Name L.

t Class Y9G Date 12/11/2020

1 The diagram opposite shows the structure of a

ceramic material.
(a) Use the diagram to help answer the questions
below.
(i) Give one reason why ceramic materials usually
have high melting points.

Answer: Because these bonds are hard long and close to

each other.

(1)

(ii) Give one reason why ceramic materials are hard and brittle.
Answer: Because the bonds inside are hard and strong.

(1)

(b) Materials with lattice structures often form crystals when becoming solid.
Explain how the largest crystals can be formed from a molten ceramic material.
Answer: If the ceramics are molten the bonds can be made into a lattice structure with the heat.

(2)

(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)

1 A mass of 2.4 g of magnesium metal was burnt in oxygen. 4.0 g of magnesium oxide was
produced.
Use the data to calculate the percentage of magnesium in magnesium oxide.

Answer: 4.0-2.4=1.6

1.6/2.4 x100=66.67%

(Total for Question 2 = 2 marks)

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2 The table below shows how four metals react when heated in air.

Metal Reaction when heated in air

gold does not change

copper slowly turns black

mercury very slowly forms a red powder

sodium immediately bursts into flames

(a) List the metals in order of reactivity. Put the most reactive first.

Answer: Sodium, Copper, Mercury, Gold

(1)

(b) Complete and balance the symbol equation for the reaction when mercury forms the red
powder.

___2___Hg + O2 → _2___ __HgO_____

(1)

(c) State what the 2 in front of the Hg in the symbol equation means.

Answer: That there are 2 mercury in the equation.

(1)

(d) Use the particle model to explain why heating the mercury speeds up the reaction.

Answer: Because the particle in mercury will hit each other often which will make the heating very
fast because if you heat a object the particle in it will hit each other the more they hit each other
the faster the reaction is.

(1)

(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)

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2 A piece of sodium is heated in a Bunsen flame. The sodium catches fire and reacts with the
oxygen in the air. The product is sodium oxide.
(a) The diagrams show the electron arrangement in an atom of sodium and an atom of oxygen.

Sodium oxide contains ionic bonds.

Describe what happens, in terms of electrons, when sodium reacts with oxygen.

Answer: Each sodium losses an electron that means sodium is oxidized and each oxygen gained 2
electrons.

(2)

(b) Draw circles round the symbols that represent the two ions produced.

(2)

(Total for Question 4 = 4 marks)

3 The apparatus below shows a piece of magnesium ribbon being heated.

During the heating, the magnesium reacts with oxygen from the air. The lid of the crucible
was raised slightly from time to time. Magnesium oxide was formed as a white powder.
The experiment was repeated with different masses of magnesium.
The results are shown in the table.

Mass of mass of Mass of oxygen

experiment magnesium used magnesium oxide in magnesium
(g) formed (g) oxide (g)
1 0.05 0.11 0.06
2 0.10 0.17 0.07
3 0.15 0.23 0.08
4 0.20 0.39 0.19
5 0.25 0.37 0.12
6 0.30 0.46 0.13

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 (a) Draw a graph of the mass of oxygen in magnesium oxide against the mass of
M magnesium used.
as
s
of
ox
yg
en
in
m
ag
ne
si
u
m
ox
id

Mass of magnesium used (g)

(3)

(b) The result for experiment 5 is anomalous. The masses were all measured accurately.
Suggest a reason for this anomalous result.

Answer: Because 1 of the students did a mistake in the experiment like missing the timing.

(1)

(Total for Question 5 = 4 marks)

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4 Lead nitrate solution mixed with sodium sulphate solution forms lead sulphate as a precipitate.

Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → PbSO4 + 2NaNO3

In an experiment, the theoretical yield of lead sulphate for this reaction was 2.85 g.
In the experiment only 2.53 g of lead sulphate is obtained.
Calculate the percentage yield of lead sulphate in this experiment. Show your workings.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
2.85-2.53=0.32

0.32/2.85x100=11.22%

Percentage yield = ………

11.22%…..

(2)
(Total for Question 6 = 2 marks)

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