFFECT
• stimulus – response
• action – reaction
• reasons – results
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
• similarities and differences
• advantages and disadvantages