UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MANABÍ

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

ESCUELA DE ENFERMERÍA
NIVEL I

PORTAFOLIO ASIGNATURA:

INGLES LEC. COM. NIVEL PREINTERMEDIO

PARALELO:

“D”

PERTENECE A:
MOREIRA RAMÍREZ LISBETH GERALDINE.

DOCENTE:

LCDO. VERA VELEZ FRANCISCO RICARDO

PERIODO:
OCTUBRE 2015- FEBRERO 2016
 PERSONAL NOUNS
SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS:
I, you, he / she / it, we, you, they.
I am from Perú. (yo) 
You are very kind. (tu)
He is my doctor. (él)
She is my friend. (ella)
We are from Mexico. (nosotros)
You are very tall. (ustedes)
They are friends. (ellos)
It is a glass of milk. (eso)

OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS:
Me, you, her / him / it, us, you, them.
Andrea is looking at me. a (mí)
He will explain everything to you. a (tí)
Manuel is telling him/her how to withdraw money. a (él/ella)
The machine gave us money. a (nosotros)
This money is for you guys. para (ustedes)
Don’t give it to them. a (ellos).
 WHATS IS A VERB?
The verb is King in English. The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a
one-word sentence with a verb, for example: “Stop!” You cannot make a one-word
sentence with any other type of Word.
Verbs are sometimes described as “action words”. This is partly true. Many verbs give
the idea of action, of “doing” somenting. For example, words like run, fight, do and
work all convey action.
But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state,
of “being”. For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.
A verb always has a subject. (In the sentence “John speaks English”, Jhon is the subject
and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are words that
tell us what a subject does ori s; they describe:

Action (Ram plays football)

State (Anthony seems kind)

There is something very special about verbs in English. Most other words (adjectives,
adverbs, prepositions, etc) do not change in form (although nouns can have singular and
plural forms). But almost all verbs change in form. For example, the verb to work has
five forms:
To work, work, Works, worked, working
Of course, this is still very few forms compared to some languages which have thirty or
more forms for a single verb.

VERB CLASSIFICATION
We divide verbs into two broad classifications:
Helping Verbs
Imagine that a stranger walks into your room and says:
I can.
People must.
The Earth will.
Do you understand anything? Has this person communicated anything to you? Probably
not! That`s because these verbs are helping verbs and have no meaning on their own.
They are necessary for the gramatical structure of the sentence, but thet do not tell us
very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They “help” the main
verb. (The sentence in the above examples are therefore incomplete. They need at least
a main verb to complete them). There are only about 15 helping verbs.
Main Verbs
Now imagine that the same atrager walks into your room and says:
I teach.
People eat.
The Earth rotates.
Do you understand something? Has this person communicated something to you?
Probably yes! Not a lot, but something. That´s because these verbs are main verbs and
have meaning on their own. They tell us something. Of course, there are thousands of
main verbs.
In the following table we see example sentences with helping verbs and main verbs.
Notice that all these sentences have a main verb. Only some of them have a helping
verb.
Helping verb Main verb
John likes coffe.
You Lied to me.
They Are happy.
The children are Playing
We must Go now.
I do not Want any.

HELPING VERBS
Helping verbs are also called “auxiliary verbs”.
Helping verbs have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the gramatical
structure of a sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping
verbs with main verbs. They “help” the main verb (which has the real meaning). There
are only about 15 helping verbs in English, and we divide them into two basic groups:
Primary helping verbs (3 verbs)
These are the verbs be, do, and have. Note that we can use these three verbs as helping
verbs or as main verbs. On this page we talk about them as helping verbs. We use them
in the following cases:
be
To make continuous tenses (He is watching TV)
To make the passive (Small fish are eaten by big fish)
have
To make perfect tenses (I have finished my homework)

do
to make negatives ( I do not like you)
to ask questions (Do you want some coffee?)
to show emphasis (I do want you to pass your exam)
to stand for a main verb in some constructions (He speaks faster than she does)

Modal helping verbs (10 verbs)

We use modal helping verbs to “modify” the meaning of the main verb in some way. A
modal helping verb expresses necessity or possibility, and changes the main verb in that
sense. These are the modal verbs:
can, could
may, might
will, would
shall, should
must
ougth to

Here are examples using modal verbs:

I cant speak Chinese
John may arrive late
Would you like a cup of coffee?
You should see a doctor
I really must go now

Semi-modal verbs (3verbs)

The following verbs are often called “semi-modals” because they are partly like modal
helping verbs and partly like main verbs:
need, dare, used to
MAIN VERBS
Main verbs are also called “lexical verbs”.
Main verbs have meaning on their own (unlike helping verbs). There are thousands of
main verbs, and we can classify them in several ways:
Dynamic and stative verbs
Some verbs describe action. They are called “dynamic”, and can be used with
continuous tenses. Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation). They are called
“stative”, and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them
can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning).

Dynamic verbs (examples):

hit, explode, fight, run, go

Stative verbs (examples):

be
like, love, prefer, wish
impress, please, surprise
hear, see, sound
belong to, consist of, contain, include, need
appear, resemble, seem

Regular and irregular verbs

This is more a question of vocabulary than of gramar. The only real difference between
regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and
past participle forms. For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending
is always the same: -ed. For irregular, the past tense ending and the past participle
ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.

Regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

look, looked, looked
work, worked, worked

Irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

buy, bought, bought
cut, cut, cut
do, did, done
One way to think of regular and irregular verbs is like this: all verbs are irregular and
the so-called regular verbs are simply one very large group of irregular verbs.

WHAT DO YOU
DO?

WHAT DO YOU DO?

I am student

WHAT DOES HE/SHE DO?

 She is doctor

WHAT DOES YOUR FATHER?

Mi father is mechanic

PRACTIC
John Travolta is an actor
Woody Allen is a movie actor
Beyonce is a Singer

VOCABULARY

Taxi driver

Firefighter

Soldier

Lawyer

EXCERCISES
My uncle Luis a taxi driver. His wife a theacher. His son want to be a doctor.

Martin’s Brother is a firefgter and he es a pólice officcer. His father were a soldier.

Mi best friend is an excelent doctor. Her boy friend is a engieer. They need a lawyer a
write.

ARTICLES A and AN

She is are doctors = cusndo es plural no van los artículos, puesto que a y an, son artículos; un,
una, uno.

A dog.  A house. Una casa.
A: se utiliza delante de palabras que comienzan con consonante:

A car.  A table

AN: se utiliza delante de palabras que comienzan con vocal:

An elephant.  An apple. 

An umbrella.  A book. 

A woman He is a lawyer.

I am a doctor. She is an engineer

FAMILY AND RELATIVES

VOCABULARY

 PARENTS: Padres
 SIBLINGS: Hermanos
  CHILDREN: Hijos

 GREAT-GRANDMOTHER: Bisabuela
 GREAT-GRANDFATHER: Bisabuelo
 GRANDMOTHER: Abuela
 GRANDFATHER: Abuelo
 MOTHER: Madre
 FATHER: Padre
 WIFE: Esposa
 HUSBAND: Marido
 AUNT: Tía
 UNCLE: Tío
 NIECE: Sobrina
 NEPHEW: Sobrino
 SISTER: Hermana
 BROTHER: Hermano
 COUSIN: Primo/a
 DAUGHTER: Hija
 SON: Hijo
 GRANDDAUGHTER:
Nieta
 GRANDSON: Nieto
 GRANDMA: Abuelita
 GRANDPA: Abuelito
 MOM /MUM: Mamá, má.
 MUMMY: Mami
 DAD: Papá
 DADDY: Papi

POSSESSIVE NOUNS
‘S – S’
Se usa el apostrofe y la “s” para indicar que algo le pertenece a alguien, “el coche
de Pedro” será “Peter’s car”.  

Entonces tenemos que añadir al sustantivo un apóstrofo (') y luego la letra "s".
  My sister’s house. - La casa de mi hermana.

 Their son’s friends. - Los amigos de su hijo.

 Mary’s shoes. - Los zapatos de María.

 The boy’s toy. - El juguete del niño.

 The boy’s toys. - Los juguetes del niño. (El número de los juguetes no importa)

Cuando los sustantivos terminan en “s” no se le agrega otra “s” sino simplemente el
“apostrofe” (‘).

 The boss’ office. – La oficina del jefe.

 Thomas’ new car is a Mercedes. - El nuevo coche de Tomás es un Mercedes.

Los ejemplos anteriores se refieren a los sustantivos singulares. En el caso de los

sustantivos plurales solo añadimos el apóstrofe al final del sustantivo.

 The boy’s juguete. (singular) - El juguete del niño.

 The boys’ juguetes. (plural boy+s) -  Los juguetes de los niños.
 My parents’ house. - La casa de mis padres.

UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANICS

NOMBRES PROPIOS
DIAS DE LA SEMANA
PAISES, CIUDADES
GENTILILCIOS
Ecuadorian
Mexican
European
Japanese
Russian

PRONOMBRE I

MESES DEL AÑO

IDIOMAS
 THERE IS, THERE ARE, WHITH SOME, ANY,
SEVERAL, A LOT, MANY, MUCH

SOME:

a) Con calificativos incontables, “some” se usa delante de ellos para indicar “algo de”
(aunque en español pueda no usarse ningún cuantificador en estos casos). Se utiliza en
oraciones afirmativas.
Ej.:
I have some money. Tengo (algo de) dinero.

There is some water in the bottle. Hay (algo de) agua en la botella.

b) Con calificativos contables (siempre en plural), “some” se usa delante de ellos para
indicar “algunos/as” (aunque en español pueda no usarse ningún cuantificador en estos
casos). Se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas.
Ej.:
There are some pictures on the wall. Hay (algunos) cuadros en la pared.
She is playing with some friends. Ella está jugando con (algunas) amigas.
 

ANY:

a) Con calificativos incontables, “any” se usa delante de ellos para indicar “nada de”
(cuando la oración es negativa) o “algo de” (cuando se usa en una pregunta), aunque en
español pueda no usarse ningún cuantificador en estos casos.

Ej.:
I don’t have any money. No tengo (nada de) dinero.
There isn’t any water in the bottle. No hay (nada de) agua en la botella.
Do you have any money? ¿Tienes (algo de) dinero?
Is there any water in the bottle? ¿Hay (algo de) agua en la botella?
b) Con nombres contables “any” se usa delante de ellos para indicar “ningún/ninguna”
(cuando la oración es negativa) o “algunos/algunas” (cuando se usa en una pregunta),
aunque en español pueda no usarse ningún cuantificador en estos casos.

Ej.:
There aren’t any pictures on the wall. No hay cuadros (ningún cuadro) en la pared.
Are there any chairs in the room? ¿Hay (algunas) sillas en la habitación?

¡Ojo!: Hay preguntas en las que se puede usar “some” en lugar de “any”, que
normalmente se usan al pedir u ofrecer algo, cuando se presume una respuesta
afirmativa.

Ej.:
Do you want some coffee? ¿Quieres (algo de) café?

MUCH:
Se utiliza “much” con calificativos incontables para indicar mucha cantidad. Se usa en
oraciones negativas y preguntas.

Ej.:
I don’t have much money. No tengo mucho dinero.

Is there much water in the bottle? ¿Hay mucha agua en la botella?

MANY:

Se utiliza “many” con calificativos contables para indicar mucha cantidad. Se usa en
oraciones negativas y preguntas, aunque a veces también se puede usar en oraciones
afirmativas.

Ej.:
There aren’t many pictures on the wall. No hay muchos cuadros en la pared.
Are there many chairs in the room? ¿Hay muchas sillas en la habitación?

A LOT OF:

“A lot of” se usa tanto con calificativos contables como incontables para indicar mucha
cantidad. La diferencia con “much” y “many” es que “a lot of” se utiliza en oraciones
afirmativas.

Ej.:
There are a lot of pictures on the wall. Hay muchos cuadros en la pared.
I have a lot of money. Tengo mucho dinero.

SHOULD
PRACTIC
You should study for the examnen.
We should be friends.
You should stop amoking.
SHOULDN’T
You shouldn’t sad bad words
Should I go? Debería ir
What should I do? Que debería hacer?

WHAT THINGS SHOULD YOU SEE IN AND

AROUND PORTOVIEJO?
WHAT SHOULD I DO/GO IN PORTOVIEJO?
You Should definitely go to Botanic garden, There are find animals very pretty. The fair
of the Camara de Comercio is good election because. There are many store. At the
Mamey park you can joing of plays, foods you also can see the river. You should visit
in october, because we have festival of Portoviejo.

VOCABULARY

Minutes- minutos Say- decir

Castle- castillo
Miss-perder

Royal- real

Tour- gira

Evil- malo

Excited-emocionado

Hall-Salon
LOCATIONS AND DIRECTIONS
 VOCABULARY

on - encima de
under - debajo de
in - en
inside - adentro
outside - afuera
in front of - en frente de
behind - atrás
next to - al lado 
between - entre (dos) 
among - entre muchos 
across from - del otro lado (también se dice "opposite")
opposite - del otro lado
above - arriba
below - abajo
around - alrededor
on the right - a la derecha
on the left - a la izquierda
 PRESENT SIMPLE
POSITIVE

SUBJECT + VERB+COMPLEMENT

Toda acción que se realiza usualmente, generalmente que se hace rutina.

I estudy everyday.
Yo estudio todos los días
I sleep at 10:00 pm
Yo duermo a las 10 de la noche
Evelyn makes up everyday
Evelyn se maquilla todos los días
He Works everyday
El trabaja todos los días

PRACTIC
I have a sister. She lives in other country. She is married. Her Housband an she work in
a Factory. They have three children.

NEGATIVE
DON´T / DOESN´T
He, she, it: DOESN’T
I, you, we, they: DON’T

EXCERSICES
I don’t make excersices.
She doesn’t stay quiet.
I don’t play soccer

PRACTIC
Anita don´t have boy friend. Because her mon doesn’t want that she haves. Anita and
mother don’t live together. They don´t have time to talk.

EXCERSICES
Do you play soccer?
Do you have children?
Do you eat chicken?
Do you buy chinese food?
Do you go to the park?
Do you always call maria?
Do you love me?

PRESENT PROGRESIVE
PRACTIC
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
EXCERSICES

POSITIVE
Evelyn is writting the class
The teacher is walking in the classrom
We are studying english
I am working in the school.

NEGATIVE
Evelyn isn’t writting the class
The teacher isn’t walking in the classrom
We studying aren’t english
I working am not in the school.

CUESTION
Is Evelyn writting the class?
Is The teacher walking in the classrom?
Are we studying english?
Am I working in the school?