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Emotional Development PDF
Emotional Development PDF
DEVELOPMENT
Structure
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Objectives
2.3 Meaning Expression and Perceptions of Emotions
23.1 Expression of Emotions
2.3.2 Prominent Features of Emotions
2.8 LetUsSumUp
2.9 Answers to Check Your Progress
2.10 References
2.1 INTRODUCTION
By now you have come to know that the shape and form of human body are the
result of physical development. However, Self Development takes place through
personal and social interactions. An individual with stable emotional pattern leads
a happy, healthy and peaceful life. Such a person is at ease with oneself and alsp
one's social surroundings.
An emotiOnaUy chtwbedperson creates problems for himselfand others. Therefore
harmonious development of one's personality depends on one's healthy emotional
development. Emotions affect all other aspects of personality. Proper training and
education in controlling emotions enables the young to lead a stable and peaceful
.&I
Emotions are the main motivating force to direct one's thoughts and behaviour.The
World Health Organization (W.H.O.) findings say, "80% diseases are caused by
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negative thoughts and negative attitude towards self and others" so managing Emotiona~ial
emotions is important for generating positive thoughts. Positive thoughts nowish Development
our minds.
In this unit we shall deal with emotions, their characteristics, effects and their
management. The unit has two parts. In this part (2A) we shall discuss the
meaning, expression and penqhons of emotions, emotional development at different
age-groups and understanding and management of emotions. In the next unit (2B)
we shall discuss social development.
2,2 OBJECTIVES
After going through this Unit, you should be able to:
dehne emotion;
discuss how emotions develop in infancy, early childhood, late childhood and
adolescence;
FIG. 2.3.1
s
External (Body changes)
EMOTIONS and BODY-CHANGES
The primary or basic emotion consists of six basic emotions namely: happiness,
surprise, fear, sadness, anger and disgust. These six emotions may be
conceptualized to exist on a continuum. The closer the two emotions on this
continuum, the more is the likelihood of confusion in recognizing them. For
example one gets confused in recognizing feelings of joy and surprise. Similarly
people may get c o n k e d while distinguishing between anger and disgust.
However, people quite easily discriminate between facial expressions of
happiness and disgust.
There may be different reactions to the same emotional stimuli. In some cases
it is a result of training and job requirement and in some cases it may be due
to variation in temperament/personality. Many people remain cool and tend
to hide their feelings, while there are others who tend to spill their emotions
quite often and remain agitated for quite long time.
Two persons may react to the same stimulus differently. One may be brimming
with excitement and joy while the other may be more calm and cool.
When it comes to children they fail to hide their emotions. They express them
in indirect ways like crying; nail-biting; thumb-sucking; stuttering or speech-
breaks etc.
Popular children usually are less anxious and jealous .They curb socially
unacceptable forms of emotionalexpression.
In this developmental period, teens become moody and negative. These images,
however, are accurate for only a minority of adolescents. Most adolescents cope
with the changes in emotionally positive ways. At times emotional stress is the
result of adolescents' conflicts with their parents. These conflicts fiquently occur
because adolescents strive to make independent choices and do not agree with
parents' requests and opinions redly. Emotional extremes more often cen#cm
interactions with peers, particularly romantic partners.
2.7.3 Catharsis
Catharsis is purification of emotions through drama. It is the process of bringing
repressed feelings to consciousness and expressing them through the medium of
drama. In India people observe mourning for many days following the death of
some near and dear one. It is a cathartic process of expressing feelings of sorrow.
Cox (1997) calls it as 'sense of imaginative sympathy'. It is vital to morality.
2.7.4 Inhibition
Inhibition is the process of 'checking free expression' of any emotion. With strong
'will power' one can suppress the emotional feelings. Developing sense of duty
moderates emotional behavior, Parents and teachers should assign 'responsibility'
and it has been proved that proper encouragement and praise have worked
wonders.
Check Your Progress 2
1. Describe the self-conscious emotions in stage of middle childhood?
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2 In the Indian confext, how should the adolescents be handled? Specify
any two?
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3. Specify the different methods of handling emotion?
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2.10 REFERENCES
CruzeWendell.W (1999). Educational Psychology, Arnaz0n.Co.U.K.
Hurlock, E.B. (1974). Personality Development, Tata McGraw-Hill, Inc.New
York
McDougall William (2003). An Introduction to Social Psychology, (Paperback)
Dover Pubns.
Reynolds Stella (2007). Educational Psychology, Amazon.co.UK.
Woodworth R0bert.S. (1972). Experimental Psychology, Methuen Young Books
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