Alandi (D),

Pune, India

Momentum Equation
(Computational Fluid Dynamics)

Prof. Pramod P. Kothmire

School of Mechanical & Civil Engineering, Alandi Pune
WEBINAR 05
th
30 July 2020
 Sub topics

• Another approach for continuity equation

• Conservation of momentum
• Application of momentum equation
 Continuity Equation
Consider the model of moving fluid element,
(Mass is fixed)

(Time Derivative of mass)

(splitting the terms)

Continuity equation in partial differentiation and non-conservation form

 Conservation of momentum
• Momentum is a physics term;
• It refers to the quantity of motion that an object has.
• A sports team that is on the move has the momentum.
• If an object is in motion (on the move) then it has momentum.

Fundamental physical principal to model a flow:

F = ma

Vector relation and can be split into three scalar relations

 Sources of Force
Body forces: Act directly on volumetric mass of fluid element (@ at a distance)

Example: Gravitational, Electric and Magnetic

Surface forces: Act directly on the surface of fluid element

Mainly due to a) Pressure distribution

b) Shear and normal stress distribution
Analysis of Force
 Momentum ConservationMomentum Equation
U j U j P  ij
  U i    g j

t xi x j xi 

I
   V
II III IV

 U j U i  2
 ij         ij  U k
I : Local change with time
 xi x j  3 xk
II : Momentum convection
III: Surface force
IV: Molecular-dependent momentum exchange(diffusion)
V: Mass force

Navier-Stokes Equation II
Momentum Equation for Incompressible Fluid
 ij  U j U i  2
 
      ij   U k
xi xi  x x j  3 xi xk
 i 
U i
0
xi  ij  2U j  2U j
 U i
    
xi xi2 x j xi xi2

U j P U j  2U j
  U i    g j
t xi x j xi
2

Navier-Stokes Equation III

 WEBINAR 06
3rd August 2020
 Conservation of momentum
• Momentum is a physics term;
• It refers to the quantity of motion that an object has.
• A sports team that is on the move has the momentum.
• If an object is in motion (on the move) then it has momentum.

Fundamental physical principal to model a flow:

F = ma

Vector relation and can be split into three scalar relations

Momentum = mass x velocity

 Sources of Force
Body forces: Act directly on volumetric mass of fluid element (@ at a distance)

Example: Gravitational, Electric and Magnetic

Surface forces: Act directly on the surface of fluid element

Mainly due to a) Pressure distribution

b) Shear and normal stress distribution
Analysis of Force
1) Body force
2) Pressure force
3) Shear force

Fx = max
For the moving fluid, the net surface forces will be written as:
Considering the right side,

Combining the equations we get,

Navier-Stokes equation
 Momentum ConservationMomentum Equation
U j U j P  ij
  U i    g j

t xi x j xi 

I
   V
II III IV

 U j U i  2
 ij         ij  U k
I : Local change with time
 xi x j  3 xk
II : Momentum convection
III: Surface force
IV: Molecular-dependent momentum exchange(diffusion)
V: Mass force

Navier-Stokes Equation II
Momentum Equation for Incompressible Fluid
 ij  U j U i  2
 
      ij   U k
xi xi  x x j  3 xi xk
 i 
U i
0
xi  ij  2U j  2U j
 U i
    
xi xi2 x j xi xi2

U j P U j  2U j
  U i    g j
t xi x j xi
2

Navier-Stokes Equation III