CULMINATING ACTIVITY B.

Economics
- Studies allocation of scarce resources and
RECALL TO DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE the production and exchange of goods and
services in society
SOCIAL SCIENCES
- Greek word “Oikonomia” meaning
household management
I. What is Social Science?
- Processes: (1) Production, (2) Allocation,
- Study of humans, people, society and social
and (3) Consumption
beings using a scientific approach
- Divisions: (1) Microeconomics and (2)
- Provide diverse lens to understand and
Macroeconomics
explain different facets of human society
- Factors: (1) Demand, (2) Supply, and (3)
- Components of Social Beings: Values,
Market Equilibrium
Emotions, Language, Reason, and Body,
- Circular Flow of Economic Activity: Outputs
Soul and Spirit
→ Output Demand → Household → Labor
A. History
and Capital Supply → Input → Labor
1. Ancient Civilization
Demand and Investment →Firms → Output
- Birth of science, music and the arts
Supply → Outputs
- Discussion of nature of man, state, morality,
• Economic Systems
society and order
1. Command Economy
2. Medieval Period
- Central government either directly or
- Centered on religion (Christianity) and
indirectly sets output targets, income and
government (Monarchy)
prices
3. Renaissance (Rebirth)
2. Mixed Economy (Welfare State)
- Centered on the Industrial Revolution,
- Markets direct the activity of day-to-day
transformation of government (French
economic life while government regulates
Revolution), enlightenment (Rationalism),
social conditions, provides pensions and
and reformation of the church
help poor families
4. Modern Period
3. Free Market
- Formulation of the various fields of the
- Government should not interfere in
sciences
economic affairs and leave economic
5. Contemporary Period
decisions to private buyers and sellers
- Search for goodness in humanity
C. Geography
6. Post-Modern Period
- Study of the interaction between people
- Surpassing limits of technology
and their environment
- Search for a society that we cannot
- Types: (1) Cultural, (2) Human, and (3) Physical
imagine what would happen
D. History
B. Research Methods
- Systematic study of past events to
1. Experiment
understand meaning, dynamics and
- Explanatory research that specifies
relationship of the causes and effects in the
relationship among variables
development of societies
2. Survey
- “History starts when a system of writing is
- Gather data by asking questions to people
established”
without just using observation
- Elements: (1) Period, (2) Place, and (3) People
3. Participant Observation
- Herodotus: Father of Western History
- Exploratory and descriptive research of
- Types: (1) Political, (2) Diplomatic, (3) Social,
people in a natural setting
(4) Cultural, (5) Environment, (6) Local, and
4. Second-Data Analysis
(7) National
- Exploratory and descriptive research that
- Sources: (1) Primary, (2) Secondary, and
uses available suitable data
(3) Tertiary
- Phases: (1) Pre-Colonial (Mythic Phase,
II. What are the Social Sciences?
Formative Phase, Incipient Phase, Emergent
A. Anthropology
Phase, and Baranganic Phase), (2) Colonial
- Scientific study of humans and their cultures
(Spanish Colonization, American Imperialism,
in the past and present time
Japanese Occupation), (3) Post-Colonial
- Greek words “Anthropos” meaning man
(Third Republic, Marcos Regime, Wave of
and “Logos” meaning study.
Democracy)
- “kung san may tao, doon may agham-tao”
E. Political Science
- Fields: (1) Bio-Anthropology, (2) Archaeology,
- Examines the relationship between people
(3) Cultural Anthropology, (4) Linguistic
and policy, government, laws and
Anthropology, and (5) Forensics
international relations
- Remains: (1) Artifacts, (2) Fossils, and
- Approaches: (1) Traditional, (2) Systems, and
(3) Ecofacts
(3) Structural-Functional
- Participant Observation: Fellowship and
- Political Ideology: Set of ideas that provides
research while employing sensory organs
basis for organized political action and
• Culture
preservation or modification of existing
- Shared way of life
relations of power
- Types: (1) Nonmaterial and (2) Material
F. Psychology
- Elements: (1) Symbols, (2) Norms, (3) Language,
- Studies how the human mind works in
(4) Values and Beliefs, and (5) Technology
consonance with the body to produce
thoughts that lead to individual actions
• Freud’s Conception of the Human Psyche I. Pantayong Pananaw
- Influence of one’s unconsciousness on how - Isang nagsasariling diskurso ng mga Pilipino
s/he feel about thyself sa wikang pambansa para sa kasaysayan
- Personality Theory: (1) Id (Instincts), (2) Ego at agham panlipunan
(Reality), and (3) Superego (Morality) - Pag-aaral ng mga Pilipino sa Pilipinas
• Bagong Kasaysayan (Zeus Salazar)
- Pag-aaral ng nakaraan sa mata at
karanasan ng mga Pilipino
• Pilipinolohiya (Prospero Covar)
- Sistematikong balangkas upang magbigay
liwanag sa pag-unawa ng Pilipinong
kaisipan, kultura, at pag-uugali
• Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Virgilio Enriquez)
- Sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan,
at oryentasyong Pilipino.
- Para mas higit na mauunawaan ng isang
Pilipino ang kanyang sarili upang sa gayon
ay mapaunlad niya ang kanyang buhay
J. Other Branches
• Behavioral Science
- Encompasses all the disciplines that explore
the activities of and interactions among
organisms in the natural world
• Library Science
- An interdisciplinary field that applies the
practices, perspectives, and tools of
management
• Development Studies
- A multi-disciplinary that focuses on the
development, such as development
projects, project implementation, systems of
government, characteristics of society,
underdevelopment
G. Sociology • Area Studies
- Study of people's behavior in groups. - Multi- and inter-disciplinary fields of
understands how and why people interact pertaining to geographical,
and functions in society national/federal, or cultural regions
- “Humans are not predictable because of encompassing both the social sciences and
choice, thinking and will. But they become the humanities
predictable because of societal norms.”
- Development: (1) Reformation,
(2) Enlightenment, (3) Scientific Age, (4) Age
of Discovery and Conquest, (5) French
Revolution, (6) Industrial Revolution, and (7)
Post-Industrial
- Common Themes: (1) Religion, (2) Social
Class, (3) Deviance, and (4) Sexuality
• Structural-Functionalism (Emile Durkheim)
- Sees society as a complex system whose
parts work together to promote solidarity
and stability
• Social-Conflict (Karl Marx)
- Sees society as an area of inequality (social
class) that generates conflict ang change
• Symbolic Interactionism (Erving Goffman)
- Sees society as a product of everyday
interactions of individuals
- Focus on symbols and representations
created by society
• Feminism
- Enhance the social role of women and a
focus on the gender dynamics of politics
- Types: (1) Liberal, (2) Radical, and (3) Social
H. Demography
- Scientific study of human populations across
time
- Variables: (1) Age, (2) Sex, (3) Income Level,
(4) Race, (5) Employment, (4) Location,
(5) Homeownership, and (6) Level of
Education