How’s Life in Australia?

How’s Life in Australia?

Australia’s current well-being, 2018 or latest available year
CIVIC INCOME
ENGAGEMENT AND
WEALTH
Hav ing House-
Voter no say in hold House-
SOCIAL
turnout gov ernment* income hold
CONNECTIONS Lack of w ealth S80/S20
social income
share ratio* HOUSING
support*
Social Housing
inter- affordability
actions
Ov er-
Gender crow ding
WORK-LIFE rate*
gap in
BALANCE hours
w orked* Employ -
ment rate
Time off
Gender
w age gap*
Gender WORK AND
gap in JOB QUALITY
feeling Long hours
safe in paid
SAFETY w ork*
Homicides*
Life
ex pectancy
Negative
affect Gap in life
balance* ex pectancy by
SUBJECTIVE Life education
satisfaction Student (men)* HEALTH
WELL-BEING Ex posure to Students skills in
outdoor air Access
w ith science
pollution* to green low skills*
space
AVERAGE KNOWLEDGE
INEQUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SKILLS
QUALITY

Note: This chart shows Australia’s relative strengths and weaknesses in well-being compared to other OECD countries. Longer bars always
indicate better outcomes (i.e. higher wellbeing), whereas shorter bars always indicate worse outcomes (lower well-being) – including for negative
indicators, marked with an *, which have been reverse-scored. Inequalities (gaps between top and bottom, differences between groups, people
falling under a deprivation threshold) are shaded with stripes, and missing data in white.

Australia’s resources for future well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Natural Capital Economic Capital Human Capital Social Capital

Educational
Greenhouse gas
Produced fixed assets attainment of Trust in others
…
emissions per capita
young adults …
Financial net worth of Trust in
Material footprint Premature mortality
government government

Red List Index of Labour Gender parity in

Household debt
threatened species underutilisation rate politics

Note: ❶=top-performing OECD tier, ❷=middle-performing OECD tier, ❸=bottom-performing OECD tier. ➚ indicates consistent
improvement; ↔ indicates no clear or consistent trend; ➘ indicates consistent deterioration, and “…” indicates insufficient time series to
determine trends since 2010. For methodological details, see the Reader’s Guide of How’s Life? 2020.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

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For more information

Access the complete publication, including information about the methods used to determine trends at:
https://doi.org/10.1787/9870c393-en.
Find the data used in this country profile at: http://oecd.org/statistics/Better-Life-Initiative-2020-country-
notes-data.xlsx.

Deprivations in Australia
Deprivations in selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

AUSTRALIA

12% 38%
of the population live in relative would be at risk of falling into poverty if they
income poverty had to forgo 3 months of their income

20% 5%
of poor households spend more than of the population report low
40% of their income on housing costs life satisfaction

6%
say they have no friends or family There is no data available on
to turn to in times of need satisfaction with time use

Source: OECD (2020), How’s Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being

Note: Relative income poverty refers to the share of people with household disposable income below 50% of the national median; financial
insecurity refers to the share of individuals who are not income poor, but whose liquid financial assets are insufficient to support them at the
level of the national relative income poverty line for at least three months; housing cost overburden refers to the share of households in the
bottom 40% of the income distribution spending more than 40% of their disposable income on housing costs; and low satisfaction with life and
with time use refer to the share of the population rating their satisfaction as 4 or lower (on a 0-10 scale).

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

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Inequalities between men and women in Australia

Gender ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Feeling safe 0.64

Employment rate 0.86

Earnings 0.88
Long-term
unemployment rate
0.92

Time off 0.92

Adult skills (numeracy) 0.95

Hours worked
(paid and unpaid)
0.99

Student skills (science) 1.00

Having a say in
government
1.00

Social support 1.00

Perceived health 1.01

Life satisfaction 1.01

Life expectancy 1.05

Job strain 1.31

Social interactions 1.35

Homicide victims // 2.00

Long working hours
(in paid work)
// 3.06
Deaths from suicide,
alcohol, drugs
// 3.17

Men doing better OECD average Women doing better

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between men and women, defined as gender ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

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Inequalities between age groups in Australia

Age ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year
A. Younger and middle-aged people

Long-term
unemployment rate
// 0.37

Earnings 0.71

Employment rate 0.74

Having a say in
government
0.88

Job strain 0.90

Feeling safe 0.98

Adult skills (numeracy) 0.98

Life satisfaction 1.03

Social support 1.05

Long working hours

(in paid work)
// 3.04

Middle-aged people doing better OECD average Younger people doing better

B. Younger and older people

Long-term
unemployment rate
// 0.42

Earnings 0.72

Having a say in
government
0.82

Job strain 0.92

Employment rate 0.94

Life satisfaction 1.00

Adult skills (numeracy) 1.05

Social support 1.05

Feeling safe 1.11

Long working hours

(in paid work)
// 3.18

Older people doing better OECD average Younger people doing better

Note: Age ranges differ according to each indicator and are only broadly comparable. They generally refer to 15-24/29 years for young people,
25/30 to 45/50 years for the middle-aged and 50 years and over for older people. See How’s Life? 2020 for further details. Grey bubbles denote
no clear difference between age groups, defined as age ratios within 0.03 points distance to parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

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Inequalities between people with different educational attainment in Australia

Education ratios (distance from parity) for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Job strain // 0.29

Long-term
unemployment rate
// 0.47

Having a say in
government
0.68

Earnings 0.77

Feeling safe 0.84

Employment rate 0.92

Perceived health 0.94

Life expectancy (men) 0.94

Life satisfaction 0.97

Life expectancy (women) 0.98

Social support 0.99

Long working hours

(in paid work)
1.00

People with tertiary education doing better OECD average People with upper secondary education doing better

Note: Grey bubbles denote no clear difference between groups with different educational attainment, defined as education ratios within
0.03 points distance to parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

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Inequalities between top and bottom performers in Australia

Vertical inequalities for selected indicators of current well-being, 2018 or latest available year

Household income of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20% Share of wealth owned by the top 10%, percentage
12 90

80
10
70

8 60
51.7
50 46.5
6 5.5 5.4
40

4 30

20
2
10

0 0

Earnings of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%, PISA score in science of the top 10% relative to the bottom 10%
full-time employees
6 2

1.71 1.67
5

4
3.4
3.1
3 1

0 0

Life satisfaction scores of the top 20% relative to the bottom 20% Satisfaction with time use scores of the top 20%
relative to the bottom 20%
4 4

3 3 2.78

2.1
2
2 2

1 1

0 0

Note: For all figures, countries are ranked from left (most unequal) to right (least unequal).

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

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Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Australia – I

Household income
(household net adjusted disposable income, Average
USD at 2017 PPPs*, per capita) AUS
OECD
~ 28 000 ~36 600
Income and Wealth

Household wealth
Average
(median net wealth, USD at 2016 PPPs)
OECD AUS
~162 000 ~251 000

S80/S20 income share ratio

(the household income for the top 20%,
Inequality
divided by the household income for the
AUS OECD
bottom 20%) 5.5 5.4

Housing affordability
(share of disposable income remaining after Average
housing costs) OECD AUS
Housing

79.2 79.8

Overcrowding rate
(share of households living in overcrowded Inequality No data available for Australia.
conditions)

Employment rate
(employed people aged 25-64, as a share of Average
the population of the same age) OECD AUS
76.5 77.2
Work and Job Quality

Gender wage gap

(difference between male and female median Inequality
wages expressed as a share of male wages) OECD AUS
12.9 11.7

Long hours in paid work

(share of employees usually working 50+ Inequality
AUS OECD
hours per week)
12.5 7

Life expectancy
Health

(number of years a newborn can expect to Average

live) OECD AUS
80.5 82.6

Note: The snapshot depicts data for 2018, or the latest available year, for each indicator. The colour of the circle indicates the direction of
change, relative to 2010, or the closest available year: = consistent improvement, = consistent deterioration, = no clear trend,
and white for insufficient time series to determine trends. The OECD average is marked in black. For methodological details, see the Reader’s
Guide of How’s Life? 2020. * = Purchasing Power Parity.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020

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Trends in current well-being since 2010 in Australia – II

Environmental Knowledge and

Student skills in science

Skills

Average
(PISA mean scores) OECD AUS
489 503
Quality

Exposure to outdoor air pollution

Inequality
(share of population > WHO threshold)
OECD AUS
62.8 26

Life satisfaction
Subjective Well-being

Average
(mean value on a 0-10 scale) OECD AUS
7.4 7.6

Negative affect balance

(share of population reporting more negative Inequality
OECD
than positive feelings and states yesterday) AUS
13
12

Homicides
Average
(per 100 000 population) OECD AUS
2.4 1
Safety

Gender gap in feeling safe

(percentage difference that women feel less Inequality
safe than men when walking alone at night) AUS OECD
-30.1 -16

Time off
Work-life
Balance

(time allocated to leisure and personal care, Average

hours per day) AUS OECD
14.4 15

Social interactions
Average
Social Connections

(hours per week)

AUS OECD
4.7 6

Lack of social support

(share of people who report having no friends
Inequality
or relatives whom they can count on in times OECD AUS
of trouble) 8.6 5.6
Engagement

Voter turnout*
Civic

Average
(share of registered voters who cast votes)
OECD AUS
69 91

Note: See note on page 7. Australia enforces compulsory voting, marked with *.

HOW’S LIFE? 2020 © OECD 2020