‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺟﻤﺸﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻦ٭‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪Behin@hotmail.com‬‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ )ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ( ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻏـﺬ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ; ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ; ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ; ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪e‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫‪h‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬

‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪r‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻱ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺁﺑﮕﺮﻳﺰﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﻒ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ]‪.[٢‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ )‪ (Flotation‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ]‪ .[١‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ )ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ( ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ‪ %٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ٤٠-٤٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﺑﺪﻭﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﺑﮕﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ %١/٥‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ %٣‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ‪%١‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻻﺑﻼﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ %١/٥‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ )ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﮐﺴﻴﮋﻧﻪ( ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ٦‬ﻗﻄﺮﻩ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪١٥‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻻﺑﻼﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻳﻚ‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺑﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ ١‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -١‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ١‬ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺒﺎﺑﺴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬

‫‪1/cm2‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪%ISO‬‬
‫‪pH‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ‬

‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫ﺭﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬

‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻤﺰﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺪﺍﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪٨٢٧٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٥٦/٨٠‬‬ ‫‪٤/١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢/٢٢‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٠-٢٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪٧٨٩٨٦‬‬ ‫‪٥٨/٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٤/١٢‬‬ ‫‪٣/٣٣‬‬
‫‪٧١١٤٢‬‬ ‫‪٦١/١٥‬‬ ‫‪٤/١٢‬‬ ‫‪٤/٤٤‬‬

‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪i‬‬
‫‪٦٦٦٤٩‬‬ ‫‪٦٢/٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٤/١٢‬‬ ‫‪٥/٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫‪٦٦٢٨٦‬‬ ‫‪٦٢/٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٤/١٣‬‬ ‫‪٦/٦٦‬‬

‫‪h‬‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪%١‬‬
‫‪٦٥٥٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٦٢/٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٤/١٣‬‬ ‫‪٧/٧٧‬‬

‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬

‫‪r‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺩ‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ %١/٥‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ‪%٣‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ‪ %١‬ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻗﻴﺖ‬
‫)‪ (Brightness‬ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ )ﻟﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ( ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ "ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ" ﻭ "ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ" ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ١١١٧‬ﭼﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (١‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭖ ﺍﻳﻨﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪67‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪65‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﯽ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬

‫‪63‬‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ )‪(ISO%‬‬
‫‪61‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ‬
‫‪57‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪55‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ %١/٥‬ﺳﻮﺩ ﻭ ‪ %٢/٤‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ )‪(%‬‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ‪ %١‬ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ %١/٥‬ﺳﻮﺩ ﻭ ‪ %٣‬ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻭ‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ %١‬ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻒ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‪،‬‬

‫‪f‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ)‪ (٣‬ﻭ )‪ (٤‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬

‫‪iv‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺍﻧﺤﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻒ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ‬

‫‪h‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬

‫‪68‬‬

‫‪67‬‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪100000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪(۱/‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ‬
‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪80000‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ )‪(ISO%‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪70000‬‬
‫‪65‬‬
‫‪60000‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫‪50000‬‬
‫‪63‬‬ ‫‪40000‬‬

‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪30000‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ )‪(%‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ )‪(%‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٣‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٢‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ‬
‫‪[1] R.W.J. McKinney; Technology of Paper‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Recycling, "Waste paper preparation and‬‬
‫‪contamination removal"; edited by R.W. J.‬‬
‫‪McKinney, Director: fiber research consultants‬‬ ‫‪70000‬‬
‫‪ltd. bookham surrey, first edition, pages 48-‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‬
‫)‪129 (1995‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ )ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪(۱/‬‬

‫‪60000‬‬
‫‪[2] R.H. Perry; Chemical Engineering‬‬
‫‪Handbook, "Flotation"; Editor: McGraw-Hill,‬‬
‫‪50000‬‬
‫)‪15th edition, Chapter 21, page 46 (1984‬‬

‫‪[3] R.J. Lewis; Hawley's Condensed Chemical‬‬ ‫‪40000‬‬

‫‪Dictionary, "Cellulose"; Van Nostrand‬‬
‫)‪Reinhold, 13th edition, page 227 (1997‬‬
‫‪30000‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ )‪(%‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٤‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬

‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬

‫‪v‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺁﻟﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧـﻪ‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫ﺍﺛــﺮ ﻣﻨﻔــﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺑــﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻴــﺎﻑ ﺳــﻠﻮﻟﺰﻱ ﻧــﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺧــﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻤﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺟـﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴـﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜــﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴــﻴﺪ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻨﻬــﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﺮ ﺍﻛﺴـﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺟﻤـﻊ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻧﻘـﺶ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ]‪ .[٣‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸـﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟـﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻏـﺬ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬